What Your DreamMeantBY MARTINI

Author of Palmistry and How to KnowYour Future

PRICE 35 CENTS

A collection of dreams based on

modern Psydiofog^y and the work-

ings of the subjective mind. Not a

lot of stuff drawn from the imag-

ination of some fantastic mind,

but dreams that have actually beenverified in hundreds of cases. This book is so

arranged that when a dream occurs, it can be

easily interpreted as one knows just where to

look for it. With this wonderful book from the

pen of the great Martini, you can easily fore-

tell your own future as any medium. 200 large

pages.

Attractive Paper CoverSent Postpaid Upon Receipt of 35c

Neatly bound in cloth sent postpaid uponreceipt of $1.

v^ I. & M. OTTENHEIMER, Publishers

BALTIMORE MARYLANDPrinted in U. S. A.

^ THE SECRETS©F

BLACK ARTS!A KEY NOTE TO

WITCHCRAFT,©EVINATION, OMENS, FOREWARNINGS, APPARITIONS,

SORCERY, D^MONOLOGY. DREAMS, PREDICTIONS,VISIONS, AND

THE

DEVIL'S LEGACYTO E'ARTH MORTALS

COMPACTS WITH THE DEVIL!

WITH THE MOST AUTHENTIC HISTORY OF

SALEM WITCHCRAFT

Compilcto Bp tfte ^ufili^&er.

--"'oU!.«,\''X._i^HOVO, UTAH "^^^

The; Dejyil'^ ht(\K(^t.

:o:-

?ERHAPS the title of this Book—"The Devil^sLegacy to Earth Mortals" may at first seem some-what strange; they will pause as they do at aWitches Prayer, and wonder whether they hadbest look into it or no, lest they should reallyraise the Devilby readingwhat he hasbequeathed

to mankind-It is a question, not yet determined by the learned,

"whether the word Devil be singular, that is to say, thename of a person standing by himself, or a noun of nmlti-tude; if it be a singular, and so must be used personallyonly as a proper name, it consequently implies one im-perial devil, monarch, or god of the whole clan of Hell

;

justly distinguished by term, The Devil, or as the Scotscall him. The muckle-horned Dee'l, or as others in a wilderdialect. The Devil of Hell, that is to say. The Devil of &devil; or (better still) as the Scriptures expresses it, bywayof emphasis, the great red dragon, the Devil, and Satan.But if we take this word to be, as above, a noun of

multitude, and so to be used ambidexter, as occassionpresents, singular or plural, then the Devil signifies Satanby himself, or Satan with all his legions at his heels, asyou please, more or less. It is thus expressed in Scripture,where the person possessed (Matt. iv. 24.) is first said tobe possessed of the Devil, singular; and our Saviour askshim, as speaking to a single person. What is thy name ?

and is answered in the plural and singular together, MyNAME IS Legion, for we are many.Nor will it be any wrong to the Devil, supposing him a

'8 . WITCHCRAFT.

single persoii, „eeing entitling him to the oandnct of all

his inferior agents, is what he will taJie rather for an ad-dition to his infernal glory, than a diminuticm or lesseningof him in the extent of his fame.Very few, if any, of those who believe there is a God.

and acknowledge the debt of homage which mankindowes to the supreme Governor of the world, doubt theexistence of the Devil, except here and there one, whomwe call practical atheists; and it is the character of anatheist, if there is such a creature on earth, that he be-Ueves neither God nor De\'il.

As the beUef of both these stands upon a level, and that<5rod and the Devil seems to have an equal share in ourfaith, so the evidence of their existence seems to stand up^on a level too, in many things; and as they are known bytheir works in the same particular cases, so they are dis-

covered after the same manner of demonstration.Nay, in some respects, it is equally criminal to deny the

reality of them both, only with this difference, that tobelieve the existence of a God is a debt to nature, and tobehere the existence of the Devil is a lilce debt to reason

;

one is a demonstration from the reahty of visible causes,and the other a deduction from the like reahty of theireffects.

One demonstration of the existence of God is from theuniversal well-guided consent of all nations to worshipand adore a supreme power; one demonstration of the ex-istence of the Devil, is from the avowed ill-guided consentof some nations, who, knowing no other god, make a godof the Devil for want of a better.

Talking it, then, as the generality of mankind do, thatthere is a grand Devil, a superior of the whole black race;that they all fell, together with their general Satan at thehead of them; that though he, Satan, could not maintainhis high station in heaven, yet that he did continue hisdignity among the rest who are called his servants, inScripture, his angels; that he has a kind of dominion ofOT authority over the rest, and that they wereall, how many millions soever in number, at liis com-mand; employed by him in all his hellish designs, and inall his wicked contrivances for the destruction of man, andfor the setting up his own kingdom m the world. All theinfernal things we converse with in the world, are fatheredupon the DevU, as one undivided simple essence, by howmany agents soever working; everj'thin^ evil, frightfulin appearance, wicked in its actings, horrible in its man*ner, monstrous in its effects, is called the Devil; in a word,Devil is the common name for aU devils, that is to say, for

WITCHCRAFT. 9

eSB. «Tfl ^xWts, all evil powers, all evil works, and evenall evil things; yet it is remarkable the Devil is no OldTestament word, and we never find it usee in xli the OldTestament but four times, and then not once r tne singu-lar number, and not once to signify Satan, as it is nowunderstood.That the Devil is not yet a close -orisoner, we have evi-

dence enough to confirm; he is let out c^ connivance, andhas some little latitudes and advantages for mischief, bythat means; returning at certain seasons to his confine-ment again. This might hold, were it not, that the com-parison must suggest, that the power which has cast himdown could be deluded, and the under-keepers or jailers,under whose charge he was in custody, could wink at hisexcursions, and the lord of the place know nothing of thematter.

It is our firm belief that the Devil still runs riot over all

Christendom, and will do so until the coming of thatperiod yet hidden in the womb of time.We have ample evidence to justify us in this belief, as

©very Age of the world has felt his blighting hand andsuffered from his accursed work. Everything about ustiiat is evil bears his footprints, and as each succeeding^feneration appears, some new phase of the Devil's cun-ning hand looms up to our sight As man bequeaths hisearthly possessions to those that follow him, so has theDevil left behind him his dark footprints over the entireface of the earth, and each step that we take we see thereflection of the Devil in thousands of forms. First attiqt^

the long black Catalogue is \

BLACK ART.WITCHCRAFT.

Next to sorcery we may recollect the case of witcboraffc,

which occurs oftener, particularly in modern times, thanany other alleged mode of changing by supernaturalmeans the future course of events. The sorcerer, was fre-

quently a man of learning and intellectual abilities, some-times of comparative opulence and respectable situationin society. But the witch or wizard was almost uniform-ly old, decrepid, and nearly or altogether in a state ofpenury. The functions, however, of the witch and thesorcerer were in a great degree the same. The earliest

aeeouQt of a witch, attended with any degree o£ detail, *<

10 WITCHCRAFl'.

fe that of the witch of Endor in the Bible, who amongother things, professed the power of calling up the deadupon occasion from the peace of the sepulcher, it appearsclear, that the witch of Ender was not a being such asthose believed in by our ancestors, who could transformthemselves and others into the appearance of the loweranimals, raise and allay tempests, frequent the companyand join the revels of evil spirits, and, by their counseland assistance, destroy human lives, and waste the fruits

of the earth, or perform feats of such magnitude as to al-

ter the face of nature. The witch of Endor was a merefortune-teUer, to whom, in despair of all aid or answerfrom the Almighty, the unfortunate King of Israel hadrecourse in his despair, and by whom, in some way orother, he obtained the awful certainty of his own defeatand death. She was hable, indeed, deservedly, to thepunishment of death, for intruding herself upon the taskof the real prophets, by whom the wiU of God was, inthat time, regularlymade known. But her existence andher crimes can go no length to prove the possibihty thatanother class of witches, not otherwise resembling herthan as called by the same name, either existed at a morerecent period, or were liable to the same capital punish-ment, for a very different and much more doubtful class

of offences, which, however odious, are nevertheless to beproved possible before they can be received as a criminalcharge.Witches also claimed the faculty of raising storms, and

in various ways disturbing the course of nature. Theyappear in most cases to have been brought into actionby the impulse of private malice. They occasioned mor-tality of greater or less extent in man and beast. Theyblighted the opening prosx>e<3t of a plentiful harvest.They covered the heavens with clouds, and sent abroadwithering and malignant blasts. They undermined thehealth of those who were so unfortunate as to incur theiranimosity, and caused them to waste away gradually withincurable disease. They were notorious two or three cen-turies ago for the power of the "evil eye." The vulgar,both great and small, dreaded their displeasure, and soughtby small gifts, and fair speeches, but insincere, and theoffspring of terror only, to avert the pernicous consequen-ces of their malice. They were famed for fabricatingsmall images of wax, to represent the objects of their per-secution; and, as these by gradual and often studiouslyprotracted degrees wasted before the fire, so the unfortu-nate butts of their resentment perished with a lingering,\>ut- inevitable deathu

This faith in extraorciinary events, and superstitionsfear of what is supernatural, has diffused itself throughevery climate of the world, in a certain stage of humanintellect, and while refinement had not yet got the betterof barbarism. The Celts of antiquity had their Druids, abranch of whose special profession was the exercise ofmagic. The Chaldeans and Egyptians had their wisem.en, their magicians, and their sorcerers. The Negroeshave their fore-tellers of events, their amulets, and theirreporters and believers of miraculous occurrences. Aeimilar race of men was found by Columbus and the otherdiscoverers of the New World in America; and facts of aparallel nature are attested to us in the islands of theSouth Seas. And, as phenomena of this sort were univer-sal in their nature, without distinction of clunate, whethertorrid or frozen, and independantly of the discordantmanners and customs of different countries, so have theybeen very slow and recent in their disappearing. QueenElizabeth, sent to consult Dr. John Dee, the astrologer,

respecting a lucky day for her coronation; King Jamesthe First employed much of his learned leasure upon ques-tions of witchcraft and demonology, in which he fully be-lieved; and Sir Matthew Hale in the year 1664 caused twoold women to be hanged upon a charge of unlawful com-mumon with infernal agents.

COMPACTS WITH THE DEVIL.

The power of these witches as we find in their earliest

records originated in their intercourse with "famiharspirits," invisible beings who must be supposed to beenlisted in the armies of the prince of darkness. Wedo not read in these ancient memorials of any league

of mutual benefit entered into between the merelyhuman party, and his or her supernatural assistant.

But modern times have amply supplied this defect.

The witch or £.orcerer could not secure the assistance of

the demon but by a sure and faithful compact, by whichthe human party obtained the industrious and vigilant

service of his familiar for a certain term of years, only oncondition that,, when the term was expired, the demon of

undoubted right was to obtain possession of the inden-

tured party, and to convey him irremissibly and forever

to the regions of the damned. The contract was drawnout in authentic form, signed by the sorcerer, and attest-

ed with his blood, and was then carried away by the

demon, to be produced again at the appointed time.

"To deny the possibility, nay actual exsitenc© of

/ / f

n WITCHCRAFT.

Witchcraft and Sorcery, is at once flatly to contradict therevealed Word of God, in various passages both of theOld and New Testament; and the thing itself is a truth towhich every Nation in the World hath in its turn bornetestimony, either by examples seemingly well attested, orby prohibitory laws, which at least suppose the possibility

of commerce with evil spirits."—Blackstone's "Com-mentaries," bookiv. chapter 4, p. 61.

An anonymous seventeenth-century writer reasons asfollows:

—"To know things aright and perfectly is toknow the causes thereof. A definition doth consist ofthose causes which give the whole essence, and containthe perfect nature of the thing defined; where that is

therefore found out, there appears the very clear light. Ifit be perfect, it is much the greater; though if it be notfully perfect, yet it giveth some good light. For whichrespect, though I dare not say I can give a perfect de-finition in this matter, which is hard to do even in knownthings, because the essential form is hard to be found, yetI do give a definition which may at the least give noticeand make known what manner of persons they be ofwhom I am to speak:—A witch is one that worketh by thethe Devil, or by some devilish or curious art, either hurt-ing or healing, reveaUng things secret, or foretellingthings to come, which the Devil hath devised to entangleand snare men's souls withal unto danmation. The Con-Juror, the Enchanter, the Sorcerer, the Diviner, and what-soever other sort there is, are iadeed encompassed withinthis circle. The Devil doth (no doubt) after divers forms,deal in these. But no man is able to show an essentialdifference in each of them fr^m the rest. I hold it nowisdom or labor well spent to travel much therein. Oneartificer had devised them aU.""Thou shalt not suHer a witch to hve."—Exodus xxii.

18. Neither shall ye use enchantment."—Levit. xix. 26.

"Regard not them which have familiar spirits, neitherseek after wizards, to be defiled by them.—Ibid. ver. 31.

"When thou art come into the land which the Lord thyGod giveth thee, thou shalt not learn to do after theabominations of those nations. There shall not be foundamong you any one that maketh his son or his daughterto pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or anobserver of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, or acharmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a necro-mancer. For all that do these things are an abominationunto the Lord: and because of these abominations theLord thy God doth drive them out from before thee."

—

Deut xviii 9-12.^Of Manasseh is recorded, that "He

WITCHCRAFT. 18

caused his children to pass through the fire in the valleyof the son of Himon: also he observed times, and usedenchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with afamiliar spirit, and with wizards."

—

2 Chron. xxxiii. 6.

Lastly, St. Paul mentions "witchcraft" amongst such" works of the flesh " as " adultery, fornication, heresies,drunkenness, and murders."—Galat. v. 19-21.

Many of the heathens cordially defended magic andnecromancy. For example, Asclepiades, who lived in thetime of Pompey the Great, cured diseases by magic, enjoin-ing upon his patient, in the case of falling sickness, tobind upon his arm a Cross with a Nail driven into it.

Julianus, the magician, is reported to have driven theplague out of Rome by magical power. Apuleius, a de-ciple of Plato, wrote at length on magic. To him may beadded Marcellus and Alexander Trallian. Pliny assertsin very plain language that necromancy was so prevalentin his day, but was condemned by the wisest, that it wasclassed with treason and poisoning. And it is notoriousthat magic was long used as a convenient though inef-

ficient weapon against Christianity.—Vide, likewise, Livyi. 20, and Strabo, lib. vi.

It is impossible to point to any period when the beliefin witchcraft and necromancy was perfectly obliterated,or to any nation which altogether repudiated it. If oneparticular phase was removed, or discountenanced, someother form, substantially and inherently similar, eventu-ally took its place.Touching the antiquity of Witchcraft, we must needs

confess that it hath been of very ancient time, becausethe Scripturesdo testify somuch, for in the thne of Moses it

was very rife in Egyi.>t. IS either was it then newly sprungup, being conmioii, and grown into such ripeness amongthe nations, that the Lord, reckoning by divers kinds,saith that the Grentiles did connijib such abominations, forwhich He would cast them out before the childi'en ofIsrael.—" What a Vfitch is, and the Antiquities of Witch-craft," A. D. 1G12.

The following i)assage, from a sermon by the late CanonMelville, is interesting: "It is unnecessary for us to in-

quire what those arts may have been in which the Ephe-sians are said to have greatly excelled. There seems noreason for doubting that, as we have already stated, theywere of the nature of magic, sorcery, or witchcraft;though we cannot profess accm*ately to define what suchterms might import. The Ephesians, as some in all ageshave done, probably laid claim to the intercourse withinvisible beings, and professed to derive from that inter-

14 WITCHCRAFT.

course acquaintance with, and power over, future events.And though the very name of witchcraft be now heldin contempt, and the supposition of communion with evil

gl)irits scouted as a fable of what are called the dark ages,we own that we have difficulty in be^'^ving that all wmchhas passed by the names of magic and sorcery may be re-

solved into sleight of hand, deception, and trick. Thevisible world and the invisible are in very close contact

:

there is, indeed, a veil on our eyes, preventing our gazingon spiritual beings and things, but we doubt not thatwhatever passes upon the earth is open to the view ofhigher and immaterial creatures. And as we are surethat a man of piety and prayer enlists good angels on hiaside and engages them to perform towards him the minis-trations of kindness, we know not why there cannot besuch a thing as a man whose wickedness has caused hisbeing abandoned by the Spirit of God, and who, in this

his desertion, has thrown open to evil angels the chambersof his soul, and made himself so completely their instru-ment, that they may use him in the uttering or workingstrange things, which shall have all the air of prophecyor miracle."The oldest and most anthentio record from which we

can derive our ideas on the subject of witchcraft, un-questionably is the Bible. The Egyptians and Chaldeanswere early distinguished for their supposed proficiency inmagic, in the production of supernatural phenomena, andin penetrating into the secrets of future time. The first

appearance of men thus extraordinarily gifted, or ad-vancing pretensions of this sort, recorded in Scripture, is

on occasion of Pharoah's dream of the seven years ofplenty, and seven years of famine. At that period theking " sent and called for all tiie magicians of Egypt andall the wise men; but they could not interpret the dream,'*which Joseph afterwards expounded.Their second appearance was upon a most memorable

occasion, when Moses and Aaron, armed with miraculousgowers, came to a subsequent king of Egypt, to demandom him that their countrymen might be permitted to

depart to another tract of the world. They produced amiracle as the evidence of their divine mission: and theking, who was also named Pharoah, " called before himthe wise men and the sorcerers of Egypt, who with theirenchantments did in like manner" as Moses had done; till,

after some experiments in which thev were apparentlysuccessful, they at length were compelled to allow them-selves overcome, and fairly to confess to ""heir master,** This is the finger of God" I

WITCHCRAFT. 15

The spirit of the Jewish history loudly affirms, that theCreator of heaven and earth liad adopted this nation forhis chosen people, and therefore demanded their exclusivehomage, and that they should acknowledge no other God.It is on this principle that it is made one of his early com-mands to them, " Thou shalt not suffer a witch to hve."And elsewhere the meaning of this proliibition is morefully explained : ''There shall not be found among youany one that useth divination, or an observer oftimes, or an enchanter, or a witch, or a charmer, or aconsulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necroman-cer; these shall surely be put to death ; they shall stonethem with stones."As a matter of fact, it is computed that in the year 1515,

no less than five hundred witches were burnt in Genevaalone, and the same was the case in other parts of Christ-endom:,—a proof at once of the craft and power of Satan,and of the demorilization of those who had deliberatelyelected to become his servants and slaves. The earliest

statute against witchcraft enacted in England, was pass-ed in the reign of King Henry VI. ; and additional lawsof great stringency and severity, sorely needed, were en-acted under the Tudors, by Henry VIIL, Queen Elizabeth,

and James I. In the year 1604, the great Act of Parlia-

ment against witchcraft, drawn up by Coke and Bacon,was passed; and it is asserted that no less than twelvebishops attended the committee of the House of Lordswhen the bill was under discussion. Sir Matthew Haleand Sir Thomas Browne, men of high legal and Uterarvrank and mark, each gave evidence at the trials whicn.

epeedily followed. In this particular, as in some others,

England followed Geneva. Between the years 1565 and1700, eleven wizards or sorcerers were burnt at the stake

in the Carrefour du Borda^e, in Guernsey, the square de-

voted by the city authorities of that island to this kind of

punishment. The last case of death for Witchcraft there

took place in 1747.

It may here be put on record that at the period of the

Reformation, and during the succeeding century, the

gower of casting out devils was claimed exclusively bylose who remained in visible communion with the See

of Rome, and many Roman Catholic writers of those

periods maintained that no such power belonged either

to a&y teacher of heresy or to schismatics.

^jivnnny . <s*«s^v(m»rt—

13 WITCHCRAFT.

HOPKINS, THE WITCH-FINDER, ANDHIS VICTIMS.

FEOM A IS" OLD RECOED.

In the spring of 1645 several witches were seized atManningtree in England and were subsequently con-demned and hanged. One of these was an old womannamed Elizabeth Clarke, and the most important witnessagainst her was "Matthew Hopkins, of Manningtree,gent." It appears that Hopkins had watched with herseveral nights in a room in the house of a Mr. Edwards,in which she was confined, to keep her from sleeping un-til she made a confession, and to see if she was visited byher familiars. He declared, among other things, that onthe night of the 24th of March, which appears to havebeen the third night of watching, after he had refused tolet her call one of her imps or familiars, she confessedthat six or seven years before, she had surrendered herselfto the devil, who came to her in the form of "a propergentleman, with a laced band." Soon after this a Uttleog appeared, fat and short in the legs, in color white,

with ftundy spots, which when he hmdered it from ap-proacring her, vanished from his sight. She confessedtha was one of her imps named Janiara. Inunediatelyaftttj • this had disappeared, another came in the form ota j/f3yhouKd, which she called Vinegar Tom; and it wasfollowed by another in the form of a polecat. "And thisinformant further saith, that going from the house of thesaid Mr. Edwards to his own house, about nine or teno'clock of the night with his greyhound with hhn, he sawthe greyhound suddenly give a jump, and run as if shehad been in full course after a hare; and that when theinformant made haste to see what his greyhound so eager-ly pursued, he espied a white thing about the size of akitten, and the greyhound standing aloof from it; andthat, by-and-by, the said white imp or kitten dancedabout the said greyhound and by all hkelihood bit a pieceof the flesh of her shoulder, for the greyhound came shriek-ing and crying to this informant with a piece of the fleshtorn from her shoulder. And this informant further saiththat coming into his own yard that night, he espied ablack thing porportioned like a cat, only it was thrice asbig, sitting on a strawberry bed, and fixing its eyes onthis informant; and when he went toward it, it leapedover the pale toward this informant, as he thought« out

WITCHCRAFT. 17

ran quite through the yard with his greyhound after it toa great gate wMeh was underset with a pair of turnbull-strings, and did throw the said gate wide open, and thenvanished; and the said greyhound returned again to thisinformant shaking and trembling exceedingly. " Hopkinshad not ventured to remain alone with the witch, but hadwith him John Stern, who also added "gentleman" to hisname, and who confirmed all that Hopkins had said, de-posed to the coming of impo and added that the third impwas called Sack-and-Sugar. They watched at night withanother woman, named Rebecca West, and saw her impsin the same manner. She stated that the first time shesaw Satan he came to her at night, and told her he mustbe her husband, and married her. The severe treatmentto which the accused were exposed, forced confessionsfrom them all, and they avowed being guilty of everyspecies of mischief, from the taking away of human life tothe spoiling of milk. The names and forms of their impswere equally fantastic. Rebecca Jones, a witch from St.

Osythe's, said that she had met a man in a ragged suit

with great eyes, that terrified her exceedingly, and thathe gave her three things like moles but without tails,

which she fed with milk. Another had an imp in the/orm of a white dog, which she called EUmanzer, andwhich she fed on milk pottage. One had three imps,which she caUed Prick-ear, Jack and Frog. Several wit-nesses, poor and ignorant people, were brought to testifv

to the mischief which had been done by these means. Acountryman gravely related how, passing at day by thehouse of one of the women, named Anne West, he wassurprised to find her door open at that early hour, andlooking in he saw three or four things like black rabbits,

one of which ran after him. He seized upon it, and tried

to kill it, but it seemed in his hands like a piece of wool,and stretched out in length as he pulled it without anyapparent injury. Then recollecting that there was aspring near at hand, he hurried thither and attempted todrown it, but it vanished from his sight as soon as he putit in the water. He then returned toward the house andseeing Anne West standing outside the door in her smock,he asked why she sent her imps to torment him. Thisseems to have been the first appearance of Matthew Hop-kins as a witch-finder, for which he afterwards becamenotorious, and which he now assumed as a legal profeiij-

sion. He proceeded in a -regular circuit through Suffolk,

Norfolk, Cambrigeshire, and Huntingdon, accompaniedby John Sterne and a woman whose business it was to ex«

amiae the bodies of the females in search of their marka»

IB WITCHCRAFT.

