The Second World WarThe Second World War

Mr. ErmerMr. Ermer

World History APWorld History AP

Miami Beach Senior HighMiami Beach Senior High

Path To WarPath To War 1920s: Hitler tells Germans they are 1920s: Hitler tells Germans they are

destined to rule “a land to the east”destined to rule “a land to the east” Starts preparing for war with Soviet UnionStarts preparing for war with Soviet Union

1935: Hitler creates an air force, starts 1935: Hitler creates an air force, starts draftdraft This violates Treaty of Versailles This violates Treaty of Versailles

1936: Germany militarizes the Rhineland1936: Germany militarizes the Rhineland Britain takes policy of “appeasement”Britain takes policy of “appeasement” Hitler backs up Italy’s invasion of EthiopiaHitler backs up Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia

Both support Franco in Spanish Civil WarBoth support Franco in Spanish Civil War Germany signs anti-communist treaty with Germany signs anti-communist treaty with

Japan, Mussolini declares Berlin-Rome Japan, Mussolini declares Berlin-Rome AxisAxis

Nazis on the MarchNazis on the March 1938: Germany annexes Austria1938: Germany annexes Austria Hitler demands part of CzechoslovakiaHitler demands part of Czechoslovakia

Munich conf. grants Hitler the SudetenlandMunich conf. grants Hitler the Sudetenland 1939: Hitler takes the rest of western 1939: Hitler takes the rest of western

CzechCzech Hitler also controls “independent” SlovakiaHitler also controls “independent” Slovakia

Hitler threatens Poland, Britain offers helpHitler threatens Poland, Britain offers help France and Britain begin to negotiate with France and Britain begin to negotiate with

Joseph Stalin, know Soviets are powerful Joseph Stalin, know Soviets are powerful enough to hold off Germany in E. Europeenough to hold off Germany in E. Europe

Nazis and CommunismNazis and Communism To prevent a two front war (like WWI) To prevent a two front war (like WWI)

Hitler makes agreement with StalinHitler makes agreement with Stalin Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression PactNazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Promises Stalin half of Poland and the BalticsPromises Stalin half of Poland and the Baltics Hitler plans to take those lands back when he Hitler plans to take those lands back when he

attacks the Soviet Union anywayattacks the Soviet Union anyway September 1, 1939: Hitler invades PolandSeptember 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland September 3, 1939: The United Kingdom September 3, 1939: The United Kingdom

and France declare war on Germanyand France declare war on Germany

Japan’s Path To WarJapan’s Path To War September 1931: Japan seizes September 1931: Japan seizes

ManchuriaManchuria League of Nations condemns the attackLeague of Nations condemns the attack

Japan pulls out of the League of NationsJapan pulls out of the League of Nations Japanese begin to expand into N. ChinaJapanese begin to expand into N. China

China was in the middle of civil warChina was in the middle of civil war 1936: Chiang Kai-shek (non-Communist) 1936: Chiang Kai-shek (non-Communist)

joins forces with Communists against joins forces with Communists against Japanese, Japan takes capital of NanjingJapanese, Japan takes capital of Nanjing

Chiang moves the government upriverChiang moves the government upriver

New Asian OrderNew Asian Order Japan wants the Chinese to join them in a Japan wants the Chinese to join them in a

New Asian Order where Japan can lead all of New Asian Order where Japan can lead all of East Asia to prosperity, and powerEast Asia to prosperity, and power

Japan wants eastern Russia (Siberia)Japan wants eastern Russia (Siberia) Japan and Germany join forces against USSRJapan and Germany join forces against USSR

Germany’s nonaggression pact with Stalin Germany’s nonaggression pact with Stalin makes Japan look south for resourcesmakes Japan look south for resources

Japan invades SE Asia, Europe/US not happyJapan invades SE Asia, Europe/US not happy US imposes sanctions on JapanUS imposes sanctions on Japan Japan launches a surprise attack on US and Japan launches a surprise attack on US and

European targets in the Pacific/SE AsiaEuropean targets in the Pacific/SE Asia

Japan At WarJapan At War December 7, 1941: Japan bombs HawaiiDecember 7, 1941: Japan bombs Hawaii

Also attack US Philippines and British MalayaAlso attack US Philippines and British Malaya April 1942: Japan controls most of Asia and April 1942: Japan controls most of Asia and

western Pacific Oceanwestern Pacific Ocean Japan establishes a “community” in AsiaJapan establishes a “community” in Asia Japanese attacks unify Americans for warJapanese attacks unify Americans for war Hitler declares war on the United States, Hitler declares war on the United States,

thinking the US will be distracted by Japanthinking the US will be distracted by Japan

Europe At WarEurope At War Europe is stunned by efficiency of Nazi armyEurope is stunned by efficiency of Nazi army Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” 300 tanks supported Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” 300 tanks supported

by air and ground supportby air and ground support April 9, 1940: Hitler attacks Denmark, NorwayApril 9, 1940: Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway May 10: attack Netherlands, Belgium, FranceMay 10: attack Netherlands, Belgium, France June 22: France surrenders, Germans control June 22: France surrenders, Germans control

3/5 of France, set up puppet government3/5 of France, set up puppet government United States denounces Germany, stays out of United States denounces Germany, stays out of

war—isolationism, but supplies UK with war—isolationism, but supplies UK with weapons, food, planes, ships, suppliesweapons, food, planes, ships, supplies

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain

August 1940: German Luftwaffe launches August 1940: German Luftwaffe launches air attack of Great Britain—military onlyair attack of Great Britain—military only

Radar provides British early warningRadar provides British early warning British bomb Berlin, Hitler unleashes British bomb Berlin, Hitler unleashes

brutal air attack of British cities—Londonbrutal air attack of British cities—London Allows Britain to quickly rebuild air forceAllows Britain to quickly rebuild air force

