The Skeletal The Skeletal SystemSystem

The Appendicular Skeleton

Limbs (appendages)

Pectoral girdle

Pelvic girdle

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Composed of two bones Clavicle – collarbone (articulates with the

manubrium) Scapula – shoulder blade

Where each upper limb articulates with the trunk

These bones allow the upper limb to have free movement

Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

Figure 5.20a–b

Scapula

Figure 6-22

Bones of the arm

The upper arm is formed by a single bone Humerus: extends

from the scapula to the elbow

Proximal

Distal

Bones of the arm

The forearm has two bones Ulna: lies on the

medial (pinky) side Radius: lies on the

lateral (thumb) side

Figure 5.21c

Bones of the arm The hand – composed

of 27 bones Carpals (8)– wrist Metacarpals – palm Phalanges – fingers

Proximal Middle Distal

Pollex – thumb (only has proximal and distal

Figure 5.22

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle Hip bones Composed of three pair of fused

bones Ilium Ischium Pubic bone

The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis

Protects several organs Reproductive organs Urinary bladder Part of the large intestine

Pelvis

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6-26(a)

Male VS. Female

Bones of the Leg

The thigh has one bone Femur – thigh bone Longest, heaviest,

strongest bone Distally articulates

with the tibia at the knee

Bones of the Leg

The leg has two bones Tibia: Large medial

bone (shin bone) Fibula: slender, does

not participate in joint movement. Stabilizes the ankle

Figure 5.24c

Bones of the Lower Limbs The foot

Tarsus (7) – ankle Metatarsals – sole Phalanges – toes

Proximal Middle Distal

Calcaneus – heel Hallux – big toe

Proximal Distal

Figure 6-30(b)