In August 1645, we find them at Bury, in Suffolk, where,on the 27th of that month, no less than eighteen witcheswere executed at once, and a hundred and twenty morewere to have been tried, but a sudden movement of theking's troops m that direction obhged the judges to ad-journ the session. Some of the hnps here appeared in

the shape of snakes, wasps and hornets, and even of

snails. Thay were mostly employed in petty offences ;

one man and his wife were guilty only of having bewitch-ed the beer in a brewhouse and making it stink. Othershowever, confessed to have caused miscliief of amore seri-

ous character.The most remarkable victim of this inquisition, was an

aged clergyman named Lowes, who had been vicar ofBrandeston, near Framlingham, in that county fifty years,

a well known opponent of the new church government.This man, we are told by Sterne, one of the inquisitors,

"had been indicted for a common imbanatator, and forwitchcraft above thirty years before, and the grand juryfound the bill for a common imbanator, who now, afterhe was found with the marks, confessed that in pride ofheart to be equal with, or rather above God, the deviltook advantage of him, and he covenanted with the deviland sealed it with his blood, and had those familiars orspirits, which sucked on the marks found on his body,and did much harm both by sea and land, especially bysea, for he confessed he being at Lungarfort, in Suffolk,where he preached, as he walSied upon the wall there, hesaw a great sail of ships pass by, and that, as they weresailing by, one of the three imps, namely, his yellow one,forthwith appeared to him and asked him what heshould do, and he bade it go and sink such a ship, onethat belonged to Ipswich, so he confessed that the impwent forthwith away, and he stood still and viewed theships, and perceived that the ship to be immediately inmore trouble and danger than the rest; for he said thewater was more boisterous near that than the rest, tumb-ling up and down with waves, and soon after it sunkdirectly down into the sea, when all the rest sailed on insafety; then he confessed, he made fourteen widows inone quarter of an hour. When asked if it did not grievehim to see so many men cast away in a short time, heswore by his Maker, "No; he was joyful to see what pow-er his imps had." He was hanged, in 164S, at Bury &LEdmund's.

r̂ wxsn.^flmwsiPumMg 'Maw

•WITCHCRAFT. 19

APPAKITION OP A LIYUSTG MAKAbout sixty or seventy years ago, aman of piety au '

in-tegrity arrived in Germany from Philadelphia, to visit hispoor old parents, and, with his well-earned wealth, toplace them beyond the reach of care. He went out toAmerica while he was still young, and had succeeded sofar as to become overlooker of various mills on the Dela-ware river, in which situation he had honorably laid up aconsiderable sum.In the neighborhood of Philadelphia, not far from the

mills above-mentioned, there dwelt a solitary man in alonely house. He was very benevolent, but extremelyretired and reserved, and strange things were related ofhim, among which was his being able to tell a personthings that were unl^nown to every one else. Now ithappened, that the captain of a vessel belonging to Phila-delphia, was about to sail to Africa and Europe. Hepromised his wife that he would return in a certain time,and also that he would write to her frequently. Shewaited long, but no letters arrived: the time appointedpassed over, but her beloved husband did not return.She was now deeply distressed and knew not where tolook for counsel or consolation. At length, a friendadvised her for once to go to the pious solitary and tell

her griefs. The woman followed his advice, and went tohim. After she had told hun ail her troubles, he desiredher to wait a while there, until he returned and broughther an answer. She sat down to wait, and the man open-ing a door, went into his closet. But the woman thmk-ing he stayed a long, long time, rose up, went to thewindow in the door, lifted up the Uttle curtain, and look-ing in, saw him lying on the couch or sofa like a corpse ;

she then immediately went back to her place. At lengthhe came and told her that her husband was in London, ina coffee-house which he named, and that he would returnvery soon: he then told her also the reason why he hadbeen unable to write. The woman went home prettymuch at ease.

What the solitary had told her was minutely fuliiUed,

her husband returned, and the reasons of his delay andhis not writing were just the same as the man had stated.

The woman was now curious to know what would be theresult, if she visited the friendly solitary in company withher husband. The visit was arranged, but when the cap-tain saw the man, he was struck with amazement; he ai-

terwarda told his wife that he had seen this very man, on

W WITCHCRAPT.

such a day (it was the very day that the woman had beenwithhiin), in a coffee-house in London; and that he hadtold him that his wife was much distressed about him;that he had then stated the reason wliy his return wasdelayed, and of his not writing, and that he would short-ly come back, on which he lost sight of the man amiongthe company.

PEOYIDENTIAL FOEEBODINGS.

In the "Museum of Wonders," voL 2, chap, ii, page152, there is a striking instance of a presentiment, relatedby Madame de Beaumont, in the eigth volmne of the"Universal Magazine for Art and JNature," She says,"My whole family still remembers an accident, fromwhich my father was preserved by a presentiment of dan-ger. Sailing upon the river is one of the common amuse-ments of the city of Rouen, in France. My father alsotook great pleasure in these water-parties, and he seldomsuffered many weeks to pass over without enjoying it.

On one occasion he agreed with a party to saU to Port St.

Om.er, about ten miles from Rouen. Dinner and musicalinstruments had been sent on board the vessel, and everypreparation made for a pleasant excursion. When it wastime to go on board, an aunt of my father's, who wasdeaf and dumb, uttered a kind of howl, placed herself atthe door, blocked up the way with her arms, struck herarms together, and gave by signs to understand that sheconjured him to remain at home. My father who hadpromised himself much pleasure from this excursion, onlykiughed at her entreaties : but the lady fell at his feet,

and manifested such poignant signs of grief, that he atlength determined to yield to her entreaties, and post-pone his excursion to another day. He therefore en-deavored to detain the rest also; but they laughed at himfor being so easily persuaded, and set sail. Scarcely hadthe vessel proceeded half the distance, before those onboard had the greatest reason to repent that they hadnot followed his advice. The vessel went to pieces,several lost their lives, and those that saved themselvesby swimming were so much terrified at their nan*owescape, that they with difficulty got the better of it."

No mechanical explanation can apply to this remarka-ble presentiment. The warning angel found he couldwork on no one better than the person who was deafand dumb, he therefore selected her for the execution oftLy cQJHmis.siQn.

WITCHCRAFT. 21

In the same volume of the "Museum of. Wonders,"page 153, there is an equally strildng presentiment related,which the editor had from the lips of a credible person.This individual had a friend who had a responsible situa-tion in the country. Being unmarried, he coimnitted hisdomestic concerns to the care of a housekeeper, who hadbeen with him many years. His bii'thday arrived, hemade many preparations for celebrating it; and told hishousekeeper early in the morning, that as the day wasfine, she should clean out a certain arbor in the garden,which he named, because he intended to pass the day init with his guests. Scarcely had she received this com-mission, than she seemed quite in a maze, and she delayedthe fulfillment of it. At length she entreatedMm ratherto receive his guests in one of the rooms of the house, forshe had a presentiment that the arbor would that day bestruck by lightning. He laughed at her assertion, asthere was no appearance of a storm coming on that day,and on her renewing her entreaties, he was only the moreurgent that the arbor he had pointed out should be madeready, that it mii2:ht not appear that he gave way to hersuperstitious feelmgs. At length she went, and did as hermaster ordered her. The day continued fine, the com-pany that had been invited arrived, they went into thearbor and made themselves merry. In the meantime,however, clouds had gathered in the distant horizon, andwere at length powerfully driven toward the place by th6wind. The company were so intent upon their entertain-ment, thatthey did not in the least observe it; but scarcelywas the housekeeper aware that the storm was approach-ing, than she begged her master to leave the arbor withhis company, for she could not divest herself at all of theidea of the Ughtning striking it. At first they would notlisten to her, but she continued her entreaties unremit-tingly; and, at length, as the storm approached withgreat violence, they suffered themselves to be induced toleave the arbor. They had not been in the room morethan a few minutes when the lightning struck the arbor,

and dashed everything that had been left in it to pieces.

LOTTERY PRIZES WON BY DREAMS.

FEOM A LETTEK IN MORITZ'S EXPEEIMEXTALPSYCHOLOGY.

**Tou desire me to give you a written account of whatI lately verbally related to you regarding the soul's

23 WITCHCRAPT.

faculty of prescience. As my experience rests solely upoDdreams, I have certainly reason to apprehend that manywill take me for a fantastic dreamer; but if I can con-tribute anytliing to the ver~ "^seful object of your work,it is no matter—let people think what they will. Be thatas it may, I vouch for the truth and veracity of what Ii^all now more particularly relate.

" In the year 1768, while learning the business of anapothecary in the royal medical establishment at Berlin,

I played in the seventy-second drawing of the Prussiannumerical lottery, which took place on the 30th of May ofthe same year, and fixed upon the numbers 22 and 60.

"In the night preceeding the day of draAving, I dreamedthat toward twelve o'clock at noon, which is the timewhen the lottery is generally drawn, the master-apothe-cary sent down to me to tell me that I must come up tohim. On going up stairs, he told me to go immediatelyto Mr. Mylius, the auctioneer, on the other side of thecastle, and ask him if he had disposed of the books whichhad been left with hun for sale ; but that I must returnspeedily, because he waited for his answer.

" 'That's just the thing,' thought I, still dreaming; *thelottery will just be drawing, and as I have executed mycommission, I willrun quicldy to the general lottery-office,

and see if my numbers come out' (the lottery was drawnat that time in the open street); ' if I only walk quick, Ishall be at home again soon enough.'"I went therefore immediately, (still in my dream.) in

compliance with the orders I had received, to Mr. Mylius,the auctioneer, executed my commission, and, after re-ceiving his answer, ran hastily to the general lottery-office, on the ' Hunters' Bridge.' Here I found the custom-aiy preparations, and a considerable number of specta-tors. They had already begun to put the numbers intothe wheel—and the moment I came up. No. 60 was ex-hibited and called out. ' Oh, thought I, 'it is a good omen,that just one of my own numbers shoiild be called out themoment I arrive.'

" As I had not much time, I now wished for nothing somuch as that they would hasten as much as possible withtelling in the remaining numbers. At length they wereaU counted in, and now I saw them bind the eyes of theboy belonging to the orphan-school, and the numbersafterward drawn in the customary manner.

" When the first number was exhibited and called out,It was No. 22. ' A good omen again 1' thought I; ' No. 60will also certainly come out' Th© second number waadrawn—and behold, it was No. 60 I

WITCHCRAFT.

*' Now they may draw what they will, said I to 8omeone who stood near me; ' my numbers are out—I have nomore time to spare.' With that, I turned myself aboutand ran directly home."Here I awoke, and was as clearly conscious of my

dream as I am now relating it. If its natural connectionand the very particular perspicuity, had not been so strik-

ing, I should have regarded it as nothing else than a com-mon dream, in the general sense of the term. But thismade me pay attention to it, and excited my curiosity somuch that I could scarcely wait till noon.

" At length it struck eleven, but still there was no ap-pearance of my dream being fulfilled. It struck a quarter—it struck half-past eleven—and still there was no proba-bility of it. I had already given up all hope, when one ofthe work-people unexpectedly came to me. and told meto go up stairs immediately to the master-apothecary. Iwent up full of expectation, and heard with the greatestastonishment that I must go directly to Mr. MyUus, theauctioneer, on the other side of the castle, and ask him if

he had disposed of the books at auction which had beenentrusted to him. He told me also, at the same time, toreturn quickly, because he waited for an answer.

" Who could have made more despatch than I ? I wentin haste to Mr. Mylius, the auctioneer, executed my com-mission, and, then after receiving his answer, ran asquickly as possible to the general lottery-office, on the^Hunters' JBidge'; and, full of astonishment, I saw thatNo. 60 was exhibited and called out the moment I arrived.** As my dream had been thus far so punctuaUy fulfilled,

I was now willing to wait the end of it, although I had solittle time; I therefore wished for nothing so much as thatthey would hasten with counting in the remaining num-bers. At length they finished. The eyes of the orphan-boy were bound, as customary, and it is easy to conceivethe eagerness with which I awaited the final accomplish-ment of my dream."The first number was drawn and called out, and be-

hold, it was No. 22 1 The second was drawn, and this wasalso as I had dreamed, No. 60 !

" It now occurred to me that I had already stayedlonger than my errand allowed; I therefore requested theperson who was next to me in the crowd to let me pass.

^What,' said one of them +o me, ' will you not wait till thenumbers are all out ?' ' No,' said I, ' my numbers are

already out, and they may now draw what they please,

for ought I care.' With that, I turned about, pushedthrough the crowd, and ran hastily and joyfully home.

•r-«4V- J^-NSrJ*

34 WITCHCRAFT.

Thus was the whole of my dream fulfilled, not only insubstance, but literally and verbatim.

" It will perhaps not be disagreeable to you, if I relate

two other occurences of a similar nature:

—

"On the 18th of August, 1776, I dreamed I was walkingin the vicinity of the ' Silesian Gate,' and intended to gohome thence, directly across the field, by the Ricksdorf orDresden road.

"I foiind the field full of stubble, and it seemed as if

the corn that had stood there had only been reaped andhoused a short time before. This wias really the case, al-

though I had not pre^dously seen it. On entering theRicksdorf road, I perceived that some persons had col

lected before one of the first houses, and were looking upat it. I consequently supposed that something new hadoccurred in or before the house, and for this reason, oncoming up, I asked the first person I met—'What is thematter here ?' He answered with great mdifference, 'Thelottery is drawn.'— 'So, 'said I, ' is it drawn already ? Whatnumbers are out?' 'There they stand,' replied he, andpointed with his finger to the door of a shop that was inme house, which I now perceived for the first time."I looked at the door, and found that the numbers

were written up, on a black border round the door, as is

frequently the case. In order to ascertain if there wasreally a shop, with a receiving house for the lottery, atthe commencement of the Ricksdorf road, I did not thinkit too much trouble to go there, and found that this wasreally the case. To my great vexation, I found that onlyone of my numbers had come out. I looked over the num-bers once more, in order not to forget them, and . thenwent home disappointed."On awaking, I was hindered, by an accidental noise,

from immediately recollecting my dream, biit shortly aft-

erward it again occurred to me; and, after a little refiec-

tion, I remembered it as clearly as I have now related it,

but found it difficult to recollect all the five numbers."That No. 47 was the first, and No. 21 the second of the

numbers, I remembered perfectly well; that the thirdwhich followed was a 6, I was also certain, only I was notconfident whether the which I had seen hereabouts be-longed to the 6 or the following number 4, which I alsoremembered very distinctly to have seen; and I was notcertain of this, it might have been just as well 6 and 4aJone as CO and 40.

" I was the least confident as to the fifth number: thatit was between 50 and 60 1 was certain, but which I couldnot precisely determine. I had already laid money upon

WITCHCRAFT. 2S

Ko. ?1, and this was the number which, according to mydream, should come out.

" As rediarkable as my dream appeared to be in otheirespects, y^t I was diffident of it, from being unable toremember all the five numbers. Although I was quitecertain that among the sixteen numbers mentioned—thatis, those between 50 and 60, and the six previously indi-cated—all the five which I had seen in my dream werecontained; and although there was still time to secure thenumbers, yet it did not suit me on account of the consid^erable sum it would require to stake upon all the sixteennumbers, I therefore contented myself with a few ambsand JERNES, and had, besides this, the disappointment ofselecting a bad conjunction of numbers.' " The third day afterward (the 2l6t of August, 1776) thelottery was drawn. It was the two hundred and fifteenthdrawing, and all the five numbers which I had seen in mydream came out exactly—namely, 60, 4. 21, 53, 42; and Inow remembered that No. 52 was the fifth of those whichI had seen in my dream, and which I could not previouslyrecollect with certainty.

"Instead of some thousand doUars, I was now com-pelled to be contented with about twentyl

" The third, and, for the present, the last occurrence ofthis kind, which I shall relate, was as follows:

—

" On the 21st of September, 1777, 1 dreamed that a goodfriend of mine visited me, and after the conversation hadturned upon the lottery, he desired that he might drawsome numbers out of my little wheel of fortune which Ihad at that time.

" He drew several numbers, with the intention of stak-ing money upon them. When he had done drawing, Itook all the numbers out of the wheel, laid them beforeme upon the table, and said to him, ' The number whichI now take up will certainlv come out at the next draw-ing.' I put my hand into the heap and drew out a num-ber, unfolded it, and looked at it: it was very plainly 35.

I was going to fold it up and put it again into the wheel,but that very moment I awoke." Having so clear a recollection of my dream, as I have

now related it, I had much confidence in the nimiber, andtherefore staked so much upon it as to be satisfied withthe winnings; but two hours before the lottery was drawn,X received my money back from the lottery-agent, withthe news that my number was completely filled up. Thelottery was drawn on the 34th of September, and thenumber really came out.

*' Although I vdry AvUiiagly aUow, aoad am weU a-waro

96 WITCHCBAFT.

that many and perhaps the generality of dreams arlwfrom causes which are founded merely hi the body, andtherefore can have no further significance—yet I believeI have been convinced by repeated experience that thereare not unfrequently dreams, in the origin and existenoeof which the body, as such, has no part; and to these, inmy opinion, belong the three instances above mentioned.

^' I do not think that the contents of these dreams oughtto give occasion to any one to judge wrongfully; forotherwise, I could just as well have selected others: but Ihave placed them together precisely because of thtixgimilarjty.

"Christ Ki^apb,** Doo. of Philosophy, Medicine, and Surgery."

REMARKABLE FULFILLMENT OF APREDICTION.

FROM A GERMAN AUTHOR.

Inmy younger day^, there was a dinner gnven in th€i

village of Floremburgh, Westphalia, where I was bom,on the occasion of a baptism, to which the clergyman, aworthy man, was invited. During dinner, the conversa-tion turned upon the grave-digger of the place, who waswell known, particularly on account of his second-sight,and even feared; for as often as he saw a corpse, he wasalways telling that there would be a funeral out of such ahouse. Now, as the event invariably took place, the in-

habitants of the house he indicated were placed by theman's tale in the greatest dilenuna and anxiety, partioa-larly if there was any one in the house who was sickly,whose death might probably be hastened if the predictionwas not concealed from him—which, however, generallytook place.This man's prophecying was an abomination to the

clergyman. He forbade it, he reproved, he scolded, butall to no purpose; for the poor dolt, although he was adrunkard, and a man of low and vulgar sentiments, be*Heved firmly that it was a prophetic gift of God, and thathe must make it known, in order that the people mightstill repent. At length, as all reproof was in vain, theclergyman gave him notice that if he announced onefuneral more^ he should be deprived of his place, and ex-pelled the village. This availed—the grave-digger waisilent from that time forward. Half a year afterward, inautumn, about the year 1745, the grave-digger coiaef to

WITOHCHAFT. 27

the olergyman and says : "Sir, you have forbidden meto announce any more funerals, and I have not done sosinoe, nor will I do so any more; but I must now tell yousomething that is particularly remarkable, that you maysee that mv second-sight is really true. In a few weeks acorpse will be brought up the meadow, which will bedrawn on a sledge by an ox." The clergyman seeminglypaid no attention to this, but Ustened to it with indiffer-ence, and replied: "Only go about your business, andleave off such superstitious follies; it is sinful to have any-thing to do with them."The thing, nevertheless, appeared extremely singular

and remarkable to the clergyman; for, in my country, acorpse being drawn on a sledge by an ox is most disgrace-ful, because the bodies of those that coimnit suicide, andnotorious malefactors, are thus drawn on sledges.Some weeks after a strong body of Austrian troops

passed through the village on their way to the Nether-lands. While resting there a day, the snow fell nearlythree feet deep. At the same time, a woman died in an-other village or the same pai'ish. The military took awayall the horses out of the country to drag their wagons.Meanwhile the corpse lay there; no horses came back;the corpse began to putrify, and the stench became into!erable: they were, therefore, compelled to make a virtue^of necessity—to place the corpse upon a sledge and har^ness an ox to the vehicle.In the meantime, tUe clergyman, and the schoolmaster

with his scholars, proceeded to the entrance of the villageto meet the corpse; and, as the funeral came along themeadow in this arra^, the grave-digger stepped up to theclergyman, pulled hnn by the gown, pointed with his fin-

ger to it, and said not a word.Such was the tale, with all its circumstances, as related

by the clerg^Tuan. I was well acquainted with the goodman: he was incapable of telling an untruth, much less

in a matter which contradicted all his principles.

Another history of this kind, for the truth of which I

ean vouch, was related to me by my late father and his

brother, both very pious men, and to whom it wouldhave been impossible to have told a falsehood.Both of them had business, on one occasion, in the

Wegtphalian provence of Mark, when they w ere invitedto dinner at the protestant preacher's. During the re-

past, the subject of second-sight was Hkewiso broughtQpon the carpet. The minister spoke of it with acri-

mony, because he had also a grave-digger who wasaiBieted with that evil; he had often and re^^asbtcdly for-

^ WITCHCRAFT.

bidden him from mentioning it, but all to no purpose.On one occasion, the prognosticator came to the minis-ter and said, '' I have to tell you, sir, that in a short timethere will be a funeral from your house, and you will

have to follow the coflfln before all the other funeral at-

tendants." Terror, anger, and displeasure, got so muchthe better of the good pastor, that he drove the thought-less fellow out of the door; for his wife was near her con-finement: and, notwithstanding every rational view whichhe took, he passed a melancholy time of it, till at lengthhis wife was safely dehvered and out of danger. He nowreproached the grave-digger most bitterly, and said.*' See, now, how unfounded thy reveries have been!" Buithe corpse-seer only smiled and said, "Sir, the matter is

not yet finished.":

Immediately afterward the preacher's servant-maid diedof an apoplexy. Now, it is the custom there for thema,8ter of the house, on such occasions, to immediatelyfollow the coffin, before the next relatives; but this timethe preacher endeavored to avoid it, in order to confoundthe corpse-seer. He did not venture, however, to offendthe parents of the deceased, which he would have donemost grossly if he had not foUowed the coffin. He found,therefore, a suitable excuse in the circmnstance that hiswife—who, according to the custom prevalent there, wasthen to go to church for the first time after her confine-ment—should take his place, and he would then accom-pany the schoolmaster and his scholars, as was usual.This was discussed and agreed upon, and the parents

were likewise satisfied with it. On the day the funeralwas to take place, the company assembled at the parson-age. The coffin lay on a bier in the porch; the school-master with his scholars stood in a circle in front of thehouse and sang;—the minister was just going out to hisappointed place; his wife stepped behind the coffin, andthe bearers laid hold of the bier, when that very momentthe minister's wife fell down in a fit; she was taken into aroom, and brought again to herself, but was so ill thatshe could not go to church; and the minister was soterrified by this accident, that it no longer occurred tohim to make the grave-digger into a har, but he steppedvery (juietly behind the coffin, as the prognosticator wouldhave it.

WITCHCRAFT. 29

EXTRAORDIlSrAEY FOREWARNING,AS IT REALLY OCCURRED IN LORD TYRONE'S

FAMILY, IN IRELAND.

Lord Tyrone and Lady Beresford were bom in Ireland;they were both left orphans in their infancy, to the careof the same person, by whom they were both edu'^ated inthe principles of Deism. When they were each of themabout fourteen years of age they fell into very differenthands. The persons on whom the care of them now de-volved, used every possible endeavor to eradicate the er-roneous principles they had mibibed, and to persuadethem to embrace the revealed religion, but in vain; theirarguments were insufflent to con^dnce them, but theywere powerful enough to stagger their former faith.

Though now separated from each other, their friendshipcontinued unalterable, and they seemed to regard each,other with a sincere and fraternal affection. After somevears had elapsed, and they were each of them grown up,jhey made a solemn promise to each other, that whoevershould first die, would, if permitted, appear to the otherto declare what religion was most approved of by the Sa-

Ereme Being. Lady Beresford was shortly after addressedy Sir Marcus Beresford, to whom, after a few years; she

was married; but no change in condition had power toalter her friendship: "i-he families frequently visited eachother, and ofcen ispent more than a fortnight together. Ashort time after one of those visits. Sir Marcus Beresfordremarked when his lady came down to breakfast in themorning, that her countenance was unusually pale, andbore evident marks of terror and confusion; he inquiredanxiously after her health, she assured him she was well,

periectly well; he repeated his inquiries, and begged toknow if anything had disordered her; she replied no , shewas as well as usual. " Have you hurt your wrist, haveyou sprained it ?" said he,observing a black ribbon boundround it. She replied no, she had not; but added, " let

me conjure you, Sir M. never to inquire the cause of mywearing this ribbon, you will never more see me withoutit; if it concerned you as a husband to know it, I wouldnot for a moment conceal it from you. I never in my life

denied a request, but of this I must entreat you to for-

give my refusal, and never to urge me further on the sub-

ject." "Very well, my lady, (said he, smiling) since youso earnestly desire me, I will inquire no further." Theconversation here ended; but breakfast was scarcely over

30^ WITCHCRAFT.

when Lady B. inquired if the post was come fai? she "was

told it was not. In a few minutes she again rang the bell

for her servant, and repeated the inqmiy, "Is not thepo^t yet come? '' she'was told it was not. Do you expectany letter, (said Sir M.) that you are so anxious concern-ing the coming of the post?" " I do, (she answered) I ex-

pect to hear that Lord Tyrone is dead: he died last Tues-day, at four o'clock." "I never in my life, (said Sir M.)believed you superstitious, but you must liave had someidle dream which has thus alarmed you.At that instant a servant opened the door, and delivered

to them a letter, sealed with black. " It is as I expected,(exclaimed Lady B,) he is dead.,* Sir M. opened theletter, it came from Lord Tyrone's stewart, and containedthe melancholy intelligence that his master died theTuesday preceding, at the very time that Lady B. hadspecified. Sir M. entreated her to compose her spirits,

and to endeavor as much as lay in her power not to makeherseK unhappy. She assured hun tnat she felt mucheasier than she had for some time past; and added, ** Ican inform you of something which I know will provewelcome. I can assure you beyond the possibility of adoubt, that I am with child of a son." Sir M. received theintelligence with that pleasure that might be expected,and expressed in the strongest terms, the feUcity heshould experience from such an event, which he had eolong ardently desired.

