Sec’y of Labor Joins Chorus Against Strikes

THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

Vol. 27 - No. 6 Monday, February 11, 1963 Price 10c

Arrogant Kennedy Line Tumbles Canadian Gov't

M ili ta n t P ho to b y Ja ck A rn o ld

IN C A P IT A L O F “ F R E E W O R L D .” W ashington, D .C ., cops search R obert F ra n k lin , one of 16 arrested w h ile p icke tin g A n t i-D e fa m a ­tio n League d in n er w h ich gave “ dem ocratic legacy” a w a rd to P resident K en n ed y . T h e o n ly N egro arrested , F ra n k lin w as o n ly one searched by police. P ickets w ere h au led in fo r ch anting slogans. T h e y w e re p ro testing K e n n ed y ad m in is tra tio n ’s persecu­tion of new sm an W ill ia m W o rth y . See story , page 8.

Clyde Kennard, Fatally Ill, Released From Miss. Jail

By Robert Shann

B y G eorge L ava n

P resident K en ne dy ’s a ttem p t to Jam nu c le a r warheads dow n Can­ada’s th ro a t has caused the do w n­fa l l o f P rim e M in is te r D ie fe n - ba ke r’s governm ent. N a tion a l elec­tions scheduled fo r A p r i l w i l l cen­te r a round tw o issues: acceptance o r re je c tio n o f nuc lea r arm s and Canada’s r ig h t to govern its e lf w ith o u t U.S. in te rfe rence .

T hough va rious W ashington flu n k ie s , in c lu d in g Secre tary o f S tate Rusk, are f u l f i l l in g the tim e-honored ob lig a tio n o f un d e r­lings to absolve the ch ie f o f re ­s p o n s ib ility fo r u n po pu la r acts, U.S. in te rfe ren ce in Canada’s dom estic p o litic s was p re v io us ly okayed by the W h ite House. In ­deed, i t is a consistent p a rt o f the “ ge t-to ugh ” p o licy w h ich K ennedy has in s titu te d a fte r h is “ g lo rious v ic to ry ” in the Cuban crisis.

Washington’s PlanK en ne dy ’s bu lld o z in g o f the

o the r c a p ita lis t na tions in to the econom ic and m il i ta r y positions assigned to them in W ash ing ton ’s o ve ra ll p lan fo r W o rld W ar I I I m et w ith in it ia l success in the S k y b o lt show dow n w ith B r ita in . Since then i t has had setbacks: 1) F rench re fusa l o f P o la ris sub­m arine m issiles and re jec tio n o f B r ita in ’s e n try in to the Common M a rk e t; 2) now Canada’s res is t­ance to ta k in g nuc lea r warheads and m a k in g its a rm ed forces a sub s id ia ry b ranch o f the Pentagon.

U.S. in te rfe ren ce in the Ca­nad ian p a rlia m e n t’s w ra ng le over defense p o licy took the fo rm o f a State D e pa rtm en t press release co n tra d ic tin g statem ents made by Canadian P rim e M in is te r D ie fen - bake r and back ing up argum ents used b y O pposition leader Lester Pearson, c r it ic o f ' D ie fen bake r’s de lay in f in a l acceptance o f U.S. supp lied nuc lea r warheads.

Outside InterferenceTo emphasize the unusua l cha r­

acte r o f the State D e pa rtm en t ac­tion , its press release was g iven to the Canadian Am bassador in W ash ing ton o n ly a h a lf h o u r be­fo re i t was g iven to the press in W ashington and in the Canadian cap ita l w here the p a rlia m e n ta ry debate was rag ing.

So a rro ga n t was th is a ttem p t to in flue nce the strugg le in p a r lia ­m en t th a t even its in tended bene­fic ia ry , L ib e ra l P a rty leader P ear­son, had to jo in in denouncing i t as outside in te rfe rence . As he d id so D ie fenbake r taunted h im w ith questions abou t h is co llabora tion w ith W ashington and “ W hen are you go ing back fo r fu r th e r in ­s truc tions?”

T. C. Douglas, leader o f Can­ada’s New D em ocratic P a rty , w h ich is based on the trade u n ­ions, denounced the U.S. action as “ u n w a rra n ted and unprecedented in te rfe rence in the in te rn a l a ffa irs o f Canada.” To cries fro m the deputies o f “ Hear, hear,” he add­ed:

“ I th in k the govern m en t o f the U n ite d States should know fro m th is P a rlia m e n t th a t they are no t dea ling w ith G uatem ala, w here in 1954 the S tate D epa rtm en t had a substan tia l hand in th ro w in g ou t the A rbenz governm ent; n o r are they dea ling w ith Cuba, w here in 1961 they prom oted, financed and m ounted an invas ion o f th a t cou n try w h ic h was an inexcusable

Rusk

in te rfe ren ce in the a ffa irs o f an­o th e r m em ber o f the O rgan iza tion o f A m e rica n States, an action w h ich , I m ay say, was in m y op in ion taken fo r no o the r reason than to m ake the w o r ld safe fo r the U n ited F r u it Co. and the S tandard O il Co. in o rd e r th a t the la tte r m ig h t con tinue th e ir po lic ies o f com m erc ia l e x p lo ita ­tio n .”

Because o f the ra p id takeover o f the C anadian econom y in the past tw o decades b y U.S. b ig business, there is w id e po pu la r opposition to U.S. a ttem pts to ru n Canada’s p o lit ic a l life . C onsequently a ll fo u r m a jo r parties in the cou n try denounce (a t least fo r the reco rd ) U.S. in te rfe rence . B u t a l l three ca p ita lis t pa rties are com m itted o r com prom ised on accepting nuc lea r arm s— D ife n b a ke r’s posi­t io n was n o t th a t o f re je c tin g b u t de lay ing on acceptance. O n ly the N ew D em ocratic P a rty , the la b o r p a rty , is opposed to nuc lea r a rm a­m en t and to testing.

N icaragua, “ a lly fo r progress” o f W ashing ton, he ld another phony e lection Jan. 3. L e f t untouched by the resu lt was the Somoza fa m ily d ic ta to rsh ip , w h ic h had staged the w ho le show. T h is 30 -yea r-o ld d ic ­ta to rsh ip is the he ritage o f the C e n tra l A m erican c o u n try ’s oc­cupation by the U.S. M arines. O f­f ic ia l e lection re tu rn s haven’t been announced ye t b u t i t doesn’t m ake any d iffe rence since the Somozas’ ha nd -p icke d candidate, Rene Schick, fo rm e r secre ta ry o f A nastasio Somoza Sr., had o n ly token opposition.

T h is was supposed to have been N icaragua ’s f i r s t e lection by secret ba llo t. Specia l pains w ere taken to make th is e lection look good because P res iden t K ennedy is scheduled to m eet w ith the p res i­dents o f the C e n tra l A m erican “ rep ub lics ” and Panam a n e x t m on th to w o rk ou t plans against Cuba. I t w i l l fa c il ita te th in gs fo r K ennedy ’s propagandists and

By F red H alsteadFEB. 4 — A speech by Secre tary

o f La bo r W . W illa rd W ir tz las t week before the N a tion a l Academ y o f A rb itra to rs in Chicago provides a revea ling sum m ary o f the a t t i­tude o f the K ennedy a d m in is tra ­tio n tow a rd labo r. The m a in p o in t in the speech was a po in ted th re a t th a t “ an aroused p u b lic ” w i l l de­m and com pulsory a rb itra t io n o f la bo r disputes i f the present wave o f s trikes continues.

W ir tz ’s speech is its e lf p a rt o f a concerted propaganda cam paign by the a d m in is tra tion , congress­men and the news m edia to create an a n t i-s tr ik e atm osphere. I t is aim ed a t b r in g in g abou t new a n t i­s tr ik e le g is la tio n and fr ig h te n in g la b o r o ff ic ia ls fro m using the s tr ik e weapon.

W ir tz declared th a t the cou n try is close to a “ la b o r c ris is ” com­parab le to the s tr ik e waves a fte r the tw o W o rld W ars and in the 1930s. W hat W ir tz fa ile d to m en­tion , however, was th a t the cu rre n t w ave o f s tr ikes is the resu lt o f an em p loyer o ffens ive — in v o lv in g cuts in jo b secu rity and the use o f au tom ation as a weapon against the w orkers . I t has been go ing on fo r some tim e and has f in a lly en­countered some serious resistance fro m ce rta in sections o f the w o rk ­ers and even fro m a few un ion leaders.

The East Coast longshore s trike , fo r exam ple, was caused d ire c t ly by the insistence o f the em p loy­ers on c u ttin g w o rk gangs under cond itions w here there are a lready m ore longshorem en than jobs. The P h ila d e lp h ia tra n s it s tr ik e was caused by the em p lo ye r’s dem and th a t a n o - la y o ff clause be rem oved fro m the con tract. The New Y o rk newspaper s tr ik e is caused by the fa c t th a t the p r in te rs face a pe­r io d o f d ras tic techno log ica l change and the pub lishe rs have refused to recognize the u n io n ’s r ig h t and pow er to ba rga in on these changes.

S im ila r a ttem pts to cu t aw ay at la bo r’s pos ition are beh ind the disputes in aerospace, ra ilroa d , and in the K e n tu c k y coal m ines. The c u ttin g aw ay process is also ev ide n t in areas w here un ions have so fa r o ffe red l i t t le o r no res is t­ance — such as in steel, auto, rubbe r, packinghouse and g a r­m ent.

I f the o ffens ive continues, m ore pressure fro m the ranks fo r s trikes o f resistance can be expected. U nde r these cond itions, W irtz threatens “ bo th la bo r and m an­agem ent” w ith a n t i-s tr ik e leg is la ­tion . I t ’s lik e a cop, seeing a m ug ­ger and his v ic t im fig h tin g , te ll in g the tw o th a t i f they don ’t stop punch ing he w i l l h a n d cu ff the v ic ­tim .

apologists i f i t can be c la im ed tha t N icaragua is easing its b ru ta l d ic ­ta to rsh ip .

The Somozas subsid ize an “ op­po s ition ” p a rty to th e ir ow n o f­f ic ia l L ib e ra l P a rty so th a t there w i l l be e lection “ contests.” T h is tim e, in add ition , a rea l opposition candidacy was attem pted by D r. F rancisco A guero, a conservative opposed to the Somoza fa m ily ’s f la g ra n t g ra ft and h a b it o f m u r ­de ring p o lit ic a l c ritics .

B u t s h o rtly before the cam paign began, a broadcast censorship la w was “ passed” and a sta tion th a t had p e rm itte d some m ild ly a n ti- Somoza statem ents was penalized. Then i t was revealed th a t the “ secret b a llo t” w o u ld no t be so secret b u t th a t L ib e ra l P a rty p o ll w atchers cou ld te ll w ho were v o tin g against the Somozas’ can­didate.

A ttendance at L ib e ra l P a rty ra l­lies was rec ru ited b y g iv in g w o rk -

( C ontinued on Page 5)

C lyde K e n n a rd is free — re ­leased b y G ove rn o r Ross B a rn e tt so th a t he w o u ld n ’t d ie o f cancer in a M iss iss ipp i ja i l . T he 35 -yea r- o ld fra m e -u p v ic t im ’s release was b ro u g h t about b y the cam paign waged on h is b e ha lf by the S tu ­den t N o n v io le n t C o -o rd in a tin g C om m ittee.

“ N o w th a t he can a c tu a lly get m ed ica l care, I fee l b e tte r,” said M rs. Sara A . T a rp le y o f Chicago, K e n n a rd ’s sister. “ M o th e r was th r i l le d w hen I ta lke d to he r on the phone. A n d I ’m w a lk in g on a ir .”

K e n n a rd ’s c rim e was th a t he app lied fo r adm ission to the U n i­v e rs ity o f S ou thern M iss iss ipp i in 1959. T h a t was three years before the sending o f fede ra l troops to enforce adm ission to James H. M e re d ith a t the U n iv e rs ity o f M is ­sissipp i b roke the co lo r b a r in tha t state’s un ive rs ities .

M iss iss ipp i o ff ic ia ls f ir s t t r ie d to bu y K e n n a rd o f f b y o ffe r in g h im a scho la rsh ip to any N o rth e rn college o r u n iv e rs ity . T h a t fa ilin g , they tw ice re jec ted h is app lica ­tio n to USM . F in a lly , the y fram ed h im as the m aste rm ind o f a th e ft o f $25 w o rth o f ch icken feed and gave h im the m a x im u m sentence o f seven years. K e n n a rd has served tw o years and three m onths o f th a t sentence.

K e n n a rd ’s hero ic b u t trag ic f ig h t began in 1955 w hen he had to re tu rn fro m th ree years at the U n iv e rs ity o f Chicago to h is fa m ­i l y ’s fa rm near H a ttiesbu rg , Miss., because o f h is s tep fa th e r’s death. To com plete h is education he ap­p lied fo r adm ission to U S M w h ich is near h is home.

K e n n a rd ’s s is te r has gone sev­e ra l thousand do lla rs in to debt to pay o f f loans on the fa rm w h ich has fa lle n in to disuse since he r b ro th e r ’s im p risonm en t. K en na rd w i l l now spend some tim e w ith

his m o the r on the f a r m before en te rin g a Veterans A d m in is tra ­tio n hosp ita l in Jackson.

M an y m en d ie in the prisons o f th is cou n try w ith o u t adequate m ed ica l care. C lyde K e n n a rd ’s re ­lease can in no w ay be a ttr ib u te d to the h u m a n ita r ia n fee lings o f M iss iss ipp i’s rac is t o ff ic ia ls . F u ll c re d it m ust go to the p u b lic pres­sure fo r h is release generated by the cam paign ca rried on b y the S tuden t N o n v io le n t C o -o rd in a tin g C om m ittee.

Meredith Decision Setback to Racists

The decision o f James H . M ere ­d ith to re tu rn to the U n iv e rs ity o f M iss iss ipp i fo r the sp rin g semester is a b lo w to the rac is ts w ho coun t­ed on fo rc in g h im out. “ I see signs th a t g ive me hope th a t I w i l l be ab le to go to school in the fu tu re , under adequate, i f n o t idea l con­d ition s ,” he said. M e re d ith has been fo rced to s tudy in an atm os­phere o f socia l iso la tio n and harassm ent.

W hen he was asked i f he tho ugh t he w o u ld be in personal danger w h ile co n tin u in g his s tu ­dies a t the u n iv e rs ity , M e re d ith rep lie d th a t “ Negroes in M iss iss ip ­p i gene ra lly a lw ays are in dan­ger.”

W h ile M e re d ith was being reg istered, U o f M o ffic ia ls tu rne d dow n the ap p lica tio n o f another Negro, D ew ey R. G reene. They said he “ fa ile d to m eet q u a lif ic a ­tions.” G reene w e n t to the fed e ra l co u rt b u t was to ld b y i t on Feb. 4 to appeal h is case f ir s t to h igh e r u n iv e rs ity o ffic ia ls .

Clem son College has become the f i r s t in teg ra ted school in South C a ro lina w ith the adm ission th is te rm o f 20 -yea r-o ld H a rv e y G antt.

'Alliance-for-Progress' Thugs Stage Rigged Nicaragua Vote

B y W il l ia m B u n d y

Page Two THE M IL IT A N T Monday, February 11, 1963

C H IN A 'S REPLY TO CRITICS, PART II I i i i i i im i . i i i im m it i i im m i i i t i i im iM tm im t i i im i iim m m iiu im m it r i i i i i m i iu i i i i i i i i i i i ' i i itm m im m m ii i i m u lin i i :i 11 ti i < 1111 in* * ; i 11111 n - : 11 n M1111 i 11111 -11 • 111111111111H M1111 (111.111111111111 !. M11111111 u 1111M1: 1111111

Peking Presses for Isolation of YugoslaviaThis is the last of three install­

ments comprising the complete tex t of an editorial from the Dec. 31, 1962, Peking People’s D a ily entitled, “The Differences Between Comrade Toglia tti and Us.”

R ecently in ca p ita lis t countries, some C om m unists w ho have de­generated p o lit ic a lly and some r ig h t-w in g socia l-dem ocrats have successive ly advertised the theory o f “ s tru c tu ra l re fo rm ,” us ing i t to a tta ck C om m unist parties. T h is fa c t in its e lf is s u ff ic ie n t to show h o w closely the the o ry o f “ s truc ­tu ra l re fo rm ” resembles socia l- dem ocracy and how rem ote i t is f ro m M a rx is m -L e n in is m .

The M oscow D ec la ra tion and the M oscow S ta tem ent p o in t ou t th a t S ocia lis t re v o lu tio n m ay be re a l­ized th rou gh peacefu l o r non­peace fu l means. Some people have t r ie d in va in to use th is thesis to ju s t i fy the the o ry o f “ s tru c tu ra l re fo rm .” I t is also erroneous to quote peacefu l tra n s itio n one- s id ed ly as “ a p r in c ip le o f w o r ld s tra teg y o f the C om m unis t m ove­m en t.” F ro m the M a rx is t-L e n in is t p o in t o f v ie w , i t w o u ld n a tu ra lly be in the in te rests o f the p ro le ­ta r ia t and a l l the people i f peace­f u l tra n s itio n cou ld be rea lized.