Luftwaffe having trouble with new air Luftwaffe having trouble with new air forceforce

Hitler postpones invasion of BritainHitler postpones invasion of Britain

Attack on the SovietsAttack on the Soviets Hitler thinks UK holding for hope of USSRHitler thinks UK holding for hope of USSR

Hitler wants British gone, attacks SovietsHitler wants British gone, attacks Soviets Soviets did not have weapons like GermanySoviets did not have weapons like Germany

Hitler expects Soviets to go down quickHitler expects Soviets to go down quick Originally wanted to invade March 1941Originally wanted to invade March 1941

Mussolini’s failed invasion of Greece delays plansMussolini’s failed invasion of Greece delays plans Hitler invades USSR June 22, 1941Hitler invades USSR June 22, 1941 Germany advances quickly, but Soviets stop Germany advances quickly, but Soviets stop

them in early winterthem in early winter Germans unprepared for Russian winter, failGermans unprepared for Russian winter, fail

Battle of Stalingrad

New European Order & HolocaustNew European Order & Holocaust When Germans conquered eastern When Germans conquered eastern

Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and repopulating the area with Jews and repopulating the area with GermansGermans Plans set in motion soon after taking overPlans set in motion soon after taking over Himmler plans on killing 30 million SlavsHimmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs

1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves EinsatzgruppenEinsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews: Death squads, kill Jews 6 million Jews also killed in death squads6 million Jews also killed in death squads 13 million orphaned children in Europe13 million orphaned children in Europe

New Asian OrderNew Asian Order

Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics”Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics” Puppet governments establishedPuppet governments established

Resources used to benefit JapaneseResources used to benefit Japanese 1944-45: over 1 million Vietnamese starve 1944-45: over 1 million Vietnamese starve

Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob localsJapanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals Used captured people as slavesUsed captured people as slaves Rebels coordinate with American forcesRebels coordinate with American forces POWs forced into labor for JapanesePOWs forced into labor for Japanese

Mobilization of AmericaMobilization of America WWII=more total war than WWIWWII=more total war than WWI

Even more women go to work in WWIIEven more women go to work in WWII United States provides weapons to AlliesUnited States provides weapons to Allies African Americans move north and west African Americans move north and west

looking for work, women go to worklooking for work, women go to work Causes tension among established residentsCauses tension among established residents

110,000 Asian Americans moved to 110,000 Asian Americans moved to internment camps out east, take oathinternment camps out east, take oath

New place for women and minorities, New place for women and minorities, leads to civil rights movementleads to civil rights movement

Camp Miami BeachCamp Miami Beach

The Allies AdvanceThe Allies Advance US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress

military operations, not political military operations, not political differencesdifferences Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrenderAgree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender

1942: War turns against Germany, Japan1942: War turns against Germany, Japan Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43 Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at StalingradFeb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad June ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at MidwayJune ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway Gen MacArthur begins offensive in PhilippinesGen MacArthur begins offensive in Philippines Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping” Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping”

May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrendersMay 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders September 1943: Allies invade ItalySeptember 1943: Allies invade Italy

The European TheaterThe European Theater After Allies take Sicily, King Victor After Allies take Sicily, King Victor

Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by GermansGermans June 1944: Allies take RomeJune 1944: Allies take Rome

June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade FranceJune 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of

Normandy’s beaches, then on to GermanyNormandy’s beaches, then on to Germany August ’44: Allies take ParisAugust ’44: Allies take Paris March ’45: Allies cross into GermanyMarch ’45: Allies cross into Germany April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far

awayaway April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicideApril 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945: Germany surrendersMay 7, 1945: Germany surrenders

The Asian TheaterThe Asian Theater April 1945: US President Franklin Delano April 1945: US President Franklin Delano

Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S TrumanRoosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman Allied forces approach Japanese Allied forces approach Japanese

homelandhomeland Japanese refuse to surrenderJapanese refuse to surrender

Truman must decide to use new atomic Truman must decide to use new atomic bombbomb

August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Japanese city Hiroshimaon Japanese city Hiroshima Emperor refuses to surrenderEmperor refuses to surrender

Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki dropped on Nagasaki Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945

Peace & A New WarPeace & A New War

Allied victory brings tensions b/w Allied victory brings tensions b/w powerspowers

Cold War: United States and Soviet Cold War: United States and Soviet Union enter period of ideological conflict Union enter period of ideological conflict

Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and StalinThree” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin Outlines final attack on Germany (1943)Outlines final attack on Germany (1943) Split Germany between, east and west, US-Split Germany between, east and west, US-

UK forces and Soviet forcesUK forces and Soviet forces Soviets would liberate eastern EuropeSoviets would liberate eastern Europe

The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference

The Big Three meet in February 1945The Big Three meet in February 1945 Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with JapanRoosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan

Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchangePromises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange All three join new United NationsAll three join new United Nations

First meeting set for April 1945 in San First meeting set for April 1945 in San FranciscoFrancisco

After war Germany to be split into four After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & Franceparts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France

Sides divided over setting free electionsSides divided over setting free elections

Potsdam and New StrugglesPotsdam and New Struggles

July 1945: Potsdam Conference, GermanyJuly 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany President Truman replaces RooseveltPresident Truman replaces Roosevelt Truman demands elections for EuropeTruman demands elections for Europe

Stalin refuses to allow them, knows betterStalin refuses to allow them, knows better Soviets had lost more than other AlliesSoviets had lost more than other Allies

Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg Germany(1945-1946)in Nuremberg Germany(1945-1946)

Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/westthe continent” splitting Europe east/west