Mter a period of some months. Lady B. was deliveredof a son; she had before been the mother of two daughtersonly. Sir Marcus survived the birth of his son little morethan four years. After his decease his lady went but little

from home; she visited no family but that of a clergyman,who resided in the same village, withwhom she frequentlypassed a few hours, the rest of her time was entirely de-voted to solitude, and she appeared forever determined tobanish all other society. The clergyman's family consist-ed of himself, liis wife, and one son, who at Sir M's. deathwas quite a youth; to this son, however, she was after-wards married, in the space of a few years, notwitiistand-ing the disparity of his years, and the manifest impru-dence of such a connection, so unequal in every respect.The event justified the expectation of every one. Lady

B. was treated by her young husband with neglect andcruelty, and the whole of his conduct evinced him themost abandoned Ubertine, utterly destitute of everyErinciple of virtue and humanity. To this her secondusband. Lady B. brought two daughters; afterwards

,

duch was the profligacy of his conduct, that she insisted

WITCHCRAFl*. Mopon a Mperation. They parted for sometime, when sogt^&t was the sorrow he expressed for his former ill con-duot, that, won over by his supplication and promises, shewas induced to pardon, and once more reside with him;ajQd was, after sometime made the mother of a son.The day on which she had him in a month, being the

anniversary of her birthday, she sent for Lady , ofwhose friendship she had long been possessed, and a fewfriends, to request them to spend the day with her. Aboutnoon the clergyman by whom she had been baptised, andwith whom she had afl her life maintained an intimacy,came into the room to inquire after her health; she toldhim she felt perfectly well, and requested him to spendthe day with her, it being her birthday. " For, (said she)I am forty-eight this day." " No, my lady, (answered theclergyman) you are mistaken, your mother and myselfhaveiiad many disputes concerning your age, and I haveat length discovered I am right; happening to go last

week to the parish where you were born, I was resolvedto put an end to my doubt by searching the register, andfind that you are forty-seven this day.""You have signed my death warrant, (said she) I have

not much longer to live. I must, therefore entreat youto leave me immediately, as I have something of import-ance to settle before I die.

When the clergyman had left Lady B. she sent to for*

bid her company coming; and at the same time to requestIjady , and her son, of whom Sir M. Beresford wasfather, and who then was about twelve years of age, tooome to her apartment. Immediatly upon their arrival,

having ordered her attendants to quit the room, "I have(said Sue) something to communicate to you both beforeI die, a period which is not far distant. You, lady are nostranger to the friendship that always existed betweenIjord Tyrone and myself; we were educated under thesame roof, in the same principles, those of Deism, AVhecthe friends into whose hands we afterwards fell, endeav-ored to persuade us to embrace the revealed religion,

their arguments, though insuflBcient to convince us, werepowerfm enough to stagger our former faith, and to leave

us wavering between two opinions. In this perplexingstate of doubt and uncertainty, we made a solemn promiseto each other, that whichever should happen to die first,

would, if permitted by the Almighty, appear to the other

to declare what religion was acceptable to him. Accord-ingly one night, when Sir M. and myself were in bed, I

awoke, and discovered Lord Tyrone sitting by my betl-

odd; I soreamed out, and endeavored, but in vain, to

83 WITCHCRAFl'.

awake Sir M. ' For heaven's sake, Lord Tyrone, (said Dby what means, or for what purpose came you this thneof night?' 'Have you forgot our promise? (said he) I diedlast Tuesday, at four o'clock, and have been permittedby the Supreme Being to appear to you, to assure youthat the revealed religion is the true and only religion bywhich we can be saved. I am further suffered to informyou, that you are with child of a son, who is decreed tomarry my daughter; not many years after his birth, Sir

M. will die, and you will marry again, and to a manwhose ill treatment you will be rendered miserable by;you will bring him two daughters, and afterwards a son,

in child-bed of whom you will die. in the forty-seventhyear of your age.'

"Just heaven, (exclaimed I) and cannot I preventthis?' 'Undoubtly you may, (returned he); you have afree assent, and may prevent allby resisting every tempta-tion to a second mairiage; but your passions are strong,you know not their power; hitherto you have had notrial, nor am I allowed to tell you, but if after this warn-ing you persist in your infidelity, your lot in anotherworld will be miserable indeed.' 'May T ask, (said I) if

you are happy?' ' Had I been otherwise, (said he) I

should not have been thus permitted to appear to you.''I ma;v thence infer that you are happy? He simled,but diii not answer."But how, said I, when the morning comes, sha,ll I be

convinced that your appearance to me thus has been real,and not the mere phantom of my imagination.' 'Willnot the news of my death, (said he) be sufficient to con-vince you?' 'No (returned I,) I might have had such adream, and that di-eam might accidentally come to pass;I must have stronger proofs of its reality.' 'You shall.'

said he; then waving his hand, the bed curtains, whichwere of crimson velvet, were instantly drawn through alarge iron hoop, by which the tester of the bed, whichwas of an oval form, was suspended: 'In that (said he)you cannot be mistaken; no mortal could have performedthis.' ' True, (said I) but sleeping we are often possessedof far greater strength than awake; though awake I couldnot have done it, asleep I might. I shall still doubt.' Hethen said, 'You have a pocket-book, on the leaves ofwhich 1 will write: you know my handwriting.' I replied'Yes.' He wrote with a pencil on one side of the leaves.* Still, (said I) in the morning, I doubt, though awake 1•nay not unitate your hand, asleep I might.'You ai-e born of belief, I must not touch you, It would

Injure you Irreparably, it is not for spii-its to touch mortal

WITCHCRAFT. 33

flesh-' I do not mind a small blemish,' said I. 'You area woman of spirit, (said he) hold out your hand.' I did;he touched my wrist; his hand was as cold as marble; ina moment the sinews shrunk up, every nerve withered.* Now (said he) while you live, let no mortal eye beholdthat wrist, to see it will be sacrilege.' He stopped; I

turned to him again—he was gone. During the time inwhich I had conversed with hun, my thoughts were per-fectly calm and collected, but the moment he was gone Ifelt chilled with horror, and a cold sweat came over me;every limb and joint shook under me; I endeavored toawake Sir M. but in vain; all my efforts were ineffectual.

In this state of agitation I lay some time, when a showerof tears came to my relief, and I droped asleep. In themorning Sir Marcus arose and dressed hunself as usual,without perceiving the state in which the curtains remain-ed. When I awoke, I found Sir Marcus was gone dovra.

I arose, and having put on my clothes, went into thegallery adjoining our apartment, and took from thence along broom, such a one as in a large house is frequentlyused to sweep the cornices, with the help of which, thoughnot without difficulty, I took down the curtains, as I

imagined their extra,ordinary position would excite

wonder among the servants, and occasion inquiries I

wished to avoid. I then went to my buieau, locked upthe pocket-book and took out a piece of black ribbonwhich I bound round my wrist. When I canie down, theagitation of my mmd on my countenance, was too visible

to pass long unobserved by Sir Marcus; he instantly re-

marked my confusion, and inquhed the cause. I told

him I was weU, perfectly well, but informed him LordTyrone was no more, that he died on the preceding Tues-

day at the hour of four, and at the same time entreated

him to drop all inquiries concerning the black ribbon henoticed on my wrist. He kindly desisted any further

importunity, nor did he ever after imagine th e cause. You,

my son, as had been foretold, I brought into the world

with much rejoicing, and in little more than foar years

after your birth your father died in my arms. After the

melancholy event, I determined, as the, only probable

means by which to avoid the dreadful sequel of the pre-

diction, to give up every pleasure, and to pass tiie re-

mainder of my days in sohtude. But few can endure to

i-emain in a state of superstition. I commenced an mter-

course with one family, and only one; nor could I then

see the fatal consequences which afterwards resulted

from it. Little did I imagine that their son, then- only

Bcai, then a mere youth, would prove the person alloted

M WITCHCRAFT.

by fate to prova my undoing. In a few years I ceased toto regard him with indifference; I endeavored by everypossible means to repel a passion, the fatal consequencesof which, if ever I should be weak enough to yield to its

impulse, I too well loiew, and fondly imagined I shouldovercome its influence ; when in the evening of one fatalday ended my fortitude, and plunged me in a momentdown that abyss I had been so long meditating how toshun. He had frequently been soliciting his parents to gointo the army, and at length obtained their permission,and came to bid me farewell before his departure.Tht Jioment he entered the room he fell down on his

knees at my feet and, told me he was miserable, that Ialone was the cause of it. That instant my fortitude foi>

sook me, I gave myself up for lost; and considering myfate as inevitable, without further hesitation consented toan union, the immediate result of which I knew to bemisery, and its end death. The conduct of my husband,after a few years were passed, amply warranted my de-mand for a separation; I hoped by this means to avoidthe fatal sequel to the prophecy; but, won over by hisrepeated entreaties, I was prevailed on to pardon and oncemore to reside with him, though not until I had, as Isupposed, passed my forty-seventh year; but, I haveheard this day from indisputable authority that I havehitherto laid under a mistake with regard to my age, thals

I am but forty-seven this day. Of the near approach ofmy death, I entertain not the least doubt, but I do notdread it; armed with the sacred precepts of Christianity,I can meet the King of Terrors without dismay; and,without a tear, bid adieu to the regions of mortality fopever.

••' When I am dead, as the necessity of its concealmentcloses vdth my life, I wish that you, my lady, would un-bind my wrist, take from hence the ribbon, and let myson with yourself behold i+." Lady B. here paused forsome time, but resuming her conversation, she entreatedher son to behave so as to merit the high honor he wouldin future receive from an union with lord Tyrone'sdaughter. Lady B. then expressed a wish to lie down ona bed to compose herself asleep. Lady , and her soir

immediately called her attendants, and quitted the room,after having tirst desired them attentively to watch theiimistress, and should they observe any change in her, tocall instantly. An hour passed, and all was silent in theroom, they listened at the door and every thing was still;

but in half an hour more a bell rung violently, they fle\n

to her apartment, but before they reached the door of it

WITCHCRAFT. 85

they heard the servants exclaim, "my mistress Is dead."Lady ^ then desiring the servants to quit the roon^Lady B's son with herself then approached the bed of hiemother, they knelt down by the side of it. Lady -

—

they lifted up her hand, imbound the black ribbon, andfound the wrist exactly in the same state Lady B. haddescribed, every nerve withered, every sinew shrunk np.Lady B's son, as has been predicted, is now married toLord Tyrone's daughter; the black ribbon and pocket-book are now in the possession of Lady , bywhom theabove narrative is stated, in Ireland; who together wi^the Tyrone family, will be found to attest its truth.

THE " WHITE LADY.'

One of tue most attractive, blood-curdling, hair-raismgand goose-flesh causing legends in the whole history ofsuperstition is that of the appearance of the *' WhiteLady" as the precursor of death in the royal family ofI^ussia. In the first place the ''White Lady" is duplex;there -are two of her. One is the unhappy ghost of theCountess Agnes of Orlamunde, who is aUeged to have de-parted this life after the procrastinating fashion peculiarto the middle ages, by being walled up ahve in a vaultin the palace at Berlin. The occasion for this incarcera-tion is said to have been her poisoning of the two sons ofthe then Margrave of Brandenburgh (incidentally herown, by the way), who stood 'in the road to her promisedmarriage to the Margrave. The other personality of tha** White Lady" was, while in the flesh, the PrincessBertha von Rosenberg, who lived in the fifteenth century^ed in the odor of sanctity, bequeathed a gift to the poorand this gift having been falsely discontinued, "walks'*Ht periods inconvenient to the HohenzoUern family, toJ emind them of the impropriety of their course. Once ia1628, the " AVhite Lady " made her appearance at the pair

ace in Berlin and made the remark, in Latin, *' I wait fear

judgment." Pending the incident for which she waite^<* HohenzoUern departed this life. Again, some hundredor so of years later, she was seen at the Castle of Neu-haus, in Bohemia, when she casuaUy observed to theprincess who encountered her, " It is ten o'clock." Thischronological information so affected the princess thatsne d^ed in a few weeks. The latest appearance of Lajyg^xnf Blanche was in 1879, again in the palace in Berlin;

iF^' Uately there occured the death of Prine© Wald*tkhH' We are ixiformed that this persistent and lonff^

ts^ wiTcnciiAFa\

lived speetre was seen not long since by the ni^hfc senttneis on guard at the royal castle at Berliu- and now Ber-lin society is ail agog with a delicious fear and wonderMient, waiting for grim Death to ciy.

—

Telegram.

One of the most singular freaks of nature ever falling,

tmder our observation is the fungus growth in the posses-Bion of Mr. Simon Snyder, keeper of the hotel at Con-ville, I'owa. In May, 1882, Mr. Snyder lost a hand whileworking in a planuig mill at Portsmouth, Ohio, and theamputated member was buried in his garden. Twoweeks after there grew out of the mound covering thecairn a fungus plant of the exact,form of the hand. Itwas visited by hundreds of peoplemany of whom thoughtit was a portent of evU. On his removal to Conville, Mr.Snyder brought the fungus preserved in alcohol. Theyare of a dark brown color, and what is as remarkable asthe growth itself, the fore-finger in its shortened length is

a reproduction of the original which had been amputatedfcwo years before. It will pay visitors to Conville to seethis wonderful duplication.

How DID IT GET THERE ?—We saw on Tuesday after-

noon a perfectly formed, apparently human hand, thatof an infant, taken from the centre of a new-grown pota-to, in a field nea,r town. The formation is so perfect thatthe smallest fibres and ligaments are quite apparent, andby touching the thmnb or wrist the motion is felt

throughout the whole hand.

—

From the Cape Breton Advocate*

OF MEDICAL HERBS.

The old writers on Astrology and Magic give volumin-ous directions for gathering herbs and plants at certaiaperiods during the waxing and waning of the Moon; butthe more modern professors of the art, for the most partreject these formulas and rely rather upon the nature ofthe plants themselves, and upon the predominating stel-

lar influences at the time their juices are expressed a,ndprepared for use, for the efficacy of the various vegetablemedicines used in Astrological Pharmacy.An English Astrologer who published a work on Chir-

omancy in 1671, insists in his preface thereto, that anyplant bearing a resemblance to a portion of the humanframe, is a specific for the diseases of the member whichtt is assimilated to. He gives several illustrations of his

;;W1TCHCRAFT. 87

©pinion, a few of which, modernized from the quaint andsomewhat coarse language of the book, are cited below.How far fa,cts will bear out the doctrine of afiOnities

laid down by the author, the reader can ascertain byt^xperiment."Maiden Hair and the Moss of Quinces resemble the

fibres of the head. Hence a decoction thereof is good forbaldness.Plants resembhng the figure of the heart are comfort-

ing thereto. Therefore the Citron-apple, Fuller's Thistle,Spikenard, Balm, Mint, White-beet, parsley, and Mother-wort, which bear in leaves and roots a heart-like formare ccagenial to that organ.Herbs that simulate the shape of the lungs, as Sage,

Lungwort, Hounds-tongue ,and Camphrey, are good forpulmonary complaints.Vegetable productions Kke in figure to the ears, as the

leaves of Folefoot or wild Spikenard rightly prepared asa conservo and eaten, improve the hearing and memory.Oil extracted from the shells of sea-snails, which have thetm*ningsand curvature of the ears, also tends wonderfullyto the cure of deafness.When plaiits resemble the nose in their configuration,

as the leaves of the Wild Water Mint; they are beneficialin restoring tue sense of smell.

Certain plants hf^^^ving a semblance of the womb—asBirthwort or HeartAvort, Ladies' Seal or Briony, etc.,

conduce much to a safe accouchement.Shrubs and Herbs hke unto the bladder and gall are ex-

cellent for tho^e parts; as Night-shade, Alkakenge andNux Visicaria. These relieve the gravel and stone.Herbs formed Uke the milt, as Miltwort, Spleenwort,

and Lupins, are i ecommended for the strengtheing of thatpart of the human viscera.

Plants that are Uver-shaped, as the herb Trinity, Liver-wort, Agarick, I'ermitory and Figs, are efficacious inbilious (Mseases.

Walnuts, Indian Nuts, Leeks and the root of Ragwort,because of their ft^rm, are said when duly prepared toturtner generaiion and prevent sterility.

Herbs and Seeds, in shape like the teetli, as Toothwort,Pine Kernel, etc., preserve the dental organization.Plants of knobbed form, Uke the knuckles or joints, as

Galingale and the "Snotty Odoriferous rush (Calamus,)are good for spinal eoraplaints, renal diseases, foot gout,knee swellings, and ill joint pains whatsoever.

Oily vegetable products, as the Filbert, Walnut,AJsnond, etc., tend t^,. I^tness of body. Plants naturalij

jsi WITCHCRAFT.

lean emaciate those who take them; as Sarsaparilia OSlong-leaved Rosa Solie.

Fleshy plants make flesh for the eaters; for instance theOnion, Leek and Colewort. Ceruaia plants fortify andbrace the nerves; for example, the Sensitive plant, Net-tles, the roots of Malloras, the herb Nem-as, etc. Thesame are to be used as outward applications.

Herbs milky in thejr substance propagate milk; as Let-tuce and the fruit of the Almond and Fig trees.

Plants of a serous nature purge the noxious humorsbetween the flesh and the skin, as Spurge and Scamony,Herbs whose acidity turns milk to curd, are said to

lead to procreation. Such are Gallium, and the seeds ofSpurge.Those semples that obstruct the coagulation of milk, as

Ru3 mixed with Cummin, will relieve a sore breast wheathe milk is knotted in it, if applied thereto.

Plants that are hollow, as the staliis of Grain, Reeds,Leeks, Garlick, etc., are good to purge, open and sooth©the hollow parts of the body."The following from "Hermeppus Redivivus," a work

now out of print, prescribes the method of preparing thefamous Elixir ow Life. This supposed specific for therenewal and perpetuation of youth and beauty, wassought for during the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenthcenturies with as much avidity as the philosopher's stone,which the alchemists believed would, like the touch ofMidas, change all meaner substances into the regal metal—Gou).

THE FAMOUS ELIXIR OF LIFE.

PREPARED FROM BALM.

"In the proper season of the year, when the herb is atits full growth, and, consequently, its juices in their wholevigor, gather at the fittest time of the day a sufficient

quantity of balm, wipe it clean, and pick it; then put it ina stone mortar, and, by laborious beating, reduce it intoa thin pap."Take this glutinous and odoriferous substance and

put it into a bolt-head, which is to be hermetically sealed,and then place it in a dunghill, or some gentle heat equiv-alent thereto, where it must digest for forty days

*' When it is taken out, the matter will appear clearerth/in ever, and have a quicker scent. Then separate thegrosser pai'ts, which, however, are , not to be thrown

WITCHCRAFT. 89

away, fpnt this llq^nid into a gentle bath, that the re-maining gross particles may perfectly subside. In themeantime, dry calcine, and extract the fixed salt of thegrosser parts, separated as before mentioned, which fixedsalt is to be joined to the liquor when filtrated.

"Next take sea salt, well purified, melt it, and, bysetting it in a cold place, it will run, and become clearand limpid. Take equal parts of both liquors, mix thor-oughly, and having hermetically sealed them in a propeiglass, let them be carefully exposed to the sun, in thewarmest season of the year, for about six weeks. At theend of this space, the prim muens of the bahn will appearswimming on the top like a bright green oil, which is tobe carefiiUy separated and preserved. Of this oil, a fewdrops taken in a glass of wine for several days together,will bring to pass those wonders that are reported of theCountess of Desmond and others; for it will entirelychange the juices of the human body, reviving the decay-ing frame of life, and restoring the spirits of long lost

youth."The author who records this curious and wonderful

discovery, remarks, "If after the medicine is thus pre-pared, any doubt be had of its efificacy, or of its mannerof operation, let a few drops be given every day on rawmeat to any old dog or cat, and in less than a fortnight,

by the changing of their coats and other incontestablechanges, the virtue of this preparation will sufficiently

appear."This is the preparation of balm which Mr. Boyle (the

celebrated chemist) mentions in his works; and in whichhe teUs us that "Dr. Le Fevre " gave him an account of

it, "in the presence of a famous physician, and anothervirtuoso, to whom he applied, as knowing the truth of

what he said, that an intimate friend of his, whom," saysMr. Boyle, "he named to me, having prepared the pri-

mums ens of balm, to satisfy himseK the better of its ef-

fects, made a trial upon himself, and took of it accordingto the prescription, for above a fortnight; long beforewhicli, his nails, both of his hands and feet, began to

loosen themselves from the skin,, (but without pain,)

which, at length, falling olf of their own accord, this gen-tleman keeps yet by him in a box for a rarity; but wouldnot pursue the trial any farther, being satisfied with whathe had found, and being in no need of such physic; buthaving given of the same medicated wine, for tenor twelve days, to a woman that served in his house, andwho was near seventy years of age, without letting herknow what he expected, the peculiar signs of youth in f©-

4» WITCHCRAFl.

males Decame so apparent that she was alarmed, and hedid not prosecute the experiment any farther. And whenI asked,"says Mr, Boyle, "why ho made no trial on beasts,it was answered, that though he had but little of the medi-cine, yet he put apart an old hen, and moistening herfood with some drops of it for a week, about the sixth dayshe began to moult her feathers by degrees till she becamenaked; but before a fortnight was passed, she began to regain others, which, when they were come to their full

growth, appeared fair and better colored than at first."

And he added, "that besides that her crest was raisedshe also laid more eggs than she was wont to do before."In our childhood, our mothers' maids have so terrified

us with an ugly devil ha\dng horns on liis head, fhe in hismouth, and a tail at his breech; eyes like a basin, fangslike a dog claws hke a bear, a skin like a negro, and avoice roaring lili.e a lion, whereby we start and are afraidwhen we hear one cry Boh ! and they have so frayed uswith bull-beggars, spirits, witches, unchins, elves, hags,faries, satjTS, pans, fauhes, sylvans, kitt-with-the-candle-stick, tritrons, centaurs, dwarfs, giants, imps, calcars, con-jureres, nymphs, changehngs, incubus, Robhi Goodfellow,the spoorn, the man-in-the-oak, the hellwain, the fir^drake, the puckle, Tom Thum, Hobgoblin, Tom Tumbler,Boneless, and such other bugbears, that we are afradof our own shadows, insomuch that some never fear thedevil but on a dark night; and then a polled sheep is aperilous beast, and many times is taken for our father'ssoul, especially in a churchyard, where a right hardy manhitherto durst not to have passed by night but his hairwould stand upright.

It is asserted by several authorities that no less thanthree thousand persons were executed for Witchcraft dur-ing that dark period of heretical pravity, the Great Re-bellion. Now, as " Rebellion," according to the express as-surance of the Prophet Samuel (1 Sam. xv. 23) "is as thesin of Witchcraft," no hearty believer in God's revelationcan be at all surprised to find that both Witchcraft andRebellion in an atmosphere of heresy flourished together,under that odious tyrant and hypocritical fanatic, OhveiCromwell: when the altar was thrown down and bothKing and Archbishop were murdered.In 1488, the country four leagues around Constance was

laid waste by lightning and tempest; and two women Ibe-

ing, by fair means or foul, made to confess themselvesguilty as the cause of the devastation, suffered death.About 1515, five hundred persons were executed at Ge-

neva, under the character of "Protestant witches;" froia

WITCHCRAFT. 41

wMch we may suppose many suffered for "heresy. Forty-eight witches were burnt at Ravensburgh within fouryears, as Hutchison reports, on the authority of Mengho,the author of the Malleus Maleficaruni. In Lorraine, thelearned inquisitor, Remigius, boasts that he put to deathnine hundred people in fifteen years. As many were ban-ished from that country; so that whole towns were on thepoint of becoming desolate. In 1524, a thousand personswere put to death in one year at Coma, in Itiily, andabout one hundred every year for several years.In the beginning of the next century, the persecution,

of witches broke out in France with a fury which washardly conceivable, and multitudes were burnt amid thatgay and lively people.The dream of the so-called "Swaffham Tinker" is

singular, and may well be here reproduced, because it

represents an example of the practical results of dream-ing, which is quite worthy of consideration :

—

"This Tinker, a hard-worldng, industrious man, onenight dreamed that if he took a journey to London, andplaced himself at a certain spot on London Bridge, hoshould meet one who would tell him something of greatimportance to his future prospects. The Tinker, on whomthe dream made a deep impression, related it fully tohis wife in the morning; who, however, half-laughed athim and half-scolded him for his folly in heeding such idle

fancies. Next night he is said to have re-dreamed thedream; and again on the third night, when the impres-sion was so powerful on his mind that he determined, inspite of the remonstrances of his wife and the ridicule ofhis neighbors, to go to London and see the upshot of it.

Accordingly he set oif for the metropolis on foot, reachedit late on the third day (the distance was ninety miles),

and after the refreshment of a night's rest, took hisstation next day on a part of the Bridge answering to thedescription in his dream. There he stood all day, and all

the next, and all the third, without any communicationas to the purpose of his journey; so that towards night,on the third day he began to lose patience and confidencein his dream, inwardly cursed his folly in disregarding hiswife's counsel, and resolved next day to make the best ofhis way home. He stUl kept his station, till late in theevening, when just as he was about to depart, a strangerwho had noticed him standing steadfastly and withanxious look on the same spot for some days, accostedJiim, and asked him what he waited there for. After alittle hesitation, the Tinker told him his errand, thoughwithout acquainting him with the name of the place

4S WITCHCRAPT.

whence he came. The stranger enjoyea a smile at therustic's simplicity, and advised him to go home and for

the future pay no attention to dreams. ' I myself, said

he, ' if I were disposed to put faith in such things, mightnow go a hundred miles mto the country upon a similar

errand. I dreamed three nights this week that if I wentto a place called Swaffham in I^orfolk, and dug under anapple-tree in a certain garden on the north side of thetown I should find a box of monej'-; but I have somethingelse to do than run after such idle fancies ! No, no, myfriend; go home, and work well at yoar calling, and youwill find there the riches you are seeking here.' The as-

tonished Tinker did not doubt that this was the com-munication he had been sent to London to receive, buthe merely thanked the stranger for his advice, and wentaway avowing his intention to follow it up. Next dayhe set for home, and on his arrival there said little to hiswife touching his journey; but next morning he rose be-times and began to dig on the spot he supposed to bepointed out by the stranger. AVhen he had got a few feet

down, the spade struck upon something hard, whichturned out to be an iron chest. This he quickly carriedto his house, and when he had with difficuly wrenchedopen the ud, found it, to his great joy, to be full ofmoney. After securing his treasure, he observed on thelid of the box an inscription, wliich, unlearned as he was,he could not decipher. Bat by a stratagem he got theincription read without any suspicion on the part of hisneighbors by some of the Grrammar School lads, andfound it to be—

* "Where this stoodIs another twice as good.*

And in truth on digging again the lucky Tinker dismter-red, below the place where the fii'st chest had lain, asecond twice as large, also full of gold and silver coin. Itis stated that, become thus a wealthy man, the Tinkershowed his thankfulness to Providence by building a newchancel to the church, the old one being out of repair.And whatever fiction the marvellous taste of those agesmay have mixed up with the tale, certain it is that thereis shown to this day a iiionument m Swaffham Church,having an effigy in marble, said to be that of the Tinkerwith his Dog at his side and his t^:)ls and hnplements oftrade lying about him."