W henever the p o s s ib ility fo r peacefu l tra n s itio n appears in a g ive n coun try , the Com m unists should s tr iv e fo r its rea liza tion . A f te r a ll, p o s s ib ility and re a lity , the w ish and its fu lf i l lm e n t, are two d iffe re n t th ings. H ith e rto , h is ­to ry has no t w itnessed a single exam ple o f peace fu l tra n s itio n f ro m cap ita lism to socialism . Com ­m un is ts should n o t p in a ll th e ir hopes fo r the v ic to ry o f the re v ­o lu tio n on peacefu l tra n s itio n . The bourgeoisie w i l l never step dow n fro m the stage o f h is to ry o f its own accord. T h is is a un ive rsa l law of class struggle.

C om m unists m us t no t in the s ligh tes t degree re la x th e ir p re ­paredness fo r re vo lu tio n . They m us t be prepared to repe l the as­sau lts o f co u n te r-re v o lu tio n and to o v e rth ro w the bourgeoisie by a rm ed fo rce a t the c r it ic a l ju n c ­tu re o f the re v o lu tio n w hen the p ro le ta r ia t is seizing state pow er and the bourgeoisie resorts to arm ed force to suppress the re v ­o lu tio n ; th a t is to say, Com m unists shou ld be prepared to em ploy d u a l tactics, nam ely, w h ile p re ­p a rin g fo r the peacefu l develop­m en t o f the revo lu tio n , they should be fu l ly p repared fo r its non-peace fu l developm ent.

O n ly in th is w a y can the y avo id be ing caught unaw ares w hen a s itu a tio n favo ra b le to the re v o lu ­t io n emerges, and w hen the b o u r­geoisie resorts to v io lence in o r­de r to suppress the revo lu tio n .

D ETROITW eekend Socialist Seminar on M arx­

ism in Today 's W o r ld . Fri., Feb. 15, 8 p .m ., The Fight Against W a r . Speaker, Jack Barnes. Sat'., Feb. 16, 10 a .m .-12 noon, Marxism, the W orking Class and ‘New Left1 C ritics. Discussion leader, Evelyn Sell. 1-3 p.m ., O u tlin e of Marxist Economics, by Jack Barnes. 3 :30-5:30 p.m., The M ajor Radical Parties — W h y C a n 't they G e t Together? by Peter A l­lan. Sun., Feb. 17, 10 a .m .-12 noon,M arxist Economics and C urrent State of W o rld C apitalism , b y John Pederson. 1-3 p .m ., Social Roots of Fascism, by H a rr ie t Talan. 3:30-'5:30 p.m ., Socialism and the N egro Struggle, by Robert H im m el. Sat. N igh t, a p a rty fe a tu rin g Mid-Eastern (U S A ) Music. C o n tr ib . $1 fo r e n tire weekend o r 25c per session. A l l events a t 3737 W oodw ard . Ausp. Friday N ig h t S o c ia lis t Forum, S o c ia lis t W orke rs Party and Y oung S o c ia lis t A l-

N E W YO R K Behind the China-lndia Border Dis­

pute — A n analysis b y Tim W ohlforth ,c o n tr ib u to r to In te rn a tio n a l S o c ia lis t Re­view. Fri., Feb. 15, 8:30 p.m . 116 Univer­sity Place. C o n tr ib . $1 (s tudents, 5 0c ). A usp . M i li ta n t L a b o r Forum .

Even w hen i t is possible to secure state pow er th rou gh peace­fu l means, one m ust be prepared to deal im m e d ia te ly w ith arm ed in te rv e n tio n by fo re ign im p e r ia l­ists and w ith c o u n te r-re v o lu tio n ­a ry arm ed rebe llions supported by the im peria lis ts .

C om m unists should concentrate th e ir a tten tion on the accum ula­tio n o f re v o lu tio n a ry strength th rough pa ins tak ing e ffo rts and m ust be ready to f ig h t back against arm ed attacks by the bouregoisie w henever necessary. They should no t la y one-sided stress on peacefu l tra n s itio n and concentrate th e ir a tten tion on th a t p o ss ib ility ; o therw ise they are bound to benum b the re v o lu tio n ­a ry w i l l o f the p ro le ta r ia t, d is ­a rm themselves ideo log ica lly , be u tte r ly passive and unprepared p o lit ic a lly and o rgan iza tiona lly , and end u p by b u ry in g the cause o f the p ro le ta ria n re vo lu tion .

The thesis o f Com rade T o g lia tt i and certa in o the r C P I leaders con­cern ing “ the advance tow a rd so­c ia lism in dem ocracy and in peace” is rem in iscen t o f some o f the statem ents o f the o ld re v i­s ion ist K . K au tsky . K a u tsky , m ore than 40 years ago, said:

“ I an tic ipa te . . . th a t i t w i l l be possible to ca rry i t (the social re v o lu tio n o f the p ro le ta r ia t) ou t b y peaceful, economic, legal, and m o ra l means, instead o f b y phys­ica l force, in a l l places w here dem ocracy has been established.” (The D ic ta to rsh ip o f the P ro le ­ta r ia t by K . K au tsky , 1918.)

Should Com m unists n o t d ra w a c lear lin e o f demar cation between themselves and such soc ia l-dem - ocrats as K au tsky?

The Moscow StatementThe ex te n t to w h ic h Com rade

T o g lia tt i and certa in o ther com ­rades have departed fro m M a rx ­ism -L e n in ism and fro m the M os­cow D ec la ra tion and the M oscow S tatem ent is m ore c le a rly revealed by th e ir a rden t f l ir ta t io n w ith the Y ugoslav re v is io n is t group.

A representa tive o f the T ito group, renegades fro m M a rx is m - Len in ism , was in v ite d to the re ­cent congress o f the Ita lia n Com ­m un is t P a rty and was g iven a p la tfo rm fro m w h ich to denounce C hina. A t the same congress, Com rade T o g lia tt i and ce rta in o the r comrades p u b lic ly defended the T ito group and la v is h ly praised them fo r “ the va lue o f w h a t they have done and are do ing.”

We w ish to ask of Com rade T o g lia tt i and ce rta in o th e r com ­rades: “ Do you s t i l l recognize the Moscow S tatem ent as b in d in g on you?” The 1960 M oscow S tate­m en t declares un eq u ivo ca lly :

“ The C om m unis t P arties have un an im ou s ly condem ned the Y ugos lav v a r ie ty o f in te rn a tio n a l opportun ism , a v a r ie ty o f m od­ern re v is io n is t ‘theories ’ in con­centra ted fo rm . A f te r be tra y in g M a rx ism -L e n in ism , w h ic h they te rm ed obsolete, the leaders o f the League o f Y ugoslav Com ­m un is ts opposed th e ir a n t i- L e n in is t re v is io n is t p rogram to the 1957 D ec la ra tion ; they set the League o f Y ugoslav Com ­m un is ts against the in te rn a tio n a l C om m unis t m ovem ent as a w ho le .”

Can i t be th a t th is condem na­tio n o f the T ito group is a m is ­take? Is the reso lu tion w h ic h was unan im ou s ly adopted b y the Com ­m u n is t P arties o f a l l countries to be th ro w n ove rboard a t the w h im or w i l l o f any in d iv id u a l o r in ­d iv idua ls? A f te r a ll, facts are facts and renegades fro m com m unism rem a in renegades fro m com m u­nism . The ju d g m e n t a rr iv e d a t in the M oscow S ta tem ent cannot be ove rtu rne d by anyone, w hoever he m ay be.

F a r fro m g iv in g up th e ir th o r ­ough ly re v is io n is t program , the T ito ite s have stuck to i t in the d ra ft o f the Yugoslav C o ns titu tio n w h ich the y pub lished n o t long ago.

The T ito group has n o t changed its “ un iq ue road” o f b u ild in g “ so­c ia lism ” by se lling its e lf to im ­pe ria lism .

On the con tra ry , i t is w o rk in g ha rde r and ha rde r in the service o f the U.S. im p e ria lis t po lic ies of aggression and w a r. Recently, U.S. im p e ria lism tipped the T ito group w ith ex tra “ a id ” am oun ting to m ore than $100 m illio n . U nde r the same old cam ouflage o f “ be ing outside blocs” and o f “ pos itive co-existence” the T ito group is do ing e ve ry th in g i t can to sabotage the n a tion a l and dem ocra tic m ove­m ents o f the peoples o f Asia, A f ­rica , and L a tin A m erica , and to unde rm ine the u n ity of the socia l­is t cam p and o f a ll peace-lov ing countries.

W ith the developm ent o f the T ito g roup ’s re v is io n is t lin e and th e ir increasing dependence upon U.S. im p e ria lism , Y ugoslav ia has long ceased to be a S ocia lis t coun­t r y and the g radua l res to ra tion of cap ita lism in Y ugoslav ia began long ago. T h is res to ra tion o f cap­ita lis m in Y ugoslav ia has occurred no t th rou gh any c o u n te r-re v o lu ­tio n a ry coup d ’eta t by the b o u r­geoisie, nor th rough any invasion b y im p e ria lism , b u t g ra du a lly , th rou gh the degeneration o f the T ito group. In th is connection, as Le n in po in ted ou t long ago, “ The m a in Question o f every re vo lu tio n is, undoub ted ly , the question of state power. In the hands o f w h ich class po w e r is — th is decides ev­e ry th in g .”

The cha racter o f a state depends on w h a t class w ie ld s state power and on w h a t p o licy i t ca rries out. In Yugoslav ia today state pow er is in the hands o f the T ito group, a group w h ich has betrayed M a rx is m -L e n in is m and the cause o f com m unism , be trayed the fu n ­dam en ta l in te rests o f the Yugos­la v w o rk in g class and the Yugos­la v people, and w h ic h is en fo rc ing a w ho le set o f o u t-a n d -o u t r e v i­s ion ist po lic ies.

In the Y ugoslav countrys ide, the r ic h peasant and o ther c a p ita lis t forces are ra p id ly grow ing , and class d iffe re n tia tio n is be ing ac­celerated. The ca p ita lis t law s of free com petition and o f p ro f i t p lay the do m in an t ro le in a l l spheres of Y ugoslav econom ic life , and cap­ita l is t anarchy is ram pan t.

Im peria list AppraisalI t m ay no t be u n p ro fita b le to

lis ten to w h a t the im p e ria lis ts have to say in th e ir appra isa l o f the T ito group. The U n ite d States im p e ria lis ts have likened the T ito group to a “ be llw e th e r,” th a t is to say, they a im a t indu c ing certa in S ocia lis t countries to leave the S ocia lis t cam p and en te r K e n ­nedy’s “ com m u n ity o f the Free W o r ld ” th ro u g h the in flue nce o f the Y ugoslav rev is ion is ts .

The Y ugoslav exam ple m akes i t c lear th a t the strugg le between the socia lis t and the c a p ita lis t roads is s t i l l go ing on and th a t the danger o f the res to ra tion o f cap ita lism continues to e x is t even in a coun­t r y w h ic h has em barked on the road o f socialism .

T he phenom ena o f p o lit ic a l de­generation and o f the emergence o f new bourgeois elem ents a fte r the v ic to ry o f a p ro le ta r ia n re v ­o lu tio n are n o t d i f f ic u lt to un de r­stand. L e n in once said tha t, h is ­to r ic a lly , va rious k in d s o f degen­e ra tion had occurred and tha t, in g iven cond itions, i t was possible fo r a h a n d fu l o f new bourgeois elem ents to emerge fro m among S oviet func tiona ries . I t is precise­ly the new bourgeois elements, such as L e n in re fe rre d to, w ho have occupied the ru l in g positions in Yugoslavia .

In h is conc lud ing speech Com ­rade T o g lia tt i said: “ W hen you say th a t cap ita lism has been re ­stored in Y ugos lav ia — and ev­e rybody know s th a t th is is no t tru e — nobody believes the rest o f w h a t you say, and everyone th in k s th a t i t is .a ll s im p ly an

T IT O , K H R U S H C H E V A N D B U L G A N IN . Chinese leaders, b it te r ly hostile to th e T ito reg im e, h u r l v itu p e ra tio n at K h ru sh ch ev fo r re -es tab lish in g fr ie n d ly re la tions w ith the Y ugoslav g overnm ent, and assert th a t a process o f cap ita lis t resto ration is ta k in g place in Y ugoslav ia.

exagera tion .” He seemed to th in k th is a com plete re fu ta tio n o f the M a rx is t-L e n in is t Iheses o f the Chinese C om m unis t P a rty . B u t soph is try does no t a lte r the tru th . T he o n ly reason advanced in sup­p o rt o f the a rb it ra ry assertion th a t Y ugoslav ia is a S oc ia lis t coun­t r y was th a t one cou ld no t f in d a s ing le c a p ita lis t there.

Togliatti et alI t is a lw ays hard fo r people to

see the t ru th w hen they w ear colored glasses. Since the re are m any po in ts o f s im ila r ity between T o g lia tt i et a l and the T ito group in th e ir unde rs tand ing o f p ro le ­ta r ia n re vo lu tio n , p ro le ta r ia n d ic ­ta to rsh ip and socialism , i t is sm all w onder th a t they fa i l to see the res to ra tion o f cap ita lism in Y ug o ­slav ia , and th a t they fa i l to see the new bourgeois elem ents in Y ugoslavia .

I t is p a r t ic u la r ly su rp ris in g th a t ce rta in people, w h ile lo u d ly boast­in g o f th e ir in tim a te re la tio ns w ith the renegade T ito group, v ig o r­ously a ttack the Chinese C om m u­n is t P a rty , asserting th a t ou r u n ity w ith the A lb a n ia n W orke rs P a rty , w h ich is based on M a rx is m -L e n in ­ism , is “ im perm iss ib le .”

These people stop a t no th in g in th e ir a ttem p t to e jec t the A lb a n ia n W orkers P a rty , a M a rx is t-L e n in is t pa rty , fro m the in te rn a tio n a l Com ­m un is t m ovem ent, and a t the same tim e, the y are seeking w ays to in je c t the renegade T ito group in to the in te rn a tio n a l C om m unist m ovem ent.

W ha t are the y re a lly a fte r? As the o ld Chinese saying has it, “ L ik e goes w ith lik e and un likes p u ll asunder.” Should no t those w ho tre a t the T ito group lik e b ro thers and w ho cherish such b it te r ha tred fo r a fra te rn a l M a rx ­is t-L e n in is t p a rty stop and th in k fo r a m om ent w here th e y now stand?

In the f in a l analysis, ou r d i f ­ferences on a w ho le series o f p ro b ­lem s w ith Com rade T o g lia tt i and ce rta in o the r comrades w ho ho ld s im ila r v iew s invo lves the fu n ­dam en ta l question o f w h e the r the basic p rinc ip le s o f M a rx is m - L e n in ism are outm oded, and w h e the r the M oscow D ec la ra tion and the M oscow S tatem ent are o u i o f date.

U sing the p re te x t th a t the epoch has changed and th a t na tions have specia l characteristics, C om ­rade T o g lia tt i and ce rta in o ther comrades ho ld th a t M a rx is m -L e ­n in is m is “ outm oded” and th a t the com m on law s gove rn ing Socia lis t re vo lu tio n , as set fo r th in the M oscow D ec la ra tion , do n o t app ly to Ita ly .

G ian C arlo P a je tta , one o f the leaders o f the Ita lia n C om m unis t P a rty , has gone even fu r th e r , he

has said: “ M a rx is m is d iffe re n t fro m Len in ism , and the M a rx is m o f M a rx is d iffe re n t fro m the L e n in ism o f Len in .

I t is on such p re tex ts th a t they have rev ised and discarded the basic p rinc ip le s o f M a rx is m -L e - n in ism , and have p u t fo rw a rd and are pe dd lin g w h a t they c a ll the “ Ita lia n road,” w h ich is c o n tra ry to M a rx ism -L e n in ism .

S c ie n tific socia lism founded b y M a rx and Engels is a sum m ing -u p o f the law s gove rn ing the deve l­opm ent o f hum an society and o f t ru th th a t is u n iv e rs a lly app lica ­ble. The developm ent o f h is to ry , fa r fro m “ ou tm o d ing ” M a rx ism , has con tinued to p rove its bound­less v ita l ity . M a rx is m has co n tin u ­ously developed in the course o f the s trugg le o f the in te rn a tio n a l p ro le ta r ia t to kn o w and to change the ob je c tive w o rld .

New Historical ConditionsO n the basis o f the cha rac te r­

is tics o f the epoch o f im p e ria lism , L e n in C reative ly developed M a rx ­ism in the new h is to r ic a l con d i­tions. In the years fo llo w in g h is death, the p ro le ta r ia n pa rties o f va rious countries en riched the treasu ry o f M a rx is m -L e n in is m by th e ir ow n re v o lu tio n a ry struggles. Nevertheless, a l l these new deve l­opm ents proceeded fro m the basic p rin c ip le s o f M a rx is m -L e n in is m , and d e fin ite ly d id no t de pa rt fro m these basic p rinc ip les .

The pa th o f the O ctober R ev­o lu tio n charted by L e n in , and the com m on law s govern ing S ocia lis t re v o lu tio n and S ocia lis t construc­t io n as set fo r th in the M oscow D ec la ra tion o f 1957, are the com ­m on pa th a long w h ic h the peoples o f the w o r ld are advancing tow a rd the a b o litio n o f cap ita lism and the estab lishm ent o f socia lism . In sp ite o f the g reat changes in the w o r ld since the O ctober R e vo lu ­tion , the basic p rin c ip le s o f M a rx ­ism -L en in ism , w h ic h are il lu s t ra t ­ed by the pa th o f the O ctober R ev­o lu tio n , shine fo r th today w ith ever grea te r b r illia n c e .

