The Skeletal SystemChapter 14-

Lesson 1Lesson2Lesson3

How the Skeletal System Works206 Bones

Smallest=Inner ear (.25 cm)

Largest=Femur (550-1700 pounds of pressure)

Fingers, toes, and ribs are the easiest to break

Bones and their StructureCompact Bone-outer layer, protective

Spongy Bone-less dense filled with red bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced.

Yellow Marrow-stores fat

Functions of the Skeletal SystemProviding support for the body.

Protecting internal organs and tissues.

Producing new red and white blood cells.

Storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus.

Connective Tissue3 Types

Cartilage-strong, flexible connective tissue that can act as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction.

Ligament-a band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.

Tendon-a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.

Caring for the Skeletal SystemA healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and

regular checkups are ways to care for your skeletal system.

Understanding Skeletal ProblemsScoliosis-a lateral or side to side curvature of

the spine.

Fractures-any type of break in the bone Hairline fractures-parts of the bone do not

separate. Transverse fractures-fracture is completely

across the bone. Comminuted fractures-when the bone shatters

into more than two pieces.

Injuries to JointsDislocation-when a bone slips out of place,

tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint.

Torn Cartilage-results from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint.

Bursitis-results from the painful inflammation of bursa, a fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction in joints.

Bunions-painful swellings of the bursae in the first joints of the big toes.

Arthritis-inflammation of a joint, resulting from an injury, natural wear and tear, or autoimmune disease

OsteoporosisA condition in which there is a progressive loss

of bone tissue.

You must consume Vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium to maintain bone health.

Weight bearing activities decrease the risk of osteoporosis.

The Muscular SystemMuscles are like rubber bands, they allow

movement to the organs or bones they are attached.

Voluntary and involuntary muscles.

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles Involuntary

Diaphragm

Small and large intestine

Heart

Voluntary

Running to first base

Walking

Catching a ball

Types of MuscleSmooth Muscles

Skeletal Muscles

Cardiac Muscles

Caring for Your MusclesGet regular exercise.

Eat high protein foods to build muscle.

Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles.

Warm up properly before exercising and cool down after exercising.

Understanding Muscular ProblemsBruises-areas of discolored skin that appear after an

injury, blood vessels rupture underneath the skin.

Muscle strains or sprain-muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion.

Tendinitis-inflammation of a tendon, can be the consequence of injury, overuse, or natural aging.

Hernia-occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.

Muscular dystrophy-an inherited disorder in which skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed.

The Nervous SystemThe nervous system coordinates all of the

activities in the body.

Two Main Divisions

The Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the brain and spinal cord

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Gathers information from inside and outside of

your body.

The CNS receives messages from the PNS, interprets them, and sends out a response.

Understanding NeuronsNeurons or nerve cells transmit messages to

and from the spinal cord and brain.