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The Search for Spices
Warm-Up
Do you think Columbus “discovered” America? Why or why not?
Europeans Explore the Seas
As Europe’s population grew, so did the demand for trade goods Most demanded items were SPICES:
clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, pepper Used to preserve food, add flavor &
make medicine/perfume Chief source of Spices: Asia (Spice
Islands) European explorers wanted to gain
direct access to Asia
Improved Technologies
Astrolabe- Device used to measure the angles of the sun and stars above the horizon; determined latitude
Caravel- Ship that combined the square sails of the Europeans with triangular sails of Arabs; easier to sail across or into wind
Portugal’s Voyages to the East
Henry the Navigator gathered scientists, cartographers & other experts to send out ships
Bartholomeu Dias- Rounded the southern tip of Africa Cape of Good Hope- opened the way for a sea
route to Asia Vasco da Gama- Reached spice port in
India Journey took a heavy toll. Many sailors died of scurvy-disease caused by
lack of vitamin C
Columbus’ Voyages to the West
Columbus wanted to reach the Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic Did Columbus think the world was flat?
Greatly underestimated the size of the earth
Unaware that two continents stood in his path
Voyages of Columbus
“In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue”
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain financed his journey
Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria He believed he reached the Indies
Indians
Line of Demarcation
Spain & Portugal rushed to claim lands that Columbus explored
Line of Demarcation- divides the Non-European world into two zones Spain had exploration rights in any
lands west of line Portugal had rights east of line
Naming the New World
Italian sailor Amerigo Vespucci wrote reports about the “New world” Mapmaker labeled region America Islands Columbus explored became
known as West Indies
The Search Continues
Ferdinand Magellan- set out from Spain. Charted a passage that became known
as Strait of Magellan at tip of South America
His crew was first to circumnavigate-sail around- the world. (he died on the voyage)
Search for a Northwest Passage
English, Dutch & French searched for a northwest passage to Asia
John Cabot- found rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland; he claimed for England
Henry Hudson- Sailed for the Dutch, explored the Hudson River Hudson Bay