In de fend ing h is erroneous p o in t o f v iew , T o g lia tt i said th a t the lin e pursued b y the Chinese Com ­m un is t P a rty “ a c tu a lly d id n o t correspond to the s tra teg ic and tac tica l lin e pursued, fo r exam ple, b y the B o lshev iks in the course o f the re v o lu tio n fro m M a rch to O ctober (1917).” T h is d e fin ite ly does n o t con fo rm to the h is to r ic a l re a lity o f the Chinese R evo lu tion .

In its long re v o lu tio n a ry s tru g ­gle, in its s trugg le against dog­m atism and e m p iric ism as w e ll as against “ le f t ” and r ig h t op po rtu n ­ism , the Chinese C om m unis t P a r­ty unde r the leadersh ip o f Com ­rade M ao T se -tun g has c re a tiv e ly

(Continued on Page 4)

Monday, February 11, 1963 THE M IL IT A N T Page Three

B O O K R E V I E W

Delinquency Problem: How to Reach Cops?

F R A N K S A N T A N A , young N e w Y o rk P u erto R ican, w as sentenced to 25 years in ja il on charge of m u rd er w hen neighborhood gang r iv a lry brought death of another teen -ager. T h e m ean ing of the case, in social term s, w as v iv id ly explo red by Joyce C o w ley in a pam phlet en title d , “ T h e S antana Case— Trag ed y of a P u erto R ican Y o u th .” I t ’s av a ilab le fro m P ioneer P ublishers at ten cents a copy.

A l l T h e W a y D o w n . B y VincentR iccio and B i l l S locum . NewY o rk : S im on and Schuster, 192pp., $3.95.

In the las t ten years the num ber o f books w r it te n about de linquency has increased alm ost as ra p id ly as de linquency itse lf. M ost of them , fo r a v a r ie ty o f reasons, are n o t ve ry en ligh ten ing . A l l the Way Down, w h ile i t does no t o ffe r any new theories, o r even ve ry m any new facts, is rem arkab le because i t is a com p le te ly honest rep o rt. F o r f iv e years V incen t R icc io was a New Y o rk Y ou th B oard “ detached w o rk e r,” an e x ­pression w h ich he calls his f ir s t experience o f s o c ia l-w o rke r gob- bledegook. “ Detached,” the k ids asked h im , “ detached fro m w h a t? ”

R icc io discov'ered tha t w h ile i t was e x trem e ly d i f f ic u lt to w o rk w ith ju v e n ile gangs, i t was neve r­theless possible to reach them . The inso lub le p rob lem was reach­in g the social w o rke rs , cops, p o li­tic ians and o ffic ia ls w ho were supposed to be “ h e lp ing ” the k ids. He te lls i t as he saw it , w ith o u t any generalized conclusions, and th is in 'i ts e lf makes the book un ique. A lm o s t everyone w ho w rite s about de linquency con­f id e n t ly o ffe rs op in ions on its cause and cure.

Pervades Society

To g ive a b r ie f sum m ary o f ju s t a few o f the m ore popu la r ideas:

F irs t, de linquency is caused by de p riva tion . Some experts fee l th is d e p riva tio n is p r im a r ily one of a ffec tions — parents w ho ought to love th e ir ch ild re n ap pa ren tly do not, and v ice versa. O thers see the d e p riv a tio n as economic — bad housing, ove rcrow ded schools, lim ite d jo b oppo rtun itie s . On the o the r hand, a la rge nu m be r of theoris ts be lieve th a t o v e r in d u l­gence is the basic troub le . C h il­dren are spoiled, they get by w i th ­o u t m ak ing any rea l e ffo rt, they liv e so ft and get too m uch too easily. O thers iso late s ing le fac ­to rs lik e v io lence in te lev is ion shows and com ic books. Some p u t the p r im a ry b lam e on parents, some on p re va len t m a te ria lis t values.

D e linquency has become so w idespread th a t none o f these e x ­p lana tions is adequate. E x tre m e ly d ive rg e n t socia l groups and so­cieties arc affected. A r th u r M ille r , in an a rtic le in the N ovem ber issue of H a rp e r’s, The Bored and the V io lent, po in ts o u t th a t adoles­cent s tree t gangs are a prob lem in a ll in d u s tria lize d countries — the U n ited States, the Soviet U n ion , Japan, L a tin A m erica . In th is cou n try , ju v e n ile v io lence and na rco tic add ic tion are com m on in w e a lth y W estchester as w e ll as in the ghettoes o f H a rle m and B ro o k ­lyn . He concludes th a t young peo­p le are bored, and th is is a m a n i­fes ta tion o f a un ive rsa l fee ling in the w o r ld today th a t li fe is p o in t­less. “ People no longer seem to kno w w h y they are a live .”

Boredom and C o n fo rm ity

One m eaning o f bore is “ to w e a ry b y ted ious ite ra tio n o r d u l l­ness” w h ic h I th in k is re la ted to ano the r m eaning, “ to p ierce w ith a ho le o r m ake ho llo w , especia lly w ith a ro ta ry d r i l l . ” There is at least one respect in w h ich a ll o f the societies-'and social groups a f­fected by de linquency are s im ila r— a re ite ra tio n o f the “ n o rm a l” o r accepted values. The values themselves m ay be d iffe re n t bu t the pressure to con fo rm is s im ila r. T h is resu lts — I agree w ith M il le r— in a fee ling th a t l i fe is m ean­ingless. Y oung people have a re a d y -m ixe d m eaning forced upon them before they have an oppor­tu n ity to exp lore, o r d iscover a m eaning fo r themselves.

In a fo rm a l sense th is is no t a re v o lt agains any p a rtic u la r set o f values, c e rta in ly no t a p o lit ic a l re v o lt against any p a rtic u la r set

o f values, c e rta in ly no t a p o lit ic a l revo lt, o r even a re jec tion o f con­ven tiona l goals. Y oung gangsters in so-ca lled “ u n d e rp riv ile g e d ” areas usu a lly have ve ry conven­tio n a l goals, b u t no prospect of ge tting the th ings th a t appeal to them so m uch. In W estchester w here they have the m a te ria l ad­vantages fo r w h ich youngsters in the B ro o k ly n slum s long, they are eq u a lly “ bored” because here, too, the re is a ted ious re ite ra tio n o f a pa tte rn w ith o u t in d iv id u a l m ean­ing.

The va lue o f A l l the Way D ow n is th a t i t s tim u la tes th in k in g about these problem s. One p ra c tica l p ro ­posal w h ic h R icc io makes is on add ic tion . I t is a plea to take n a r­cotics ou t o f the hands o f the u n ­d e rw o rld by m ak ing them a v a il­ab le to addicts unde r m edica l su­pe rv is ion . He describes in some de ta il how he ro in w h ich costs around $10,000 in China, Europe o r L a tin A m erica becomes a “ three m il l io n d o lla r cache” in the U n ited States, because i t passes th rough the hands o f in nu m erab le m id ­dlem en, each o f them ta k in g a fan tas tic m a rk -u p , each a d u lte ra t-

D E N V E R — T w o years ago the Colorado La bo r Advocate exposed plans o f loca l businessmen to b r in g the no torious C h ris tia n A n t i- C om m unis t Crusade to th is c ity . B y c o rre c tly assessing the “ C ru ­sade’s” a n ti- la b o r character, the la bo r paper he lped p re ven t its appearance in Denver.

B u t B irc h ite s and o th e r r ig h t w inge rs con tinue th e ir e ffo rts to p r o m o t e w itc h - h u n tin g and th o u g h t-c o n tro l in th is area. One o f th e ir a c tiv itie s is a series o f p r iv a te “ a n ti-co m m u n is t” classes designed m a in ly fo r businessmen and professionals. A n o th e r is the b r in g in g to to w n o f speakers lik e Capt. Edd ie R ickenbacker.

Rants a t L ions

On Jan. 15 the W o rld W ar I a v ia to r and pos t-W orld W a r I I rea c tion a ry was the guest speaker before the D enve r L ion s C lub. H is harangue in defense o f conser­va tism inc luded attacks on o rgan­ized labo r, “ un con tro lle d in te rn a ­tio n a lism ,” and “ fu t ile , w a s te fu l so-ca lled fo re ign a id .”

R ickenbacke r lum ped together

in g i t w ith an y th in g fro m baby pow der to roach pow der. T h is makes dope add ic tion such a p ro f­ita b le racke t th a t anyone w ho stands in the w a y can be bought o f f o r o therw ise disposed of.

E lim in a tin g p ro fits is an idea w h ic h could be app lied m ore gen­e ra lly . Everyone fro m the sponsor o f the v io le n t T V shows w h ich are a sales device fo r toothpaste, headache p ills and soap, to the m anufactu re rs and supp lie rs w ho d ire c tly o r in d ire c tly p ro v id e the gangs w ith knives, guns and o ther app rop ria te weapons, are m ak ing ou t by e x p lo it in g the d iff ic u lt ie s o f these youngsters. So are the hordes o f o ffic ia ls , cops, social w o rke rs and others w h o m ake a l iv in g by th e ir so-ca lled “ he lp ” and th e ir “ analyses” o f the ques­tion .

The in te n s ity o f the p ro test in A l l the Way D o w n forces us to take a look a t the rea l p rob lem . As M il le r says in the conclusion o f h is a rtic le , “ W hat the cou n try has to decide is w h a t i t is go ing to say i f these k ids should decide to lis te n .”

— Joyce C o w ley

libe ra ls , socialists and com m unists. He also charged th a t the U.S. “ is on the w ro ng h ig h w a y and has been fo r 30 years.” Though d is ­c la im in g m em bersh ip in the John B irc h Society, R ickenbacker said, “ as long as they a rc against com ­m un ism , I ’m fo r them .”

Several days before R icken - backer’s a r r iv a l loca l businessmen received a m a ilin g con ta in ing a pam ph le t de fend ing the B irc h So­c ie ty , a 32-page re p o rt o f B irc h ite ac tiv ities , a fo ld e r recom m ending 12 books, in c lu d in g A m er ica ’s Re­treat F ro m V ic to ry by the la te Senator M cC arthy , a fo ld e r en­tit le d “ W hy Jo in the John B irc h Society?” and a m em bersh ip ap­p lica tio n fo rm .

James L o e ffle r, cha irm an o f the S tra tto n B irc h ite chapter, a se lf- sty led “ l i t t le o ld sheepherder,” chose the day o f R ickenbacke r’s speech to announce plans fo r roadside b illb oa rds u rg in g people to jo in the B irc h Society. Last m on th he erected a b illb o a rd c a ll­in g fo r the im peachm ent o f S u­prem e C o u rt C h ie f Justice W arren .

The U n ited Rubber W orkersun ion has announced ba rga in ing goals fo r new contracts w ith m a­jo r ru b b e r companies due A p r i l 20 and June 1. I t w i l l ask fo r “ a share o f increases in economic p ro d u c tiv ity ” and a “ sabbatica l leave” p rov is ion to am e lio ra te u n ­em ploym ent. The p ro d u c tiv ity proposal calls fo r the percentage o f labo r costs to to ta l expenses to be figu red . Then any reduc tion in th is percentage w o u ld be “ shared” w ith the w o rkers th rou gh m o n th ly bonuses.

A fu l l sababtica l leave — one yea r o f f w ith pay eve ry seven years — w ou ld p rov ide 15 per cent m ore jobs, a l l o th e r tilin g s being equal. The un ion is asking fo r a m od ified “ sabba tica l” w h ich w o u ld o ffse t unem p loym ent by p ro v id in g about fo u r per cent m ore jobs.

S trike rs a t the Coca-Cola p la n t at H a m ilton , O nta rio , have been hand ing ou t free bottles o f Pepsi­Cola.

* * *

U nited S tee lw orkers o f A m erica P resident D a v id J. M cD ona ld has decided to go along w ith P res i­den t John F. Kennedy and no t press the un ion 's dem and fo r a sho rte r w o rk week a t th is tim e. M cD ona ld to ld a un ion conference in P ittsb u rg h la te last m on th tha t “ unem p loym ent is causing te rr ib le prob lem s.” B u t, he said, the sho rte r w o rk week w o u ld cost the com panies too m uch. He p ro ­posed instead an extended vaca­tion p lan th a t w o u ld no t be “ p a r­t ic u la r ly cos tly ” and “ m ay create as m any as 6,000 jobs.” The Steel w o rke rs U n ion has lost about350,000 m em bers in recent years due to au tom ation unem p loym ent and cutbacks in steel p roduction .

* * *

Robena m ine rs re tu rn e d to w o rk again a fte r w a lk in g ou t Jan. 28 in the second s tr ik e over safe ty con­d ition s since the Dec. 6 explosion. The w a lk o u t came a fte r the f ir in g o f a v e n tila tin g -fa n a ttendan t w ho refused a com pany o rd e r to leave his post fo r o ther w o rk . The m iners w e n t back w hen the m an was re ins ta ted and the com pany prom ised to liv e up to its prev ious prom ise to keep each fan attended constantly . The Robena m ine, owned by U.S. Steel, is near C a r­m ichaels, Pa.

F a ilu re o f a fan a llow s the accum ula tion o f exp losives — gas and suspended coal dust. In the hearing on the Dec. 6 disaster, i t was revealed th a t a v e n tila tin g fan had gone o f f and the m an on d u ty fa ile d to no tice it . He tes ti­f ie d he cou ldn ’t hear the stoppage a la rm because he was on his w ay to a ttend to one o f h is o th e r d u ­ties — clean ing the ba th house. T h irty -s e v e n men died as a resu lt o f the Dec. 6 explosion.

sje sH #

The Philadelphia tra n s it s tr ik eended Feb. 2 w hen the P h ila d e l­p h ia T ransp o rta tio n Com pany ac­cepted essentia lly the same term s its nego tia tors had agreed to ea rlie r, b u t w h ic h had been tu rned dow n by the co rp o ra tion ’s m a jo r stockho lder be fore the c ity agreed to a tw o -ce n t fa re increase. The new con trac t re ta ins the key no­la y o ff clause w h ic h the com pany had sought to rem ove. I t grants 20 cents an ho u r in wage increases over tw o years and 13 cents in fringes. The n o - la y o ff clause, ho w ­ever, w i l l no t app ly to w o rke rs h ire d a fte r January , 1963. I t p ro ­tects a ll o th e r w o rke rs fro m la y ­o ffs due to technolog ica l change.

The w eek be fore the settlem ent, T ransp o rt W orkers U n ion P res i­den t M ichae l J. Q u ill appeared on a T V p rogram in connection w ith the s tr ike . In spite o f Q u il l ’s rep u ­ta tio n fo r b lus te r, observers in the s tud io w ere repo rted to be shocked by h is statem ent. He said th a t i f

som eth ing isn ’t done abou t au to ­m a tion unem p loym ent U.S. w o rk ­ers “ m ay get rough in th is coun­t r y and th is c o u n try m ay have a rea l upheaval, a rea l tu rm o il. ”

He said a new labo r upsurge w o u ld m ake th a t o f the 1930s seem “ easy go ing,” and th a t “ tod ay ’s w o rke rs are n o t lik e w e w ere in the ’30s.” “ They a re / men and wom en w ith the autom obiles u n ­pa id fo r, w ith the te lev is ion sets unpa id fo r, w th the h i - f i un pa id fo r, w ith o ther gadgets unpa id fo r ,” he said. “ I f the m en and wom en o f A m erica are no t p u t to w o rk ,” he declared, “ we m ay be fac in g rea l troub le fro m w ith in .”

sj: # $

A “ Freedom F rom P o ve rty ” ra l­ly has been called fo r L in c o ln ’s B ir th d a y in A lb a n y by the C itizens C om m ittee fo r a $1.50 M in im u m H o u rly Wage in New Y o rk State. The com m ittee , headed by A . P h ilip Randolph, p res ident o f the B ro therhood o f S leeping C ar P o r­ters, w i l l also p icke t the state cap ito l and has ca lled on “ a ll o r­ganizations in the N egro and S panish-speaking com m un ities ” to support the dem onstra tions fo r the m in im u m -w a g e leg is la tion .

* * *

In te rn a tio n a l Associa tion o fM ach in is ts m em bers a t Lockheed A irc ra ft C o rpo ra tion ’s C a lifo rn ia and H a w a ii p lan ts have accepted a new con trac t w h ich does no t in ­c lude the un ion shop. The con trac t provides a sm all ra ise each yea r o f a th re e -ye a r con trac t. T he un ion shop was in p r in c ip le g ra n t­ed by a governm ent fa c t- f in d in g board, b u t refused by the com pany w h ich fo rced a near s tr ik e on the issue. The s tr ik e was de layed by a T a f t-H a r t le y in ju n c tio n w h ich was s t i l l in force w hen the present con tract was accepted by the un ion.

T he ne t re s u lt o f the un ion lead­e rsh ip ’s re liance on the gove rn ­m en t to se ttle its p rob lem s has been a v ir tu a lly com ple te re tre a t by the un ion — no t o n ly on the un ion-shop issue, b u t on the fa r m ore im p o rta n t question o f ra is ­in g aerospace wages up to the le ve l o f o ther m e ta l- fa b r ic a tin g industries.

A t Boeing, the com pany also forced the c a llin g o f a s tr ik e on s im ila r issues and P resident K e n ­nedy in voked the T -H in ju n c ­tio n Jan. 23.