Among the various histories of singular dreams and cor-responding events, the following, wiiich occurred in the

WITCHCRAFT. 43

early parfc of the eighteenth century, seems to merit be-ing here placed on record. Its authenticity will appearfrom the relation; and it may surely be maintained that amore extraordinary concurrence of fortuitous and ac-cidental cu^cumstances can scarcely be produced or paral-leld:

—

Cassius of Parma, who had espoused the cause of MaroAnthony, fled to Athens after the battle of Actium. Whilesleeping in his apartments there, he saw a man enter hischamber- an individual with dark complexion and dis-hevelled hair, very tall and stout. Cassius demanded whohe was; to which the phantom replied, "I am your evilgenius." The dreamer arose in a fright, and seeing noone present, summoned his slaves, inquiring if any amongthem had seen a stranger enter the appartment. An ex-a,mination showed the doors of the house to have beenfirmly closed, so that it was impossible for any one toenter. Cassius persuaded that he had been the victim ofsome chemical illusion, again went to sleep, but the samevision presented itself a second time, addressing him withthe same words. Cassius, troubled, arose from his couchand summoned lights. At early day-break he was as-sassinated by order of the Emperor Augustus.

Two Arcedian friends, journeying together, arrived atMegara, at which place the one took lodgings at thehouse of a friend, while liis companion put up at a pubUctavern. The traveler lodging at his friend's, was visitedin a dream by hio comrade, who suppMcated him to comeand extricate him from a trap set for him by the innkeep-er. He awoke suddenly, arose, dressed and hastenedhimself towards the tavern, when an afterthought impel-led him tp return, and he again undressed and went tosleep. Again his comrade presented himself, but this

time covered with blood, and beseeching him to avengehis murder. The phantom informed his fellow travelerthat he had been treacherously assassinated by the tavernkeeper, and his body concealedbeneath a dunghill outsidethe city gates. Terrified at this second appiration, theArcadian hesitated no longer, but going to the place de-

signated, he discovered his friend's corpse, and was there-

fore enabled to bring the murderer to justice.

A tradesman of Paris, sleeping in bed with his wife,

dreamed that he heard the voice exclaiming to him :" I

have now finished forty years, seven months, and twenty-nine days of labor, and I am happy." The wife, sleeping

by her husband's side, had the same dream and upon

44 IWITCHCRAFT.

awakening in the morning went forth, and without men-tioning the occurrence, procured a lottery-ticket bearingthe numbers 40-7-29. Tlie same day the numbers cameout, and the tradesman lamented his indiscretion in nottaking the advice of his nocturnal visitor. His sorrowwas turned into joy when he learned that his wife, profit-

ing by her dream, had drawn the grand prize in the KoyalLottery.

An old lady of Paris was in the habit of encouragingher niece by promises of wealth, which she never fulfilled;

extenuating her procrastination from year to year, by re-

course of ingenious expedients, and she finally died.

Shortly afer her decease, the aunt appeared during thenight-time and instructed her niece to remove the centretile of their hearth, where she would discover the oft pro-mised treasure. The young girl obeyed the injunction,but discovered in the caA ity nothing save a heap ofcinders. In vexation of spirit, the niece rallied vehement-ly against the duplicity of a relative deceiving her afterdeath. On the following night, however, the phantomagain appeared, and without saying a word, designatedfour numbers apparently on the wall. Although placinglittle rehance upon the injunction which she conceived torelate to a lottery (then the town talk), the niece resolvedto try her luck, especially as the ticket offered for herpurchase by the dealer bore the same numbers designatedby the apparition. Subsequently, these numbers cameout in the order indicated, and the girl came into pos-session of four hundred thousand francs.

FOLK-LORE OF PINS.

Popular Superstitions.—Wliy, however, north coun»try people are so persistent in their refusal to give oneanother a pin it is not easy to discover, as even theythemselves cannot give the origin and reason of this su-perstition. When asked for a pin they invariably say,

"You may take one, but mind, I do not give it." It may,perhaps, have some connection with the vulgar prejudiceagainst giving a knife or other sharp instrument, as men-tioned by Gay in his "Shepherd's Week."

But woe is ne I such presents luckless prove.For knives, they tell me, always sever love.

—a supposition as popular now as in days gone by. An-other fact associated with pins willdoubtless interest those

WITCHCRAFT. 10

of the fair sex about to enter on the happy state of mat-rimony. Thus it is still a prevalent belief m certain placesthat a bride in removing her bridal robe and chaplet atthe completion of the marriage ceremonies, must takespecial care to throw away every pin worn on this event-ful day. Woe to the bride who keeps even one pin usedm the marriage toUet. Woe also to the bridesmaids if

they retain any of them, as their chances of marriage willthereby be materially lessened, and anyhow they mustgive up all hope of being wedded before the followingWhitsuntide. On the other hand, in Sussex on her re-turn home from church is often robbed of all the pinaabout her di^ess by her single friends present, from the be-lief that whoever possesses one of them will be marriedm the course of a year. Much excitement and amuse-ment are occasionally caused by the youthful competitorsfor this supposed charm, and the bride herself Is not un-frequently the victim of rather rough treatment.A poor peasant dwelling in the vicinity of Rheims, in

Champagne, saw, one night, during his slumbers, a youngman, who taking him by the hand, conducted him to thebase of an old wall, where, after designating a huge stonerecommended him to raise it up on the morrow, he sud-denly vanished. The peasant followed his advice, andfound the stone nidicated in his dream, which upon beingdisplaced, revealing a vase filled with golden coins—en-riching the dreamer and his family,

SBEma WITH THE EYES CLOSED.

The following account of a remarkable case of somnam-bulism contributed to the American Journal of MedicalScience by Dr, Be'den. an able practitioner, who attend-

ed the lady afflicted nith these somnambulic paroxysms:* * "After H9v,iT:xi attei/iptstokeep her in bed, it was

determined to sulier iiei to lixke her own course Releasedfrom restraint, she dres^^etj her&elf went down stairs

and proceeded u> m^ake preparations for breakfast. Sheset the table, arranged the various articles with the ut-

most precision, went into a dark room to a closet at the

most remote coiner of it, from which she took the coffee

cups, placed them on a tray, turned it sideways to pass

ihrough the door, avoided ail intervening obstacles, anddeposited the whole safely on the table. She then wentinto the pantry, the blinds of which were shut and the

doors closer* after her. She then skimmed the milk,

«>oured the creaxii into one cup and the milk into another

WAthout filling a drop. She tUen cut the breaxl, placed

46 WITCHCRAFli

ft regularly on the ^'plate, and divided the eUcesinth©imddle. In fine, she went through the whole operationof preparing breakfast with as much t)recision as sheeouid m open day, and this with her eyes closed, andwithout any light except that of one lamp which wasstanding in the room to enable the family to observe heroperations, She finally returned voluntarily to bed, andon finaing the table arranged for brealifast when shemade her appeai-ance in the morning inquired why shehad been suffered to sleep while another performed herr^^J; ^A?^® ^^ *^® transacLions of the preceding nighthad left the shghtest impresaioa <m. her mind. In oneinstance sii« ^ioi driirr •wqngr'ec! the table for a meal, butactually prepoirea a dinner with her eyes closed.*^

PREVOYANTVISIOIS" OP JOHN KNOX.

John Knox, the great Scottish Reformer, when uponhis death bed, experienced a most remarkable presenthment as to the fate of his friend Kirkaidy of Grange, who,during the civil war of that period, washolding the Castle©f Edinburgh in the cause of Mary Queen of Scots and ofthe Anti-Protestant party. The particulars are in thiswise related by Calderwood, the nistorian, whose testi-

mony is unimpeachable:** John Knox, being on his death bed, sent for his col-

league and uccessor, Mr. L^wson, Mr. Lindsay, Ministerof Leith, and the elders and deacons of Edinburgh, all oiwnom he address d in a farewell speech,"They were departing, when Knox called back Lindsa|r

and Lawson, and desired to speak with them in priva*^* Weel, brother,' said he addressing Lindsay, *I, have de-ared all this dav to ' Ave had you, that I may send youto yon man in the Casti , whom you know I have lovedso dearly. G^ . 1 pr^y you, to hun, and tell him I havesent you to him y^c ^nce to warn him and bid him in thename of God^ lea^e the. evil cause and give over theCastle. If not, he . h II be bro :ght down over the wallaof it with shame, and hang art«»inst the sun. So hath Godassured me.' Lindsay went to tne Castle accordingly and ,

delivered Knox's message; but Kirkaidy, after conferringwith Secretary Letington, said, * Go, tell Mr. Knox he is

but a drytliing prophet.' Mr. Lindsay retm*ned to Mr,Knox and reported how he had discharged his commis-sion. *Well r said Knox, 'I have been earnest with myGod anent these two men. For the one, I am sorry soQhaH befall him; yet, God assm'eth me that there is mercy

WITCHCRAFT. «ft» his sotil. For the other I have no ivarrant that tt shaabe well with him.'

*• Kirkaidy maintained the Castle for some months afterKnox's death, but was at lest forced to surrender, where-upon he was condemed to death as a traitor and hangedat Edinburgh on the 3d of August, 1573, at four o'clock inthe afternoon, the sun being west."

The Prince of Navarre, afterwardsKmg Henry the IV.,of France, while playing at dice with a company at thecourt of Charles IX., on the eve of St. Bartholomew,observed several drops of blood to fall upon the cloth,which spread consternation among the players.

On the day upon which Gen. Arnold died in NovaScotia, the tree under which Major Andre was captured,near Tarrytown, fell, although there was no storm.

On the eve of the assassination of Julius C«esar, thetemple of Jupiter Stabor trembled to its foundation, andan enormous piece of rock fell from the height of theeapitol, and carried with it a Roman standard bearer*who was on guard, at the opening of the road.

THE DIVINING EOD.

FACTS VERSUS THE DICTUM OF SCIENCE—^WHATA TENNESSEAN CAN DO.

A New York Paper publishes the following Item of In-terest:

I have seen several articles in regard to the diviningrod. I know that science does not recognize such a thing,but were not all the sciences tested and proved by practi-

cal experiment before they were recognized by the scien-

tific world ? There is a man in tliis country who believes

as strongly in the divining rod as the navigator does in

the mariner's compass. He is not an illiterate, supersti-

tious man, but is as well informed on all subjects as anylaboring man you ever met. He does not claim that heis enabled to locate a stream of water or a vein of miner-al beneath the surface of the earth by any virtue contain-

ed in the rod, nor is it by the art of hocus pocus, but it is

in and through the influence of electricity, with whichhis system is abundantly charged.You will say: " If this be true why does he not gc* vo

Bome mining country and make himself and others ridi ,

m :WITCHCRAFTL

by locating mineral veins ?'* He is a man that has hadto labor very hard all his life. Now he is old and infirm,

and unable to travel. This discovery with him dates onlya few years back. His field for practice and experimentis limited consequently he gains knowledge on the subject

slowly.I will mention a few of the things that he claims he can

do with the rod; He can locate a stream of water, andwhere the ground is perfectly level, measure its depth be-

low the surface as accurately as you can measure it after

the well is dug. He does not claim the depth within less

than a foot, because the surface is so seldom perfectly

level. There are hundreds of men in East Tennessee thatwiU testify to this fact from actual experience. Some of

them are as responsible men as there are in the State.

He has never failed to convei t any man who would gowith him, no matter how sceptical, and he has certificates

Irom a number of as intelligent men as there are in Ten^nessee. I cannot give you, in this conmiunication, anyidea of the various means by which he is enabled to dem-onstrate these tilings, but if you have any curiosity onthe subject, and will answer this communication, like youdo all othei-s, you wfil elicit something from him that maybe of interest to you.Another writer says: " The divining rod is only another

exemplification of a power not yet recognized. With aSiece of witch hazel I discovered the Witch Hazel CoalLines. I told the number of feet a shaft would have to

be sunk to reach the coal, and even gave the thickness ofthe vein. I got $5,000 for locating the Witch Hazel minesand am also paid 13J^ cents a ton for every ton of coaltaken out of them." John R. Whitelaw, Superintendentof the Cleveland Water Works, says: " At Geauga Lake,Mr. Latimer showed the power of the divining rod.

After he had cut one I asked him to go over a little streamthat we saw running from the bank. We knew that the"Water was there, and we wanted to see whether the rod"would work over it. It was surprising. He held theprongs so firmly in his hands that the green bark twistedoff in his palms,"Water witches are highly regarded in the far West.

One man in particular has the reputation in Colorado, ofbeing a trustworthy diviner, and he is always in request.By trade he is a well-digger, but to this commonplaceoccupation he has added the profession of water finder.

And he is not exclusively employed by silly people, butby practical men of business. Thus he is designating tor

a railroad company all the wells along the new iine whicii

WITCHCRAFT. 40

they are constructing. The histrument of divination is aforked twig, by preference a mulberryo

DIVINING ROD.

In the manuscript Discourse on Witchcraft, 1705, written by John Bell, p. 41, I find the following account fromTheophylact on the subject of rabdomanteia, or rod divi-

nation :" They set up two staffs, and having whispered

some verses and iiicantations, the staffs fell by the opera-tion of daemons. Then they considered which way each,of them fell, forward or backward, to the right or left

hand, and are agreeably given responses, having madeuse of the fall of then* staffs for their signs."With the divining rod seems connected a lusus nature

of ash tree bough, resembling the litui of the Romanaugurs and the Christian pastoral staff, which still obtainsa place, if not on this account I know not why, in thecatalogue of popular superstitions. Seven or eight yearsago I remember to have seen one of these, wJiich Ithought extremely beautiful and curious, in the house ofan old woman in Beeralston, Devonsliire, of whom Iwould most gladly have purchased it; but she declinedparting with it on any account, thinking it would be un-lucky to do so.

Divination by the rod or wand is mentioned in the pro-

Ehecy of Ezekiel. Hosea, too, reproaches the Jews aseing infected with the Uke superstition: '' My people ask

counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth untothem." Chap. iv. 13. Not only the Chaldeans used rodsfor divination, but almost every nation v^hich has pre-tended to that science has practiced the same method.Herodotus mentions it as a custom of the Alani, and Tac-itus of the old Germans.The earhest means made use of by the miners for the

discovery of the lode was the divining rod. The methodof procedure was to cut the twig of twelve months'growth, into a forked shape, and to hold this by bothhands in a peculiar way, walking across the land untilthe twig bent, which was taken as an indication of thelocality of a lode. The person who generally practicesthis divination boasts himself to be the seventh son of aseventh son. The twig of hazel bends in his hands to theconviction of the miners that ore is present; but then thepeculiar manner in which the twig is held, bringing mus-cular action to bear upon it, accounts for its gradual de-

flecjftion, and the circumstances of the strata walked ove»

~,«>v ,«, mtm^Hi"*'*''*'*'^

50 WITCHCRAIT?.

always containing ore gives a further oredit to the pro-

cess of divination.The vulgar notion, still prevalent in tne north of Eng-

land, of the hazeFs tendency to a vein of lead ore, seamor stratum of coal, &c., seems to be a vestige of this roddivination.The virgula divina, or bocalns divinatorius, is a forked

branch in the form of a Y, cut off an hazel stick, bymeans whereof people have pretended to discover mines,

springs, &c., underground. The method of using it is

this: the person who breaks it, walking very slowly over

the places where he suspects mines or springs may be,

the effluvia exhaling from the metals, or vapor from the

water impregnating the wood, makes it dip, or incline,

which is the sign of a discovery.We read, iin the same work for Nov, 1751, xxi. 507:

*' So early as Agricola, the divining rod was in much re-

quest, and has obtained great credit for its discoverywhere to dig for metals and springs of water: for someyears past its reputation has been on the decUne,^ butlately it has been revived with great success by an inge-

nious gentleman, who, from numerous experiments, hathgood reason to believe its effects to be more than imagi-nation. He says, that hazel and willow rods, he has byexperience found, will actually answer with all persons ina good state of health, if they are used with moderationand at some distance of time, and after meals, when theoperator is in good spirits. The hazel, willow, and elm,are all attracted by springs of water; some perhaps havethe virtue intermittently; the rod, in their hands, wiU at-

tract one half hour, and repel the next. The rod is at-

tracted by all metals, coals, amber, and lime-stone, butwith different degrees of strength. The best rods arethose from the hazel, or nut tree, as they are pliant andtough, and cut in the winter months. A shoot that ter-

minates equally forked is to be met with, two single ones,of a length and size, may be tied together with a thread,and will answer as well as the other."

The Demonstration of METAiiLic Transmutation,Affinity, and the Secret of Philosophers; or. HowTO Change Lead into Quicksilver.—Let there be onepound of lead melted in an earthen vessel, and then putinto it also one pound of that tinny metal which is usual-ly called by the name of marcasite; and when they areboth melted together you must stir them up and down,and temper them to a pefect medley with a wooden ladlaIn the mean space you must have four pounds of quiok-

WITCHiSRAFT. MtSSver wanned in another vessel standing by, to cast inupon that compounded metal, for unless your quicksilverbe warm it will not close nor agree with your metals; thentemper your quicksilver and your metal together for awhile, and presently after cast it into cold water; so shallit not congeal in any hard lump, but float on the top ofthe water, and be very quick and hvely.

To Tincture Silver into Gold.—Make first a tart lye,

put quicklune into a pot, whose bottom is full of manysmall holes, put a piece of wood or tile-shard upon it,

then by degrees pour in the powder and hot water, andby the narrow holes at the bottom let it drain into aelean earthen vessel under it; do this again, to make it

exceeding tart. Powder filbium and put into this, thatit may evaporate into the thin air; let it boil at an easyfire, for when it boils the water will be of a purple color;

then strain it into a clean vessel through a Unen cloth;

again, pour on the lye on the powders that remain, andlet it boil so long at the fire, till the water seems of abloody color, no more. Then boil the lye that is colored,

putting fire under, till the water be all exhaled; but thepowder that remains being dry, with- the oil of tartardried and dissolved, must be cast again upon plates madeequal of parts of gold and silver, within an earthen cruci-

ble; cover it so long with coals, and renew your work,till it be perfectly like to gold.

Iron changed into Brass.—It is reported that in theMountain Carpatusan, Hill of Pannonia, at a certain towncalled Smolinitum, there is a lake, in which are threechannels, the waters of which are so impregnated withcopper and gold, that upon adding absolute vitriol por-

tions of pure gold become deposited.

The Sympathetic and Occult Virtues of Plants,Animals, Metals, &c.—In these few remarks on the

sympathetic influences I have ventured to turn the light

of a great central and positive science upon the mysteries,

which all men, who dare think, are anxious to penetrate

—for illustration:

If we bury a crab for three months in horse-dung, hewill turn to a scorpion. But if you thus bury a scorpion

or lizard, he will die mstantly. Some, by the use of eels

and brandy, cure a person of drunkenness. But how?Why, simply by the power of sympathy. But once for

all, let me here say, that this knowledge I cheerfully im-

part for the good of mankind. And every wise person

69 WITCHCRAFT.

will see fn a moment that great care must be exertedwhere knowledge might be used for a bad purpose. Butto proceed. A black cat drops dead at the sight of a Ben-gal tiger; a cat of any other color is not affected in theleast. A snake will kill a bird by looking at it for thespace of fifteen minutes; but a snake can produce no ef-

fect on men or animals. Why ? Because the proper sym-pathies are not brought into action. A rat will die bybeing compelled to look at or be near an English ferret.

If an ox is killed, and let xie in a tight house with plentyof glass windows to admit the Mght, he will in a shorttime be converted into millions of bees. If he is killedand let lie upon an open field, he will soon be convertedinto millions of maggots.Behold the beautiful doctrine of universal affinity or

syinpathy 1 If a lady, with a fresh breast of milk, shallmilk a portion of it into a bag of corks, very soon there-after her milk will all dry away. Any person who wiUwear an eelskin around his body will never have a cramp.But there is the gut of the ourang-outang, if"worn aroundthe body, will cause a cramp as long as the person shallwear it. Persons might be killed in this way, and theywould be ignorant of the true cause. If one have a severecolic, and hold a hve duck to the belly, the colic will im-mediately remove, but the duck dies. If a chicken, orany other living thing, is thus held to the beUy, it pro-duces no visible effect, either one way or the other.The head of a hare being burned, will bring serpents

together; but a fume of peacock feathers being made,will disperse the serpents. If a piece of meat is thrownto the dogs, they will seize it with great avidity; but if aJasper stone be thrown out with the meat, the dogs willinstantly run away, with very great fright. Fenelon saysthat if we wear the clothing of the dead, that it doeswonderfully shorten our lives.

The Cure of Diseases by Magical, Celestial, andSympathetic Meaits.—Among a variety of examples, theloadstone is one nios' remarkable proof of the sympathywe speak of. However to hasten to the point. Amongstones, those which resemble the rays of the sun by theirgolden sparkling prevent the falling-sickness and poisons,if worn on the linger. The stone which is called oculisfoils,being in figure like the apple of the eye, from whichshines forth a ray, comforts the brain and strengthenssight. The carbuncle, which shines by night, has a vir-

tue against all airy and vaporous poisons. The chryso-lite stone, of a light green color, when held against the

WITCHCRAFT. 6S

sun, there shines in it a ray like a star of gold; this is sin-^larly good for the lungs, and cures asthmatical com-plaints; and if it be bored through, and the hollow filledwith the mane of an ass, and bound to the left ai-iu, it

chases away all foolish and idle imaginations and melan-choly fears, and drives away folly. The stone called iris,

which is hke crystal in color, being found with six corners,when held in the shade, and the sun suffered to shinethrough it, represents a natural rainbow in the air. Thestone heliotropium, green, like a jasper or emerald, besetwith red specks, makes the wearer constant, renowned,and famous, and conduces to long life; there is likewiseanother wonderful property in this stone, and that is,

that it so dazzles the eyes of men that it causes the bear-er to be invisible; but there must be applied to it the herbbearing the same name, viz., heliotropium, or the sun-flower; and these kind of vu-tues Albertus Magnus andWilliam of Paris mention in their writings, The jacinthalso possesses virtue from the sun against poisons, pesti-lences, and pestiferous vapors; likewise it renders thebearer pleasant and acceptable; conduces also to gainmoney; being simply held in the mouth, it wonderfullycheers the heart and strengthens tlie mind. Then thereis the pyrophi, of a red mixture, wliich Albertus Magnusreports that ^sculapius makes mention of in one of hisepistles to Octavious Caesar, saying: "There is a certainpoison, so intensely cold, which preserves the heart ofman' being taken out. from burning; so that if it be putinto the fire for any time, it is turned into a stone, wMchstone is called hyrophilus. It possesses a wonderful vir-

tue against poison, and it infallibly renders the wearerthereof renowned and dreadful co his enemies. ApoUo-nius is reported to have found a stone (which will attract

other stones, as the loadstone does iron) most powerful a-

gainst all poisons; it is spotted Uke the panther, and there-

for some naturalists have given this stone the name of

pantherur; Aaron calls it evanthum; and some, on accuntof its variety, call it pantochras. It is by such and simi-

lar methods the magicians, prophets, and seers of theMiddle Ages and biblical times, and many of the magi or

wise men of ancient ages, succeeded in curing numbersof diseases, without any medicine whatever; these menwere the true magicians, or ancient physicians, and of the

race of Hindoos, Israelites, Jews, Arabians, Chtnese, As-

syrians, Egyptians, Chaldeans, and many of our owatimes. They were usually named Signa Magna, to dlgr

tinguishthem from the jugglers and sleight-of-luind trick-

sters, who exhibited themselves for money, and wh.os©

m WITCHCBAFT.

performanoes of Legerdemain consisted of a blnsterfoavolubiiity of words, thus diverting the attention of thevaudiences while they, or their accomplices, of which theytraveled with one or more, made the necessary changesIn their paraphernalia to deceive the sense of vision, andapparently reverse the order of things. No uncommonpart of their programme was to obtain the loan of largesmns of money from the wealthy and moneyed classes,

thus getting a, knowledge of the fact of such a sum beingfin their possession, and afterward by fraud, violence, ordigital dexterity, securing it to themselves. The modernconjurer is, however, usually a gentleman of the highestprinciple, and always prefaces his exhibitions by the state-

ment, that by dexterity he proposes to deceive. Most offtie apparatus employed is double, or contains two paiUrtions, which by simple turning, the contents are appar-ently changed.

