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The Semantic WebWilliam M Baker
Today’s Topics
• Current State Of the Web• Characteristics Of the Semantic Web– Examples – Problems – Mechanics – Interoperation
• Current State Of the Semantic Web
Current State Of the Web
• 160 million websites– 600 billion documents– 56% English– 70% in the Deep Web
• Blogs and Wikis
• More than reading
Tim Berners-Lee
• Inventor of the World Wide Web
• Director of the 3W Consortium
• Named Greatest Living Genius
• Inventor of the Semantic Web
Tim Berners-Lee
• Semantic Web Definition – A project designed to create a universal medium
for all activity on the World Wide Web
• The current web is a document web
• The web of the future will be a data web
Semantic Web Examples• Personal
• Medical
• Research
• Financial
• Managerial
Problems
• The Accural System
Problems – Language
• Language – To be successful, the semantic web must enable
globalization.• More and more, countries are fighting the idea of
English being the language of the web• Moving to a data web may mean that SQL becomes the
language of the web
Problems – Security
• Data security issues will be minimized if users accept the concept that all elements of the data web must be encrypted.
• Privacy– HIPAA Continuum of Care
The Semantic Web
The Necessities
• XML
• RDF
• OWL
The Necessities – XML
• XML Ξ eXtensible Markup Language• Rules for defining elements of documents for
storage or for use on the Internet– There are thousands of rule sets in XML, including
XBRL– Two types:• Well-formed – conforms with all XML rules• Valid – conforms to XML and additional rule sets (that
are typically semantic), thus requiring XML Schema
The Necessities – RDF
• RDF Ξ Resource Description Framework• Standardized metadata modeling set– Uses triples, in subject-predicate-object form.– For example, This presentation has the color orange.
• Presentation is the subject.• Has the color is the predicate.• Orange is the object.
• Useful for both knowledge management and the semantic web.
The Necessities – OWL
• OWL Ξ Web Ontology Language• The family of accepted knowledge
representation languages for authoring ontologies
• An ontology is a model of some set of real-world concepts.
• In short, ontologies classify nouns, describe their attributes, and outline their interrelationships.
The Necessities – OWL
• Three versions of OWL are accepted by the W3 Consortium:– Owl Lite– OWL DL (which includes all of OWL Lite)– OWL Full (which includes all of OWL DL)
• As ontologies build up, their interrelationships are controlled by mediators
Business Applications (via B2B)Web Service Modeling Ontology
• (Requester)
• Describes Needs• Searches for Services• Selects Service• Interoperates
• (Provider)
• Describes Services• Advertises Services
• Interoperates
Elements of Interoperation
• Capability– Formal description of the functionality of the
service (desired and provided)
• Choreography– Interaction style• Specifies inputs and outputs
• Orchestration– How the service uses other services
The Required Levels of Interoperability
• Communication Interoperability• All necessary data are precisely defined
• Syntactic Interoperability• Multiple software components can interact regardless
of languages, operating systems, and any/all other technological concerns
• Semantic Interoperability– Most important and most difficult to achieve• Knowledge-driven ability to overcome differences in
perceptions, assumptions, perspectives, and meanings
The Semantic Web – When?
The Semantic Web – When?
• Using rules, queries, and logic to establish the achievement of all three levels of interoperability results in proof.
• Proof, combined with encryption (and digital signatures) results in trust.
• Then, the fun begins…
The Result: E-Commerce Redefined
• Change will come very quickly• Legacy B2B Relationships– Long-term– Highly Defined– Tightly Coupled
• Modern B2B Relationships– Undefined (usually short-) term– Casual– Complex
Current State Of the Semantic Web
• Seven to nine million documents– Most common RDF• Dublin Core (1,500,000 Occurrences)
– Most Common OWL• FOAF (650,000 Occurrences)
• Resources– Semanticweb.org– “Business Tools: The Next Quantum Leap” (cover
story of Strategic Finance, January, 2010)
It’s All About Revenue
• EDI & E-Commerce
• Outsource via Allowance– Yahoo BOSS
• Ads– Blogs– Facebook