5th Six Weeks Exam Review Guide

Questions for your 5th six weeks exam will be taken from these question. Due to the large number of questions, not all of these will be on the exam.

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Questions 19-25

20 Microtubules help provide

support for the cell. What body system has the same function?

A skeletal system

B digestive system

C circulatory system

D respiratory system

19 Which of the following is not a

function of the skeletal system?

A provide shape

B protection of major organs

C provide support

D transport blood

21 What would happen to your body if you had little or no bone

marrow?

F Your other systems would make up for it

G You would not have enough

red blood cells

H Nothing would happen to

you.

J You would not have enough cartilage.

22 One of the functions of the skeletal system in the body is to

F circulate blood to all parts of

the body.

G collect waste products and remove them from the body.

H provide a strong framework

for the body.

J produce enzymes to help

digest food.

Part of Muscular

System Description

smooth muscle Found in digestive tract and walls of blood

vessels. Acts involuntarily.

cardiac muscle Specialized muscle found only in the heart.

Acts involuntarily.

skeletal muscle Attached to bones to aid movement. Acts

voluntarily and involuntarily.

tendons Strands of tough connective tissue that

connect skeletal muscles to bones.

23 As part of an extended field investigation, Steve made the table

above to summarize facts about the muscular system. Based on the information in the table, it can be concluded that

A there are three types of muscle

B tendons act voluntarily

C only skeletal muscle can act involuntarily

D not here

25 How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together?

A Both muscles contract at the same

time.

B Both muscles extend at the same time.

C While one muscle in the pair

contracts, the other returns to its

original length.

D One muscle in the pair pulls on the bone, while the second muscle pulls

on the first muscle.

24 Why is the biceps classified as a

skeletal muscle?

F It is attached to bones and is used to move them.

G It reacts and tires slowly

H It is involuntary

J It is found in internal organs

The Circulatory System Questions 10-18

10 When exercising, the heart pumps more frequently and

with greater force. This results in

A unlimited endurance.

B increased blood flow through

the blood vessels.

C decreased blood pressure.

D flexor muscle activity.

11

What is the major role of red

blood cells in the circulatory system?

F carry nutrients and oxygen

to body cells

G prevent disease and fight infection

H carry digestive juices to the

stomach

J send chemical messages to the nervous system

12

Where does blood low in oxygen

from the body enter the heart?

A right atrium

B right ventricle

C left ventricle

D left atrium

13

Which two substances does the blood transport away from body

cells?

F oxygen and carbon dioxide

G carbon dioxide and waste

H nutrients and waste

J oxygen and nutrients

14

What parts of the blood help fight off disease and heal

injuries?

A white blood cells and platelets

B red blood cells and platelets

C white blood cells and red

blood cells

D white blood cells and plasma

15

Which is not a function of the circulatory system?

F carry nutrients and oxygen

to body cells

G carry carbon dioxide and waste away from the body

cells

H attack disease-causing

bacteria

J produce chemicals that control body processes

16 The diagram below shows materials needed for survival being transported inside a plant. Which body system performs this function in humans?

A circulatory system

B digestive system

C excretory system

D respiratory system

17

A class was studying human

body systems. The students learned about a system that

moved oxygen to the cells and contained structures that help

the body fight infections. The

class was studying the -

F muscular system

G digestive system

H circulatory system

J endocrine system

18

Different parts of the circulatory

system are adapted for different functions. A blood vessel that is

very narrow and has thin walls is Most Likely specialized for -

A storing blood until it is needed

B passing materials in blood to

the cells

C carrying blood over long distances

D withstanding high blood

pressures

The Respiratory System Questions 13-26

USE THIS DIAGRAM TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 13-17

13 How does the structure of the alveoli help process 1 in the diagram?

A small patterns on the surface of the alveoli correspond with the shapes

of CO2 and O2 molecules and allow them to enter

B smooth, rounded membranes of the alveoli allow gas molecules to flow

in and our freely

C the hollow interior of the alveoli has ample space for unlimited gas

molecules

D thin walls of the alveoli let molecules of CO2 and O2 pass through easily

14 What two body systems are interacting in this diagram?

F respiratory-excretory

G digestive-circulatory

H nervous-endocrine

J respiratory-circulatory

15

Study the diagram carefully.

What process is illustrated in the diagram?

A photosynthesis

B gas exchange

C respiration

D gas deposition

16

Identify structure 2.

F vein

G artery

H red blood cell

J capillary

17

Identify structure 3.

