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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Humans have 206 bones. We have an endoskeleton. Endo-inside Exo-outside

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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System

Humans have 206 bones. We have an endoskeleton.

Endo-inside Exo-outside

How do all these bones work together?

They must be connected! Bone to bone = ligaments. Bone to muscle = tendons.

True or False?

Bone is alive.TRUE! Bone is actually an organ made up of

tissue.

What is bone?

Made of tissue. Strongest part of body. Made mainly of Calcium and

Phosphorus.

Bone Structure

Periosteum

Marrow Cavity

Veins

Supports weightAllows arteries andnerves to travel into bones

Protection

Support & shape

Contains red marrow

Fat

Makes blood cells

Functions of Skeletal System

Shape and Support

Forms a framework that supports other organs and maintains body shape.

Think of what you would look like with no skeleton!

Ahhh!

Allows Movement

Provides an attachment for muscles, which allows for movement.

Protects Tissues and Organs

Example, your ribs protect many vital organs

Stores Materials

Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

At times these reserves are used by tissue elsewhere in the body.

For example, when levels of calcium in the blood falls below a certain level, calcium is dissolved out of the bones and into the blood!

Produces Blood Cells

Blood cells are formed within the marrow in the bones.

Parts of the Skeleton

Axial skeleton - skull, ribs and vertebrae.

Appendicular skeleton - all bones attached to axial; ex: arms, legs

What is Cartilage?

- strong, flexible tissue

- gives shape (nose)

- covers the ends of some bones (prevents bones from grinding against each other)

- shock absorber (in vertebrae - cartilage disks)

- before birth, the skeleton is made mostly of cartilage then cartilage is hardened with

calcium to make bones. This is called ossification.

Types of bones (by shape)

Flat Bones

protects and supports body organs Ex: ribs

Long bones supports weight and for movement Ex: femur

Short bonessupports and small movements Ex: phalanges

Irregular bones supports and protects Ex: vertebrae

Cranium

Mandible

Clavicle

Humerus

UlnaRadius

Phalanges

Femur

Patella

FibulaTibia

Tarsal (ankles)

Scapula

SternumRib

VertebraePelvis

Carpals

Phalanges

Types of Joints

Joint- a place where two bones meet.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

movement: swinging and rotating

(Ex: hips, shoulders)

Hinge joint movement: bending, back and forth -

strong joint, allows people to lift heavy objects

(Ex: knee, elbow)

Pivotal joint

movement: circular, side-to-side and up and down

(Ex: head)

Gliding joint

movement: all directions(Ex: wrist)

Fixed joint (immovable joint)

movement: none(Ex: skull)

What is arthritis?

description - inflammation of the joints

What is a sprain?

description - injury in which ligaments around a joint have been torn or stretched

cause – stress treatment – rest

What is a dislocation or fracture?

description – dislocation - bones move

out of their normal position in a joint

fracture - break cause - stress treatment - return to

normal position and immobilize

cranium

vertebrae

clavicle

radius

ulna

phalanges

patella

fibulatibia

phalanges