THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Chapter 14

Lesson 1 part 2

jointa connection between two or more bones

or between cartilage and bone

Joints provide flexibility and enable the skeleton to move.

Joints are designed for specific functions and are classified

into two groups:

• Movable Joints

•Immovable Joints

Movable Joints

• ball and socket

• hinge

• pivot

• gliding (condyloid)

Ball and socket joint

Hinge joint

Pivot joint

Gliding (condyloid) joint

Immovable Joints

sutures - the interlocking margins of skull bones

Anatomy of a joint

Tendon

Bursa

Bursa

Bursa

PatellaFemur

Tibia

Ligament

Synovial Cavity

synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the joint cavity

fluid, which acts as a shock absorber between the bones

secretes a lubricating fluid called synovial

ligaments

connect the bones of a

joint

ligaments

tendons

connects muscle to bone; often extend across the joint and

strengthens it

bursas

Bursa

Bursa

Bursa

a fluid-filled sac; lined with synovial membrane

bursas

located between tendons, ligaments, & bones

bursas

Bursa

Bursa

Bursa

serve as cushions and

reduce friction

• Arthritis

• Rheumatism

• Sprain

• Double-jointed

• Osteoporosis

Bone & JointDiseases and Disorders

a disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away; usually accompanied by pain. Arthritis frequently results in changes in the joint structure, greatly hampering movement.

Arthritis

a general term for various conditions that are characterized by soreness and stiffness of muscles and joints

Rheumatism

A stretch injury to the ligaments of a joint. In severe sprains, the ligaments may be torn.

Sprain

results from abnormally long ligaments, which allow a joint to be easily dislocated

Double-jointed

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease which causes bones to weaken and become brittle.

Osteoporosis

One of the best ways to keep bones healthy is to exercise.

Without exercise, bones weaken and lose mass.

Bones need a balanced diet that includes calcium and Vitamin D.

Healthy Bones

Because bones supply calcium to your nerves, muscles, and heart, a healthy skeletal system is important in maintaining your body’s homeostasis.

Working together with muscles, bones enable you to move away from unpleasant stimuli or danger.

The Skeletal System and Homeostasis