A vein

B artery

C red blood cell

D capillary

18

What is the major role of red

blood cells in the circulatory system?

F carry nutrients and oxygen

to body cells

G prevent disease and fight

infection

H carry digestive juices to the stomach

J send chemical messages to

the nervous system

19

What is the original source of O2

in the alveoli?

A heart

B inhaled air

C nasal passages

D exhaled air

20

What part of a heating and air conditioning system performs a

function similar to nasal hairs?

F ducts

G thermostat

H filter

J cooling agent

21 Which statement best describes the function of this human body system?

A breaks down food into nutrients and wastes

B supplies O2 to the blood, which in turn delivers O2 to all parts of the

body

C endocrine and reproductive

D nervous and digestive

22 This table shows approximate amounts of gases inhaled and exhaled by

humans. What conclusion can you draw from this information?

F Inhaled air contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than exhaled

air.

G Inhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than exhaled air.

H Inhaled air contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide than

exhaled air.

J Inhaled air contains the same amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide as exhaled air.

Gas Inhaled Air Exhaled Air

nitrogen 78% 78%

oxygen 21% 16%

carbon dioxide 0.03% 4%

23 This diagram shows one way in which two different body systems interact. Which statement identifies the two body systems that are interacting and

describes what is happening.

A The alveoli in the respiratory system and the capillaries in the circulatory system are exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.

B The alveoli in the muscular system and the capillaries of the circulatory

system are exchanging oxygen and nitrogen.

C The capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the excretory system are exchanging nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

D The capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the nervous

system are exchanging carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

Gases Exchanged

alveoli

capillaries

24

Which of the following is NOT a part of the respiratory system?

F diaphragm

G esophagus

H lungs

J trachea

25 Organisms that require oxygen must first transfer molecules of oxygen

from their environment to their cells. In humans, which two systems are

directly involved in the transfer of oxygen from the environment to their cells?

A circulatory and nervous

B respiratory and digestive

C digestive and nervous

D respiratory and circulatory

26 Which best describes how the heart and lungs work together?

F Movement of the lungs helps the heart to pump blood.

G The lungs supply oxygen to the blood, which the heart pumps

throughout the body.

H The heart supplies oxygen to the blood, which the lungs pump

throughout the body.

J The heart and the lungs work together to help digest food.

The Digestive System Questions 27-35

27

What two body systems are

represented in this diagram?

A respiratory and reproductive

B muscular and skeletal

C digestive and respiratory

D circulatory and endocrine

28

What is the primary function of

the villi in the small intestine?

F to help blood flow into the veins

G to increase nutrient absorption

H to decrease water absorption

J to help produce vitamin A

29

The mitochondria, the cell

membrane, and lysosomes perform the same functions for

the cell that the _______ system does for our body.

A skeletal

B digestive

C circulatory

D respiratory

30

In which organ does almost all absorption take place?

F liver

G pancreas

H small intestine

J gall bladder

31

When a person’s body needs food, the brain helps maintain

homeostasis by sending signals that make the person

A feel hungry.

B perspire.

C put on a sweater.

D feel tired.

32

Mechanical digestion begins with the -

F salivary glands

G teeth

H epiglottis

J esophagus

33

Which function is performed primarily by the digestive

system?

A exchange of gases between the blood and the

environment

B removing wastes from the body

C breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones

D transport of nutrients to cells

34

To show students that gravity alone is not the only force that helps move

food through the body, the teacher does a headstand and eats a cookie.

Which of the following is MOST responsible for moving the food to the teacher’s stomach while upside down?

F chewing by teeth

G movement of the tongue

H squeezing by the esophagus

J contraction of the stomach

35

Which of the following phrases describe the function of the digestive

system? I. Smooth, muscular tube connects the mouth to the stomach

II. Muscular action in the esophagus pushes food to the stomach III. Structures called villi absorb nutrients from food

IV. Nutrients are made available to the body’s cells

A I and II

B II and III

C II and IV

D III and IV

The Integumentary System Questions 12-19

12

The picture shows a cross section of human skin. Which

section is the epidermis?

A Q

B R

C S

D T

13

The integumentary system is

important for maintaining homeostasis (balance) because

it

F helps your body excrete

waste

G ensures that your body temperature remains

constant

H helps to keep pathogens out

J all of the above

14

One of the body’s primary ways

of cooling itself is through the evaporation of moisture from the

surface of the skin. Which structure in the dermis is

responsible for this cooling?