The First 10 Years Of American CommunismReport of a Participant

By James P. Cannon

The author is a founder o f Am erican

Trotskyism and the only living top leader of the early years o f the U.S. Communist Party who has not re­pudiated communism.

The book contains:

Sketches o f Foster, Ruthenberg, Browder, Lovestone and others, as we!! as o f leading figures in the C om ­munist International.

Essays on the Industrial W orkers of the W o rld , Eugene V. Debs end

the socialist movement of his tim e, and the e ffec t of the Russian Rev­olution on the U. S. N egro struggle.

344 pp. — $6.00

O rd e r th ro u g h :

Pioneer Publishers116 University Place, N . Y. 3, N . Y.

Rickenbacker Gives Birchers A Fresh Boost in Colorado

B y Tom Leonard

Page Four THE M IL IT A N T Monday, February 11, 1963

THE MILITANTE d ito r: JO SEPH H A N S E N

M anag ing E d ito r: GEO RG E L A V A N Business M anager: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P ub lished w e e k ly , e xcep t fro m J u ly 11 to Sept. 5 w hen pub lishe d b i-w e e k ly , b y The M il i ta n t P u b lis h in g Ass’n ., 116 U n iv e rs ity PL, N ew Y o rk 3, N .Y . Phone C H 3-2140. Second-class postage pa id a t N ew Y o rk , N .Y . S u b sc rip tio n : $3 a year; C anad ian , $3.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. S igned a rtic le s b y c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t necessarily represen t The M il i ta n t ’s v iew s. These are expressed in e d ito ria ls .

Vol. 27 - No. 6 - ff f- i r Monday, February 11, 1963

The Chinese Attack on YugoslaviaW ith th is issue we complete the serialization of the ed ito ria l

from the Peking People’s D a ily en titled , “ The D ifferences Be­tween Comrade T og lia tti and Us.”

In coming issues we shall analyze the M oscow-Peking dispute and discuss a num ber o f aspects of the Chinese document — both positive and negative.

Here, however, we should lik e to comment on the document’s most g la ring weakness — the v itr io lic a ttack on Yugoslavia.

In demanding tha t Yugoslavia be read out of the company o f w orkers ’ states, th a t i t be expelled from association w ith the Soviet-b loc countries and, indeed, boycotted by them as a renegade and capita lis t regime, the Chinese leader's are reve rting to the methods of S ta lin ’s o rig ina l a ttem pt to smash the T ito regim e because i t dared stand up fo r Yugoslav national rights.

Indeed, the severe economic reprisals — an indefensib le act in disputes between w orkers ’ states — w hich China is itse lf now su ffe ring at the hands of the K re m lin , were f irs t employed and ju s tif ie d in S ta lin ’s attempts to smash the Yugoslavs.

When Peking demands the exclusion of the Yugoslav Com­m unists from party congresses of the Soviet-b loc countries i t is fa c ilita tin g the exclusion of Chinese representatives when Khrushchev deems tha t step necessary. The drow n ing out, by booing and hooting, o f the speech o f the Chinese representative at the recent East German p a rty congress was a foretaste.

F ina lly , the Chinese complaints o f K re m lin persecution of A lban ia fa l l f la t when the Chinese proceed to demand precisely such trea tm ent o f the Yugoslavs.

That we are not T ito is ts is w e ll know n to those who have read our critic ism s of the Yugoslav regime w hich, in b rie f, we consider a deformed w orkers ’ state basically s im ila r to the East European members o f the Soviet bloc. However, we believe that differences and disputes in the w orkers ’ camp should be argued out fra n k ly and fu lly , w ith a ll sides being heard and w ith o u t reprisa ls or exclusions. That is the negation of S ta lin ism and a re tu rn to Leninism .

Arizona Teachers Need Your HelpIn March 1961 a “ Com m unist C ontro l A c t” was passed in

Arizona requ iring “ lo y a lty ” oaths from the state’s employes. Some teachers refused to sign the oath and the school adm in istration cu t o ff th e ir pay checks. The teachers, however, remained on the job w ith o u t pay.

The Emergency Committee to Defend L iberties of A rizona Employees is fig h tin g the though t-con tro l law , and the case of Mrs. Barbara E lfb randt, Tucson gx-ade school teacher, is now be­fore the State Supr eme Court.

The Court heard the case last May, bu t appears to be delay­ing a decision. A ny delay hurts the teachers since they are w o rk ­ing w ith o u t pay u n til and unless the court rules the oath uncon­stitu tiona l. The courageous teachers who have resisted so fa r on th is im portan t m atter of p rinc ip le may be forced in to signing the oath in order to get paid.

The committee is appealing fo r funds to continue the figh t. C ontribu tions should be sent to the Emergency Committee to De­fend L iberties o f Arizona Employees, 2648 N orth F a ir Oaks, Tucson, Arizona.

Anti-Union Bonding SqueezeI t doesn’t take an especially sharp eye to see the hand o f the

Kennedy adm in istra tion in the d ifficu ltie s encountered by the Teamsters union in getting its o ffic ia ls bonded. The Kennedy brothers have become famous fo r the w e ll-t im e d phone ca ll to the corporation executive beholden to the government. Even w ith o u t the phone call, bonding company o ffic ia ls -— or anyone else — can get the message tha t one w ay to w in friends and in ­fluence people in the adm in istra tion is to jo in the pack harassing the Teamsters.

The procedure in th is case is s im ila r on a sm aller scale to the trea tm ent given the Cuban Revolution by Washington. In Cuba’s case, W ashington determ ined to destroy the revo lu tion the mo­m ent i t threatened U.S. corporation pro fits . So i t cut Cuba o ff from o il, m achinery, spare parts, arms, and barred export of its sugar and other crops to the U.S., a ll the w h ile organizing armed attacks against the island. Then as Cuba turned to the Soviet bloc in sheer necessity, W ashington screamed bloody m urder that Cuba m ust be crushed since i t had cu t itse lf o ff from the U.S.

In the case of the Teamsters, Washington is determ ined to housebreak and deb ilita te the labor movement by s tr ik in g a blow at th is b ig transportation union. So i t passes a law requ iring a ll un ion o ffic ia ls to be bonded by p riva te bonding firm s approved by the government. Then i t makes i t impossible fo r the union to purchase such bonding. As a d irect resu lt of W ashington’s m achi­nations, the union finds itse lf having d if f ic u lty com plying w ith the law . M eanwhile the adm in istra tion stands poised to punish the union fo r v io la ting the law . Those are the w ork ings of a w e ll- managed “ jus tice ” under the Kennedy brothers.

...China’s Reply to Its Soviet-Bloc Critics(Continued from page 2)

developed M a rx is m -L e n in is m by in te g ra tin g the u n ive rsa l t ru th of M a rx is m -L e n in is m w ith the con­crete re a lity o f the Chinese R ev­o lu tion .

D espite the fac t th a t the C h i­nese R evo lu tion , lik e the re v o lu ­tions o f o ther countries, has m any specia l characteris tics, the Chinese C om m unists have a lw ays regarded the Chinese R evo lu tion as a con­tin u a tio n o f the g reat O ctober R evo lu tion . I t was by fo llo w in g the pa th o f the O ctober R e vo lu ­tio n th a t the Chinese R evo lu tion was won.

T o g lia tt i’s d is to rtions abou t the Chinese R evo lu tion o n ly show th a t he is t ry in g to f in d p re tex ts fo r h is ow n pe cu lia r line , w h ich runs coun te r to the un ive rsa l t ru th o f M a rx is m -L e n in is m and the com ­m on law s gove rn ing the socia list re vo lu tion .

I t is necessary th a t a M a rx is t- L e n in is t p a rty in te g ra te the u n i­versa l t ru th o f M a rx is m -L e n in is m w ith the concrete practice o f the re v o lu tio n in its ow n cou n try and th a t i t ap p ly the com m on law s o f S oc ia lis t re v o lu tio n c re a tive ly in the lig h t o f the specific cond i­tions in its ow n coun try .

M a rx is m -L e n in is m develops con tinuous ly w ith practice. C er­ta in p ropositions advanced b y a M a rx is t-L e n in is t P a rty d u r in g a certa in pe riod and unde r ce rta in cond itions have to be replaced by new propositions, because o f changed circum stances and tim es. F a ilu re to do so w i l l re su lt in the e rro r o f dogm atism and losses to the cause o f com m unism .

Modern RevisionismB u t unde r no circum stances is

a M a rx is t-L e n in is t p a rty a llow ed to use the p re te x t o f ce rta in new social phenomena to negate the fun dam e n ta l p r in c ip le s o f M a rx - ism -L e n in ism , to substitu te re ­v is ion ism fo r M a rx ism -L e n in ism , and to be tra y com m unism .

A t a ce rta in stage in the deve l­opm ent o f a C om m unis t p a rty , dogm atism and sectarian ism m ay become the m a in dangers. The M oscow D ec la ra tion and the M os­cow S tatem ent are fu l ly co rrect in p o in tin g o u t the necessity o f op­posing dogm atism and secta rian­ism .

Nevertheless, under present con­d itions, m odern rev is ion ism is the m a in danger to the in te rn a tio n a l C om m unis t m ovem ent as a w hole , ju s t as the M oscow D ec la ra tion and the M oscow S tatem ent p o in t out:

M odem rev is ion ism “ w h ich m irro rs the bourgeois ideo logy in the o ry and practice, d is to rts M a rx is m -L e n in is m , emasculates its re v o lu tio n a ry essence, and the reby paralyzes the re v o lu tio n ­a ry w i l l o f the w o rk in g class, d isarm s and dem ora lizes the w o rk ­ers, the masses o f the w o rk in g people, in th e ir s trugg le against oppression by im p e ria lis ts and e x ­p lo ite rs , fo r peace, dem ocracy and na tio n a l l ib e r ty fo r the tr iu m p h o f socia lism .”

A t present, m odem rev is ion is ts oppose M a rx is m -L e n in is m under the p re te x t o f opposing dogm atism , renounce re v o lu tio n unde r the p re te x t o f opposing “ le f t ” adven­tu rism , and advocate u n p rin c ip le d com prom ise and cap itu la tio n ism un de r the p re te x t o f f le x ib i l i t y in tactics. I f a reso lu te strugg le is n o t waged against m odern re v i­sionism , the in te rn a tio n a l C om m u­n is t m ovem ent w i l l be seriously harm ed.

Forced into Public DebateThe appearance o f an adverse

cu rre n t, w h ich is c o n tra ry to M a rx is m -L e n in is m and w h ic h is d is ru p tin g the u n ity o f the in te r ­n a tion a l C om m unis t m ovem ent, fu rn ishes ad d itio n a l p ro o f o f the correctness o f the theses in the M oscow D ecla ra tion and the M os­cow Statem ent.

C oncern ing the m a jo r features o f rev is ion ism , L e n in once said, “ to de te rm ine its conduct fro m case to case, to adapt its e lf to the events o f the day and the curren ts

and changes o f p e tty po litics , to fo rge t the basic in te rests o f the p ro le ta r ia t, the m a in fea tures o f the ca p ita lis t system as a w ho le and o f ca p ita lis t re v o lu tio n as a w ho le ; to sacrifice these basic in ­terests fo r the rea l o r assumed advantages o f the m om ent — such is the p o licy o f rev is ion ism .”

The re v o lu tio n a ry p ro le ta r ia t and the re v o lu tio n a ry people are sure to m arch along the correct road charted by M a rx is m -L e n in -

Togliatti

ism. D if f ic u lt and to rtuous though i t m ay be, i t is the o n ly road to v ic to ry . The h is to r ica l develop­m en t o f society, w i l l fo llo w n e ith ­er the “ theories” o f im p e ria lism no r the “ theories” o f rev is ion ism .

H ow eve r m uch they m ay have done fo r the w o rke rs m ovem ent in the past, no person, no p o lit ic a l p a rty , and no g roup can avo id becom ing the servan t o f the b o u r­geoisie and be ing cast aside by the p ro le ta r ia t, once th e y depa rt fro m the road o f M a rx is m -L e n in is m and step on and slide dow n the road o f rev is ion ism .

We have been forced in to a pu b ­lic discussion o f the m a jo r d if fe r ­ences betw een ourselves and Com rade T o g lia tt i and ce rta in o th e r comrades in the I ta lia n C om ­m u n is t P a rty . I t has occurred against ou r w ishes and w o u ld no t have ocurred i f they had no t p u b lic ly challenged us f i r s t and insisted on a p u b lic debate.

B u t, even though w e are ob liged to en ter in to p u b lic debate, we s t i l l s incere ly hope i t w i l l be pos­sib le to e lim in a te o u r d iffe rences th rough com rade ly discussion. A ltho ug h , to o u r regre t, we f in d th a t T o g lia tt i and the comrades w ho share h is v iew s are increas­in g ly de pa rting fro m M a rx is m - Len in ism , we s t i l l ea rnestly hope they w i l l no t p lunge fu r th e r , bu t w i l l recover th e ir bearings and re ­tu rn to the stand o f M a rx is m - Le n in ism and the re v o lu tio n a ry p rinc ip le s o f the M oscow D eclara­tio n and the M oscow Statem ent.

Suggested W orld CongressWe desire to look ahead. On

several occasions w e have sug­gested the h o ld in g o f a represen­ta tiv e conference o f the C om m u­n is t and w o rke rs pa rties o f a ll countries to se ttle the c u rre n t d i f ­ferences in the in te rn a tio n a l Com ­m u n is t m ovem ent.

W e h o ld th a t C om m unists o f a ll countries shou ld take to heart the com m on in te rests o f the strugg le against the enem y and the cause o f p ro le ta r ia n re vo lu tio n , should ab ide b y the p rinc ip le s gu id ing re la tions am ong fra te rn a l parties as set fo r th in the M oscow Dec­la ra tio n and the M oscow S tate­m ent, and should e lim in a te th e ir d iffe rences and streng then th e ir u n ity on the basis o f M a rx is m - L e n in ism and p ro le ta r ia n in te rn a ­tiona lism .

T h is is the hope o f the w o rk ­in g class and o f people th ro u g h ­ou t the w o rld .

The h is to ry o f the w o rk in g - class m ovem ent in a ll countries d u r in g the past cen tu ry and m ore is rep le te w ith sharp struggles between M a rx is m and a ll k in d s o f opportun ism . F ro m the v e ry be­

g inn ing , the in te rn a tio n a l Com ­m un is t m ovem ent has s tead ily advanced by s tru g g lin g against and ove rcom ing re fo rm ism , social dem ocracy, and rev is ion ism . T o ­day, the rev is ion is ts o f va rious brands m ay b lu s te r fo r a tim e , b u t th is ind ica tes no t s treng th b u t weakness on th e ir pa rt.

The re v is io n is t and new soc ia l- dem ocra tic trends w h ic h have now appeared in the in te rn a tio n a l C om m unis t m ovem ent and w h ich s u it the needs o f m onopo ly cap­ita lis m and U.S. im p e ria lism , are sub s ta n tia lly the p ro du c t o f the po lic ies o f m onopo ly cap ita l and U.S. im p e ria lism , b u t the various k in ds o f rev is ion ism can n e ith e r b lock the v ic to riou s advance o f the re v o lu tio n a ry struggles o f the op­pressed na tions and peoples, n o r can the y save im p e ria lis m fro m its f in a l doom.

In 1913, in the course o f h is s trugg le against opportun ism , L e n in po in ted out, in expound ing the h is to r ica l des tiny o f the doc­trines o f K a r l M a rx , th a t a lthough M a rx is m had been sub jected to d is to rtion s by the opportun is ts , the deve lopm ent o f the re v o lu ­tio n a ry struggles o f the people in a ll coun tries had con tinuous ly b ro ug h t i t new c o n firm a tio n and new tr iu m p h s . L e n in co rre c tly predicted, “ . . . a s t i l l g rea te r tr iu m p h aw a its M a rx ism , as the doc trine o f the p ro le ta r ia t, in the pe riod o f h is to ry th a t is now open ing.”

Revolution W ill Trium phN o w w e fee l th a t M a rx is m -

Le n in ism is a t a new and im ­p o rta n t h is to r ic a l ju n c tu re , the s trugg le between the M a rx is t- L e n in is t trend and the a n t i-M a rx - is t-L e n in is t re v is io n is t tre n d is once again be ing placed on the C om m unis t agenda in a ll coun­tr ies in an acute fo rm . W e are p ro fo u n d ly convinced tha t, h o w ­ever com plica ted the course o f the strugg le , the M a rx is t-L e n in is t tre n d w i l l e ve n tu a lly tr iu m p h .

M ore than a c e n tu ry ago, in the C om m unis t M an ifes to , M a rx and Engels made the courageous and g a lla n t ca ll to the w ho le w o r ld — “ L e t the ru lin g classes trem b le a t a com m un is tic re vo lu tio n . Tfte p ro le ta rian s have no th in g to lose b u t th e ir chains. T hey have a w o r ld to w in .”

T h is great ca ll insp ires a ll re v ­o lu tio na ries dedicated to the cause o f com m unism and the p ro le ta r ia t the w o r ld over, and im bues them w ith fu l l confidence abou t the fu tu re , so th a t the y w i l l reso lu te ly b reak th rou gh a ll obstacles and b o ld ly advance.