Allumina Changed to Silver—Late Process.—Putit into a crucible, first breaking it into small fragments,bring it to a white heat for five or six hours, until themetal will stand firm on a red-hot plate of iron; thensprinkle it with a mixture of vinegar and sal ammoniao(parts equal), when it is cold, put it again into the fur.nace, and keep at a white heat for three days and threenights, the last three or four horn's adding a little purelead to make it ductile; you now break it once more intosmall fragments and replace it in the furnace, adding toit little pLQs made of lime, saltpetre, and brimstone, an<Jby this means our mixture becomes incorporated into apretty good silver.

To Cause Letters, Papers, &o., to Disappear.—Vativoni, an old magician, of the time of Agrippa, says: ** Ifyou take uphorbium, bdelUum, giun armoniac, the rootsof both hellebores, the loadstone, and a Uttle sulphur,and incorporate them altogether with the blood of a hart,t*ie blood of an elephant, and the blood of a black cat,and sprinkle it near the papers to be removed, that it un-seals them and brings them to your presence, or Justwhere you desire.

To Strike Fear and Terror into the Heart of anEnemy.—Pythagoras says: *'That if a fiame be put intothe skull of a murderer, and the flame of your enemywritten therein, it will strike the person whose name £ai

80 written with fear and trembling, and he will speedilyseek your forgiveness and become a steadfast friend*

WITCHCRAFT. 55

By what means Maqicians and Necromancers callforth the souls of the dead.

It is manifest that the souls after death do as yet lovetheir bodies which they left, as those souls do whosebodies want due burial, or have left their bodies by vio-lent death, and yet wander about their carcasses in atroubled and moist spirit, beings as it were, allured bysomething that has an affinity with them, the means be-ing known, by which, in time past, they were joined totheir bodies, they be called forth and allured by th*^ likevapors, liquors and certain artificial lights, songs, sounds,&c., which move the imaginative and spiritual harmonyof the soul, and sacred invocations, &c.Necromancy has its name because it works on the

bodies of the dead, and gives answers by apparitions ofthe dead, and subterran^ jus spirits, alluring them intothe carcasses -^f ^he cead by -^h^rms ahd infernal invoca-tions, and by d a^^^'' sacrifices and wicked oblations.There are two kinds of necromancy; raising the car-

cases, which is net done without blood; the other inwhi..h the calling up of the shadow only suffices. To con-clude, it works all its experiments by the carcasses of theslain, and their bones and members, and what is fromthem.

The Magic Crystal is a ball of pure virgin glass,

somewhat in the shape of an egg; the method of using it,

is to hold it in the palm of the right hand, retain it therefrom eleven to twelve o'clock at night, in a dark room,all the time concentrating your thoughts upon the object

you desire to see; about twelve o'clock, the crystal be-

comes quite hot—now look steadily into it, and pi'ture

of scenes that appear are transpiring with friends far

distant; in fact, it is asserted that the movements of anyone can be known, whether husband, wife, loveror friend.

THE CORRECT ACCOUNTOP the

SALEM WITCHES,MASSACHUSETTS, U. S.

We now commence some detail of the witch persecution

trom 1645 to the 3d charter, 1692, there stood upon the

statute book the old Cottonian law of 1645, against witeb-

<H

06 SAI.EM WITCHCRAFT.

craft, a false recognition, by the highest authority of thedevil's power to appear in the colony; nay, by strangeconstruction it was made an act of conjuration, a sum-mons to come forth, and which he was w^ll pleased toobey. Within one year after the statute recognition ofwitchcraft, in the jurisdiction, a case occurred. It was inSpringfield upon the Connecticut river, and in the familyof the Rev. Mr. Moxam. Two of bis childi*en betookthemselves to extreme oddities in speech and behavior,and it was readily supposed they were bewitched, butthere was no proof to fix the sorcery upon any one, until

three or four years afterwards, when an old woman of

settled witch reputation, upon close examination was saidto have confessed her guilt, and h re the matter rested.

The case of Mrs. Margaret Jones of Cha-i stown was fataLShe was reputed a witch of such extraoi«ain ry malignity,that her touch would produce blindness, siokn-^ss at thestomach and violent^pains, and in 1648 sae was tried andexecuted. In disgust and distress, h^r husband went onboard a vessel to leave the country, and then the vesselbegan to rock as if it would upset, and so continued fortwelve hours. Upon this the enemies of Jones procureda warrant of arrest from the Governor and assistants, then,sitting at Boston; and when he was imprisoned, the ves-sel became quiet. There were on board this vessel at thetune as she lay in Charles River, eighty horses, shippedfor Barbadoes, and this was the witchcraft that rockedthe vessel; and as we hear no more of Jones, no doubtthe assistants saw the error and released him. In 1652,

the year that old Massasoit and the Rev. John Cottondied there was another case at Springfield. Hugh Parsons"was indicted for witchcraft. The jury found him guilty;but the magistrates w^ho tried the cause would not agreeto it and under a law of 1651, it was carried to the generalcourt, where the man was discharged.

< The next, was the case of the widow Hibbins, whomGov. Endicot and the assistants hung for witchcraft May27, 1656. Her husband was a rich Boston merchant, andan assistant when the law against witchcraft was passed,and thus he quaUfied his enemies in the devil's name, toput a halter about his wife's neck. Shew^s a haughtydame and was not, they thought, sufli^iently humbled byher husband's great loss of property in later life, and shecame under church discipline and censure. But this onlyInflamed her hot temper, and a witch prosecution couldalone reduce her to reason. |At her trial it was proved,that having once seen two persons in the street talking,she said she knew it was about herj and unhappily- she

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 67

gaessed right. This turned the case against her, and shethus lost her lifej At her trial they searched her body forthe deviPs marFas they did the Quaker maidens, MaryFisher and her friends in less than two months after; butnone were found. Before execution Mrs. Hibbons madeher will, and therein begged her friends to respect herbody, and give it a Christian burial. But the wholecolony rang with her story. It was exceedingly alarmingto the rulers that Satan should presume so high as an a»sistant's widow, and for more than thirty years therewere no witch executions here, although there were manysupposed cases of the offence.In 1662 witchcraft passed over to Connecticut. In

Hartford at that time, there was imprisoned as a witch,a Mrs. Greensmith and the peculiar art that was used toentrap and convict her deserves our notice. In the sameplace there Uved a girl whom they called Ann Cole, andmuch admired for her beauty and ingenuity, line under-stood the Dutch and French languages, rare attainmentsthen, but which of themselves would hardly excite suspi-

cion to her prejudice, even in the realm of blue laws. Butjghe possessed in addition to these, the power of ventrilo-quism in a high degree^and all combined, came very nearto her own undoing; indeed they quite undid old Mrs,Greensmith. Ann Cole at first only amused herself withthe Uttle ones of her own family, and when she practicedthe deceptive art in the Dutch language, the unearthlyjargon seeming to came from no visible object, it afford*

ed her great amusement to see the terrified urchins gatherround the very cause of their alarm for protection. Suc-cess tempted her on, and she began to amuse herself withher neighbors. When they came in and were seated per-

haps the chair would seem to compliment them with*' how do you do ?" and if they started up in surprise,

"pray keep your seat," would follow in a low coaxingtone; and then the house cat seated in Ann's lap wouldsing melodiously. But although the facetious maideanever suffered these pastimes to pass without explanation,

yet some doubted, and eyed her with jealousy and circu-

lated strange stories, and before she had thought of con-

sequences, rumor had declared her a sort of Magdalene,and that her demons talked to each other, in a strange

variety of languages. These reports excited the attention

of two clergymen of the place and they obtained Miss

Ann's consent to approach her so near when a conference

of her spirits took place, as to hear and write down theparticulars; and herein commenced the only veritable

witchcraft of the case; for Ann Cole's ventnloquism as

08 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

the ustening ministers, feigned the supposed demons toconverse with Mrs. Greensmith as one in league wi^them to do mischief, a foul slander in either case, andwhich cost the poor woman her life. Th^- clergyman thenrepaired to prison, they said the accused was much,agitated upon learning the discovery they had made,and by sharp interrogatories was made to coiifess herfamiliarity with the devil. She had not signed his book,or made a covenant with him, but at the then comingChristmas, she was to be ready for a high frolic and thenall was to have been finished. Strange hymenials for awoman of seventy-five and the mother of ten sons anddaughters and abundance of grandchildren; and it doesnot even appear that she was a widow. However thepoor woman was hung without scruple, or space for re-

pentance, and without apparent pity for her iuture state;

or whether in her execution they were doing the devil agood or ill service.

In October 1671 a demon, it was said entered into Elizarbeth Knapp, an unmarried girl of Groton, and he causedher alternately to weep and laugh, and then in great agi-tation to caU out money, money, like a modem paperbanker.—On the 17th of December following, this demonbegan again to speak in the young v»'oman and to utterhorrid railings against the minister of the town, but with*out harm to his character, as the people would not be-lieve him. He next made Elizabeth accuse the minister'swife as the cause of all her woes; but in this also ha ob-tained no credit; for the pious woman, after prayers withher accuser made her confess the slander; and the devUhad to shift his quarters, for he can never do his businessunless he can maintain some reputation. In 1679 a de-mon probably the same infested a house in Newbury.Sticks and stones were thrown at the family, by an invisi.ble hand: and a staff which hung against the wall, beganto swing of its. own accord; and then leaped down anddanced on the hearth, and when they seized it to bum,it could hardly be held on the fire.—So a dish, when theowner of the house was writing, leaped into the pall andthrew water on his work. At length the terrified familycried to God for help; and then the demons were heardto say mournfully that they had no more power, andsoon departed.In 1683 one Desborough of Hartford was possessed of a

chest of clothes, claimed by his neighbor, but which hewould not give up. Soon after manj^ stones, and corncobs, were thrown at him by an invisible hand. Theyoauie in at the doors of the house, and through the win-

cx>tM«

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 09

<low8 and sometimes even down the chimney. At lengthfires were set on his lands which did him much damage.Whereupon he gave up the clothes and liia vexationsceased.So about the same time, a Quaker at PortsTnouth, with-

held from an old woman of his town, a lot of land whichske claimed as her own; and stones soon began to bethrown at his house by an invisible hand. "When theywere picked up, it was said they were found hot, andsmelt of brimstone, bv which it was readily known fromwhence they came, tjpon this the subdued and terrifiedQuaker settled with the woinan and bis troubles ceased.Both these cases are recorded as examples of witchcraft.Yet to us they seem to be those where claimants of prop-erty, seek other remedies than courts of law. But amongthese examples there in recorded one tale of horror. Itappears that at Hartford, and about the thiie of AnnCole's case, one Mary J ohnson a young girl in her minor-ity, was indicted and tried by the supreme court for fa-miliarity with the devil! The jury retiirned her guilty;and that mainly upon ner alleged confessions. I wiiltranscribe a portion of Cotton Mather's iiistory of thiscase. "The girl said that ber first familiarity with thedevil began in her discontent, and by her often sayingthe devil take this and that, and sometimes wishing thedevil would do tiiis or that for her, until at last the devildid appear and tendered her what services might bestcontent her. Then if her master blamed her for not car-rying out the ashes, the devil would come and clear thehearth for her. So when she was sent to drive the hogsout of the com field, the aevii would so chase and frightenthem as to make her laugh most merrily. She furtherconfessed that she had murdered a child and committednncleanness with both men and devils;" and it was foran illicit intercourse with tne latter, that the Connecticutgovenor hung this ycnng woman.After her sentence the Rev. Mr. Stone of Hartford,

visited her in prison and as he verily thought was suc-cessful in turning her heart towards the true Cod. Sothat when led out to execution she expressed a humblehope in the mercies of redemption; and died much to thesatisfaction of those gather3d rouiid the gallows. In this

black transaction who doe^ not Bee the full success ofsome vile seducer of female virtiae, in an apparent legal-

ized destruction of his victim. Yet it is called a case of

lamentable witchcraft. So it -was with those who slewthe innocent. In 1685 or 6 a book was published at Bos-ton with the appii;>batioii c/ the ministers and magls*

80 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

trates. It recited the cases I nave named with manyothers and contained various arguments to fortify theircredulity. The Rev. Cotton Mather of Boston, a man ofgreat influence in church and state was the author;though he at the time v\dthheld his name. He was thena young minister of about five and twenty, the son ofMr. Increase Mather then president of Cambridge col-

/ege,—a position then of greater civil and church powertlian any other in the land; he was also the grandson ofthe great John Cotton. Mather's opinions and turn oftliought were in harmony with those who then ruled inMassachusetts, and we thus consider him.This book produced the notorious witch case of the

Godwins, of which he also published an account com-mencing thus. "Haecipse miserima vidi." John G-od-win was a Boston merchant, a character of the first re-spectability, and he sat under the teachings of Mathermmself. A poor Irish woman called G-lover, with herdaughter lived near him. The young Glover often served£n Godwin's family, and on a certain time being accusedby his eldest daughter of some little theft, she cast backa denial and abuse for the accusation. The mother cameup also and defended her child, and her passion and wildIrish accent, so terified the ilr.tle Godwin tnat she wasthrown into hystericks, and they were kept up from dayto day. Her case excited great commiseration in theneighborhood and the physicians who were called in, be-ing puzzled, pronounced it a "preternatural visitation;'*

a very significant phrase, by wnich all understood thatthe little maid was bewitcned. Next her little sister, andtwo brothers seeing what was going on, had fits also andwere afficted by the invisibles. They declared theywere pinched and pricked by some one whom they knewnot, and then at times they would seem deaf, dumb andblind; and sometimes their mouths would be forced wideopen and then suddenly brought together with greatviolence, to the great hazard of their tongues.Stoughton and Dudley, both first charter rulers, were

BOW also supreme judges, lately commissioned by Sir Ed-mund; and these at the solicitation of Mather and others,

ventured to arraign and to try Mistress Glover for witchpractices on the Godwin family. But she was a strangerto the language and too ignorant to understand legal

Eroceedings, and when asked to plead to her indictment,er answer was unintelligible. The court then swore an

interpreter, and he soon confessed himself puzzled declar-

ing that he believed some other witch, or the devil him-self had confounded her language, lest she should teU

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 61

tales. Then they searched Glover's house and some raj?babies were found stuffed with goats hair. We mustknow that the woman was a Catholic and sold toys.When one of these images or puppets was brought into

court, the witch swiftly and oddly started up and seizedit, and immediately one of the children had a sad iBt be-fore the court and assembly. The judges noted the fact,and repeated the experiment and with the same result, asit was said, the children saw not when Glover laid herhand on the baby images. In the end the court was sat-isfied that she used these dolls mysteriously in her workof torment. She owned also that there was one who washer prince, but did not say whether he were the pope orthe devil. It was suggested that she might be crazed;but a jury of doctors returned, that she was compos men-tis. She was finally sentenced to death and executed inBoston; yet the afflicted children did not recover but ra-ther grew worse, or they improved by practice, for theywould now bark at each other like dogs and then thej'would purr like cats. They would pretend to be in a redhot oven, and pant and sweat accordingly; and then thatthey were cast into cold water and appeared very chilly.

Sometimes the devil would bring Miss Godwin a horse,and then she had all the graceful motions of an equestri-an. One day she rode up stairs into the minister's study,where upon she cried out as if surprised, " they are gone.God won't let them come here;" and she was at oncecured, and sat reading the Bible a^nd other good booksfor a long time. But when she left the study the demonsretui'ned, with her horse, and she frolicked as before.

—

This experiment of the charmed study, was tried beforemany visitors and with the like success. Mather's exper-iments further satisfied him that Miss Godwin's demonsunderstood Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, but none of theIndian languages.This tragedy also began in a minister's family. The

Rev. Sanmel Parris, was educated at Cambridge. Hefirst engaged in trade, but being unsuccessful he turnedto the ministry and was settled at Salem village. At thetime nov/ in ^dew, bjs parish was m a high quarrel of

which his arts to obtain the fee instead of ttfe^ Mpi^ove-ment for life only of the parsonage farm, was the cause.

And whilst thus warm with mutual malevolence, pastor

and flock, the current notions of witchcraft suddenly-

placed in their power the means of mutual revenge ; andthey were at once fully delivered over to the effects of

their own excited wrath. A very mutual but terrible

punishment. It was a horrid policy in the charter gov-

62 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

eminent to ever use the devil to overawe the people. Aboundless power of evil, which a cliild, as well as a min-ister, or a charter ruler, could set in motion ; and thenwhoever could might lay him. In the latter part of Feb-ruary, 1692, two children in the Parris family, both aboutten years old, Elizabeth his daughter, and Abagail Wil-liams his niece, began to behave in a strange manner

;

they would creep under chairs, sit in uncommon atti-

tudes and utter language which none could understand

;

and as they were pitied and indulged; their freaks in-

creased until it was thought they were very like theGodwins, and must be bewitched ; and the physicianswhen called in confirmed the opinion. Mr. Parris onlyincreased their malady by holding a day of Solemnprayer at his house*\^dth the neighboring miiysters.

But he had in his family two slaves, John and Titubahis wife. The squaw was from New Spain, and once asubject of the old Montezumian empire, and probablywas imbued with some of its gloomy and unfathomablesuperstitions. Her thoughts too seemed as busy as hermaster's, and she told liim that although no witch her-self, she once served a mistress who was, and whotaught her how to find them out ; and she would tryupon the children without hurting them. Pa ris greed-ily took with her scheme, and he saw her while she tookrye meal and kneaded a cake, which she salted in apeculiar manner, and which she said, when baked ingreen cabbage leaves in the embers and eaten by thetwo girls, would make them see their tormentors ; andshe continued the experiment. But although both sheand her master affected to act and talk myteriously, yettile children as they crept about shrewdly under thechairs, eyed the cookery wih a very jealous mterest, andwhen they became conscious that the unsavory morselwas for their mouths they grew restive; for no necro-mancy could satisfy them that Tituba's briny bread wafclike gingerbread, or anything good, and they began toshow a rational opposition. But Tituba said they musteat, and Mr. Parris began to use authority. *'I'll smellon't," said httle Elizabeth, " now won't that do ? say yes,say yes, good Titty." But she shook her head. Blessme, said the father, how natural they seem ; and aboutthe same time the slave pulled the rank cake from theembers, and as the hot scent filled the room, Abagailcried out, there ! there ! I see them, I see them as plain asday, and so do I, said little Elizabeth. O how many ! andthere's old Titt, too, she torments us, old Titt torment*us, said they both.

\SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 63

It was now all over with the Mexican. In vain shefrowned and coaxed by turns ; or denied that the girlsoould see witch spectres by the smell of her cake only.She discredited her own magic, and which they wouldsustain for self-defense, and the more she labored thus,the more they professed to be tormented, until Parrishimself took their part and threatened Tituba with pun-ishment unless she confessed and disclosed her con-federate witches. And John, too, her husband, when hesaw her in distress meanly deserted her. He told masterParris that the girls no doubt spoke the truth ; that shehad for a long tune tormented him, and was an old handat it. But discouraged and deserted as she was, hermaster's whip alone, as she afterwards affirmed, broughther to he, and to confess that the devil engaged her tosign his book, and to afflict the children. Arid thus wasacquired the spectral vision by the afflicted so much usedand BO fatally for the peace of the country, as we shallbereafter see. Tituba was imprisoned and so continued,until sold to pay her prison fees I And Mr. Parris fastedand prayed at his house a whole day. His family nowexcited a general sympathy and consideration, whichothers were willing to share. Their persecutions, Satanbeing the author, were somewhat honorable, and AnnPutnam, an older girl of the neighborhood, instigated byher mother no doubt, pretended to be afflicted also.

Thus fortified, they now complained of Sarah Good and aMrs. Osborn. It was supposed that the equivocal char-acter of these caused the accusation ; and it was themore readily credited. They were committed by twoSalem magistrates the first week in March. Of OsbornW(B hear no more ; but Mrs. Good was finally executed.

It is almost incredible, and yet it is sober history, thata little daughter of Sarah Good, five years old only, wasaccused by the afflicted of tormenting them ; and theyshowed what they pretended were the prints of thechild's little teeth on their arms ! The salem magistratescommitted this mere infant for witchcraft, but as we hearno more of her, die was probably hberated without fur-

ther harm.About this time there was a great fast at Salem, and

another proclauned by the government throughout thecolony, "that the Lord would effectually rebuke Satanand save his people." And the afflicted accusers multi-

plied daily, and there was added to the number AnnPutnam's moth-er, goodwives, Pope, Bibber and Goodall,

maidens, Mary Walcott and Mary LcAvis ; also, Tituba'^

hufiband John ; he turning accuser to save himself from

<^ i\

64 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

being accused. About the same time a society was forDQ<"

ed in Salem for the detection of witches, and these pro-cured the accusation and commitment of many. Thisformidable band of accusers now cried out against twoaged females who were church members, by the namesof Corey and Nurse. Mrs. Nurse belonged to the churchin Salem imder the Rev. Mr. Noyes, and Mrs. Corey wasof Mr. Parris' flock. This was a dark business. It wassupposed Parris instigated the accusation. For whenmade he gave it publicity and strength ; and on the fol-

lowing Lord's day he preached in his pulpit from thistext :

" Have I not chosen twelve, and one of you is adevil."

A Mrs. Cloyes, sister to Nurse, was at the meeting,and during the furious and uncharitable sermon whichfollowed her distress for her sister's life, which it muchendangered, constrained her to leave the meeting. Ahigh wind closed the door suddenly after her. and it wassaid that she showed temper ; and on the following Mon-day an accusation for witchcraft by the Parris family,and those under its control, went after her, upon whichshe was carried before Hathorn and Currier for examina-tion. This charge, we know, must have been both mali-cious and false, as it was sustained by perjury.A further loiowledge of the temper and insolence of

those, in whose power the lives and liberties of the citi-

zens were now placed, may be gathered from this inci-

dent. On the 9th of March a Mr. Lawson, minister ofScituate, preached for Mr. Parris, it being the Sabbathday, and the bewitched band were present. After thepsalm had been sung,yA.bagail Williams called out to himto stand up and nam^ his text, and when he did so, shesaid it was very long indeed. In the discourse, he ex-plained some point of doctrine at considerable length,when Mrs. Pope said loudly, "now take up some otherpoint, the people have had enough of that." In his im-provement he made reference to doctrines which he saidhe had established. "Pray," said Abagail again, "whatdoctrines do you mean?" And then Ann Putnam sud-denly cried out, there ! there ! I see a httle yellow birdsitting on the minister's cocked up hat; there where it

hangs on the peg in the pulpit. This vras spectral visionnobody else saw it and it seemed to be considered thatthe devil thus scoffed and jeered the congregation throughthe mouths of the afllicted.

The six commitments nowmade of the females—Tituba,Osbom, Good, Corey, Nurse, and Sarah Good's little

daughter, were upon the assumed authority of the two

/

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 65

Salem magistrates alone, instigated by Parris. On the11th of April, Banforth the Deputy Governor, with thecouncil came down from Boston and sat formally withHathorn and Curwin in the place of power.—The Gover-^nor Bradstreet the old patentee, who hung the Quakers,was now almost ninety; and ill qualified for the new ser-vice. Many of the neighboring ministers were also pres-ent. This terrible witch inquisition gave a sanction tothe delusive and malicious prosecutions, and sealed thedoom of many innocent victims, The inquisitors, the ac-cused and a clo-ud of spectators, met in a large meetinghouse, Mr. Samuel Parris being employed as clerk, andassuming also a leading part in the production and exam-ination of witnesses. The Rev. Mr. Noyes of Salem, anenthuiast in witch hunting opened the business withprayer. After which one of the accused begged that shemight go to prayer also; but Danforth told her, they hadcome there to examine into her witchcrafts, and not tohear her pray I and she gave it up. Mr. Parris then be-gan business by calling up as a witness Tituba's husbandJohn. That cunning treacherous slave knew well how toplease his master and save his own neck: and living in theParris family he knew also the views and wishes of thosewho now controlled the witch accusations.

Question.—John; who hurt you? A.—Goody Proctorfirst, and then Goody Oloyes. Q.—What did she do toyou ? A.—She (who ?) brought the book to me, and chok-ed me. Q.—John, tell the truth now, who hurts you;have you been hurt ? A.—The first I saw was a gentle-

woman.—(This was no doubt, a dark hint at Mrs. MaryEnglish, the wife of oneof the firstmerchants in Salem, andwho was afterwards arrested and committed.) This wasthe woman, who, when the constables were at the doorto seize and carry her to prison, called her little onesround her, gave them her parting blessing and advice,

prayed with them, and wept over .them, as she supposedfor the last time, and then gave herself up quietly to her

fate. Q.—John, who did you see next? A.—Goody Cloy-

es. Q.—How often did she torment you ? A.—A goodmany times. Q.—Do the women come to you mostly in

the daytime or in the night? A.—They come most in

the daythne. Q.—John, do you know Cioyes and Proc-

tor ? A.—Yes, there is Goody Cioyes. Upon this Mrs.

Cioyes looked sharply at hhn and said;—tell me when did

I ever come to, or hurt thee ? John. —(a little aoashed,)

O, a great many times. O, said Cioyes you are a grievous

liar I Upon tliis Parris grew warm. Now, John, said he

tell us what did this Cioyes do to you? A.—She did

/

96 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

pinch me and bite me till the blood came. She came andhurt me yesterday at meeting.This was the woman whose only crime was leaving Mr.