A hair follicle

B dermis

C fat cells

D sweat gland

15

Which of the following is NOT a

part of the integumentary system of the body?

F hair

G bones

H skin

J finger and toe nails

16

The largest human body organ which regulates temperature and

serves as a barrier against harmful microorganisms

belongs to the -

A circulatory system

B nervous system

C digestive system

D integumentary system

18

The cell membrane acts as a covering for the cell. What body

system performs the same function?

A skeletal system

B digestive system

C integumentary system

D respiratory system

17

The skin helps regulate body

temperature by allowing excess heat to escape from the body. It

does this by producing sweat. If your body lost the ability to

sweat, what could happen to you if you competed at a track meet?

F nothing

G you would start to shiver

H you would overheat

J you could win the races

easier

19

Sweat glands are found in

human skin. These glands release sweat to help the body

cool during exercise. What would MOST LIKELY happen during

exercise if a person’s sweat glands are NOT functioning?

F The body would become

overheated.

G More sweat would be released.

H The upper layer of skin

would become thicker.

J More hair would grow on the

skin.

The Excretory System Questions 13-17

15

The main function of the

excretory system is to -

A produce enzymes to help

digest food

B collect and remove waste

products from the body

C prevent disease and fight infections

D carry oxygen and nutrients

to the body’s cells

16

Which cell organelle has a similar function to the excretory

system? Hint: which organelle

helps the cell get rid of waste?

F mitochondria

G nucleus

H lysosome

J ribosome

13

Two body systems work together

to help remove waste products from blood. What are these two

systems?

A circulatory and excretory

B skeletal and digestive

C circulatory and digestive

D muscular and excretory

14

Which of the following is NOT an

organ of excretion?

F the kidneys

G the skin

H the lungs

J the pancreas

17 The excretory system in the human body has several components. Some of them are identified in the diagram below.

What is the relationship between the kidneys, ureters, and urinary

bladder?

A They work together to transport blood.

B They work independently with specialized functions.

C They work together to maintain the chemical balance of blood.

D They work as storage organs for fluids to prevent dehydration.

The Nervous System Questions 20-26

20

Which of the following is a major

characteristic of the central nervous system?

A it is composed of the nerves

in the head.

B It is composed of the spinal nerves.

C It is composed of the brain

and spinal cord.

D It is composed of the synapses in the brain.

21

Which cell organelle performs

the same job for the cell that the nervous system does for your

body?

F cell wall

G nucleus

H mitochondria

J endoplasmic reticulum

22 The above picture shows two neurons. A nerve impulse moves from neuron A to neuron B by -

A the release of carbohydrates into the synapse

B the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters that help the signal

“jump” the synapse

C the dendrites that are connected

D neuron A hitting against neuron B

23 If a chemical such as alcohol were to block the synapse between these two

neurons, what would happen to the person’s level of thought and reaction time?

F it would increase

G it would decrease

H it would not change

J it would increase for alcohol and decrease for a drug

24 Camille was helping in the kitchen and accidentally grabbed a hot pan. The

sentences below explain how three body systems work together to get Camille out of danger. What isthe correct order of these steps.

1. A signal goes to the muscles to contract away from the

source of pain.

2. A signal is sent along the nervous system that the hand is

in pain.

3. The muscles move the bones in the hand and arm.

4. Nerves in the fingers sense the hot pan.

A 2, 1, 3, 4

B 2, 4, 1, 3

C 4, 3, 2, 1

D 4, 2, 1, 3

25

The sense organs send information about the

environment to the –

F brain

G autonomic nervous system

H somatic nervous system

J semicircular canals

26

What is the function of the axon

in a nerve cell?

A controls all the activities of the neuron

B receives messages from the

axon tips

C sends messages to the dendrites

D carries messages away from

the cell body

The Endocrine System Questions 4-8

4

One of the functions of the

endocrine system in the body is to -

A produces blood cells

B digest food

C produces hormones that act

as messengers in the body

D provide a strong framework for the body

5

The human body has specialized

organs which collect and process substances from the blood. The

concentrated substances are then secreted as hormones to

regulate body processes. These specialized organs are

called –

F ducts

G glands

H organelles

J nodes

6

The way the endocrine system

maintains homeostasis is often compared to a(n) –

A violent thunderstorm that

startles people and increases

their heartbeat.