A t present the ranks o f the in ­te rn a tio n a l p ro le ta r ia t are g ro w ­ing s tronger and stronger, the po­l i t ic a l consciousness o f the people o f a l l countries is constan tly r is ­ing, the strugg les fo r w o r ld peace, n a tion a l lib e ra tio n , dem ocracy, and socia lism are ga in ing v ic to ry a fte r v ic to ry , and the great ideas o f socia lism and com m unism are a t­tra c tin g ever g reater num bers am ong the oppressed na tions and peoples w ho f in d them selves in a d i f f ic u lt and b it te r p lig h t.

L e t im p e ria lism and the reac­tionaries trem b le before the great re v o lu tio n a ry tide o f the w o rk in g class and o f a l l oppressed na tions and peoples o f the w o rld ! M a rx ­ism -L e n in ism w i l l f in a lly tr iu m p h ! T he re v o lu tio n a ry cause o f the w o rk in g class and o f the people the w o r ld ove r w i l l f in a lly tr iu m p h !

A key pam ph le t

In Defense of the Cuban RevolutionA n Answer to the State Departm ent

and Theodore Draper

B y Joseph Hansen 32 pages 250

P IO N E E R P U B LIS H E R S 116 University Place New Y ork 3, N. Y.

Monday, February 11, 1963 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Five

LETTER FROM LONDON

Why De Gaulle Blocked BritainLO N D O N — O vershadow ing

e v e ry th in g else here at p resent is the cris is in the nego tia tions fo r B r ita in ’s e n try in to the Common M arke t. F ro m a ll appearances, G enera l de G au lle e ffe c tiv e ly sp iked the u n if ic a tio n o f the S ix [C om m on M a rk e t m em bers] in Europe w ith th is is land k ingdom fo r a considerable t im e to come. The causes are bo th economic and p o lit ic a l. As de G au lle has le t i t be kno w n , he doesn’t w a n t an A m erican “ T ro ja n Horse” in the com m u n ity o f w h ic h he has as­sumed leadership, and th a t is how he looks upon G rea t B r ita in under its present governm ent, p a r tic u la r­ly a fte r the Nassau P act between M a c m illa n and K ennedy.

F rom the p o lit ic a l p o in t o f v iew , the F rench p res iden t’s o rie n ta tio n is to w a rd the crea tion o f a th ird fo rce th a t w i l l be ab le to m an­euver between the S ov ie t U n ion and the U.S.A. H is m a in reason­in g is th a t in the deve lop ing d ip lo m acy a deal between these tw o g ian ts cou ld v e ry w e ll be at the expense o f the European c a p ita lis t powers. H e also a im s at p u ttin g c a p ita lis t Europe in a pos ition to m ake a deal w ith the S ov ie t U n ion on its ow n streng th, ba nk ing on w h a t he regards as an in e v ita b le clash between the USSR and C hina. In o th e r words, he is counterposing a “ g rand design” o f h is ow n to th a t espoused by the U n ited States, d ire c tly cha lleng­in g K ennedy fo r leadership.

Econom ica lly , he made po in ted references in h is recent press con­ference to the A m e rica n m ono­polies. In fact, the F rench delega­t io n to the European Com m on M a rk e t has subm itted a m o tion to investiga te the in te rfe ren ce o f o u t­side business in te rests in the a f­fa irs o f the S ix . I t is w e ll know n tha t B r it is h business concerns, some a lready c lose ly lin k e d w ith th e ir A m erican counterparts , o th ­ers w ith arrangem ents fo r close co-ope ra tion pending, are a im ing at an organized d riv e to capture European m arke ts. On both p o li­t ic a l and econom ic grounds, the recent conclusion o f a t ig h t F ranco -G erm an a lliance is m eant

to b u ild up a counterpoise to the A ng lo -S axons in the cap ita lis t w o rld .

W hether, in the end, de G au lle ’s design w i l l come to a n y th in g m ay be do ub tfu l. In sp ite o f the re ­surgence of cap ita lism in W estern Europe, the A m erican pow er po­te n tia l is s t i l l o f fa r g rea te r w e igh t, backed as i t is by the v i r ­tu a l m onopoly o f nuclear a rm a­m ent w h ich is las t resort o f the

G aitsk e ll

ca p ita lis t w o rld , and w ith w h ich i t is ca lcu la ted no European com ­b in a tio n w i l l be able to catch up in the foreseeable fu tu re . N e ve r­theless, the c o n flic t ove r the Com ­m on M a rk e t can create serious fissures in the s tru c tu re o f cap­ita lis m fo r a tim e and cause con­s iderable d isa rra y in the W estern a lliance th a t has been b u ilt up in the po s t-w a r years w ith great e ffo rt.

Decline of BritainThe collapse o f the Brussels

nego tia tions over the Com m on M a rk e t has, o f course, le ft B r ita in in the w o rs t spot, a lthough the damage m ust be considerable even w ith in the S ix , engendering also a s tra in in the new G erm an - F rench pa rtne rsh ip . H ow ever, ju s t as there is no u n a n im ity in F rance itse lf, le t alone in the rest

o f the European Econom ic C om ­m u n ity (E EC ) over de G au lle ’s p o licy o f exc lud ing Eng land, so there w ere deep d iffe rences in B r ita in its e lf over M a c m illa n ’s p ro jected en try .

N o t on ly was the La bo u r P a rty o f f ic ia lly opposed to the te rm s of e n try acceptable to the govern­m ent, b u t the re was a strong op­pos ition even w ith in the T o ry ranks re fle c tin g va ried business in terests. F o r the governm ent the o v e rr id in g m o tive in its d r iv e to get in to the EEC was a d m itte d ly p o lit ic a l, bo th because i t m eant a t ig h te n in g up o f the ca p ita lis t a l­liance against the Soviet b lock as w e ll as a s treng then ing o f the reac tiona ry p o lit ic a l reg im e, w h ich cou ld he lp to con ta in a L a b o u r advance in B r ita in itse lf.

Brussels FiascoThe Brussels fiasco aggravates

an econom ic decline w h ic h was proceeding s tead ily and w h ich en­t r y was m eant to ha lt. B o th in ­vestm ent and p ro du c tion are con­t in u in g th e ir do w n w ard trend here. The nu m be r o f unem ployed is o f f ic ia lly adm itted to be over800,000 and u n o ff ic ia lly ca lcu la ted to be over the m il lio n m a rk , ap­p roach ing m ore than f iv e pe r cent o f the w o rk in g force.

The economic decline has been dram atized fo r the mass o f the people by an u n usu a lly severe w in te r. A s im ila r w in te r 1947, tw o years a fte r the w a r and w ith a L a bo u r G ove rnm en t in pow er, saw a breakdow n in fu e l and pow er supplies th a t caused w id e ­spread ha rdsh ip . The Tories then d id no t s h r in k fro m the m ost demagogic k in d o f cam paign b lam in g socia lism fo r the ha rd w in te r. N ow , 15 years la te r, eleven o f them unde r T o ry ru le , s im ila r b reakdow ns — a t f ir s t a ttr ib u te d to a go-s low wage m ovem ent among e lec trica l w o rkers , over w h ic h the press ca rried on a v e rita b le w itc h -h u n t w h ile i t lasted — are c le a rly seen as due to lack o f inves tm en t in ex tra p la n t (because i t is “ u n p ro fit ­able,” the T o ry m in is te rs e x ­p la in ed ) and the general s tin g i-

World EventsChina Honors Cuba

The governm ent o f C h ina has issued s ix new postage stamps hono ring the fo u r th ann ive rsa ry o f the tr iu m p h o f the Cuban R ev­o lu tio n . Some have F id e l Castro ’s p ic tu re on them and such slogans as, “ L e t ’s d r iv e back im p e ria lis t aggressions.”

Support For AngolaP re m ie r Ben B e lla has an­

nounced th a t A lg e ria has g iven arm s to A ngo lan insurgents and was prepared to g ive m ore. Ben B e lla also said th a t A lg e ria n o f­fice rs w ere tra in in g rebels fro m the Portuguese W est A fr ic a n T e r­r ito ry .

Anything tor Co-ExistenceA specia l d ispatch to the P h ila ­

de lph ia In q u ire r fro m London on fo x h u n tin g reports : “ W hen p in k - coated ‘Reds’ s ta rted r id in g to hounds in E ng land rece n tly no t a B r it is h eyebrow was raised. ‘They im m e d ia te ly grasped the purpose o f the h u n t,’ said the H u n t M aster, re fe rr in g to th ree S ov ie t d ip lom ats w ho jo in e d the Cottesmore, crème de la crèm e o f B r it is h hunts. ‘They w ere shouting T a lly h o the m in u te I gave the o rde r.’ ”

Soviet Automation“ Now th a t the na tio n a l econ­

om y is deve lop ing w ith g ian t strides, the o ld m ethods o f m an­agem ent are no longer app licab lé ,” said M ichae l R akovsky, v ice - cha irm an o f the state com m ittee

fo r au tom ation and m achine b u ild ­ing in the S oviet U n ion . M ost Russian shops and o ffices fig u re th e ir accounts on the abacus, w h ic h w i l l be rep laced w ith a na ­tio n w id e system o f e lec tron ic com pu ting centers. R akovsky said th a t w hen i t was com pleted the e lec tron ic system w o u ld replace abou t 3,000,000 w o rke rs now em ­ployed in accoun ting operations.

Suez Canal Fully Paid ForL a s t m on th the f in a l paym ents

o f the $80 m il lio n com pensation to shareholders o f the o ld Suez Canal Com pany w ere made by Egypt. The Suez Canal w h ich E gyp t na tiona lized s ix and a h a lf years ago has been ru n since no t o n ly e ff ic ie n t ly b u t p ro fita b ly .

Singapore Jails 97 SocialistsIn te rn a l S ecu rity M in is te r Dato

Is m a il o f the governm ent o f S ingapore announced on Feb. 2 th a t 97 le ft is ts had been arrested to p re ven t a “ C om m unis t Cuba in S ingapore.” Is m a il said th a t the ta rge t o f the po lice action was the B arisan S oc ia lis t O pposition P arty .

The B arison Socialists oppose the inc lus ion o f S ingapore in the p ro jected M alays ian Federation n e x t A ugust. Ism a il, a M aylayan m em ber o f the In te rn a l S ecu rity C ouncil, charged th a t the Socialists supported an u p ris in g against the B r it is h in o i l- r ic h Borneo te r r i­to ries in Decem ber. M ay laya , m eanw hile , ordered 800 troops bound fo r U N d u ty in the Congo

A N O T H E R V IS IO N . Gen. de G au lle , w ho dream s o f resto ring the im p e ria lis t “ g ran d eu r” of F ran ce , is now g iv in g K e n n ed y a h a rd t im e by a tte m p tin g to forge a W est European “ th ird fo rce .”

to stay home to he lp the B r it is h counter Indonesia ’s announced support o f the Borneo rebels.

Dig a ProtestThe B ava rian State Suprem e

C o u rt has ru led th a t d igg ing holes in a pu b lic p a rk is a le g itim a te fo rm o f protest. Last year three men w ere caught d igg ing fo x ­holes in M u n ic h ’s M a x im ilia n Square and w ere fin e d $12.50 each fo r “ r id ic u lin g a governm ent pam ph le t recom m ending w ays t o ' su rv ive an atom ic b last.” The Su­prem e C o u rt said c r it ic is m can be expressed by o ther means than w ords and th a t the m en w ere on ly exe rc is ing the r ig h t to express an op in ion .

New Polish Penal CodeThe new Po lish pena l code p ro ­

vides ha rshe r pena lties fo r m any offenses. Drunkeness o r laziness on the jo b can ne t the o ffen de r f iv e years in ja il, and a m an w ho spends his pay d r in k in g o r gam b­lin g can get up to th ree years. D ivo rce has been made m ore ex ­pensive and m ore d i f f ic u lt to ob­ta in . P arents whose ch ild re n com ­m it m isdem eanors become lia b le to tw o years in prison, even i f the y are to ta lly unaw are o f the offense.

C a p ita l pun ishm en t is p rov ided fo r 24 offenses, f iv e per cent o f a l l lis ted offenses. Gen. K az im ie rz W itaszew ski, an o ffic e -h o ld e r d u r­in g the S ta lin era, w ho heads the C om m unis t P a r ty ’s a d m in is tra tive departm ent, said th a t the new code is s t i l l too weak.

ness o f the governm ent when it comes to pu b lic services.

In a un ite d Europe o r ou t, the ca p ita lis t rem edy rem a ins the same fo r a ll the econom ic ills : costs have got to be cut, in d u s try m ust be m ore e ff ic ie n t to meet com petition . W hat th is means is no t o n ly emphasized by the g ro w ­in g unem p loym ent figu res, w h ich inc lude a la rge p ro p o rtio n due to au tom ation ; i t is also made clear by the o u tc ry th a t has gone ou t against s trikes and the ca ll to keep wages “ in lin e w ith p roduc­t iv i t y . ”

In fact, the figu res show th a t the B r it is h w o rke rs do no t in ­tend to take any a ttack on them ly in g down, and th a t they mean to increase th e ir share o f the “ na tiona l cake,” as the saying goes. G overnm en t s ta tis tics c la im th a t in the course o f 1962 the num ber o f w o rke rs in vo lve d in s trikes was the h ighest since 1926 (the yea r o f the general s tr ik e ) ; th a t m ore w o rke rs received in ­creases in wages th is yea r than in any yea r on record.

O bv ious ly , the w o rke rs ’ mood is a m il ita n t one. A n in d ica tio n th a t i t w i l l con tinue is the au tho riza ­t io n o f an o ff ic ia l s tr ik e a t the g reat Dagenham F ord w o rks over the dism issal o f m il ita n t shop stewards.

W ith the so-ca lled “ T o ry ” im age in ta tte rs — unem p loym ent and in d u s tr ia l un rest a t home r ip p in g aw ay the f ic t io n o f the a ff lu e n t “ one n a tio n ” m y th ; de G au lle and K ennedy between them b a tte rin g B r ita in ’s pow er status in the w o rld — the fo rtunes o f the M a cm illa n governm ent are a t lo w ebb. The com ing o f a L a b o u r governm ent in the next, e lections is taken as a foregone conclusion. A n d th is, de­sp ite the recent loss by the La bo u r

P a rty o f H ugh G a itske ll, the leader whose p u b lic f ig u re had been c a re fu lly b u ilt up ove r years, and w ho gained m ore o r less u n ­challenged ascendancy o n ly a fte r m any b itte r ba ttles w ith the p a r ty ’s le f t w ing.

G a its k e ll’s unexpected death a t the age o f 56 has been made an occasion fo r n a tion a l m o u rn in g by the powers th a t be and th e ir es tab lishm ent in a w a y u n p re ­cedented fo r a L a b o u r leader, w ith a ll the can t and h yp ocrisy th a t th is ca lls fo r th , i n the L a b o u r P a r ty itse lf, i t has produced a new f lu id ity . C om m enting w ith sym pa thy on the personal tragedy, the le f t -w in g jo u rn a ls m ince no w ords abou t th e ir con tinued op­pos ition to the G a its k e ll lin e and a ll i t stood fo r ; crass class co l­la bo ra tion , n a tio n a lly and in te r ­n a tion a lly .

A s a la bo u r f ig u re , the h igh p o in t in the li fe o f th is scion o f a fa m ily , th a t ca rried the w h ite m an ’s burden in the colonies, was h is decision to side w ith the w o rke rs w h ile he was a s tudent at O x fo rd U n iv e rs ity d u r in g the G eneral S tr ik e o f 1926. I t is d i f ­f ic u l t to f in d a s ing le actionth e re a fte r th a t m atched th is . On the c o n tra ry e v e ry th in g he d id the re a fte r seemed ca lcu la ted tow ip e ou t th is m e rit, in c lu d in g h is cam paign against A n e u r in Bevan, w ho p a r t ic u la r ly aroused theha tred o f the ru lin g class th ro u g h ­out the years. Bevan d ied a t peace w ith G a itske ll, b u t he got no ac­colades o r eulogies fro m the Tories lik e the la tte r.

C ircum stances shaping u p in B r ita in today u n m is ta ka b ly p o in t to renewed f lu id it y in the L a b o u r P a rty and a re v iv a l o f its le ft w ing.

— T. J. Peters

... Rigged Nicaragua Election(Continued from Page 1)

ers a day ’s pay fo r com ing and d is tr ib u tin g one-C ordoba b ills (abou t 15c) to ch ild re n in the audience.

A guero w ith d re w fro m the elec­tion , p o in tin g ou t th a t i t was rigged. P resident Somoza, A nasta - sio’s son, to ld fo re ign newsm en w ho asked w h y he had stopped opposition rad io broadcasts: “ In m y op in ion the masses o f the peo­p le are no t re a lly ready to u n ­derstand the cou n try 's s itu a tio n .”

A restra ined a rtic le in the Feb. 2 C h ris tia n Science M o n ito r p a r t­ly describes th a t s itu a tio n as fo l­low s: “ Each m em ber o f the L ib ­e ra l P a rty has an id e n tific a tio n card th a t o ften b rings k in d tre a t­m en t fro m the po lice i f he is arrested . . . There has been at least one p o lit ic a l m u rd e r by gov­e rnm en t troops in recent m onths . . . H ig h o ffic ia ls in a ll gove rn ­m en t departm ents have b u ilt up personal fo rtunes.”

On e lection day the re was r io t ­in g by students p ro tes ting the fra u d a t the polls. Several persons w ere k il le d and others wounded by Somoza’s police. A guero was p u t

un de r house a rres t and severa l o f h is fo llo w e rs w ere w ounded.