P.'s sermon. The malice of the master, the perjury ofthe slave, and the despotism of Danforth and his assist-

ants were too hard for ner. John too, seems to have hadthe spectral vision in a high degree, though he nevereven smelt of his wife's cake. He learnt it, no doubt, ofthe little girls her pupils, as did Ann Putnam and others.Parris then called Mary Walcot, and asked who hurt her.A.—Goody Cloyes. Q.—What did she do ? A.—She hurtme. Q —Did she bring the book ? A—Yes. Q.—Whatwere you to do with It ? A.—Sign it, and be weiL Thenshe fell into a fit, in affected horror at the devil's book.AbagaU Williams, who so successfully outwitted Titubain the matter of the salted cake, was next called by heruncle Parris. Abagail, said he, did you, by your spec-tral vision, once see a company near this meeting houseeat and drink ? A.—Yes sir;—it was their witch sacra-ment. It was on the day of the great fast. They hadbre.ad like raw flesh; and they had red drink, which theysaid was our blood; and they had it twice that day. Q.

—

How many were there? A.—About forty; they cametogether by the sound of a trumpet. They had a minis-ter who preached, and Goody Oloyes and Goody Goodwer^ their deacons.Mrs. Cloyes was of rather delicate health, and when

she heard this strange tissue of falsehood, so great washer surprise and terror, that she sickened and asked forWater, but as no one would assist her, she fainted and fell

upon the floor. Upon which Abagail cried out^ there,there, I see her spirit fly to her sister Nurse in prison forcouncil; and she was believed; and as soon as the woman,revived, she was forthwith imprisoned.

Parris then asked Mary Walcot if she had ever seen ajfYnte man. And she answered yes ; often. Q.—Whatiort of man is he ? A.—A fine, grave man, and when hecomes he makes all the witches tremble, and he tells uswhen our fits will come on and when they will go off.

This was supposed to be Jesus Christ come down topity and to talk with bewitched children and save thecharter churches, A horrid blasphemous fiction, but yetcredited by the government of the colony before whomit was uttered. The justices then proceeded and said,

Elizabeth Proctor, you understand, that you are here5harged with sundry acts of witchcraft, what say you to£t ? I take God in heaven to be my witness, that I know00 more of witchcraft than a child unborn. This woman

/

/

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. mwas of excellent character, the mother of a fine familyof children, all then dependent on her for nm-tm*e andprotection. It is very difficult to account for her selec-tion and accusation as a witch. Some accident, or thatshe was obnoxious to the Parris or Putnam family, whofabricated all the early accusations, must have been thecause. But when her unhappy husband saw his wiferudely seized like a felon in her*once peaceful home, heresolved to accompany her to the examination ; and hisconjugal fidelity cost him his hfe.Her examination began thus : Question.—Mary Walcot

doth this woman hurt you?—Answer.—I never saw herto be hurt by her. Q.—Mary Lewis, does she hurt you ?

No answer. Q.—Ann Putnam, does she hurt you ? Shecould not speaii ; and Abagail Williams thrust her handinto her own mouth lest she should speak. A pause, andalmost a failure. John, said Mr. Parris, who hurts you ?

This is the woman, said the Indian, who came inher shift to me and choked me. And now the girls wereready to say she hurt them, and brought the devil'sbook for them to sign, and the crafty Abagail, withaffected simplicity and sincerity, said to Mrs. Proctor,did not you tell me that your maid had signed ? Dearchild, said Mrs. Proctor, it is not so ; remember, dearchild, that then; is another judgment. Then Abagailand Ann seemed to have fits ; by and by they cried out,look you, there is Proctor on the beam ; and her hus-band, too ; Proctor is a wizard I Proctor is a wizard I

The man was confounded. There, said Ann, Proctor is

going to take up Mrs. Pope's feet ; and her feet flew up

;

and now, said Abagail, he is going to Goody Bibber; andBibber fell into a fit I The Deputy Governor and Coun-cil seemed surprised, and said to Proctor, you see the devil•will deceive you, the poor children could see what youwere about before the women were hurt. *' Repent, forthe devil is bringing you out."The Hon. Coui't then suffered some experiments to be

tried on Mrs. Proctor. It was affirmed that the affiicted

eould not strike a witch ; and Ann Putnam approachedand attempted to strike Mrs. P. on the head with herfist, but as the blow descended her fist opened, and herfingers' ends but lightly tapped the woman's hood, andthen Ann cried out with consummate art, they bmn

!

they bum 1—her fingers burned, and she foU upon thefloor apparently overcome with pain. All wer^ strongly

moved by this incident, so wonderful and yet srv sudden.

Some fancied they saw a blue flame play around Mrs.

Proctor, and others were quite sure they smelt brimstonOi

88 SAIRM SVITCHCRAJPT.

The Oonrt then STirldenlj' turned the expenments nixmProctor liiTiibeif. nud ordered him forthwith to repeat trie

Lord's Prayer, without slip or hesitation, to show hiy in-

nocence. It was a hard case in his present dismay, buthe made the efl'ort ; and he did very well until he cameto the petition "deliver us from all evil ;" and this wasadjudged to be a perversion of the Lord's Praj'-er ; for tobe delivered from all evil w'as to be delivered from thatunder which he then suffered, and of course opposingthe Divine decrees. But to be fair with him they puthim upon the prayer again, but he had no betterluck than at first. For when he came to "hallowed beThy name," he said hollowed be Thy name." Here theyagain stopped hun and held that this was a depraving ofthe words. To make the name of the Deity hollow, saidthoy, is to make it vain, light and void, and is blas-phemy and cursing, rather than a prayer. In fine it wasdecided that they could not <say it, and that he was aguilty man.And thus the unfortunate Proctor, although he came

before the magistrates a free and innocent citizen to con*sole and sustain his afTiicted and terrified wife, by »strange fatality was sent from their presence a prisonercharged with a capital offence, upon the exhibition ofthe foolery and malice I have named ; and what is equallyetrange, his wife in the end by a mere accident wa%saved, but poor Proctor they hung.

Oft the 19th of April, only eight days after, the impos-ing witch inquisition before Judge Danforth and thecouncil, Hathorn and Curwin called up for examinationGiles Corey, the husband of Martha Corey, already com-mitted. And thus the wTong done to the wife was soonvisited upon the husband in wanton passion merely, andwithout shadow of truth or justice.

They thus began with him : Giles Corey, you are nowbrought before authority upon high suspicion of witch-craft, now tell us the truth of the matter. I hope, saidGiles, ^vith the blessing of God I shall, for I never hadany hand m that matter ia my life. Pcirris, who was still

clerk and chief manager, now said to the afflicted giris,

which of you have seen this man hurt you ? I, said Aba-gail Williams ; I, said Ann Putnam ; I, I, I, said thewhole band but one. Hasn't he hurt you, too, said Par-ris coaxingiy to Elizabeth Hubbard, but she attemptingto ansv/er seemed to be taken with a fit. Have- younever seen him hurt you, said the same to BenjaminGould. I have often seen Giles Corey and been hurtafter it, but cannot say he did it. All the girls also said

V

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. eft

that he brought the devil's book for them to subscribe.The justices then said, Corey, you hearwhat these testify •

why do you hurt them ? I never did hurt them. Thenit is your spectre that hurts them, tell us what you havedone ? I have done nothing to them. Have you neversaid Parris, entered into a compact with the devil ? No, tnever did. (But he had then recently joined himself tothe village church under Mr. Parris.) What temptationshave you had ? I never had any. But what frightenedyou in the cow-house, Giles Corey, said the court, tell usthat ? Nothing, nothing. Why, here are three witnesses,who have heard you to-day say, that you was frightenedin the cow-housd, 1 do not remember it.

Note by Mr. Parris— '*There was evidence by severalthat Corey said, he would make away with himself andcharge his death upon his son I" And Goody Bibber alsotestified that he called her husband, a damned devilishrogue ; and other vile expressions were sworn to in opencourt.The residue of Giles Corey's fate was most hideous.

From the date of this fraudulent, perjured and senselessinquest, he lay helpless and almost forgotten in prisonfor five months. There he was found on the 9th of thefollowing September, and mth many others broughtbefore the court of trials. But the jury seemed entirelyunder the court, and as, of course, returned all guiltywho put themselves on trial. Corey noticed this, andwhen his turn came he refused to plead, saying it wasuseless, and that they might do as they pleased withhim. But the court seemed resolved to signalize his ob-stinacy, in terror to all others, and ^ave judgment againstMm of pem force et dure for standmg mute, by virtue of

which he was taken to prison, placed on liis back, withhis arms and legs extended and fastened in that position.

Heavy weights were placed upon him, and to be alloweda quantity of poor bread and the nearest standing waterthat could be found fco the prison door, and thus to re-

main until he died. His Sii^erings wei*e horrible, and onthe 17th of the month he was evidently ia death's ago-

nies, his eyes seemed bursting and his tongue swollen

greatly out of his mouth. The marsBall, the agent of

the people's government, stood over him, and withoutcompassion, thrust back the dying man's tongue with

the point of his staff I And this is the only instance of

that horrible judgment, and its execution in our Massa-

chusetts history,.i, i,^M 1

In the meantime Martha Corey, the wife of Giles, lay-

bound ia the same prison osder sentence, and with

10 SALEM WITCHORAST.

eleven days only fo prepare for death ; this is Mr. PSani^account of the mission.

"We found her (Mrs.. Corey) very obdurate, justifying

ourselves and condemning aU who had done anything toher just discovery and comiemnatron. Whereupon, after

a httle discourse, for her imperiousness would not suffer

much, and after prayer ! wiiich she was willing to de.

cline, the dreadful sentence of excoririnuDlca-tion was pro-nounced against her." By which excommunicationthe woman was in form consigned to the devil's use for-

ever. How could the Rev. gentleman pray to Grod for ablessing on such a work in her prison ; and what moresecular tyranny ever invented such exquisite cruelty

towards a hapless female. It first compassed her death,and then by clerical necromancy sought to destroy hersoul 1 But her courage arose above the necromancy.She was sustained. She made no terms with her de-

stroyers, or with falseness or meanness. Even on thegallows ladder she had strength to still proclaim herinnocence in solemn prayer to Grod, and the gallows ropeswung her into eternity as acceptable to Him, as if shehad died in the bosom of her village church.

So wonderfully had witch accusations now multiplied,

that Hathom and Curwin held regular sittings ; and thebewitched band of the Parris and Putnam family andothers associated with them, were sure to find them sub-jects. For the convenience of the accusers these ses-

sions were holden at Salem village, which had now be-come a point of great public observation and terror.

Thus on the 22d of April, they committed for furtherproceedings William Hobbs and his mfe, Mary Esty andSara Wild, all of Topsfield; also, Edward Bishop andhis vdfe, and Philip English and his wife, of Salem. Andall these were taken on the complaint of Thomas Put-nam, who thus hunted and secured the victims for his

wife and daughter Ann with the Parris family to de-

stroy.We know the charges of witchcraft against these per-

sons were fictitious and foul ; and ofttimes hidden causei^

led to their selection from the mass of the citizens.

The first accusation of the Salem girls out of their owncounty was that of Mrs. Gary of Charlestown. This, nodoubt, like most others, emanated from the neighborhoodof the woman, the afflicted In Essex being used as mereinstruments to destroy her. It was a startling move<ment. as the public recalled at once the fatal case of Mar-garet Jones and the vessel rocked by horses. The ac-

count of Mr. Gary, her husband, remains to this day, and

SALEM WlTCHCRAFl*. 71

tbifelbg an eye-witness his record is very interesting". Aboutfche 20th of May, the rumor reached him that his Tiifehad been named as a witch, at Salem village, and by theadvice of his friends he resolved to go down and presenther, a stranger to the afflicted, anl see if they would re-cognize her. It was a dangerous experiment and cost himdear.On the 14th he arrived at the inn, as Hathorn and Cur-

wln, with a great crowd, were entering the meeting-house for their daily work, and he and his wife took aconvenient stand where they might note all that passed.A minister opened the business with prayer, and he sawt±iat the afflicted then present were two girls of about tenor eleven years, and three others who appeared to beabout eighteen. One of the younger girls could discernmost spectres, and talked most (this was the shrewd Aba-^ail Williams no doubt). When a prisoner was broughtm, he or she was placed at some distance from the justices,

with the eyes fixed directly on them, and the officers heldeach hand lest they should pinch the afflicted. The girls

were placed between the prisonerand the magistrates, andif at any time the accused looked on them they were sureto be struck down in fits, or they screamed out they werehurt. Sometimes when they came out of their fits andEfcared round in peoples' faces, the court would say theywere struck dumb, and were then to go and touch theprisoner at the bar, to be restored to speech. This theywould attempt with well dissembled hesitation, butwouldusually fall down in a fit. They would then be taken upand carried to the prisoner, that he might lay hands onthem, and when this was done the justices would saythat they were well, though Gary observed, that he couldsee no alteration, though he plainly saw that the jus-

tices understood the matter, and the girls were well dis-

ciplined.Whilst all this was passing, Gary and his wife stood in

sight of the afflicted, unnoticed, except a person came in

the crowd and asked her name, and it would seem that

quite imguardly she gave it. Soon after the examinationbroke up and Gary and his wife began to hope that their

experiment was successful. They then repaired to the

tavern, where they found the Indian John. They gavehim some cider and he showed them his witch scars, but

to Gary they seemed to be of long standing, and weremore probably the work of his former Spanish master.

John was supposed to have been stolen and brought

away by the bucaniers, who then infested the Americancoast. Shortly the bewitched gu-ls came in and began

n SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

^eir fits and to tumble about the floor, and the ooii^panylooked on in amazement and terror, no one knowing whomight be cried out upon. As soon as thev spoke theycried out Gary 1 Gary I and almost immediately, as if pre-pared, a warrant of arrest came from the justices thensitting in the house ready to try her. Her accusers weretwo girls, of whom she declared to the court, she had notthe least knowledge before that day. She, too, now hadto stand with her hands outstretched, like the others inthe meeting house. Her husband begged that he mighthold one of her hands, but it was denied him. And soMrs. Gary stood condenmed, her husband, at her request,wiped the sweat from her face and the tears from hereyes. As the examination proceeded and the girls testi-

fied as usual, she became faint and begged that she mightlean on her husband, but Hathorn replied sharply, thatso long as she had strength to torment those before them,she had strength enough to stand. John now came inand fell upon the floor also, and pretended to have adumb fit. The justices then asked the girls who afflicted

him. They replied that it was she (the prisoner), andthat they could see that she now lay heavily uponhim, though to all other eyes she was standing up andher hands held out. Upon this Garv, in his distress, said,

that Grod would take vengeance on them for such con-duct. But this seemed to prejudice the justices, for with-out more words her mittimus was written. No bail

could be taken, and she was sent to Boston prison,

from thence she was removed to Gampton prison, wherethey put irons upon her of about eight pounds weight.And although her distress brought a severe sickness yetthe irons were not taken off.

"When the final trials came on at Salem, Gary wentdown, but when he saw the children's spectre evidenceadmitted together with absurd and malicious stories

against peoples' lives, he became satisfied that there wasbut little chance for his wife's life, and especially as all

his efforts and those of his friends could not procure hera trial in Middlesex County. There was now only oneremedy, and he embraced it. With some secret assist-

ance he rescued her from prison and fled to Rhode Island,

the common refuge of those persecuted in Massachusetts.But they were pursued, and he passed on to New York.Here Gov. Fletcher received them kindly, and shelteredthem until the danger was passed.A few days after this John Alden was brought before

the Salem justices, upon accusation of witchcraft. Hewas a man of great consideration in the colony, being

[SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 18

employed by the government to supply the fortress onthe coast with warlike stores and provisions. His ownaccount of the transaction has been perpetuated in theform of a deposition.He states that he was arrested in Boston and sent

down to Salem village, and when all were in presence ofthe magistrates, the girls were asked who of all the peo-ple in the room afflicted them ; and one of them pointedto another man then present by the name of Hill, but shespake nothing. This girl had a man standing behindher to hold her up when necessary ; and Alden saw himstoop down and place his mouth to her ear, and she criedout Alden 1 Alden ! that it was Alden who afflicted her.Hathorn then asked her if she had ever seen Alden, andshe said no, but the man near her said it was he. Afl-were then ordered into the street and a ring was formed,the children and the justices in the centre ; his accusethen cried out, pointing to him, "there stands John Al-den, a bold fellow, with his hat on before the judges ^ hesells powder and shot to the French Indians."They bid Alden to look at the bewitched, and w'len

he did they seemed to be struck down. He then as/s^ed

the court why they themselves were not struck d-vwnalso by his eyes. But no reason was given.Alden spoke of God's providence in suffering such crea-

tures to accuse innocent persons, but the Rev. Mr. Noyes,minister of Salem, answered him, that God's providyncegoverned the Avorld in peace, and with a long discourseprevented his fui-ther difficult questions. Alden was thencommitted to the prison in Boston, where he lay jvepthree months, and when the final trials came on he sawhow many were executed, he also made his escape andsaved his life.

Deliverance Hobbs of Hopsfield, having been cried out•ipon and imprisoned, seems to have framed her confei-

ion in the terms of the accusation. She said she had,indeed, signed the devil's book after many threatea-ings and great torment from him and his emissaries

;

and that so soon as she had done it, he used her spectre

to afflict persons. That Avhilst her spectre was sq ero^

ployed on a certain time, one of the bewitched maidscried out, there stands Deliverance Hobbs, strike her ?

Upon which the marshal, a man of courage, standngby, made a pass at the spot pointed out, with his rapier,

and the girl said there 1 you have given her a small prick

about the eye, and Delivera-nce showed the wound to the

justices, who seemed highly gratified to have the majd's

outcry so well authenticated, and to learn that a wound

74 SAIiEM WITCHCRAFT.

given to the spectre of a witch, would reach the oil^g^Qisfl,

although at home and about her business.

After this, says Calef, it was quite common fo - theaffiicted to tell of the black man, or a spectre being onthe table before the magistrates ; and then the by-stand-ers would strike at the places with their sticks andswords. Justice Curwin once broke his cane at this ex-ercise.

This penitent ecLso confessed that she was at the greatwitch sacrament at Salem vUlage. That George Bur-roughs was there, that he called all the witches togetherby the sound of a trumpet ; that he preached to themand urged them to pull down Christ's kingdom andbuild up that of Satan in its stead, and that Salem villageshould be destroyed, beginning at Mr. Parris' house.Among her confederates, JJeliverance accused old Candy,a negress, and who was thereupon brought before Jus-tice Hathom. Candy said, he, you are a witch? Ans.Candy witch I—no, no—Candy no witch in her country—Candy's mother no witch ; Candy no witch Barbadoes—^this country—mistress Hawks give Candy witch—(in-

deed !) yes, this country mistress give Candy witch.Well, Candy, said Hathorn, with unusual mildness,

how do j^ou hurt these young folks, show us the poppetsyou do it with. Candy. Candy was quite happy, andasked to go out of the room, and said she would showalL When she returned she held in her hand two rags,with knots tied in them. At sigiit of these DeliveranceHobbs, who had now joined the afflicted band, went intoa strong fit ; and the other girls declared they could nowglainly see Goody Hawks, Candy and the devil, stand-ig together pinching the poppets, and then they (the

afflicted) were soreljr pinched, though no one actuallytouched them, but it was done in spectre. The Courttoien directed Candy to untie the knots, and when shedid so, Deliverance came out of her fit, and all were welLA bit of rag was then put in the fire, and the girls criedOut that they burned dreadfully. To quench it theydipped it in some water, and Deliverance started like adeer for the river, but was caught by a swift youth be-fore she plunged in.

The cunning Candy exulted in the efficacy of hercharms, and ail beholders thought her mistress had prac-tised upon her ignorance, and Goody Hawks had to cont-

less to save her life.

About this thne commeced the Andover tragedy; whereas Cotton Mather says, was discovered the most horridcrew of witches that ever disgi*aeed a^ow England town/

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 75

The wife of Joseph Ballard of Andover fell sick, and thetown doctor finding her disease too stubborn for his art,advised her husband that siie was bewitched. This prac-tice was too couiiiion auioug the early Massachusettsphysicians. The hint took v/ith Ballard; and he forth-with sent men and horses to Salem village, and to thehouse of Mr. Parris, and brought to Andover old Tituba'spupils Abagail Williams and Mary Walcot. When thesecame into the sick woman's room, they said thev couldwell enough see witch spectres hovering round her bedand person, but not being acquainted with any Andoverpeople, they could not nrane the originals. Describethem says the husband; and they did so in language suf-ficiently vague to embrace half the women in the town;—and still fancy or malignity might select at pleasure; andfancy or maUgnity did select at pleasure and that mostfatally, as the event will show.Dudley Bradstreet, son of the old patentee, was then

the acting magistrate in Andover, and he granted a war-rant against a number of women on this occasion andheld the examination in the meeting house. After pray-ers by the Rev. Mr. Barnard, minister of the town, thewomen were brought in, and Abagail and Mary fell downin fits at the sight, as in time past at Salem; and whenthe prisoners laid hands on them^ they rose up and saidthey were welL All the old experiments were tried withthe old success; and Bradstreet committed a number ofhis towns-women to Salem prison, to answer there, andAbagail and Marjr retm-ned home with increased credit.

Yet GoodyBallard died soon after of a fever; and DudleyBradstreet repented of tlie step he had taken. Some ofthese in their weakness were made to confess the wildestwitch pranks on record, and to implicate others as asso-

ciates, by which more than forty Andover women wereensnared by witch prosecutions and some lost their lives.

Here follow some of the recorded confessions of theseAndover witches, long after drawn up, with death's ter-

rors before them. Ann Foster was one of these. Shehad been brought to acknowledge, in Salem prison, thatahe was a witch, and had attended a great witch sacrar

qient at Salem village ; that sherode thither on a pole^

behind Martha Carrier, high through the air ; that ontheir way the pole broke, and that she holding fast byMartha, came to the ground and was sorely bruised bythe fall, but they mounted again and went on. Beingasked what they eat, she said they carried their breadand cheese in their pockets, and ate it before the meet-iog began, sitting undor a large tree^ mth tha Aodover

W 6MiEM WITCHCRAFT.

company, and they drank water from a brook near by.On the 21st of July, Hathorn, Curwin, Gidney and Hig-

ffuison, assistants, sat upon her confession in public, andthey began thus : Goody Foster, you know we havegpoken with you before

;you have committed great wick-

edness, but it seems that God will give you more favorthan others, since you relent, but you did not tell us all

;

your daughter has confessed that she sat with you andGoody Carrier when you did ride upon the pole ? F.—

I

did not know. How long has your daughter been awitch ? F.—I have no knowledge of it—I cannot telL

Did you see her at the witch meeting? F.—No. Butyou said she was there, and that you stood off and didnot partake •, gve us a full account ? F.—I know nonewho were there but Goody Carrier. Were there not twocompanies in the field? F.—I know no more. HereMary Warren, one of the afflicted, interposed a new he,and said that Carrier's spectre told her, that Foster hadmade her daughter a witch I and the court then said toF., will you now confess you did so, about three yearsago ? F.—I know no more about my daughter being awitch, than upon what day I shall die. Are you willmgthat she should make a free confession ? F.—Yes. Wiflyou confess ? F.—Yes ; if I knew anything more I wouldspeak. The magistrate now directed to have GoodyLacy, the daughter, called in, and as she entered she be-gan. O, mother, how do you do ? O, mother, we havefeft Christ and the devil hath got hold of us ; O, howshall I get rid of this evil one ! I pray God to break myrocky heart that I may get the victory this time. Thiswitchcraft of the daughter was a surprise upon GoodyFoster, she came to the confession prepared to accuseherself and Goody Carrier, but the danger of her childdistressed and confounded her. and when urged tospeak she answered incoherently. I did not see the devil,

I was praying to the Lord. To what Lord, said the court.F.—To God. To what God do witches pray ? F.—I can-not tell. The Lord help me! and she sat down over-gowered, as the justice concluded guilty of witchcraft, but

1 truth with her own fictions. Lacy.—They weresome of the higher powers; they were— Goody Lacy,gaid the court, let your daughter come in; we will ex-amine her a little, and when Mary Lacy the younger, andgranddaughter of Foster entered, she stood before themagistrates with downcast looks, an interesting girl offiei^enteen; yet at sight of herMary Warren fell down in aviolent fit. Whereupon Hathorn said to Mary sternly,wl^y dare you come here, aiid /bring the devil with you,

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 77

to aflaict these poor creatures; now look upon thesemaids in a mild and friendly way, said he, and then sheturned upon the afflicted a look so kind and gentle thatthe bystanders smiled in sympathy, and yet the bd>witched band were struck down,—pity, thought the be-holders, that eyes so mild and blue should bear thedevil's spite in them.And now said Hathom, do you confess yourself a witch,—she hung her head—tears flowed down and she sobbed

out,—ve-s, sir.

Well maiden, said the justice, you are accused of tor-menting Goody Ballard, how do you do it? I don't know.How long have you been a witch? Not above a week.Have you ever seen the devil? Yes sir. Did he bid youworship him? Yes sir. And to afflict people? Yes sir.

I see, said Major Gidney, one of the magistrates, that yoaare in a fair way to obtain mercy. Do you desire to besaved by Christ? Yes sir, I do. Then said he, you musttell all you know,—The Lord help me so to do, said Marjr.

