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The Smart Grid and Consumer Electronics
George W. Arnold, Eng.Sc.D.
National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability
National Institute of Standards and Technology
World Electronics Forum
January 10, 2011
2
The Electric Grid
“The supreme engineering achievement of the 20th century”
- National Academy of Engineering
3
The Electric Grid 100 Years Ago
Edison Pearl Street Station, 1882
Wall Street, 1913
It’s not too different today!
Smart Grid – A U.S. National Priority
“We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Barack Obama
“To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu
“A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke
“It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]… to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, EISA 2007
5
The Grid Needs to be Modernized
• Reduce Costs• Use More Renewables• Improve Reliability• Support Electric Vehicle
Charging
The Smart Grid integrates information technology and advanced communications into the power system in order to:
Reducing Cost
• Half of U.S. coal plants are > 40 years old• Upgrade or replacement will cost $560 B by 2030• Smart grid helps utilities and consumers reduce both peak and
average use – thus reducing investment otherwise required – US per capita annual electricity usage = 13000 kWh– Japan per capita annual usage = 7900 kWh
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2007 Generation by Source
Sources:(1) DoE EIA(2) Brattle Group
Using More Renewables
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Source: PJM
• Electricity generation accounts for 40% of human-caused CO2
• Smart grid enables dynamic control needed for much greater use of wind and solar
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Increasing Reliability
US Japan0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Power outagesMinutes/year/customer
• $80 Billion /year cost to U.S. economy
• Smart grid sensors and automated controls will improve reliability
Sources: (1) IEEE Benchmarking 2009 Results
Distribution Reliability Working Group(2) Japan Ministry of Economy Trade and
Industry 2010(3) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Electric Vehicle Charging
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – NO UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Hours
MW
I nitial Load Forecast Ports Rail Trucks Forklifts PEVs
Worst Case
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2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – WITH UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Hours
MW
Initial Load Forecast Ports Rail Trucks Forklifts PEVs
Source: Southern California Edison
• Opportunity to use idle capacity on the grid
• Smart grid enables charging management to avoid overload during peak periods
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The Smart Grid Essential Concept
Two-way flow of electricity and informationDynamic management of both supply and demand
11
Where Does the Power Go?
AC17%
Lights15%
Refrigeration10%
Hot Water9%
Heating9%
TV7%
Washer/dryer6%
Computers4%
Cooking2%
Dishwasher2%
Other — Miscella-
neous Uses19%
Res.37%
Comm’l36%
Indust.’l27%
Source: DoE EIA, 2008 data
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Consumer Electronics Can Drive Innovation on Customer Side of the Meter
• Home area network• Energy services interface• Home energy
management systems/apps
• Controllers• Displays• Sub-metering devices• Embedded smart grid-
aware intelligence
NIST Smart Grid Reference Model
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Standards are Critical:Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
• Public-private partnership created in Nov. 2009• 620 member organizations• Open, public process with international participation• Coordinates standards developed by Standards Development
Organizations (SDOs) – Identifies Requirements– Prioritizes standards development programs– Works with over 20 SDOs including IEC, ISO, ITU, CEA, IEEE, …
• Web-based participation
SGIP Twiki: http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/SGIP
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Benefits of Global Standards
• Avoid unnecessary adaptations for different markets
• Promote supplier competition• Encourage innovation• Lower costs for suppliers• Lower costs for utilities• Lower costs to end customers
Further Information
• Web portal: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid• Contact:
– George Arnold, National Coordinator– Email: [email protected]– Telephone: +1.301.975.2232
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