The U n ited Press reports th a t w hen K ennedy v is its Costa R ica M arch 18 one o f his tasks w i l l be to “ reassure the s ix chiefs o f state o f con tinued U.S. p ro te c tion .” T h a t is, con tinued U.S. p ro te c tion o f the Somoza d ic ta to rsh ip am ong others.

A RARE BARGAINFoundations

Of ChristianityBy Karl Kautsky

The classic M a rx is t work on the sub ject

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Pioneer Publishers 116 University Place New York 3, N .Y .

Page Six THE M IL IT A N T Monday, February 11, 1963

‘J im m ii i i i t im u im m m iu im m ii miiiiiiii'MimmimiiiiimiimiiiiiiiiumiimiinmiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiimnmii iimimii;iiiiiiiiiirimiiitiii:m:iM!i iiiiiiinii: : : iriiuiiiiii ni' 1 H h iiiiiiii iiir iiiiiii'il riiifnii'iiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiii r iiiiiiniir iiiiiiiiiiii : ; iiiiiipriiiiiiiiii1 iiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiii n iiiiiiii il I ' iiiiiiiiiii I iiiiiiiiiii: iiiiiiiiiii ; iiiiiiiiiiriiiiniii nun illuni iiiiiiiiiiii I iiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiMH

The Negro Demands,'Freedom Now!’

B y George B re itm a n

“ N o w !” says the m il ita n t Negro o f h is dem and fo r e q ua lity .

“ N e ve r!” says the w h ite supre­m acist.

“ L a te r,” say an increasing n u m ­be r o f w h ite libe ra ls .

T h is w ay o f posing th ings, as M u rra y F riedm an has done in his a rtic le , “ The W h ite L ib e ra l’s Re­tre a t,” in the Jan ua ry A tla n t ic , is v e ry apt. In a nu tshe ll i t exp la ins w h y so m any m il ita n t Negroes arc b it te r abou t lib e ra ls and lib e ra l­ism ( in c lu d in g m ost un ion lead­ers) .

O f course lib e ra ls s t i l l say they fa v o r e q u a lity too. B u t the y w a n t i t eve n tua lly , g ra d u a lly , la te r — th a t is, no t now . A n d today they w a n t i t la te r than the y d id ten years ago. R ecogn ition o f th is fac t is indispensab le fo r a ll the forces th a t stand fo r F reedom Now.

U se fu l Testim ony

W ha t makes F rie d m a n ’s te s ti­m ony p a r t ic u la r ly use fu l is th a t he is a w h ite lib e ra l h im se lf, no t a N egro o r rad ica l. H o understands th a t “ the Negro w i l l accept n o ­th in g sho rt o f firs t-c la s s c it iz e n ­ship, now ,” and he is a fra id th a t i f the lib e ra ls con tinue w ith th e ir “ re tre a t,” the c iv i l- r ig h ts s tru g ­gle m ay tu rn “ in new and soc ia lly irrespons ib le d irec tions, perhaps in the fu r th e r g ro w th o f the rac is t, N egro n a tio n a lis t m ovem ent.”

To p re ven t tha t, F riedm an speaks q u ite p la in ly to his fe llo w - lib e ra ls , so ften ing his c r it ic is m by saying “ m an y” lib e ra ls w hen he should say “ m ost.” F o llo w in g is the g is t o f h is re p o rt on w h a t is happening:

W h ite lib e ra ls are ha v in g “ sec­ond though ts ” since the Suprem e C o u rt decision on the pu b lic schools in 1954.

B eg in n in g around 1957, w hen the Southern w h ite suprem acists s ta rted to resist school desegrega­tio n v io le n tly , a “ s h ift in a tt itu d e ” became no ticcab le am ong “ b e tte r- educated w h ites .” “ Increas ing ly , the y have been w i l l in g to accept a s low er and sm a lle r am ount o f desegregation in the S outh .”

“ N o rth e rn o p in io n ” has “ accept­ed token in te g ra tion , the device S outherners have s k i l l fu l ly fash ­ioned to avo id the consequences o f in te g ra tio n .”

N o rth e rn L ib e ra ls

In the N o rth w h ite lib e ra ls have he lped to pass loca l and state a n ti- d is c r im in a tio n law s in housing and schooling. “ Y e t they themselves have been m ov ing to the fa rth e s t reaches o f the c ities and to the suburbs. They have pushed up the en ro llm e n t a t p r iv a te and pa roch ia l schools, (a n d ) shu t th e ir eyes to the w idespread p ractice o f g e rrym an de ring o f school d is tr ic t lines to avo id in te g ra tio n . . . The re su lt is th a t m any libe ra ls , w h ile opposed to co lo r lines, are he lp ing to m ake these lines s tronger and t ig h te r.”

The w h ite lib e ra l is also “ in ­c reas ing ly uneasy about the na ­tu re and consequences o f the Negro re v o lt.” He is d is tu rbe d th a t h is m ethods (lega l action, co n c ilia tio n , com prom ise, etc.) are “ now labe led too s low b y new er N egro (and some w h ite ) ‘d ire c t ac tion is ts ,’ w ho have tu rned to s it- in s and boycotts in the N o rth as w e ll as in the South, ‘bu y B la c k ’ cam paigns, and s tr id e n t

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demands by Negro leaders tha t Negroes be elected o r appointed to o ffice on a fra n k ly ra c ia l basis. There has also been a g ro w th in the Negro n a tio n a lis t m ovem ent.”

Negro c ritic ism s o f the w h ite lib e ra l anger h im because he feels they m ake “ l i t t le o r no d is tin c tio n between frien ds and enemies.”

L ib e ra l w h ites are also “ d is ­enchanted” w ith the new Negro because they rea lize “ they are be ing th ru s t aside fro m positions o f leadersh ip in the c iv i l- r ig h ts e ffo rt. H a v ing con tro lled th is f ig h t fo r so long and d ic ta ted m uch of its s tra tegy, the libe ra ls resent be ing pushed ou t.”

W ant No T roub le

“ In the f in a l analysis, a lib e ra l, w h ite , m idd le -c lass society w ants to have change, b u t w ith o u t troub le . A n d th is an aroused Negro com m u n ity cannot p ro v id e . . . In his concern about avo id ing social tu rm o il in race re la tions, the lib e ra l w h ite stands in danger o f t ry in g to con ta in the c iv i l- r ig h ts revo lu tion . He cannot do th is , nor w ou ld i t be w ise to do so i f he cou ld .”

A n d F riedm an sums up the issues behind the g ro w in g gap between w h ite lib e ra lis m and the Negro com m u n ity th is w ay: “ M any libe ra ls are h in t in g to a restless Negro group th a t they postpone th e ir m ost u rg en t de­mands because m any Negroes are no t ye t ready to be in tegra ted in to a w h ite m idd le -c lass society and the social cost, in term s of co n flic t, m ay be too h ig h .”

N o t ye t ready; change, b u t w i th ­ou t troub le ; la te r — these tire d tunes used to be p a rt o f the an­c ien t them e song o f the most rea c tion a ry section o f ou r rac is t society. B u t the W h ite libe ra ls , w ith h a rd ly a catch in th e ir throats, have taken them over and are s ing ing them loud and clear.

“ N o t Yet Ready”

“ N ot ye t ready . . .” Before F rie d m a n ’s a rtic le , John F ischer o f H arpers was in so le n tly dem and­in g th a t Negroes s low up th e ir f ig h t in o rder to concentra te on “ changes in the habits, character and am b itions o f a lo t o f Negroes.” Since F rie d m a n ’s a rtic le , another w h ite lib e ra l, H e rm an P. M ille r , te lls Negroes to go in fo r “ se lf- im p rovem e n t” because “ N o th in g is ga ined by in te g ra tin g a com ­m u n ity w hen the o lde r residents m ove ou t because th e ir new ne igh ­bors are n e ith e r pleasant nor desirab le .” ( N a tio n . Jan. 26). W ho needs enemies w hen you have “ fr ie n d s ” and se lf-appo in ted advisers lik e these?

“ Change, b u t w ith o u t troub le ...” I f th a t’s the c r ite r io n , then o f course the re never w i l l be any change, because “ tro u b le ” o r ig in ­ates fro m the w h ite suprem acists and racists, w ho c e rta in ly w i l l use eve ry th in g in th e ir pow er, in ­c lu d in g vio lence, to m a in ta in the p riv ileges resu ltin g fro m the status quo. W ha t Negroes w a n t is change, p le n ty o f i t ; troub le , c o n flic t and s tr ife on th e ir p a rt is a ju s tif ie d reac tion to the w h ite suprem ac­ists, and the o n ly w ay in w h ich change can be achieved. F re d e rick Douglass cou ld have been ta lk in g about today ’s lib e ra ls w hen he said, over a cen tu ry ago:

“ I f the re is no s trugg le there is no progress. Those w ho profess to fa v o r freedom and ye t depre­cate ag ita tion , are m en w ho w an t crops w ith o u t p lo w in g up the ground, the y w a n t ra in w ith o u t th u n d e r and lig h tn in g . They w a n t the ocean w ith o u t the a w fu l roa r o f its m any w ate rs.” O u r libe ra ls don’t w a n t the g round p lowed, by themselves o r Negroes, because they don’t re a lly w a n t the crops.

“Later . . T h is is a conven ien t­

ly e lastic te rm . The on ly th in g d e fin ite about i t is th a t i t means not now , w h ich o f course is the most im p o rta n t th in g i t means. The second m ost im p o rta n t th in g is th a t i t leads to the question, how m uch la ter? Faced w ith th is question, there are no t m any l ib ­era ls who w i l l say, “ W e don’t kno w exa c tly how m uch la te r, b u t W E w i l l le t you kno w when the tim e comes.” Y e t th a t is w ha t they mean.

Scour the cou n try fro m the ro c k - ribbed coast o f M aine to the sun­ny shores o f C a lifo rn ia , and you w i l l never f in d a lib e ra l w ho says, “ L a te r means one yea r.” O r tw o years. O r f ive . Som ehow th e ir v is ion pe rm its them to see the prom ised land on ly a long w ay o f f — in term s o f generations at least.

T ake a p ro m in e n t governm enta l lib e ra l, fo r exam ple. A tto rn e y G eneral R obert K ennedy is in an exce llen t position to k n o w the tem po at w h ich the governm ent in tends to proceed in the f ie ld o f race re la tions. He announced, in 1961, th a t i t w o u ld be possible to e lect a Negro as p res iden t in 30 o r 40 years. So s tick w ith the K e n - n edys, boys, and “ cool o f f ” when they te ll you to, and the re m ay be a b lack man in the W hite House in the year 2000, w hen most o f us w i l l be dead. You have K e n ­nedy ’s w ord fo r it, w h ic h is a lm ost as good as an election prom ise.

“ Three Decades”

N on-governm en t lib e ra ls use d iffe re n t language, b u t they agree w ith K ennedy on w h a t “ la te r” means. D r. A rn o ld Rose, in an in ­trodu c tion to the 20 th -ann ive rsa ry ed itio n o f G unnar M y rd a l’s A n A m e rica n D ilem m a, recen tly w ro te : “ I ven tu re to p re d ic t the end o f a ll fo rm a l segregation w ith in a decade, and the decline o f in fo rm a l segregation and d isc r im in a tio n so th a t i t w ou ld be a m ere shadow in tw o decades. The dynam ic social forces c rea t­in g in e q u a lity w ill, I p red ic t, be p ra c tic a lly e lim in a ted in th ree decades.”

Suppose the y are w rong about th is m odern vers ion o f p ie - in - th e - sky - i f - o n ly - th e -N e g ro -w il l-w a it - a n d -d o -a s -h e -is -to ld - in -th e -m e a n - tim e? I t w i l l be no sk in o f f th e ir backs. I t isn ’t the K e n n edys or Roses w ho are be ing advised to w a it another h a lf o f a life tim e be­fo re they can hope to be treated as firs t-c la ss citizens. I t isn ’t the w h ite lib e ra ls w ho are be ing to ld they m ust reconcile them selves to ha v in g th e ir c h ild re n g row up d u rin g a l l o f th e ir fo rm a tiv e years w ith in fe r io r schools, worse jobs, lo w e r pay, few e r r ig h ts , poorer hea lth and sho rte r life expectancy.

A D im e a Dozen

Such p red ic tions are a d im e a dozen, exa c tly w h a t the y are w o rth . A na lys is provides a m uch be tte r gu ide to action fo r the F ree­dom N ow forces. A na lys is leads, a t the v e ry least, to the asking of the r ig h t questions:

W hat causes ra c ia l oppression? Is n ’t i t econom ica lly the d riv e fo r p ro f it and p o lit ic a lly the desire to keep the exp lo ited d iv ide d and fig h t in g each o ther along co lor lines so th a t they can’t u n ite against th e ir com m on exp lo ite r? W il l the b ig business ru le rs o f our cou n try ever g ive up such p ro ­f ita b le advantages w ith o u t be ing forced to? W il l they consent to a p o lit ic a l re v o lu tio n in the South ( th a t ’s w ha t e q u a lity fo r the N egro w i l l mean the re ) when they kn o w th a t such a p o lit ic a l re v o lu tio n w i l l tend to become a social re vo lu tio n , and could not be con fined to the South? I f i t took a second A m e rica n re v o lu tio n to end

cha tte l s lavery , w h a t reason is there to th in k th a t the present ru l in g class in tends to abolish ra c ia l oppression in o u r tim e?

The answers to these and re la t­ed questions w i l l p ro v id e a m uch be tte r p ic tu re o f w h a t the fu tu re holds, o f how racism w i l l be e lim ­inated, and w hen — no t in term s o f dates, b u t as the resu lt o f ce r­ta in k inds o f preced ing struggles.

There used to be an ad th a t asked, “ E ve n tu a lly — w h y no t now ?” Some libe ra ls , as w e have seen, open ly answer, “ Because you (th e N egro) are n o t ye t ready,” w hen the t ru th is th a t i t is the lib e ra l w ho is n o t ready, and he is n o t ready because the w h ite suprem acist is no t ready. M ost libe ra ls , s licker, answer, “ W e ll, obv ious ly , a change o f th is m agnitude cannot be made ove r­n ig h t.”

O v e rn ig h t has been a long long tim e ,not ju s t years o r decades, b u t centuries. A nd w h a t is “ ob­v ious” to the w h ite lib e ra l is no longer obvious to the Negro, and the rad ica l. D o m ina tion by w h ite exp lo ite rs o f la bo r has been ended in la rge pa rts o f the w o rld . A nd closer to home, in Cuba, w here Negroes arc a m in o r ity o f the popu la tion too, rac ia l oppression

was ended l i te ra lly ove rn igh t.I t was done no t on ly fast, b u t

easily. The re v o lu tio n a ry gove rn ­m en t headed by Castro decided th a t d isc r im in a tio n and segrega­tion had to go. N o t g ra du a lly , no t la te r, b u t r ig h t aw ay and a lto ­gether. A n d th a t’s how J im C row w e n t ou t in Cuba.

Nobody w a ited fo r the Cuban cap ita lis ts to get “ ready” ; they packed th e ir bags and l i t o u t fo r M ia m i pronto , o r fas te r w ith a ll th e ir p re jud ice . Nobody w a ited fo r o ther biased w h ites to lose th e ir p re jud ices g ra d u a lly ; they saw th a t the governm ent m eant bus i­ness and th a t they had to ad ju s t themselves to the new setup w ith ­ou t a da y ’s de lay, and the y d id . A l l th a t was needed was a re v ­o lu tio n a ry governm ent, im bued w ith the de te rm in a tion and w i l l to abolish racism , roo t and branch, and suddenly i t became obvious th a t everybody was ready fo r it , each in his ow n w ay, and th a t the change was long overdue.

The tim e to s ta rt w o rk in g fo r th a t w in d o f governm ent in ou r cou n try is now. A clean break w ith lib e ra lism , and a ll o f its prem ises, po lic ies and methods, is an essential step in th a t d irec tio n . I t is hea rten ing to see how fast th a t b reak is proceeding today.

Local DirectoryBO STO N . Boston L a b o r F o ru m , 295

H u n tin g to n A ve ., Room 200.

C H IC A G O . S o c ia lis t W o rke rs P a rty , 302 S ou th Canal St. R oom 210. W E 9-5044. It no answ er, c a ll H U 6-7025.

C L E V E L A N D . Eugene V . Debs H a ll, Room 23, 5927 E u c lid A ve ., C leve land 3, O hio.

D E N V E R , M ili ta n t L a b o r F o ru m , 1227 C a lifo rn ia . M a in 3-0993. F o r la b o r and so­c ia lis t books In te rn a tio n a l B ook E x ­change 1227V£ C a lifo rn ia . Open 5:30 p.m . to 8 p.m . M on. th ro u g h F r i.

D E TR O IT . Eugene V . Debs H a ll. 3737 W oodw ard . T E m p le 1-6135.

LOS A N G E LE S . S o c ia lis t W o rke rs P a r­ty , 1702 East F o u rth St. A N 9-4953 o r W E 5-9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m . d a ily and S a tu rday.

M IL W A U K E E . 150 E. Juneau A ve .

M IN N E A P O L IS . S o c ia lis t W orke rs P a rty and L a b o r B ook S tore, 704 H ennep in A ve ., H a ll 240. F E d e ra l 2-7781. Open 1 to 5 p .m ., M onday th ro u g h F r id a y , S a t­u rda y , 11 a .m .-5 p .m .

N E W A R K . N e w a rk L a b o r F o ru m , B o x 361 N e w a rk , N ew Jersey.