I was in bed when the devil came to me; in bed I saidthe Major—the devil came to your bed ! how did he look?Like a great black dog. O, very well, you may go on,—what did he say ? He bade me, said Mary, obey him andthat I should want for nothing, and he promised hewould not betray me, but he's an old liar. How long agowas this, said Hathom. About a year. Richard Carriernow comes often a'night.s, and has me to afflict people.

—

He's a rogue, cried the Major, and is making a very baduse of you ! but where do you go ? To Goody Ballard'ssometimes, and my mother and grandmother and RichardCarrier and his mother go there to.

Did you attend the great meeting at Salem village?

Yes. Who went with yoa? My mother, and grand-mother and Goody Carrier rode upon a long pole throughthe ah-; and I rode behind Ptichard Carrier upon anotherpole ! Did you see any mea at the meeting ? None butthe devil. How did he appear?—Like a black man witha high crowned hat on.—Bat did you see no other man ?

Your mother and grandmothei- say they saw a minister

there. I believe I did see a minister. Was not Mr. Bur-roughs there? Yes he was. Thus was siie made, byleading questions to accuse an absent and innocent min-ister of the gospel. These confessions in the end pro-

duced a sentence of death against Goody Foster and the

elder Mary Lacy ; but they were reprieved by Sir WilliamPhipps and finally pardoned.Mary Osgood, was one of the Andover witches accused

by Abagail Williams of afiflictiiig Groody Ballard, and

78 &ALEM. WITCHCRAFT.

aftier long imprisonment she wag induced to give hereonfession in the form of a deposition; and she stated* that about eleven years before as she one day walkedin an orchard near her house in great distress of mind,she attempted to pray ; at this moment what seemed acat crossed her path, and by its strange movements sofixed her attention that she ceased to pray. Soon astrange influence came over her and she prayed againand as she presumed to the devil for presently a blackman appeared, and offered her a large book to sign ; shewrote her name in it and where her finger touched thepaper, it left a red spot. The apparrition told her thatahe was his, and that he was her God, and that she mustworship him I and she believed she consented so to do.Nine ye^rs after, the same personage appeared and

earried her with others, upon a pole tlirough the air toFive-mile-pond, and there making her renounce her for-

mer baptism, baptized her, amen, since which she ai-

flicted people, and frolicked with the devil upon Sabbathdays, and other holy festivals.

Hathorn, before whom this was also taken, alwaysready to hunt witches, no sooner heard that Mrs. Osgoodand the devil had company upon the pole ; than he askedher who they were. She rephed they were Goody Tyler,Mistress Baker, and Dea. Fry's wife. These were thenarrested, and constrained to make further witch fictionsto save their hves. And thus was the business driven on.There were sceptics even at this season of the delusion,who denied the vaUdity of spectral evidence. It appears,said they, that the devil can use the spectre of one personto afflict another; why may he not take the spectre of aninnocent person in that business, and then as things noware, every man's life is at the mercy of the devil ; for be-tween him and the afflicted he is sure to suffer. Hathornon this occasion asked Mrs. Osgood whether the devil, orhis witches could use the shape of an innocent person toafflict people.—She replied that it could not be; for saidt^e, last Monday night we witches had a meeting to af-

flict people, and Goody Dean and myself tried to carrythe shape of the Rev. Mr. Dean of Ajidover between usto make it believed that he afflicted persons; but wecould not. And why could you not do it, said the justiceBecause, said Mrs. O., the Lord would not suffer so gooda man, to be so used 1 This answer saved the worthyminister, who had often been hinted at by the bewitched.He was not a sound convert to witchcraft.

But on the 14th of May 16y2, 8ir William PMpps ar-

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 79

rived with the Provincial Cliarter, and immediately tookupon himself the government.On the second day of June five magistrates sat, and

selected for trial Bridget Bishop, the wife of EdwardBishop of Salem. This poor woman had for many yearsbeen reputed a witch; and this by the accusations of oneSamuel Gray, and although on his death-bed he confessedhis sorrow for the wrong he had done her, yet the impu-tation still rested upon her, and now enabled the afflicted,with their managers, to destroy her. And above all, asan excrescence supposed to be a witch teat was found onher body. To give currency and popularity to her exe-cution a story was fabricated, and most industriouslycirculated by the witchcraft party, that as Bishop wagled out to execution under a strong guard, she gave alook at the then newly erected meeting house in Salem,so blasting and spiteful, that an invisible demon forth-with entered in and tore down a portion of the holy edi-fice. And this is from Cotton Mather's account of theSalem witch trials, drawn up for inspection, and by therequest of Sir William, himself. The commissioners thenadjourned to the 30th of June folloiving.

Aside from the manifest fallacy of her supposed crime,and the illegahty of Sir William's commission to trywitches, the woman had violated no existing law,statute or common. On the eighth of June, and two orthree days after her trial and condemnation, the generalcourt of the province was convened, and their only actwas to revive the whole colonial code laws including theold Cottonian laws against witchcraft ; and this upon theground that the authority of these laws, ceased with thefirst charter. The law then upon which Mrs. Bishop wastried was a dead letter ; it was revived, and in two daysaiter she was hung. A strange and startling mistake bymen who had charge of the lives and fortunes of thepeople. So difficult is the ai-t of just government.No wonder then that Sir William, five days after* this

witch execution, asked council of the leading ministers ofthe colony in form. And the response drawn up byCotton Mather is as follows : "The afflicted state of ourpoor neighbors, now sulTering by molestations from theinvisible world, we apprehend, is^so deplorable that wethink their condition calls for the utmost help of all per-

sons in their several capacities. Yet we acknowledgewith thankfulness the success, which the merciful Godhas given to the sedulous endeavors of our honorablerulers, to defeat the abominable witchcrafts which havebeen committed in the country. We judge that in the

60 SALEM WITCHCRAPT.

prosecution of these, and all such witchcrafts, there is

need of exquisite caution, lest too much credulity fortLdngs, resting only on the devil's authority, should enablehim to get an advantage over us ; for we should not beignorant of his defaces. All things should be managedwith exceeding tenderness towards those complained of,

especially if they be persons heretofore of unblemishedreputation. Nor is the circumstance of the accused beingrepresented by spectre to the afflicted a sufficient groundfor conviction ; for it is an undoubted thing, that a de-mon may, by God's permisssion, appeaT for ill purposesin the shape of an innocent, yea and a virtuous man.""We know not, however, but some remarkable affronts

given to devils, by our disbeheving their testimonies,lay not put a period to the progress of the dreadful

calamity now among us in the accusation of so many per-sons for witchcraft."But lastly say the ministers to Sir "William: "We can-

not but humbly recommend unto the government thespeedy and vigorous prosecutions of such as have ren-dered themselves obnoxious to the laws of Grod and thewholesome statutes of the English nation in the detectionof witchcraft." Tliis docuQient was dated Boston, June16th, 1693, and signed by the principal ministers of theprovince, and unfortunately for the country the govern-ment seemed to heed only the last clause of the device, aswill be seen hereafter.A quormn of Sir William's commissioners again sat at

Salem on the 30th of Jane, for the trial of witches; Lieut.Gov. Ston^hton, and Messrs. Wintln-op, Sewall, andGidney being present, and on that day they commencedthe trial of Susanna Martin of Amesbury.She was a woman of uncommon ingenuity and enter-

prise; and was now a widow, with the care of a consider-able estate, and a large family thrown upon her. She,like Bishop, had long been reputed a witch, and an un-successful attempt had once been made to convict her.Mather in his account of her case, drawn up by order ofthe government, declares, " that she was one of the mostImpudent, scurrilous, wicked creatures in the world," andthe court treated her with great severity. But she re-

pelled all false charges with invincible spirit ; as will beseen by the following dialogue which took place at herprimary examination, and which was now detailed inevidence against her.

Justice.—Pray Goody Martin, what ails these youngpeople? Martin.—I don't know. J.—But what do youthink ails them ? M.—I do not desire to think upon tho

^^'

^[SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 81

subject. J.—Do you not think they are bewitched ? M.—No, I do not think they are. J.—Tell us your thoughtsabout them then. M.—My thoughts are my own whenthey are in; but when they are out they are another's—their master I J.—Their master ! Who do you think istheir master ? M.—If they be dealing in witchcraft, Sir,you may know as well as I. J.—AVell, mistress Martin,what have you done towards these girls? M.—I havedone nothing at all. J.—Why it is either you or yourspectre. M.—I cannot help what my spectre does. J.—It is either you or your master. How comes it that yourspectre should hurt these people? M.—How do I knowhow it comes ? Samuel was a glorified saint; but he thatappeared to Saul, in Samuel's shape may now appear inany one's shape. A very pertinent reply and puzzled thejustice. Martin was indicted for witchcraft and sorceriesupon the body of Mary Walcott on the second day ofMay, 1692, and also for divers other acts of witchcraftbefore and after that time, without specification of tuneor place. John Allen testified, that the widow Martinonce requested him to cart some staves for her, but herefused because his cattle were weak and poor; at whichshe was displeased a^nd said he would be sorry for it; andbefore he could reach home liis oxen tired and fell down.This was supposed to be by witchcraft, though Allen saidthe oxen were too v/eak to di*aw staves. After this heturned them upon Salisbury beach to fatten, but theybecame so wild that no one could approach them, andwhen it was attempted to drive them home they ranfuriously into the sea and were drowned. Another wit-ness purchased a cow of Martin's son; she opposed thebargain, and soon the animal became furious aud unman-ageable. And these were considered cases of witch-craft.

Bernard Peach testified, that once being in bed on aSaboath night, the widow Martin came into his roomthrough the window, and seizing him, drew up his bodyinto a heap and she then lay upon him about two hours,

but at last after a severe "struggle he got two of herfingers between his teeth and bit them until she cried outwith the pain and vanished. At another tune when shewas after him he struck her or her spectre with his quar-ter-staff and it was reported that she was wounded onthe head. So it was sworn that she once travelled fromAmesbury to Newbury on a rainy day without wettingeven the soles of her feet, and boasted that she scornedto be drabbed. It was concluded in. court that the devii

helped her on.

82 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

But the most wonderful story told on this occasion wafi

that of Joseph Ring ; the man seems to have been a goodfiddler, whom the old charter witches and demons se-

lected for their peculiar use and amusement. He testified

that for two years past he had been strangely carried

about through the air to witch revels and dances ; thatfor a long time they had kept him dumb, but since theybegan to be prosecuted he had in a measure recoveredhis speech. His knowledge of them and their power overhim, began thus

:

As he sat in his house one day, a stranger of suspi-

cious mien applied to him lo give music to a companyof dancers on a certain evening ; aud whilst the timidand distrustful fiddler hesitated, the proffer of a lar^ ^

sum of money by the stranger, and which he too readilyaccepted, induced liim to make the desired promise andimmediately the man vanished so suddenly that Ring wasexceedingly startled and repented of what he had done

;

but it was too late. At the appointed hour he found ahorse, well caparisoned, standing at his door ; he tookthe hint, but no soor.er had he mounted into the saddle,than the animal leaped into the air and pushed forwardwith a velocity which deprived Mm of adl consciousnessof time or distance and almost of existence itself. Henext found himself in front of a splendid building, withlights from every part streaming out upon night's dark-ness, but from whence issued no sound of mirth or fes-tivity. Presently Goodman Ring was introduced into aspacious hall, he screwed up his fiddle, began to play,and then the dancing began in good earnest. At once apreternatural influence came over him, and he wasamazed at the power of his own instrument, whichseemed to fill that ample hall to its very roof, and toinspire dancing which he now plainly saw was super-human. It was here that he saw the widow Martin, theprisoner at the bar, swinging and dancing among therevellers, like a nimble maiden of eighteen ; and he waswilling to swear to her identity.When the dancing ceased, the personage who first

engagtid him came with a book for him to sign, and anink horn containing something like blood. But thefiddler refused his name, and casting his eyes downwardhe saw that cloven foot which had been the terror of aUNew England for half a century, and in his distress hecalled upon God for help. At once a horrid hystericlaugh burst upon his ears, and then suddenly all wasdarkness, and he found himself in the crotch of a greatpine tree, cold and comfortless, in a lonely plain, and the

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 88

stars of midnight winldng down upon him. He descendedas well as he could, wandered about in the woods untilmorning light, and then found his way home; but hecould never again find that pine tree that made the witchpalace.From that time forth the witches and demons had

power over him and used him as they pleased. AndMather says " that whenever he was brought unto theirhellish meetings, and showed any disobedience one of thefirst thing they did unto him was, to give him a knock onthe back, whereupon he was ever as if bound with chains,incapable of stirring out of the place till they should re-

lease him.After this strange testimony was in, the court asked

Martin what she had to say for herself. She replied thatshe had always led a virtuous and holy life, that she knewnothing of the crime whereof she was accused, and sheProtested against the proceedings and the evidence againster. Yet the jury soon returned a verdict of guilty, and

the court pronounced sentence of death. On the follow-ing day Elizabeth Howe was tried. The evidence againsther was very similar to that against Martin. She was ofIpswich, and first became noted as a witch by an abortiveattempt to join the church in that place, which led to aninvestigation of her character, and brought out her witch-crafts. Tills woman it was thought had a burning witchbridle, which tortured any horse that wore it to efforts

beyond its strength ; it would also turn to a horse anyman or beast on whom it was placed. Isaac Camminsswore that he had a very spirited mare, which he be-lieved Howe used freely in her witch frolics. The maregrew sick and weak without apparent cause, and uponexamination she seemed bruised and lamed as if rapidlyridden over rocks and rough places, and the marks of theburning witch bridle were visible upon her ; nay, she wasfound so sulphurions that, the owner passing near herone night in the stable with his lantern, she took fire, andemittted a blue brimstone blaze, fine as a knitting needle,

and which singed her own hair and endangered the barn.The beast died soon after in strange spasms. It furtherappeared by the confessing witches that Groody Howewas one of those who had been baptized by the devil atNewbury Falls, and before which baptism he made themall kneel down by the rivers brink and worship him.Elizabeth Howe was indicted for witchcraft upon Mary

Walcott and Mary Lewis ; the jury returned her guilty

and the court sentenced her to death.

U SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

At this eame session were also tried Sarah Gk>od,Rebecca Nurse and Sarah Wilde, and found guilty.On the 19th of July these five were executed. At the

gallows Noyes urged Sarah Grood to confess, and told hershe was a witch and she knew it ; to which she replied

:

*' Sir, you are a har ; I am no more a witch than you area wizard, and if you take my life God will give j'ou bloodto drink."StoQghton and his associates were now the terror and

scourge of the country. On the fifth of August they satat Salem. Six unresisting and helpless females they hadalready hung without law or crime ; and whose terror-stricken kindred dare not raise even a murmur of discon-tent. Indeed so subdued appeared the public mind, thatthey now adventured upon the trial of the Rev. GeorgeBurroughs, the only gospel teacher ever hung for witch-craft in this or any other Christian country. He hadformerly been the settled minister of Salem village, andnow an avowed infidel in the current notions of witch-craft. The Rev. Mr. Lawson, also once a teacher in thesame place, was more pliant, and wrote a book flattering

to the afiaicted and their managers; had Burrows fol-

lowed his example he might have escaped hanging.Warily indeed did the prosecutors cast their entangle-

ments about this devoted man. We first see a fictitious

witch sacrament, with appropriate deacons;—next aclergyman, black-haired, short and thick set, with thedevil to administer. All knew that this aimed at Bur-roughs. Then eight confessing witches affirmed that so

great was his fidelity and zeal, that he was to be a kingm Satan's kingdom about to be established in Massachur

setts. They nmltipUed his indictments to four; for af-

flicting those four bloody impostors, Mary Walcott,

Elizabeth Hobart, Mary Lewis and Ann Putnam. Andhe stood before a prejudiced court and jury without hopeof justice, or even of compassion.The afflicted began their evidence with fits and out-

cries. They said Burroughs bit them, and showed whatthey alleged were the prints of his teeth on their flesh;

and Ann Putnam said that even now his spectre presented

her the devil's book, boasting that he was above the

ordinaiy rank of witches. Again they were cast into

convulsions and could not proceed. Stoughton askedBurroughs, who he thought hindered those witnesses

from testifying. He replied, perhaps it was the devil.•' How comes the devil," said his Honor, *' so loth to haveany testimony borne against you ?" A foul response, butin keeping with his general conduct.

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 86

One of the aflflicted declared that she was once in qtrance, and that Burroughs carried her into a very highmountain and showed her all the kingdoms of the earth,and said that he would give her all these, if she wouldwrite her name in his book. She did not bid him getbehind her, but told him that the kingdoms were not histo give, and refused to sign. This was a girl of elevenyears, how could she distinguish between a trance and adream ? Yet her story went as evidence into the case.Burrougs had been twice married, and it was reported

that he had ill-treated his wives. But he asked the courtvery pertinently how this could go to sustain an indict-ment for afflicting Mary Walcott and for which he wasthen on trial. But the witnesses were not checked, andthey testijBed that they had seen the apparition of twowomen, who said they were Burrough's wives; and thathe had caused their deaths; and that the Judges must betold ofi it; and that they did not know (strange languagefor ghosts) but they should appear in court at the trialPresently Abagail Williams cried out in great apparenthorror that the ghosts of those two wives had just nowcome in and were standing before Burrougs and cryingfor vengeance upon him. Yet Burroughs declared hesaw them not, nor were the sound of their voices heardby the court or jury. At this the prisoner was said to bemuch appalled. No doubt he was so, at the depravity olthe witnesses and then* evidence.But the girls went yet further, and affirmed that the

spectre of Burroughs had often threatened to kill them,as he had many others who refused to obey him; and henamed among his murdered victims Mrs. Lawson andher daughter Ann. The story was credited, as they pre-sumed he might well entertain hatred towards the virtu-

ous wife and daughter of a man like Deodat Lawson, his|)redecessor at Salem village. And it was now called tomind, says Mather, that the peculiar circumstances oftheir deaths, excited suspicion of witchcraft; yet no onethen suspected from whence it came.

It was further testified that Burroughs, notwithstand-ing his holy orders, hated prayer and the ordinances ofreligion. His zeal only burned in the devil's cause. Theconfessing witches also attributed their seduction to liis

wiles; he led them on to witch meetings, or to sorceries,

by the promise of fine clothes and other unhallowedpleasures; he brought the poppets, or rag babies to themfor afflicting people, and taught them where to stick thepins the most effectually; he even exhorted them to be-

witch all Salem village, but with caution to prevent dis-

86 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

covery; and now, they affirmed, for their penitence andconfessions. Burroughs and the devils tortured themcontinually.After Burroughs was hung, these confessors recanted,

and confessed again the utter falsehood of all they hadsaid respecting him. But they could not quicken thedead, or heal the wounds of bereaved friends, nor soften

the hearts of such men as Stoughton, Mather, Parris, andthe like.

The evidence was then turned to show that Burroughswas endowed with preternatural strength. He had beenknown to hold out in one hand, by the breech, a gun of

seven feet barrel as if it had been a pocket pistol, andthen to reverse it, and sticking his forefinger in themuzzle, to hold it out at arm's length that way. So hewould carry a full barrel of cider or molasses withoutstaggering. But he offered to show that whatever hedid in this way was to try his strength with an Indianwho did the like, and even more than he could. Buttheywho gave the testimony, says Mather, saw no Indianand it was at once concluded it must have been the devil,

as Ann Putnam said he often appeared like an Indian

!

How did this testimony refute Burroughs ? Did thewitnesses see the devil in the shape of an Indian at thetime ? One Ruck, a brother-in-law to Burroughs testified

to his preternatural walking. On a certain occasion aa party in his company went to a distant field to gatherstrawberries. When they returned, a thunder showerwas advancing, and all but the prisoner rode upon horsesand at a quick pace

;yet he suddenly slipped out of sight,

and to their astonishment was at the house, with hisbasket of strawberries, before them. But he offeredto show that another man was with him and walked asfast as he did, but Stoughton and his associates con-cluded that this pretended companion must have beenthe devil also and would not hear the e\ddence.After this manner was the unfortunate man over-

whelmed with false and absurd testimony, and the pre-judice of those who held his life at will; and it wassneeringly said that he used many twistings and evasionsto get off, but without effect ; for the jury without hesi-tation returned a verdict of guilty, and the court pro-nounced his death sentence.At his execution Mather and other ministers took care

to be present. Burroughs, with the rest, was cartedthrough the streets of Salem on his way to the gallows.Being on the ladder and the rope about his neck, ineol^on and decided tones he proclaimed his innocence

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 87

before the raultitude. He then made his dying prayerwith a deliberation and fervency that won the admirationof all [present, and drew tears from many eyes. In con-clusion he pronounced the Lord's prayer without hesi-tancy, and the "amen" served the hangman for hisdeath signal, and he was swung off. After it was over astrong murmur of discontent ran through the crowd, apopular uproar was feared, and a rescue of the otherprisoners; but Mather, as he sat on his horse in themidst, addressed the people to dissuade them from vio-lence. Burroughs, he said, should not be regarded as aminister after his league with the devil ; and both xiis

prayers and address, howeve earnest, were still decep-tive, for the devil himself, he continued, when he will,can assume the guise of an angel of 'light.

At the same time, and to assist Mather, a story was cir-culated in the assembly that the bewitched girls couldplainly see the black man standing near Burroughs,and assisting him in this his last effort. After this theexecutions went on in peace. At this session also wastried and condemned old Martha Carrier. She was re-garded as one of the most decided and active witches inthe country. This was the woman, of whom it was re-peatedly testified, that the devil had promised her thatshe should be Queen of Hell ; an elevation to which herenemies readily awarded her a title. Her true characterwas untiring industry, ceaseless vigilance and extra-ordinary exactitude in the discharge of all duties, and soshe never sought excuses for remissness or neglect shewould grant none to others, and as a majority of theworld are ever on the other side, she first became theterror and then the hatred of her delinquent neighbors.In spite to her family, it was said that she ruled herhusband, and that Goodman Carrier would never stick toany bargain of goods or chattels, lands or tenement, un-sanctioned by her. Her children too she kept in strangeobedience to her will ; but her's was a well-ordered anda thrifty household. Yet they called her a witch until

the foul stain became deep and fixed.

Mather declares that when the poor tortm-ed witnesseswere brought forward against her in court every oneexpected their death on the very spot. Her malignantlook would strike them down, and then her touch, hereyes being averted, would raise them up; and when theycould speak, and testified that her shape had twisted

their necke =imost round; she said that they were mis-

erable wretches and no matter if their necki had beenquite twifited ofC

» tgt-t - 1- -' «<» '' • <ft'^if^

88 teALEM WITCHCRAFT.

She was indicted for afflicting Mary Wa?cott and Eliza-beth Hubbard; and to make sure of her they terrifiedand tortured two of her own sons into confession, bytying them neck and heels together, until they said shewas a witch, and had also given them over to the devil,and they particularized the time and place.So old Goody Foster, and her daughter and grand-

daughter, the two Lacys, were brought up again to re-new the old story of the witch sacrament, and riding ona pole; a recital of which wonderful adventure deeplyinterested Stoughton and his associates. Even in opencourt during the trial Susanna Shelden's hands weretied so inexplicably with a wheel band, which they wereobliged to cut, like the Gordian knot.Most of the testimony on her trial, was similar to that

given in against Bishop, How, and Martin; being of va-rious injuries to the cattle and health of the people ofAndover. But to every accusation she opposed a decideddenial; threats could not weaken her, nor promises se-duce her resolution to abide by the truth. Invitations torepent, confess and be saved and which others acceptedso readily, she treated with contempt; her conscience wastoo sensitive for such falsehood and her courage remainedunshaken through all the terrors of a pubhc prosecution,trial and execution.And who will deny to Martha Carrier's name a place

among those of recorded martyrs for the love of truth.The boldness and even ultraism of the Andover witcher

in covenanting with the devil, and renouncing infantbaptism, and receiving an adult baptism at his hands byplunging in rivers and ponds, (a liit by the standingorder at the Anabaptists,) and in riding on poles withhim, startled and terrified the country. Some of thesepractices were peculiar to that company, and broughtout by spectral discoveries of Abagail Williams and otherpupils of old Tituba. Under tliis excitement the GeneralCourt met at Boston in October, 1695, and then passed alaw of death against those who should feed, consult, em-ploy or covenant with no evil or wicked spirit.

John Proctor and his wife, with John Willard, werealso tried at the August session of the commissioners.Willard had for some time been used by the prosecu-

tors as a witch hunter, and to bring in the victims forexamination ; a most odious and unpopular office. Butthe many cases of individual and family distress anddespair, which he daily witnessed in this employment, atlast so excited his compassion, that he refused to act.Immediately upon which, and to punish signally the sup-

89 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

gosed affront and rebellion, he was cried out upon aseing himself in league and covenant with the devil, and

well knowing his danger he at once turned and flednorthwardly into the wUderness towards Canada. Butswift runners were sent on foot in the same directionwho soon came up with him. And it was given out byhis enemies, that the bewitched ^iiis at Salem were con-scious of the exact moment of his arrest, though manymiles distant ; and that one of them cried out in opencoiu-t, "now Willard is taken !" which proved to be cor-rect. He was brought back, and hung in terror to all

offenders against the then dominant bloody influences.Proctor and his wife were those whose primary exam-

ination of the 11th of April has been already detailed.Some of the same magistrates who then advised theircommitment, now sat on their final trial, and they foundno favor. Both were returned guilty by the jury andboth received sentence of death from the commissioners,and with only ten days space to prepare for eternity.Goody Proctor turned out to be in delicate health and

circumstances, and her execution was deferred until tnefui'y of persecution was past, and she was saved.But for Proctor himself, althoiagh he became ensnared

by his conjugal fidelity, there was no commiseration orhope ; and as death nearly approached, he showed morefear than any of his suffering companions. Indeed, inall these terrors it was notorious that females sufferedwith the most patience and fortitude.His letter to five of the principal clergymen in and

about Boston shows their supposed iniEluence with thegovernment, and in the witch prosecutions.