B heating system that turns a furnace on and off to control

a room's temperature

C monthly cycle that releases an egg from an ovary

D period of human

development that takes about nine months to

be completed

7

Why do hormones cause changes

only in specific body organs?

F A hormone is carried to a specific location by tiny

tubes.

G A hormone interacts only with target cells, which fit

together with that hormone.

H A hormone is produced only in the location where it is

needed.

J A hormone works only through negative feedback

8 Negative feedback occurs when a system is turned off by the condition it

produces. Identify the example of negative feedback

A When a hormone travels through the bloodstream, it will interact only with its target cells.

B After age 40 or so, people’s muscle strength begins to decrease and

their skin starts to wrinkle.

C When people are startled by a frightening event, their heart beats faster.

D When the amount of a hormone reaches a certain level, the endocrine

system stops the release of that hormone.

The Reproductive System Questions 4-7

4

Ovaries produce and secrete

hormones in addition to eggs. To what human body systems to

ovaries belong?

A integumentary and

reproductive

B excretory and muscular

C endocrine and reproductive

D nervous and digestive

5

Which two systems do the

testes and ovaries belong?

F the lymphatic and reoroductive systems

G the urinary and lymphatic systems

H the endocrine and

reproductive systems

J the nervous and endocrine systems

6 Using the diagrams below, which answer has the correct order of the human reproductive cycle?

A L, K, M, N

B K, L, M, N

C K, M, L, N

D L, M, K, N

7

In the female's body, the uterus prepares for the arrival of a

fertilized egg during -

F homeostasis

G labor and delivery

H pregnancy

J the menstrual cycle

Elements and Compounds Power Point Questions Questions 19-26

Benedicts solution is used to test for simple sugars. The clear blue solution

was discovered by American chemist Stanley Rossiter Benedict. When Bendedict’s solution is added to a liquid and heated, the blue solution will

change to green, yellow or brick red, depending on the amount of sugar and length of time the solution was heated. If no sugar is present, the solution

remains blue.

19 What equipment is necessary when testing for the presence of sugar?

A thermometer, litmus paper, water, hot plate

B beaker, tongs, hot plate, water

C funnel, beaker, water

D microscope, dropper, slide, heat shield

20 What safety precautions should be observed when testing for the presence of sugar? (there are 2, circle them)

22

The chemical change in this

demonstration is MOST SIMILAR to_____________________________.

A freezing water on the surface of

a pond during winter.

B sunlight fading colors on clothes

C burning wood in a campfire

D shattering a windshield during a

hail storm

Magnesium (Mg) is a silvery white metal and is the eighth most abundant

element in the Earth’s crust. It is also the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body, essential for healthy nerve and bone functions.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) has man uses. It is used in medicines for heartburn relief, in fireworks and fertilizers, and is added to concrete to

absorb moisture.

Hayden’s teacher produced small amount of magnesium oxide during a classroom demonstration by attaching a thin strip of magnesium ribbon to

a ring stand and igniting the ribbon with a lighter. She did not look at the intense bright light to avoid possible eye damage from the ultraviolet light.

After several seconds, the magnesium strip burned through the entire length, leaving a white powdery substance behind.

23

What laboratory equipment is

essential for this demonstration?

F stop watch

G thermometer

H balance

J safety goggles

21 Which properties of magnesium make it desirable for use in fireworks?

F Magnesium is flammable and produces an extremely bright light when

ignited

G Magnesium absorbs moisture from the air as it burns, thus reducing the potential for fires.

H Magnesium is slow burning and produces long-lasting flashes of light.

J Magnesium powder that falls to the ground after a fireworks display is a beneficial plant fertilizer

24

What are the four elements

needed by plants and animals in the manufacture of protein?

A carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,

helium

B carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,

sodium

C carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium

D carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

nitrogen

26 What substance could be represented by the “X” in the diagram below?

A carbohydrates

B ozone

C carbon dioxide

D water

organic

compounds

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

proteins X DNA fats

25

Acetic acid is a compound found

in vinegar. The chemical formula for acetic acid is CH3COOH. How

many different elements are in acetic acid?

F 3

G 6

H 9

J 14

Elements of Life Power Point Questions Questions 25-30

25

Which element is found in

abundance in the human body, but is not found in abundance in

the Earth?

A oxygen

B carbon

C calcium

D silicon

26

Which element is found in

abundance, in both the human body and in the Earth?

F oxygen

G carbon

H calcium

J silicon

27

Which element has the ability to form straight chains, branched

chains, and rings because its atoms can form four covalent

bonds.