NEW Y O R K C IT Y . M i l i ta n t L a b o r F o ru m . 116 U n iv e rs ity P lace. A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D -B E R K E L E Y . L a b o r B ook Shop and S o c ia lis t W orke rs P a rty , 563 16th St., O ak land 12, C a lif. T E 6-2077. I f no answ er c a ll 261-5642.

P H IL A D E L P H IA . M i l i ta n t L a b o r F o rumand S oc ia lis t W o rke rs P a rty , P.O. B o x 8412, P h ila d e lp h ia 1, Pa

S A N FR A N C IS C O . M ili ta n t L a b o r F o r­um . T e m p o ra r ily c /o O a k la n d -B e rke le y (see above).

ST. LO U IS . Phone M a in 1-2669. A sk fo r D ic k C la rke .

8 A N D IE G O . San D iego L a b o r F o ru m . P.O . B o x 1581, San O iego 12, C a lif. F o r la b o r a :id so c ia lis t books. S ign o f the Sun Books, 4705 C ollege A ve .

S E A T T LE , 1412 18th A ve ., E A 5-0191. L ib ra ry , bookstore . Open 12 noon to 5 p .m . Saturdays.

O U S T E D F R O M U N . O ne o f a group o f m ilita n t dem onstrators fo rc ib ly ejected fro m U N vis ito rs ’ g a lle ry w h e re th ey staged a protest dem onstration at tim e of m u rd e r of L u m u m b a . Increasing num bers o f figh ters against J im C ro w in th is co untry see th e m ­selves as jo ined in comm on cause w ith those s trugg ling fo r in ­dependence fro m colonialism .

'Later,' Says the W hite Liberal

Monday, February 11, 1963 THE M IL IT A N T Page Seven

L e t t e r s F r o m O u r R e a d e r s

'Murdered' vs. 'Lynched'A lbuquerque , N .M .

I im ag ine th a t “ lynched” carries a grea te r em otiona l im pact than “ shot,” else E ve lyn Sell w ou ld have used the la tte r in her a r­t ic le ( M il ita n t , Dec. 24, 1962)w here the death o f P resbyterian M in is te r E lija h Love joy , w ho was m urdered by a h a il o f b u lle ts on Nov. 7, 1837 in A lto n , I l l ., is de­scribed.

T he h a ll w h ich is m entioned —• F aneu il H a ll, Boston, Mass., — was o r ig in a lly refused b u t ve ry s h o rtly th re a fte r ren ted to the A b o litio n is ts . See the “ Selected W rit in g s o f John Chapm an,” pp. 65-66, F a rra r, Strauss and C u­dahy, 1957. As w ith m any o f yo u r artic les, th is one cou ld have done w ith a touch less em otiona lism and a t r i f le m ore research and reference.

Reader

f in the a rtic le , “ H ow School Books D is to rt Negro H is to ry ,”

10 YE A RS AGO

IN T H E M I L I T A N T“ A U.S. o ff ic e r in K o rea has

been co u rtm a rtia le d fo r beating and k ic k in g to death a Korean P resby te rian m in is te r. The o ffic e r b roke in to a sm ile w hen the cou rt m a r t ia l announced a tw o -y e a r sentence. Rev. E. O tto de Camp, head o f the P resby te rian m ission in K orea said o f the l ig h t sen­tence: ‘T h is w i l l be the biggest b lo w to C h r is t ia n ity in A sia since i t was in troduced by the f irs t m iss ionaries.’ C hun P il Sun, head o f the P resbyte rian C hurch in Seoul, declared: ‘ I t is obvious now the li fe of a K orean means n o th ­in g to the U n ited States A rm y .’ ” — Feb. 9, 1953.

20 YE A R S AGO“ The G erm an fascists, ree ling

un de r the b low s o f the Red A rm y , are a tte m p tin g to e xp la in aw ay th e ir defeats . . .

“ Hans F ritsche, Nazi m il ita ry com m entator, spoke to the G e r­m an people on Jan. 27 and said, ‘O n ly now do w e kn o w w h a t te r ­r i f ic masses o f arm s and reserves the S oviet U n ion had stored up .’

“ B u t i t is m ore tha n a question o f ‘stored u p ’ planes and tanks and guns — i t is a question of p roduc ing new ones to replace those w o rn ou t o r lo s t in action. In th is respect the S ov ie t U n ion has accom plished w h a t appears to the cap ita lis t w o r ld to be m irac les of produc tion . T hey have con­ve rted the en tire econom y to w a r p roduc tion . T hey have transported w ho le indus tries ou t o f the ba ttle zones and re located them deep in the rear. M oreover, m any p lan ts have even continued to produce sinews o f w a r un de r the ve ry m uzzle o f enem y cannon. A nd th roughou t, the Red A rm y has re ­ceived a steady f lo w o f new and im p roved arm s w ith w h ic h to b a t­t le the fascists.

“ A n d fro m w h a t source do these seem ing m irac les flo w ? F rom the s e lf-s a c rif ic in g Russian w o rke rs p roduc ing un de r soc ia lis t m ethods

“ The s u p e r io r ity o f the Soviet p ro d u c tive system was ir re fu ta b ly dem onstra ted in peacetim e when . . . the USSR made g igan tic leaps in in d u s try and a g ric u ltu re under the F ive Y ea r P lans. The su­p e r io r ity o f the S oviet p ro du c tive system is now be ing dem onstrated un de r w a rtim e conditions. B u t u n ­der S ta lin the fu l l advantages of the Soviet system are no t re a l­ized . . .

“ S ov ie t in d u s try and thereby S ovie t m il ita ry pow er w o u ld be im m easurab ly strengthened were the fre e ly elected Soviets and trade un ions restored.” — Feb. 6, 1943.

E ve lyn Sell w ro te : “ A n ti-s la v e ry newspapers were destroyed and a b o litio n is t ed ito rs p h ys ica lly a t­tacked. Each den ia l o f lib e r ty was q u ic k ly fo llow e d by another. W hen E lija h Lo ve joy , an a b o lit io n is t ed i­to r, was lynched his fr ien ds a t­tem pted to ho ld a p u b lic m eeting. T hey could n o t re n t a h a ll. T h is was in the N o rth ! Even freedom of assem bly was attacked by the needs o f the slave system .”

T he unabridged W ebster’s d ic ­tio n a ry defines “ ly n c h ” : “ To in ­f l ic t punishm ent, especia lly death, upon, w ith o u t the fo rm s o f law , as when a m ob captures and hangs a suspected person.” Its d e fin it io n of “ ly n c h - la w ” includes the phrase “ m ob m u rd e r.”

“ Reader” is co rrect th a t F aneu il H a ll was f ir s t denied and then ren ted to the A b o litio n is ts fo r a m eeting to pro test the k i l l in g o f Love joy . W hen the news o f Lo ve - jo y ’s death reached Boston Nov. 19, 1837 a group o f p ro m ine n t citizens made app lica tion fo r the use o f F aneu il H a ll, then m u n ic i­p a lly owned. A p p lic a tio n was re ­jec ted by the m ayo r and board of a lderm en on the ground th a t the c ou n try m ig h t regard the m eeting as “ the p u b lic voice o f the c ity .” T h is provoked a s to rm y p ro test and the o ffic ia ls f in a lly y ie lded to the m assive a g ita tio n and gave perm iss ion fo r a m eeting on Dec. 8 — w ith the p ro v is io n th a t i t be he ld in the m o rn in g to avo id “ d iso rde r.” These facts, w e sug­gest, c o n firm E ve lyn S e ll’s p o in t about s lavery and curbs on freedom o f assembly.

W e fa v o r a m a x im u m o f re ­search fo r ou r a rtic les and, w ith in the lim ita t io n s o f a sm all s ta ff and m eager resources, s tr iv e to do our best in th is .

W e do n o t fa v o r su b s titu tin g em otiona lism fo r facts. B u t we also do no t re q u ire o f ou r w r ite rs th a t they d ives t themselves o f a ll em o tiona l reaction to the facts they are presenting. W e th in k , fo r exam ple, th a t E ve lyn S e ll has a r ig h t to be in d ig n a n t about how school books d is to rt Negro h is to ry and th a t he r in d ig n a tio n is w a r­ran ted by the facts she presented. E d it o r .]

On the BeachN ew Y o rk , N .Y.

R ecently I w a tched a T V show ­in g o f the m ovie, On the Beach, a s to ry o f the last su rv ivo rs o f the Bom b. The s to ry obv ious ly has no t lo s t its im p ac t since the T V producers, as a lw ays, cu t i t to pieces in o rd e r to “ tone i t dow n .” B y the tim e they w ere fin ishe d the f i lm d id n ’t even seem real. Jus t the e ffec t the y w ere s tr iv in g fo r, no doubt.

F o r exam ple, the re is one scene in w h ich the subm arine makes a t r ip fro m A u s tra lia to San F ra n ­cisco to investiga te a ra d io signa l and a m an ju m p s sh ip near his hom e in C a lifo rn ia . The o rig in a l f i lm shows the sa ilo r w a lk in g th rou gh the streets and seeing people hang ing lim p ou t o f the w indow s.

In the T V vers ion , the m an is seen ro w in g tow a rd shore and th a t’s it .

O th e r p a r t ic u la r ly shocking scenes w ere cu t too. B u t even then the y cou ldn ’t le t w e ll enough alone. A m a z in g ly enough, they had le f t in the scene in w h ich the au tho r expressed his conv ic tion th a t people doom themselves the m in u te they accept the be lie f tha t the w ay to p reven t a tom ic a n ih ila - t io n is to develop weapons so dan­

gerous th a t no one could use them w ith o u t e x tin g u ish in g li fe a lto ­gether.

A f te r th is, an announcer te lls the v iew ers th a t in o rd e r to p re v ­en t the h o rro r shown in On the Beach w e m ust b u ild b igger and m ore le th a l weapons than ever be­fore!

I t makes you w onder w h y they show film s on ly to cu t them to pieces, p a r t ic u la r ly w hen they leave in the message and be lieve the audience dum b enough to ac­cept th e ir ow n “ message” w h ich f la t ly con trad ic ts the one so e f­fe c tiv e ly made in the f ilm .

W hy no t ju s t produce th e ir ow n show w ith th e ir ow n ca p ita lis t ideas in i t and no t waste th e ir m oney and m y tim e tam pe ring w ith others.

M .H .

New Punch LineM inneapo lis , M inn .

Las t S a tu rday n igh t, on the Jack ie Gleason te lev is ion program , com edian Jackie M iles to ld an old an ti-co m m u n is t jo ke ; bu t the laugh was som eth ing new.

M iles was com paring a race­tra ck to u t to a com m unist. The laugh was supposed to be in re ­sponse to the line : “ N e ith e r one ever had anyth ing , hasn’t got a n y ­th ing , o r ever w i l l have an y th in g — b u t the y ’re go ing to show you how to get e ve ry th in g .”

How ever, i t was the n e x t line w h ich got the laugh w hen M iles added: “ T h a t isn ’t a ve ry good jo ke b u t i t keeps me fro m be ing investiga ted .”

I t w o u ld seem th a t bo th the com edian and audience evidenced g ro w in g p o lit ic a l awareness, w h ile

H e’s A rrived — T h is yea r’s N o tre Dam e S en ior class aw ard fo r p a trio tis m w i l l go to U N A m ­bassador A d la i Stevenson. P re v i­ous p riz e -w in n e rs inc lude John F. Kennedy, R icha rd N ixo n and J. Edgar Hoover.

Tough-Situation Dep’t — TheJan. 28 P o rtla n d O regonian re ­po rted on the d iff ic u lt ie s o f 37 Cuban refugee fam ilie s in P o rt­land. Some o f them are jobless and on w e lfa re because they don ’t speak E ng lish o r have no w o rk experience. The O regonian was p a r t ic u la r ly touched by one p lig h t: “ In ano the r case — th a t o f a w id o w — the p rob lem a lm ost borders on tragedy. The wom an, w ho comes fro m a w e a lth y fa m ­i ly long associated in rea l estate and d ip lo m a tic c irc les in Cuba, is com p le te ly unequ ipped fo r em ­p loym ent. H a v in g servants to do e ve ry th in g fo r h e r since c h ild ­hood, the wom an has neve r had to l i f t a f in g e r to w o rk and now find s he rse lf in a s itua tion com ­p le te ly a lien to he r env ironm en t. She, too, is on w e lfa re .”

How ’s Your Old C hew y? —G enera l M otors racked up a net p ro f it in 1962 o f $1,459,000,000. T h a t’s m ore than any o ther bus i­ness has ever stashed aw ay in a s ing le year.

Ethical Drug Profits — Rem em ­ber the how ls o f the p i l l peddlers a t the K e fa u ve r com m ittee ’s re ­ve la tions o f s k y -h ig h p ro fits at the expense o f the sick? N ow one o f the m a jo r d ru g firm s , S m ith , K le in & French, reports th a t in 1962 i t en joyed a p ro f i t o f $30,527,- 600 a fte r taxes. T h a t represents a

the ru lin g class p robab ly d id n ’t th in k i t was ve ry fu n n y a t a ll.

J.K.W e Caught On

Canton, Mass.Enclosed f in d a check fo r $6 fo r

w h ich please send tw o copies o f each issue to me on subscrip tions.

I have been read ing y o u r catchy l i t t le paper at the U p to w n News Store in Boston b u t sometimes they m iss issues o r are sold out.

B e ing a w o rk in g person m yse lf and in te rested in the w o rk in g class m ovem ent I ’d lik e to keep abreast o f item s w h ic h I ’ve noticed seem to be fea tu red o n ly in you r f ie ry l i t t le sheet and the N a tion a l G uard ian . (T he same p ro cu re ­m ent cond itions ap p ly fo r th is w e ek ly also.) So, be ing a b it “ f lu s h ” f in a n c ia lly a t present, I ’m ge tting around to th a t subscrip tion I ’ve been p ro m is in g m yse lf fo r q u ite a w h ile .

E.T.Socialist Perspectives

N ew Y o rk , N. Y.Today A m erican y o u th is be­

g in n in g to rise up, some o n ly on an in te lle c tu a l leve l, some on the b a ttle fie ld s o f the c iv i l- r ig h ts strugg le . E ve ryw he re the re is con fusion and a lack o f o r ie n ta ­tion . W here does the fu tu re lie? W hat can w e do? W hat m ust we do? H ow can w e do it?

T he la b o r m ovem ent has, w ith ­in the life tim e o f the you th o f th is na tion , o ffe re d no d ire c tio n as i t d id in the 30s. Its bu reau­cra tiza tion has caused m any to tu rn in d isgust at the co rru p tio n and la ck o f f ig h t in g s p ir it . They do no t see the connection between the 30s, the present, and the fu -

re tu rn o f 17 per cent on sales o f $180,165,000. B y com parison, G M , no am ateur a t p ro fit-m a k in g , ne tted ten pe r cent o f its gross sales.

Visiting Hours Form ula — D re w Pearson’s Jan. 29 synd ica ted co l­um n reported : “ He was n o t on the o ff ic ia l l is t o f W h ite House callers, b u t John M urch ison , the Texas o il m illio n a ire , had a 90 -m inu te p r iv a te ta lk w ith P resident K e n ­nedy last w eek . . . M urch ison was in te rested in ta lk in g to K ennedy because he and o ther Texans are w o rr ie d about the 27% pe r cent o i l dep le tion a llow ance . . . M u r ­ch ison ’s pa rtn e r, B ed fo rd W ynne, had m as te r-m inded the lav ish $ l,0 00 -a -p la te th a t ra ised h a lf a m il lio n do lla rs fo r the D em ocratic P a rty so he had no tro u b le ge tting M urch ison in to see the President. J F K is fo llo w in g the E isenhow er ru le : The m ore cam paign m oney you g ive the longer you can ta lk p r iv a te ly in the W h ite House.”

M atter of Defin ition — A rizo na re a l estate au th o ritie s say they in te nd to crack dow n on m is lead­in g a d ve rtis ing o f land in the

tu re w h ich depends upon the re ­v ita liz a tio n o f the A m erican w o rk in g class.

A m erican you th do no t see at the present tim e the im p o rta n t connection, the necessary lin kag e between a fig h tin g , re v ita lize d , a n ti-b u re a u c ra tic la bo r m ovem ent and the success o f the independ­ent Negro strugg le . A m erican you th do not, see the necessary linkag e o f the peace m ovem ent to the m a in force in the U n ited States (and in the w o rld , fo r that m a tte r) w h ic h can and m ust tu rn aw ay fro m im p e ria lis t w a r, the w o rk in g class.

The Socialist W orkers P a rty , whose v iew s are found in The M ilita n t, po in ts the w a y to the fu tu re . Papers and magazines, such as the N a tion o r N a tio n a l G uard ian o ffe r im p o rta n t in fo r ­m ation w h ich cannot be acqu ired in the d a ily press. B u t The M i l i ­ta n t connects iso lated and separate struggles and puts fo rw a rd a b a t­t le p rogram fo r th e , fu tu re , fo r the ab o litio n o f hardsh ip , e x p lo it­a tion and im p e ria lis t w a r, fo r the estab lishm ent o f the p o lit ic a l ru le of the w o rk in g class and a ll the exp lo ited .

