The Skeletal System

Kavitta Ghai, Shefali Mathrani, Rebecca Ryan

Main Functions Protection & Support

Skeleton protects internal organs and fragile body tissues

Provides framework for body Allows us to keep our shape

Blood cell formation Red bone marrow produces red and white blood cells

Stores minerals and energy Bone tissues stores calcium and phosphorus When required, minerals are released into the blood Yellow bone marrow stores chemical energy and fat

Aids movement Works with muscular system to allow body to move

How It Works Protection and Support:

Cranium protects brain and eyes Ribs protect heart and lungs Vertebrae protects spinal cord

Production of blood cells: Red marrow produces blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells Some white blood cells develop in yellow marrow Cases of severe blood loss: body can convert yellow marrow to red

marrow to increase blood cell production. Movement:

Muscles attached to bones through tendons Bones and muscles work together by impulses and signals Nervous system signals muscle to contract Muscle contracts, bone moves with it

What Are Bones? Hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton Considered living organs Made of epithelial tissue—the thin tissue that

forms the outer layer of a body's surface, nerves, muscle tissue and connective tissue

Grow and change as your body mature

What Makes Up Bones Periosteum: thin, dense membrane

that lines the outer surface of bones and contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish bone

Compact Bone: smooth and very hard part of bone, blood vessels run through it

Cancellous Bone (Spongy Bone): looks like sponge because has large open spaces, not as hard as compact bone, protects bone marrow

Bone Marrow: produces blood cells and stores energy

Joints Immovable Joints: connected by connective

tissue, do not allow movement Slightly Movable Joints: joined together by

cartilage Freely Movable Joints: joined by cartilage and

cushioned cavities filled with synovial fluid

Types of Joints

Strengths Muscles and bones enable body to move Bones are strong because of calcium compounds Marrow produces new blood cells and repairs old

ones Comprise only 18% of body weight

Weaknesses Arthritis: disease of the joints, caused by

destruction of cartilage between bones and joints Scoliosis: abnormal curvature of the backbone,

caused by disease that affects spine Osteoporosis: disease of the bone, becomes thin

so easy to fracture

Cures Arthritis: Lifestyle changes, physical therapy,

medication, and surgery Scoliosis: braces or surgery Osteoporosis: Proper diet, adequate calcium,

medication, exercising

Weaknesses Cont. Fractures: bone shatters Torn ligaments: breakage of connective tissue

which holds together bones and joints

Maintaining A Healthy Skeleton Drink milk or take calcium supplements Exercise; engage in weight-lifting Maintain a healthy diet; orange juice, broccoli,

fish, etc. Keep teeth clean Wear protection during sports

Interesting Facts There are over 100 types of arthritis Babies start out with 300-350 bones There are 206 bones in the adult body Scoliosis is more common in girls than boys

Review Questions What part of the bone produces new blood cells

as well as repairing damaged ones? What are the three types of joins? What covers and protects our major organs? What kind of tissue do bones mainly consist of? How many bones are in an adult body? Name one way we can maintain the skeletal

system.

Thank You!