It was written in prison a Uttle before his trial, and is

addressed Messrs. Mather, Allen, Moody, Willard andBailey.Up to his last moments, Proctor begged hard for his

life, or for only a little space to prepare, or for repent-ance, often saying he was not fit to die ; but aU to nopurpose.After he v/ent up the ladder he begged Mr. Noyes, his

own pastor, to pray with him ; but he refused, becauseProctor would not confess himself guilty of witchcraft,

and thus give the strongest possible sanction to thebloody measures then in progress. As he was at last

forcibly pushed off, begging for his life and protesting

that he was an innocent man.On the 9th and 17th of September the witch commifr-

Bioners sat and sentenced to death fifteen more ; and onthe 22nd of the same mpnth, eighth of these, viz. : Martha

90 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

Carey already mentioned, Mary Easty, of Topfield, AliooParker and Ann Pudater of Salem, Margaret Scott ofRawley, Mary Parker and Samuel Wardwell of Andover,and William Reed of Marblehead, were hung ; and as thecart with these ascended witch hill to the place of execu-tion, it proceeded with difficulty, and at last came to astand ; whereupon the afflicted declared that the devilhimself blocked the wheels. Why should he hinder aAvitch execution? It was doctrine then, that at theirdeath, he had the immediate possession of their souls.

It was on this occasion that the Rev. Mr. Noyes, tum-ing to the eight bodies hanging on the tree, said aloud tothe by-standers, "how sad it is to see those eight fire

brands of hell, hanging there !"

Wardwell was one of those who had confessed himselfguilty of witchcraft ; but afterwards denied his confes-sion. When he was on trial his former confession, andthe spectre evidence of the afflicted, were given in againsthim, and this was all the evidence.

Calef says that at his execution, whilst addressing thepeople and protesting his innocence, the hangmansmoked tobacco, and the smoke blowing in his faceinterrupted his discourse ; but the accusers said that it

was the devil who smoked him.Here it seems according to the afflicted, the devil did

not wish his man to escape ; contrary to his allged con-duet in the cases of Burroughs and Proctor.

Mrs. Mary Easty, hung on this occasion, was also tiie

sister of Rebecca Nurse, and no doubt but that her con-nection with that ill-fated woman who was herself avictim to sisterly love, was the cause of her persecutionand death. The three sisters were noted for their mutuallove. Her's was a hard case and excited great publiccommiseration. It was hoped that her spotless characterand example would prove too strong on her trial, for thefictions and fits of the afflicted and their partizans. Butthey employed a jury of eight women, and a doctor tosearch her body for the devil's marks, and an excresencewas found which was pronounced to be a witch teat ; andit turned the case against her.

Shortly before her execution, she called her husband,children and friends about her in prison, and gave themher last farewell, with such affectionate and pious exhor-tation, as drew tears from the eyes of all present. Shealso sent to the court the following petition, which pre-

sents a vivid picture of her case, and of the unhallowedtimes on which she had fallen.

'' To 1^6 Honorable Judge and Bench, now sitting in

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. tl

Salem, and the Rev. Ministers ; This petition humblysheweth; That whereas your poor petitioner being con-demned to die, doth humbly beg of you to take into yourjudicious and pious consideration, that your poor andhumble petitioner knowing my own innocency (blessedbe the Lord for it) and seeing plainly the subtility andwiles of my accusers towards myself, cannot but judgecharitably of others, who are going the same way todeath with me, if the Lord step not mightily in.

*' I was confined a whole month, on accusation of witch-craft, and then cleared by the afflicted persons, as someof your Honors knoM^, and in tvv'o days time I was criedout upon by them again, and have been since confined,and now am condemned to die. Tlie Lord above knowsmy innocence, and it will be Imown at tiie great day bymen and angels. I petition to your Honors, not for myown hfe, for I know 1 must die, and my appointed timeis set. I question not bat your Honors "do to tlie utmostof vour powers in the discovery and detecting of witches,and would not for the world be guilty of innocent blood

;

but by my own innocency I knoAv you are in the wrongway. May the Lord in mercy, direct you in this greatwork.

*' I would humbly beg that your Honors would be

Eleased to examine some of those confessing witches ; Ieing confident that there are some of them who have

beUed themselves and others, as will appear, if not inthis world, I am sure it will in the world to come, whitherI am going.

*' They say that myself and others have made a leaguewith the devil ; we cannot confess. The Lord knowsthey belie me, as I question not they do others ; the Lordalone who is the searcher of all hearts knows, as I shall

answer at his judgment seat, that I know not the leastthing of witchcraft, therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie

my own souL***

I beg your Honors not to deny this my humble peti-

tion, from a poor dying innocent person, and I questionnot but the Lord will give a blessing to your endeavors.

"Mary Easty."This touching and modest declaration Mary Easty

sealed with her blood. Her husband. Captain IsaacEasty, was a soldier, and then stood in arms against theFrench and Indians, and to defend the country and theeame power which forced away his wife from her oncehappy home and family, and without regard to herknown piety and virtue, carted her up Witch Hill andhung her on the limb of a tree.

r?*'''^^'

92 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

Of the other persons hung on the 22d of September1692, few particulars have come down to us, either in his-tory or by tradition. It was the last execution and its

atrocity manifestly weakened the authority of Phipps'bloody witch court, and the credit of the Parris afflictedband. It swelled the number of victims to twenty, nine-teen of whom had now been hung on that fatal gallows-tree, in after ages an object of peculiar superstitiousdread; and their bodies, unhonored even by funeraldecencies, though not unwept by private affection, werecast with pubhc ignominy into untimely graves about its

roots. But the tree withered, as was supposed, thunder-smitten, and stood for years with leafless, outstretchedbranches and sliattered trunk, until burned to theground by the descendants in the third and fourth gene-ration of those "V^ ho suffered on it. In superstitiousmiads tempests and torrents could not wash away theblood from the unhallowed hill whereon it grew, and thesoil was cursed and barren of all wholesome vegetation.But all were not executed who were tried and sen-

tenced. Besides Elizabeth Proctor, Abigail Falkner ofAndover was saved by her delicate family condition. Ather trial the court took the confession of her little daugh-ter, ten years old, against her. But Dorcas Hoar of Bev-erly, Rebecca Eams of Boxford, Abigail Hobbs of Tops-field, Mary Bradbury of Salisbury, and Ann Foster andMary Lacy of Andover, all flattered then* persecutors bya confession of the charges against them, and thus es-

caped death.This whole slaughter of the innocent under the simili-

tude of legal forms, was the work of httle more thanthree short months. A sudden bereavement, indeed, of

near and loved friends. When, however, a lawful courtwas establish^d, this sham tribunal, happily for thecountry, came to an end. And it is some consolation to

know that it was entirely discontinued with the regularjurisprudence of the country.The last witch trials ever holden in Massachusetts were

those five at Ipswich about the middle of May, 1693, andto which I have already referred.

By this time the spectre evidence, or the devil's testi-

mony through the mouths of the afflicted, had become sounpopular that none of the judges dared to sustain it,

and the juries also disregarded it ; and from this timeforth it was manifest that there could be no more con-victions for alleged witchcrafts.

And thus pubhc opinion, operating through the juryand the only part of the government at that time through

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 98

which it could operate, in effect annulled the bloody witchlaw, passed by false agents of the people, against commonjustice and in favor of the then ruling political interestsand influences

; or the old charter church and state aris-tocracy. And history rarely reveals to us a more bloodydespotism. And shall it not stand forever as a warningagainst any interference by a people's self-governmentwith the religion or business of the community ?

'

Early in the year of 1727 the last witch-fire was kindledwith which the air of bonnie Scotland was polluted.Two poor Highland women, a mother and daughter,were brought before Captain David Ross of Littledean,deputy-sheriff of Sutherland, charged with witchcraftand consorting with the devil. The mother was accusedof having used her daughter as her " horse and hattock,"causing her to be shod by the devil, so that she was everafter lame in both hands and feet. The fact being satis-

factorily proved, and Captain David Ross being well as-sured of the same, the poor old woman was put into atar-barrel and burned at Dornoch in the bright month ofJune. "And it is said that after being brought out to ex-ecution, the weather proving very severe, she sat com-gosedly warming herself by the fire prepared to consumeer, while the other instruments of death were getting

ready." The daughter escaped. Afterward sh^ marriedand had a son who was as lame as herself, and in thesame manner; though it does not appear that he was evershod bj' the devil and witch-ridden. " And this son," saysSir Walter Scott, in 1830 "was living so lately as to re-

ceive the charity of the present Marchioness of Stafford,Countess of Sutherland in her own right."This then, is the last execution for witchcraft in Scot-

land; and in June, 1736, the Acts Anents Witchcraft wereformerly repealed. Henceforth to the dread of the timid,and the anger of the pious, the English Parhament di»-

tinctly opposed the express Law of Grod: "Thou shalt notBuffer a witch to live;" and declared the text upon whichso much critical absurdity had been talked, and in sup-port of which so much innocent blood had been shed,vain, superstitious, impossible and contrary to thathuman reason which is the highest Law of God hithertorevealed unto men. But if Parliament could stay vjxecu-

tions it could not remove beliefs nor give rationality iaplace of folly.

Not more than sixty years ago an old woman namedElizabeth M'Whirter was "scratched" by one Eagleshamm the parish of Colmonel, Ayrshire, because his son had

94 SALEM WITCHCBAFT.

fallen sick, and tlie neighbors said he was bewttcfeed.Poor old Bessie M'Whirter was forced over the hills tothe young man's house, a distance of three miles, andthere made to kneel by his bedside and repeat the Lord^sPrayer.

In offering this collection of witch stories to the public,

I do not profess to have exhausted the subject, or tohave made so complete a suimnary as I might have dona,had I the space, but I do not think that I have left muohuntold.Neither have I attempted to enter into the philosophy

of the subject. It is lar too wide and deep to be dis-

cussed in a few hasty words ; and to sift such evidenceas is left us—to determine what was fraud, what self-

deception, what disease and what the exaggeration ofthe narrator—would have swelled my book into a moreimportant and bulky work than I intended or wished.As a general rule, I think we may apply all four condi-tions to every case reported ; in what proportion, eachreader must judge for himself. Those who beheve indirect and personal intercourse between the spirit-worldand man will probably accept every account with theunquestioning beUef of the sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies ; those who have faith in the uniform opera-tions of nature, wiQ hold chiefly to the doctrine of fraud ;

tiiose who have seen much of disease and that strangecondition called "mesmerism," or "sensitiveness," willdetect the presence of nervous derangement, mixed upwith a vast amount of conscious deception, which thecredulity and ignorance of the time rendered easy topractice ; and those who have been accustomed to sift

evidence and examine witnesses will be dissatisfied withthe loose statements and wild distortion of every instanceon record.The whole world was overrun with witches. Prom

every town came crowds of those lost and damned souls

;

from every hovel peered out the cursing witch, or criedaloud for help the stricken victim. These poor and oldand wretched beings, on whose heads lighted the wrathof a world, and against whom every idle lad or mopingmaid had a stone to fling at A\ill, were held capable of all

but omnipotence. They could destroy the babe in thewomb and make the " mother of many children childlessamong women ;" they could kill with a look and disable"vith a curse ; bring storms or sunshine as they listed : byfeheir "witch-ropes," artfully woven, draw to themselvesall the profit of their neighbor's bams and hrewexies; yet

SALEM WITCHCRAFT. 90

evw roniQiin poor and miserable, ^lad to beg a mouthfujof meat or a can of sour milk from the hands of thosewhom they could ruin by half a dozen muttered words.They could take on themselves what shapes they would,and transport themselves whither they would. No boltnor bar could keep them out ; no distance by land or>8ea was too great for them to accomplish ; a straw—

a

broomstick—the serviceable imp ever at hand—wasenough for them ; and with a pot of magic ointment, anda charm of spoken gibberish, they might visit the kingcm his throne or the lady in her bower, to do what ill

was In their hearts against them or to gather to them-selves what gain and store they would. Yet with all this

E)wer the superstitious world saw nothing doubtful orogicai in the fact of their own exceeding poverty, and

never stayed to think that if witches and wizards couldtaransport themselves through the air to any distanceth6y chose, they would be but slippery holding in prison,and not very likelv to remain there for the pleasure ofbeing tortured and burned at the end. But neither rea-son nor logic had anything to do with the matter. The"whole thing rested on fear, and that practical atheism offear, which denies the power of God and the wholesomebeauty of Nature, to exalt in their stead the supremacyof the devilThis belief in the devil's material presence and power

over men was the dark chain that bound them all. Eventhe boldest opponent of the Witchcraft Delusion darednot fling it on. The bravest man, the freest thinker,eould not clear his mind of this terrible bugbear, thisphantasm of human fear and ignorance, this ghastly lie

and morbid delusion, or abandon the slavish belief inSatan for the glad freedom of God and Nature.

Superstition dies hard ; or rather, so far as we haveyet gone, it does not die at all, but only changes its formand removes its locality. If educated people do not nowbelieve in witches and Satanic compacts, as in the ignor-

ant old times of which these stories treat, they do still

believe in other things which are as much against reasonand as incapable of proof. And perhaps it may givesome cause to think that assertion does not necessarily

include truth, and that skepticism may be at times awiser attitude of mind than credulity, when they remem-ber that the best brains in the world were once firmly

convinced of the truth of Posses£^ion and the diabolical

art of witchcraft, and realize how many innocent menand women were murdered on the strength of thesebeliefs and to vindicate the honor and glory of God. So

96 SALEM WITCHCRAFT.

long as ontJ shred of superstition remains in the woi^d, bywhich human charity is sacrificed to an unprovable faith,so long will it be necessary to msist on tbe dead errors oithe past as a gauge for the hving follies of the present.But the snake is scotched, not killed. So far are we in

advance of the men of the ruder past, inasmuch as oursuperstitions, though quite as silly, are less cruel thantheirs, and hurt no one but ourselves. Yet still we haveour wizards and witches lurkmg round area gates andprowling through the lanes and yards of the remotercoimtry districts ; still we have our mediums, who call upthe dead from their graves to talk to us more trivial

nonsense than ever they talked while living, and whoreconcile us with humanity by showing us how infinitelyinferior is spirituahty ; still we have the unknownmapped out in clear lines sharp and firm ; and still theimpossibl is asserted as existing, and men are ready togive their lives in attestation of what contravenes everyiw of reason and of nature ; still we are not content to

•watch and wait and collect and fathom before deciding,but for every new group of facts or appearances must atonce draw up a code of laws and reasons, and prove, to amathematical certainty, the properties of a chimera, andthe divine hfe and beauty of a lie. Even the merevulgar belief in witchcraft remains among the lowerclasses. And indeed so long as conviction without exam-ination, and belief without proof, pass as the righteousoperations of faith, so long will superstition and credulityreign fl/ipreme over the mind, and the functions of critical

reason be abandoned and foresworn. And as ib seems tome that credulity is a less desirable frame of mind thanskepticism, I have set forth this collection of witch stories

as landmarks of the excesses to which a blind belief mayhurry and impel humanity, and perhaps as some slightaids to that much misused common sense which theholders of impossible theories generally consider it weHto tread under foot, and loftily ignore.

N

Character Reading

rom Handwriting

A Simple Guide With

Numerous Examples

Of intense interest and utility-

is the art cf Reading Character

from HandviTiting.

It is a Knowledge arranged under general princi-

ples, grounded upon actual demonstration and has

taken equal rank and importance v/ith all such

accepted phenomena as differentiates the exact

sciences from a status of uncertainty and doubt.

lI!hoose your friends wisely. by their traits as re-

vealed by this infallible method of Character analy-

sis; and by the same tokens learn to tread warily

through the to^^^-wrous paths and by-ways f^-^ 'ife's

dismal jungler

PRICE 25 CENTS

TROLOGYMADE EASY

«'Astrology Made Easy ; or. The Influence of the

Stars and Planets Upon Human Life," is the title

of a new book, just published, designed to teach the

masses the wonders and myster-

ies of the great science of

Astrology. The book is written

in plain and simple language,

which anybody may understand

and it tells how to delineate the

character and the leading events

of the life of persons born uponany day of the year. You have

only to turn to the proper date and you will find

your own horoscope, or that of any of your friands,

carefully outlined according to the teachings of the

great science of Astrology. It will be found helpful

in many ways to read not only the delineation re-

lating to one's own sign, but those of friends. This

book will prove almost an endless, source of en-

tertainment among friends and at social gatherings.

It is the result of deep thinking and profound study.

Astrology Made Easy is a book of 64 large octavo

pages, neatly bound in attractive paper cover and

will be sent by mail postpaid upon receipt of 25

cents.

PRICE 25 CENTS

ITI^l'OR

How To Know Your Future

By MARTINI

This illustrated Book is a vivid exposition of one

of the most ancient of the occult sciences and of re-

cent years has engaged the attention

of some CI the greatest thinkers

of the world, who have becomethoroughly convinced of the truths

with reference to the past history

and future destiny of mortals, con-

tained in the signs indicated by the formation, lines

and general physical features of the human hand.

As a source of amusement as well as of absorbing

interest, and as a sure guide to means by which im-

pending evils may be averted, there is no other worksuch as this one known to science.

Attractive paper cover, sent postpaid uponreceipt of 25 cents.

The same neatly bound in cloth sent postpaid

upon receipt of 50 cents.

THE

TALISMANS—AMULETS—CHARMS—MASCOTS-^—SUPERSTITIONS—WEDDING CUSTOMS—MARRIAGE SUPERSTITIONS—LUCKYNUMBERS—LUCKY DAYS—LUCKYCHILDREN — LUCKY COLORS—tXMAS CHARMS — NEW

YEAR PORTENTSETC., ETC.

The various subjects treated in this remarkable

book have engaged, from time immemorial, the

rapt interest of the countless nations and tribes

into which the races of man-kind, and their religions andphilosophies have been divided.

From the most ancient annals

of the Chinese, Hindoos, Heb-rews and other great peoples of

a high antiquity, we have the

evidence of that implicit faith

reposed by them in the efficacy

of talismans, amulets, charms,etc., as tokens of GOOD LUCK, and of signs pre-

saging future events for either weal or woe.

An intensity of thrill, not to be derived fromany similar source, is assured to the reader of this

wonderful book.

^BOOKofiLUCKr

f^ifti^mmiit 0m.»0tlt tmt^itu emmm»tw'ua

Sent Postpaid Upon Receipt of 25 Cents

PRICE 10 CENTS

The Latest and Best Joke Books on the MarketThese books are the very latest and Lest of

their kind which it has ever been our good for-

tune to publish for the entertainment of ourmany patrons. The comic books contain all thebrightest and wittiest sayings of the world's

most famous entertainers before th-e footlights,

at banquets and in the press.

1 NEW JOKES.2 NEW COON JOKES.8 NEW IRISH JOKES.4 NEW DUTCH JOKES.

6 NEW HEBREW JOKES.6 NEW BOOK OF FOURHUNDRED TOASTS.

7 SELECT RIDDLES.8 NEW AFTER DINNER

STORIES.NEW VAUDEVILLEJOKES.NEW BOOK OFMONOLOGUES.COMBINATION JOKER.PRIZE JOKES.KID JOKES.THE LATEST TRAMPJOKES.RUBE JOKES.ORIGINAL CLOWN JOKES.FUNNY EPITAPHS.NEW BOOK OF PROVERBS.NEW BLACKFACEMINSTREL JOKES.ITALIAN DIALECTJOKE BOOK.NEW BOOK OFCARD TRICKS.NEW BOOK OFCOIN TRICKS.LATEST STAGE JOKES.NEW TRAIN STORIES.NEW ACTORS' JOKES.NEW BOOK OF PARLORTRICKS AND MAGIC.NEW BOOK OF PARLORGAMES AND AMUSEMENTS.AUTO JOKE BOOK.

No. 29 THE NEW RED HOTJOKE BOOK.

No. 31 WITCHES DREAM BOOK.No. 32 HASH HOUSE JOKES.No. 33 UP-TO-DATE LETTER

WRITER.No. 34 TROLLEY JOKES.No. 35 WINE, WOMEN AND SONG.No. 36 FORTUNE TELLING

BY CARDS.No. 37 FORD JOKES AND STORIES.No. 38 MODERN JOKES AND

MONOLOGUES.No. 39 SNAPPY JOKES.No. 40 BURLESQUE AND VARIETY.No. 41 BREEZY JOKES.No. 42 HOW TO PLAY JHECKERS.No. 43 HOW TO PLAY CHESS.No. 44 SOME JOKES.No. 45 SAUCY JOKES.No. 46 LIVE WIRE JOKE BOOK.No. 47 HOT STUFF JOKE BOOK.No. 48 ARKANSAS I SAW.No. 49 GYPSY DREAM BOOK.No. 50 YOU TELL 'EM.No. 51 COWBOY JOKES.No. 52 CHARLES CHAPLIN CHAT-

TER AND FUNNY STORIES.No. 53 HA-HA JOKES AND

FUNNY SAYINGS.No. 54 READY MADE SPEECHES

AND TOASTS.No. 55 RIDDLES, JOKES AND

STORIES.No. 56 A NEW BOOK OF HEARTY

LAUGHS AND LATESTJOKES.

No. 57 SIDE SPLITTING JOKESAND FUNNY SAYINGS.

No. 58 MANY LAUGHS.No. 59 HERE WE ARE.

LET'S LAUGH.No. 60 LAUGH AND BE MERRY.No. 61 SPICY JOKES.No. 62 PEPPY JOKES AND

LATEST SAYINGS.No. 63 HUNDREDS OF LAUGHS

AND GOOD JOKES.No. 64 LIVELY JOKES NEVER

HEARD BEFORE.No. 65 BEST EVER JOKE BOOK.

Any one of the above books sent upon receipt of 10 cents postpaidor 12 books for $1.00 postpaid.

L & M. OTTENHEIMER, Publishers

BALTIMORE - - MARYLANDPrinted in U. S. .

SELF - TAUGHT LANGUAGE SERIES

.SPANISH=S»LF.=:'

TAUGHT

_ r^UNiVnSALmFTinTIOi^^

GERMAN SELF-TAUGHTBy Franz Thimm.

"Sprechen Sie Deutsch"A new system, on the most

simple principles, for UniversalSelf-Tuition, with English pro-nunciation of every word. Bythis system any person can be-come proficient in the Germanlanguage in a ve^'y short time.This book also c ains a tablewhich shows t' comparativevalue of Germa ^nd Americanmoney. It is the most, completeand easy method ever published.By Franz Thimm. (Revised Edi-

tion.)

Bound In paper cover. Price 2 5 cts.

FRENCH SELF-TAUGHT. "Parlez vous Francaise?"By Franz Thimm. Uniform and arranged the same as

"Garman Self-Taught," being the most thorough and easysystem for Self-Tuition. (Revised Edition.)

Bound in paper cover. Price.... 2 5 cts.

SP.VNISH SELF-TAUGHT. "I Habla V. Espanol?"IJy Franz Thimm. A new system for Self-Tuition, ar-

ranged the same as French and German, being the easiest

method of acquiring a thorough knowledge of the Spanishlanguage. (Revised Edition.)

Bound in paper cover. Price. 2 5 cts.

ITALIAN SELF-TAUGHT. "Parlate Italiano?"By Franz Thimm. Uniform in size and style with Ger-

man, French and Spanish, being the most simple method of

learning the Italian language. (Revised Edition.)Bound in paper cover. Price 2 5 cts.

i^/'EDISH SELF-TAUGHT. "-Hur star det tel)"

Uniform and arranged the same as "German Self-Taught,"ibeing the most thorough and easy system for Self-TuiUpn./< Revised Edition.) ..:''•:

Bound in paper cover. Price 2 5 cts.

NORWEGIAN SELF-TAUGHT. "Hvorledes garr d^dem?A new system for Self-Tuition, arranged the ^'me as

French and German, being the easiest method of\^quiringa thorough knowledge of the Norwegian language. '(RevisedEdition.)

Bound in paper cover. Price 2 5 ctsL-

POLISH SELF-TAUGHT. Jak S^ Czujes»Uniform in size and style with German, French and Span-

ish, being the most simple method of learning the Polish

language. (Revised Edition.)Bound in paper cover. Price 25 ctg.

Any of the above Books gent postpaid for 25 Cents J*er Copy.

\

I. & M. OTTENHEIMER, Publishers

BALTIMORE - - MABTLJiNfi• Printed in U. S. A,

UrtlGHftM ''O'JNG iJNIVFRMTy

3 1197 00668 9852

i

!

DATE DUE

^

^^'^ 1 6 las! t

''^V 1 f? 1QC 4

,. '

m 2 9 199k

)

.'

986

OCT n t SB

JUL 2 J2

nn :'' 3 2002

'' "iZOuJ

DEMCO 38-297

m