The reason th a t I w ro te th is le tte r is to express ce rta in ideas w h ich have been go ing th rou gh m y m ind . I w o u ld lik e to add, though, th a t I fee l th a t ha v in g a newspaper w ith a re v o lu tio n a ry perspective w i l l no t b r in g abou t socialism . T h a t w i l l take dedicated strugg le b y the re v o lu tio n a ry so­cia lis ts , by the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty , along the side o f a l l those w ho a re s tr iv in g fo r the crea tion o f the new socia lis t order. S.F.

state. One o f m any com p la in ts is abou t developers w ho advertise “ w a te r ava ila b le .” In some such cases the “ a va ila b le ” w a te r was in co in -opera ted m achines s ix m iles away.

Those D irty Reds — C atho lic you th leaders in E ng land have protested to the U.S. Embassy against the f lo w o f po rnograph ic lite ra tu re fro m th is cou n try . One C a tho lic spokesman tem pered his pro test w ith the suggestion th a t perhaps some o f the lite ra tu re was produced “ beh ind the iro n c u r ta in ” and was sent to the W est fo r purposes o f c o rru p tin g ou r w ay o f life .

I t Figures — Residents o f D a l­las, Texas, have fo llo w e d the p ro ­gress reports on an abandoned in ­fa n t s u ffe r in g fro m pneum onia. A Jan. 23 news b u lle t in fro m the M e tho d is t H osp ita l, w h ich took care o f the ch ild , repo rted he had recovered d u r in g h is tw o weeks stay and had ru n up a b i l l o f $340.95. The announcem ent co­inc ided w ith the re p o rt o f a deluge o f app lica tions to adopt the baby.

Thought fo r the Week“ In 1960, the re were a lm ost IOV2 m illio n A m erican fa m ilie s . . .

l iv in g in p o ve rty , w ith annua l incom es un de r $4,000 before taxes. A lm o s t 31/2 m illio n had annua l incom es unde r $2,000 — less tha n h a lf the am oun t needed to p lace them above the p o ve rty leve l . . . The fa m ilie s l iv in g in p o ve rty in 1960 w ere about 23 per cent o f a l l fa m ­ilies .’’ — F ro m P ove rty and D e p riva tion , A Conference on Econom ic Progress booklet.

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It Was Reported in the Press

Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, February 11, 1963

SNCC Benefit Concert Fills Carnegie Hall

N E W Y O R K — The th ird an­n iv e rs a ry o f the Greensboro, N.C., s it - in w h ic h s ta rted the S outh- w id e studen t pro test m ovem ent against ra c ia l segregation, was celebrated Feb. 1 by a concert here in Carnegie H a ll. The a n n i­ve rsa ry ce leb ra tion in N ew Y o rk C ity m ay yet p rove to be an im ­p o rta n t h is to r ic a l m ilestone itse lf.

I t was organized by and he ld fo r the b e n e fit o f the S tuden t N on­v io le n t C o -o rd in a tin g C om m ittee, the m il ita n t o rgan iza tion w h ich came ou t o f the s it- in s and w h ich has been spa rk in g the N egro v o te r-re g is tra tio n d rives and a n t i­segregation dem onstra tions in Georgia, A labam a, M iss iss ipp i and elsewhere in the South. T h is was the f ir s t a tte m p t o f the S ou the rn - based action group to h o ld a pu b ­l ic b e n e fit in N ew Y o rk C ity . Carnegie H a ll was f i l le d w ith young people and ove r 1,000 had to be tu rne d aw ay a fte r the t ic k ­ets w ere sold out.

Jail Veterans HonoredA m ong the en te rta ine rs w ho

donated th e ir services w ere Tony Bennet, R uby Dee, Ossie Davis, John H e n ry F au lk , C h a rlie M in ­gus, The lon ius M onk, and the H e rb ie M ann Sextet. A lso appear­in g w ere the Freedom singers, a p ro fe ss io n a l-q u a lity gospe l-s ty le group o f young people w ho have also been SNCC f ie ld secretaries active in the m ovem ent in A l ­bany, Ga., and elsewhere.

A t one p o in t in the program , m any you th active in the S ou th ­e rn c iv i l- r ig h ts s trugg le w ere ca lled onto the stage. The record o f each was b r ie f ly cited . Veterans o f the ja ils o f N ashv ille , Jackson, A lb an y , M onroe and B a ton Rouge took th e ir places on stage, w ith the greatest applause going to those w ith the longest ja i l records. T w o, whose names w ere ca lled though they w ere no t present, w ere SNCC E xecu tive S ecre tary James F orm an and C lyde K e n -

na rd (see s to ry page 1). F orm an has been hosp ita lized w ith an u lce r cond ition .

A f te r the lis t was com pleted, the s tagefu l o f veterans, along w ith fo lk singers G uy Carawan, Pete Seeger and the Freedom Singers, jo in e d in songs o f the m ovem ent.

A n im press ive p a rt o f the p ro ­gram was the speech by Charles M cDew. na tio n a l cha irm an o f SNCC. He rem inded the audience th a t people soon fo rge t the M ack P arke rs and E m m ett T ills , and

Boycott by Jackson Negroes Hits Firms Where It Hurts

Seven weeks ago the N A A C P Y o u th C ounc il o f N o rth Jackson, M iss iss ipp i, in co -opera tion w ith CORE and SNCC, ca lled upon Jackson Negroes to boyco tt 127 businesses w h ic h d isc rim in a te against Negro w o rke rs and cus­tom ers. Seventeen o f the boy­cotted stores be long to na tion a l chains, and the young c iv i l- r ig h ts f ig h te rs are u rg in g a na tion a l boyco tt against these chains.

The boyco tt leaders sent a lis t o f demands to the boycotted bus i­nesses: (1 ) h ir in g o f personnel on the basis o f personal m e rit w i th ­ou t regard to race, color, o r creed; and p rom otion o f personnel on the basis o f m e r it and se n io rity w ith o u t regard to race, co lor, o r creed; (2 ) an end to segregated d r in k in g foun ta ins, restrooms, and seating; (3 ) use o f courtesy tit le s as “ M rs ,” “ M iss,” and “ M r.” ; (4 ) service on a firs t-com e , f i r s t - served basis. These demands have been ignored so fa r.

Jackson, the state cap ita l, is also the n a tio n a l headquarters o f the W h ite C itizens C ouncils — and the businessmen, C itizens C oun­cils, rea c tion a ry p u b lic o ffic ia ls and po lice have m arsha lled eve ry weapon at th e ir com m and to break the boycott. S ix N A A C P students and a w h ite pro fessor and his w ife , a l l fro m Tougaloo College, w e re arrested w h ile p ic k e tin g in co n ju nc tion w ith the boycott, and charged w ith “ ob s tru c ting the

s id ew a lk .” Each faces s ix m onths in ja i l and a $500 fine .

The w h ite couple, John and E ld r i S a lte r, have been te rro rized in the past fe w weeks. Jus t be fore C hris tm as th e ir w in d o w was broken b y a b u lle t tha t n a rro w ly missed th e ir sleeping baby.

In sp ite o f the in tim id a tio n the g rea t m a jo r ity o f Jackson’s 70,000 Negro people are s o lid ly behind the boyco tt and suppo rt is g ro w ­ing. Besides CORE and SNCC, the na tio n a l N A A C P and the S ou th ­e rn Conference E duca tiona l Fund are a c tive ly sup po rting the Jack ­son you th .

T he 17 na tio n a l cha in stores against w h ic h the boycott leaders are asking a n a tio n -w id e boycott are: B a ke r Shoes, B e ll B ro thers Shoes, B om ar Shoes, B u t le r ’s Shoes, G rayson ’s Dress Shops, H . L . Green, J. C. Penney, B e r­n e r’s Dress Shops. N a tio n a l S h ir t Shops, N ora D ay Shops, Owens L td ., P aris ian , S ch w o lb ilt, S ha in - bergs, T hom M cA n n Shoes, W a l­green Drugs, and W oo lw orth .

Hard WorkW hen C larence D a rrow , the

greatest t r ia l la w y e r in U.S. h is ­to ry , reached h is 70th b ir th d a y , he was asked to w h a t he a ttr ib u te d his success. “ H a rd w o rk ,” he re ­p lied . “ Y ou see, w hen I was a boy, m y fa th e r p u t me ou t in the fie ld to d ig potatoes. So I decided I w o u ld never w o rk again and be­came a la w y e r.”

2 More Unions Join W alkout on Cleveland Dailies

O N E O F T H E F IR S T in the h istoric w ave of s it-in s against segregation w h ich began Feb. 1, 1960. P ic tu red above are South C a ro lin a ju n io r college students occupying W oodworth's l i ly -w h ite lunch counter in Rock H i l l , S .C ., Feb . 12, 1960. T h e y insisted on service in th e face of hoodlum attacks. T h e s it - in m ovem ent gave b irth to local d irect action groups w h ich un ited in the S tudent N o n vio len t C o -o rd in a tin g C om m ittee.

th a t the crim es s t i l l continue. H e r­bert Lee, he po in ted out, was m urdered fo r a id in g a SNCC v o te r-re g is tra tio n d rive . He to ld the young people present tha t SNCC needs th e ir he lp to keep go ing and th a t they should f ig h t d isc r im in a tio n in the N o rth too. He said Negroes had been sent to f ig h t in th ree w ars in th is cen­tu ry to “ m ake the w o rld safe fo r dem ocracy,” and th a t now i t was tim e to f ig h t fo r i t in the South and to “ m ake dem ocracy safe fo r the w o r ld .”

A t the end o f the p rogram the audience, lin k e d arm s and, led by the Freedom Singers, sang the them e song o f the c iv i l- r ig h ts m ovem ent, “ W e S ha ll O vercom e.” I t was announced th a t SNCC w i l l be ha v in g m ore b e ne fit concerts in N ew Y o rk , g iven b y the m any pe rfo rm ers w ho have vo lun teered . In fo rm a tio n m ay be obtained fro m SNCC’s New Y o rk C ity o ffice at 5 Beekm an St.

Comm. for Medical Aid To Cuba Ends Activity

N EW Y O R K — The M ed ica l A id to Cuba C om m ittee, fo rm ed m ore than a yea r ago as a n o n -p o litic a l, hu m an ita ria n e ffo r t to he lp re lieve the te m p o ra ry shortage o f v i ta l ly - needed drugs and m ed ica l sup­plies in Cuba, te rm in a ted its ac­tiv it ie s on Jan. 31, 1963.

M rs. M e lit ta del V il la r , c h a ir­m an o f the com m ittee , said the decision to d issolve the com m ittee was in ev ita b le “ in the lig h t o f the recent in d e m n ity transactions by w h ich Cuba received a p p ro x i­m a te ly $25 m illio n w o rth o f m ed i­cines and m edica l supplies fro m the U n ite d States.” In a le tte r m ailed to several thousand con­tr ib u to rs and supporters th ro u g h ­ou t the U n ited States, the com ­m ittee reported th a t in 19 m onths o f opera tion i t shipped to Cuba several tons o f m edicines w h ich had been u rg e n tly requested by Cuban hospita ls.

In N ovem ber the M ed ica l A id to Cuba C om m ittee was the ob ject o f a w itc h -h u n t a ttack by the House U n -A m e ric a n A c t iv it ie s C om m ittee, w h ic h tr ie d to sm ear the group as a “ fo re ign agent.”

C L E V E LA N D , Feb. 3 — P icke t lines outside the C leve land Press and The P la in D ea le r g rew la rg e r last week. The N ewspaper G u ild , w h ic h has m a in ta ined ro u n d -th e - clock, seven -day-a -w eek p icke t­ing since Nov. 30, was jo in e d by fresh forces fro m In te rn a tio n a l Typog raph ica l U n ion Loca l 53 and C leveland M a ile rs Loca l 12.

A lso p icke tin g the papers w ere m em bers o f Team sters Lo ca l 473, w ho s tru c k Nov. 29, re tu rn e d to w o rk Dec. 10, then w a lked ou t again Dec. 20.

The Press G u ild u n it w h ic h had weakened the hand o f the un ion nego tia tors by v o tin g Jan. 24 to accept the em p loyers ’ fo rm u la tio n s on un ion secu rity , las t W ednes­day, by a la rg e r m a jo r ity , reversed th a t action. They voted to ho ld ou t fo r a fo rm o f un ion secu rity s tronger than the m aintenance o f m em bersh ip in the com m ercia l depa rtm en t w h ich managem ent proposed.

The IT U , w h ich had been forced to suspend paym ent o f s tr ik e benefits because o f dep le tion of its fund , resumed paym ents last week. A n appeal fo r em ergency loans to a ll locals b ro u g h t an im m edia te and en thusiastic re ­sponse in cash and pledges am ounting , accord ing to u n o ff ic ia l reports, to over a m il lio n do lla rs. M eanw h ile , a na tio n a l re fe rendum was scheduled fo r Feb. 6 in w h ich IT U m em bers w ere expected to vote to assess themselves 3 per cent o f th e ir earnings fo r a year to support s tr ik in g m em bers in New Y o rk , C leve land and else­w here.

F irs t response o f the pub lishe rs to the s tr ik e action o f the m a ile rs and typographers la s t w eek was the fa m il ia r h o w l th a t the un ion demands w o u ld lead to the “ b a n k ­ru p tc y o f the Press."

Th is statem ent was made by

16 Pickets Arrested During D.C. Protest

W A S H IN G T O N , D. C. — On the even ing o f Jan. 31 po lice a r ­rested 16 persons w ho w ere among a group o f 40 p ro te s ting the a w a rd ing o f the “ D em ocra tic Legacy” A w a rd to P res iden t K e n ­nedy. The p icke ts w ere in the v ic in ity o f the S he ra ton -P ark H ote l, w here the A n ti-D e fa m a tio n League o f B ’na i B ’r i th was p re ­senting the aw ard.

T he po lice w o u ld n o t a llo w the p ickets to p ro test at the hote l, and m oved them tw o blocks aw ay. A f te r an h o u r o f p icke tin g on a d a rk corner, the dem onstra tors began to shout “ F ree W ill ia m W o rth y !” A t th is p o in t the po lice arrested ten men, fo u r wom en, and tw o g ir ls w ho w ere booked and released on ba il.

A t the p icke t lin e the H a rlem A n ti-C o lo n ia l C om m ittee handed ou t a le a fle t w h ich said “ W h ile the A D L ’s one thousand guests en joy a $100-a-p la te ‘d in n e r w ith the p res iden t,’ b lack A m erican citizens in M iss iss ipp i and o ther southern states liv e unde r a re ign o f te rro r s im ila r to the Nazi te r ­ro r against Jews.”

The p ickets w ere spe c ifica lly p ro tes ting K ennedy ’s prosecution o f Negro re p o rte r W ill ia m W orthy , w ho was convicted fo r the “ c r im e ” o f re tu rn in g to h is c o u n try “ w ith ­ou t a passport.” H is rea l “ c rim e ” has been his honest re p o rtin g o f U.S. co lon ia lism abroad and o f the achievem ents o f the Cuban R evo lu tion especia lly in e lim in a t­in g ra c ia l d isc rim in a tio n .

S ecre tary o f L ab o r W ir tz has been te llin g unionists th a t i f they don’t stop s tr ik in g , C on­gress w il l m ake them . See story, page 1.

George S. C arte r, business m an­ager o f the paper th a t has a com ­ple te m onopo ly o f the a fte rnoon news fie ld in C leveland. H e also th re w in to the d ispu te the to ta lly ir re le v a n t charge o f a “ m u tu a lity o f s tra tegy” between the s tr ik e leaders in C leve land and N ew Y o rk .

D e bu nk in g reaction o f new s­paperm en fa m il ia r w ith the facts was: “ I f the Press, w ith its m on­opo ly o f the a fte rnoon f ie ld in C leveland, its h igh ad ve rtis in g rates and p rice o f 10 cents a copy, and its h igh p ro fits , can ’t a ffo rd to pay decent wages, then le t i t go b a n k ru p t; le t i t be taken over by m ore e ff ic ie n t m anagem ent.”

C ontinued e ffo rts o f M a yo r R a lph S. Lo che r to in te rven e in the s tr ik e la s t w eek w e re no m ore p ro du c tive than e a r lie r e ffo rts o f a P la in D e a le r- in it ia te d “ citizens com m ittee” o f w h ic h he was a mem ber.

Charles Thom pson, secre ta ry - treasu re r o f Photoengravers Loca l 24 and cha irm an o f the u n ity group th a t inc ludes leaders o f ten un ions at the papers, b lu n tly stated:

“ I don’t th in k the m ayo r has done a good jo b u p to now except to confuse.”

“ W e don’t need any ou ts ide r w ho know s n o th in g o f the w o rk ­ings o f newspapers,” Thom pson said, and added th a t the m ayo r w o u ld n o t be a llow ed to en te r his u n io n ’s negotiations.

Symposium On Negro-Jewish

RelationsN E W Y O R K — C leve lan d

Robinson, vice pres ident of D is tr ic t 65, R W D S U , jo u rn a l­ist W ill ia m W o rth y , R abb i K u r t F lascher and ed ito r M o rris U . Schappes w i l l p a r­tic ipa te in a sym posium on “ N e w D evelopm ents a n d Tensions in N e g ro -Jew ish R elations.”

I t w i l l be held Sunday, Feb. 10, fro m 10 a.m . to 4 p.m . at the R e ta il, W holesale & D e p a rtm e n t S tore U n io n ’s D is tr ic t 65 C enter, 13 A stor Place. T h e sym posium is sponsored by Jewish C ur­rents, the m o n th ly m agazine edited by M r . Schappes.