A carbon

B hydrogen

C nitrogen

D oxygen

28

Which of the following is an organic compound that provides

the basic form of fuel (energy) to living cells?

F glucose

G water

H sodium chloride

J oxygen gas

29 Scientists found four areas around a hydrothermal vent that they thought could

support life. The scientists took samples of the elements in the area?

Area Elements in the Area

Area 1 sulfur, hydrogen and plutonium

Area 2 carbon, hydrogen

Area 3 oxygen, helium, calcium

Area 4 nitrogen, potassium, xeon

Based on the data table, which area would have the BEST chance at having organic compounds?

A Area 1

B Area 2

C Area 3

D Area 4

30

Corn is an organic compound. What are the main elements

found in corn?

F carbon, sulfur, calcium

G carbon, magnesium, nitrogen

H carbon, nitrogen, sodium

J carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Physical and Chemical Changes Power Point Questions Questions 25-31

25

One example of a physical change is

A burning paper.

B baking cookies.

C the rusting of iron.

D mixing a milkshake.

26

Janet eats a slice of pizza for

dinner. What represents a physical change in the pizza?

F Saliva changing the starch in

the pizza crust to sugar.

G Teeth tearing off a bite of pizza.

H Chemicals in the stomach

digesting proteins.

J Breaking down of fats in the

pizza by bile from the liver.

Use the information below to answer the following questions

I Chewing and mixing of food with saliva II Movement of food through peristalsis

III Reaction of food with hydrochloric acid IV Interaction of food with bile

27

Which belongs in the left hand circle?

A II only

B I, III, IV

C III, IV

D IV only

28

Which of the following digestive processes will be found in the middle of the Venn diagram?

F I

G II

H III

J IV

chemical

change

physical

change

29

When 10 grams of sugar dissolve in a beaker of hot water, the resulting

solution represents a –

A chemical, irreversible change.

B physical, irreversible change.

C chemical, reversible change.

D physical, reversible change.

30

Which step in the digestive process

represents a chemical change in food?

F storing of swallowed food in the

stomach

G churning of food, liquids, and

digestive juices in the stomach.

H movement of food down the

esophagus to the stomach

J substances in the mouth and stomach breaking down fats and proteins.

31

Which of the following describes a physical change which occur during the digestive process?

A the partial breakdown of food in

the mouth by the saliva

B the breakdown of carbohydrates in the stomach by hydrochloric acid

C the changing of large fat

globules into smaller, simpler substances by the liver

D the change in shape of food as it is chewed

Transformation of Energy Through Digestion Questions 6-11

8

Digestion is a -

A reversible change of food

B physical change of food only

C chemical change of food only

D chemical and physical change of food

6

Energy stored in foods is _____; digested food releases ________

energy for movement and _____ energy as heat.

A chemical, mechanical,

thermal

B radiant, thermal, mechanical

C heat, mechanical, thermal

D mechanical, thermal,

chemical

7

Animals are consumers, meaning they need to eat food for energy,

because they can’t make their own. What energy

transformation is taking place when an animal eats food so

they can keep warm?

F mechanical to thermal

G mechanical to radiant

H chemical to thermal

J radiant to chemical

9

What kind of energy is stored in food?

F thermal

G chemical

H mechanical

J electrical

10

When a person eats too much food, they store the extra

energy as fat. What type of energy conversion is going on in

the body as energy from food is turned into fat?

A mechanical to thermal

B chemical to chemical

C thermal to chemical

D thermal to radiant

11

Which step in the digestive

process represents a chemical change in food?

F storing of swallowed food in

the stomach.

G churning of food, liquids and digestive juices in the

stomach.

H movement of food down the esophagus to the stomach.

J substances in the mouth and stomach breaking down fats

and proteins.

Glucose Model Questions 6-9

6

Which enzyme located in the mouth and small intestine helps

to break down carbohydrates?

F lipase

G amylase

H lactose

J glucose

8

Identify organs involved in breaking down carbohydrates

into sugars.

F pancreas, mouth, stomach

G large intestine, kidney, bladder

H mouth, trachea, stomach

J tongue, diaphragm, lungs

7

What kind of change results from

the breakdown of starch into glucose by saliva?

A mechanical

B physical

C chemical

D cyclical

9

Carbohydrates are large, complex molecules that can be

broken down into smaller molecules called ____________.

A fats

B energy

C vitamins

D sugars