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The Soundscape of a Nearshore Reef near an Urban Center. Whitlow W. L. Au, Michael Richlen, Marc Lammers Marine Mammal Research Program Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaii. Kilo Nalu Nearshore Reef Observatory. Kilo Nalu -- “observe the wave”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Soundscape of a Nearshore Reef near an Urban Center
Whitlow W. L. Au, Michael Richlen, Marc LammersMarine Mammal Research ProgramHawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaii
Kilo Nalu Nearshore Reef Observatory
Acoustic monitor installed – Nov 2008 – 24 kHz sample rate on wet end
Kilo Nalu -- “observe the wave”
Orginally at 22 m depth690 m off-shore
Sample rate = 24 kHz = 48 kbytes/s = 4.2 Gbytes/day = 124 Gbytes/mn
Modified EAR
Now closer to shore at 10 m depth
Background
1. The only real time acoustic monitor in tropical waters(very unique and valuable asset)
2. Complementary to NMFS/CRED program to collect baseline/time series data to acoustically monitor the health of coral reefs
3. Excellent platform to collect acoustic signature of small crafts fortemplate development
fishing restricted areasmarine protected areas
Nature conservancyHomeland security
4. Data for development of software for automatic detectionhumpback whalesfish sounds
Background
1. Ecological Acoustic Monitor (EAR) modified and deployed at
Kilo Nalu site – up and running 1st week in Nov, 2008
2. Sounds being heard
Boats, boats, boats and more boats.dinner cruise boatstour-dive boatspleasure craftstour fishing boatsetc
snapping shrimpsfisheshumpback whalesrain
6 November
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour (HST)
RM
S (
db
re
1uP
a)
Boat
Snapping shrimp Snapping shrimp
EXAMPLE OF RMS SPL IN A DAY: 6 NOVEMBER
SPL 28 February (Mean SPL = 110.4 dB re1uPa)
105
110
115
120
125
130
RM
S (
dB
re1
uP
a)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour (HST)
28 February
Boats & Humpback Whales Hump & sshrimpHump & sshrimp
EXAMPLE OF MIXTURE OF SOUNDS IN WINTER
1-7 November
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
RM
S (
dB
re
1uP
a)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DAY
EXAMPLE OF A WEEK RMS SPL: 1-7 NOVEMBER
Boat in daylight/ snapping shrimp night
3 K
2 K
1K
0 1 2 3 4
Time (min)
55
Fre
qu
ency
(H
z)4 K
5K
6 K
EXAMPLE OF A BOAT PASSING BY THE KILO NALU SITE
Soundstarts
EXAMPLE OF HUMPBACK WHALE SONG AT THE KILO NALU SITE
3 K
2 K
1K
00 1 2 3 4 5
Time (min)
Fre
qu
ency
(H
z)
3 K
2 K
1K
0
Fre
qu
ency
(H
z)
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (min)
EXAMPLE OF BOAT & HUMPBAC WHALE
EXAMPLE OF A BOAT SOUND
Seconds
Rel
ativ
e A
mp
litu
de
EXAMPLE FOR HUMPBACK WHALE SIGNALS
Seconds
Rel
ativ
e A
mp
litu
de
CONCLUSIONS
2. Need to develop smart processing as close to wet end as possible to minimize data management issues
3. Need to develop parallel scheme rather than present serial scheme
4. Better results can be achieved by understanding and using the characteristics of different biological sounds
1. Valuable resource for understanding use of acoustics to monitorhealth of coral reef environment & to understand the effects ofanthropogenic noise on organisms