THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

REVOLUTION:a sudden, extreme, or complete change in the way people live, work, etc.

(Merriam-Webster)

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONTime of

advancements in math and science

during 17th century in Europe

ARISTOTELIAN SYSTEMPrior to the Renaissance, the Aristotelian System had been accepted

Based off theories of Aristotle, a Greek Philosopher & Scientist, who studied under Plato

ARISTOTELIAN SYSTEM-Accepted truths about biology, physics, and astronomy

-Maintained and modified by the Church

ARISTOTELIAN SYSTEMMany of these truths were

proven WRONG during the Scientific

Revolution

THE RENAISSANCELed to a rebirth in thoughts and education

Result: scientific advancements

KEY FIGURES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Nicolaus Copernicus Galileo Galilei

Francis BaconJohannes KeplerIsaac Newton

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS-Astronomer, physician, scholar, economist, translator, mathematician, artist, diplomat-Born in Prussia (Part of the Kingdom of Poland) in 1473-Died 1543

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS-Changed how we view the positioning of the Sun, Earth, and other celestial objects in space-Prior to Copernicus, the earlier GEOCENTRIC THEORY (earth at the center) was created by Ptolemy and used for centuries

NICOLAUS COPERNICUSWent against the accepted belief and said the Sun was at the middle of the Universe,

not earth- HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

Many believed his theory, sparking modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution

NICOLAUS COPERNICUSPublished On the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres shortly before he died in 1543

NICOLAUS COPERNICUSThe chemical element, Copernicium, is named

after him

Symbol: Cn

Atomic Number: 112

GALILEO GALILEI1564-1642-Italian Scientist-Enrolled at the University of Pisa to study medicine, but never finished-Chose to study mathematics instead

GALILEO GALILEI-Built on the work of others to create a telescope that magnified about 3X-Improved it later to magnify about 30X-Able to observe the skies in new ways

GALILEO GALILEIDiscovered four of Jupiter’s moons using his advanced telescope

GALILEO GALILEIInvented versions of the compass and thermometer

GALILEO GALILEIFindings were controversial at the time of his life; spent his last years under house arrest because the Catholic Church did not like his theories

FRANCIS BACON-Born: 1561, England-Spent most of his childhood in home school-Went to college at 12-Wrote several works on law, religion, politics, and science

FRANCIS BACON-Advocate of natural philosophy and the scientific method-Often called the

Father of Modern Science

FRANCIS BACON-Became Lord Chancellor in 1618, but was accused of bribery and forced to resign-Retired and continued to study-Died of pneumonia in London in 1626 at age 65

JOHANNES KEPLER -Born in 1571 in Germany-Interested in astronomy as a young child-Increased when he saw a comet in 1577 and a lunar eclipse in 1580

JOHANNES KEPLER -Studied philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy at the University of Tubingen

-Wrote horoscopes for his classmates

JOHANNES KEPLER -Did a lot of his work about the same time as the famous astronomer, Galileo Galilei-Often differed in their opinions, but their work propelled physics, philosophy, and astronomy to a new level

JOHANNES KEPLER -Had many accomplishments, but is well known for his three laws of planetary motion-These laws helped Isaac Newton create his theory of Universal Gravitation

JOHANNES KEPLER -Wrote many books-NASA named a telescope after him in 2009-Died in 1630

ISAAC NEWTON-Born in 1643 in England, died 1727-Devised many theories in several fields including physics, mathematics, and philosophy-Created Calculus

ISAAC NEWTON-Most famous book is Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica

-One of the most important books in science ever written-Describes universal gravitation and the 3 laws of motion(VERY important in science!)

ISAAC NEWTON-Moved to London; became the Warden of the Royal Mint-Oversaw the production of the Pound Sterling, England’s Currency-Died in 1727

IMPACT OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

-The ENLIGHTENMENT was born out of the Scientific Revolution -It applied the Scientific method to human behavior and society during the 18th century