THE SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF SCIENCE EXPERIMENT

Title of experiment: Atmospheric Air PressureBY : Janice Liman 6B

Quantitative Experiment Qualitative Experiment

• Quantitative experiments was more specific and accurate as the result was possible to be recorded with numbers and could show the exact result.

• Quantitative experiments was also more measurable and the result could be explained in words and also in numbers.

• Quantitative experiments have 2 significant things to be compared and the result difference was significant too.

• On a quantitative experiment, the materials was more specific such as showing the exact amount needed to achieve good experiment result.

• Qualitative experiments was less specific but the result was also accurate and was possible to the recorded too.

• The result of the qualitative experiment could only be described in words for that there is no exact measurement of the process of the experiment.

• On a qualitative experiment, the materials was less specific which meant that there is no exact measurement or amount needed to do the experiment accurately.

• Data/result can only be observed

• Explanations was mostly filled with descriptions.

Quantitative and Qualitative Experiments

Describing the materials:

The result:

Example of Quantitative and Qualitative Experiments

Quantitative Qualitative

-½ tea spoon of salt-100 ml of water-2x3 inches of cup in diameter

- Salt (plenty to use)- Water ¼ of a cup- Large cup

Quantitative Qualitative

When the bucket was filled half full ( 1L of water) and was being swing, the water left on the bucket was 800 ml.

When we swing the half full bucket vertically and weakly then some of the water will spill.

My experiment is a quantitative experiment because the result of my experiment was measurable and I have the exact data of the experiment that I have done.What I wonder? (What is my experiment about) First, I wonder about the air pressure on the atmosphere. I

was curious about air pressure because I learnt that things could disintegrate through the atmosphere because of the friction of the gasses on the atmosphere. From my curiosity I start to build a more specific question that could help me prove that atmospheric air pressure was strong enough to traps water with the help of the sun’s heat.

Introduction

If there is more oxygen on the air pressure on the atmosphere, can it trap water with the help of heat?

(If more oxygen was provided around the candle, will the air pressure inside the cup decrease and make the outer pressure pushing the water inside the cup?)

Problem:

Candle does not need air to burn, but only oxygen. If the oxygen content decreases during combustion, then the candle goes out. And when the oxygen is "used up" his place is taken by water, as nature hates a vacuum.

Once the flame goes out, the gases cool, the pressure inside also decreases, so the pressure outside the glass is greater than the pressure inside. This unequal pressure results in the atmospheric pressure PUSHING the water into the glass, the water does NOT get "sucked" into the glass.

Background Information:

I think if we use the bigger size of jar (more oxygen/air) then there will be more water absorbed.

(I think that if we use the bigger size of glass cup, that also means more oxygen/air, then there will be more water absorbed by the help of the heat.)

Hypothesis:

Identifying the Variables

VARIABLES

Independent- Size of glass jar

- Amount of air inside the

glass jarDependent :- Amount of water that was

pushed inside the cups.

CONTROLS

- First amount of water on the bowl

- The candle (size and material)- Heat produced by the candle- Material of the cup (glass)- Temperature of water- Air temperature around the

experiment area- Material of the bowl (iron)

One or two candle (for 2 cups; preferably 2 exactly the same candles)

Water (total of 200 ml; 100 ml as the starting amount for each cup

Materials:

2 Transparent glass cups 1 medium sized bowl (iron or ceramic, if possible

not plastic) Matches/lighter (if using matches please provide

more than one and ask an adult for help) 1 Measuring cup One or two digital stop watches (if you do this

experiment alone, concentrate on one variable first. (e.g. observe on glass and focus to it; one stopwatch would do)

Equipment:

1. Prepare all the materials and equipment needed on this experiment.

2. Fill the measuring cup with 100 ml of water and pour the water to the bowl.

3. Take the candle and put it on the middle of the bowl.

4. Light the candle using matches or lighter and wait for a couple of seconds.

Procedure:

5. Set the timer on the stop watch and press start when you have put the bigger size of glass over the candle.6. Observe the pressure and reaction of the water.7. Press stop on the timer when the candle was gone and the water stops going in the glass cup.8. Record the result accurately as shown on the timer.9. Hold the glass cup firmly and slowly throw the left over water on the sink.

Procedure:

10. Pull the glass cup from the bowl and let the water flow to the bowl.11. Pour the water on the bowl to the measuring cup and record how many milliliters was the water sucked into the cup.12. Repeat step 2-11 for the smaller glass cup and record the result/data.

Procedure:

Size of glass cups

Time needed for the reaction to stop

Amount of water that got pushed into the cup.

Larger cup 11.44 sec 75 ml

Smaller cup 5.66 sec 50 ml

Data:

Larg

er C

up

Smal

ler C

up0

20

40

60

80

Amount of water pushed inside the cup

Size of the glass cup

Am

ou

nt

of

wate

r in

“m

l”

Results (Amount of water)

Larg

er C

up

Smal

ler C

up0

4

8

12

Time needed for all reaction to stop

Size of cup

Tim

e in

secon

ds

Result (Period of time)

After doing my experiment, I figure out that my hypothesis was correct. If we use the big glass cup then there will be more water pushed into the cup. I clarify that the answer to my question was yes, because candle needs oxygen to stop burning and when the flame was replaced by heat and the pressure inside decreases. If the temperature inside decreases then the outside pressure would automatically be greater, then the water was pushed into the glass. I conclude that my experiment was effective and successful because I do the steps correctly and do it carefully. Like the atmosphere which has unequal pressure that traps water too inside the Earth. I suggest that we could improve this experiment by putting black color on the bottom of the glass so it could absorb more heat that may suck all the water provided.

Conclusion:

What did I do best?Based on the process of this experiment, I figure out that I did best on measuring and making a data of the result that I get from my experiment. Why was this important to you?It was important for me because it will show accuracy and can determine the result of the experiment.

My Reflection

Candle and Water/Candle Vacuum, Movie clip, Doctor Mad Science, June 4 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wd4zrNT7FvUAir Pressure: The force exerted by the weight of air, Online (Available) NASA official, January 22 2003 http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/air_pressure/

Bibliography

Additional InformationInformation related to the experiment

How does the Atmospheric Air Pressure works?

As shown in the picture, gravity and air pressure create friction on the atmosphere layer. The gravity force went down to the center of Earth’s gravity (core) and the air pressure went up from the grounds.

The theory was that the heat of the candle that was absorbed by the glass cup (the bottom) was the “vacuum”. Once the flame has goes out, and the heat inside the glass slowly cool, the pressure decreases and the pressure outside will be greater then the pressure inside. This unequal pressure make the outside pressure to push the water outside the glass to be inside the glass.

The theory of my experiment

How does this experiment works?

This diagram shows how my experiment works. So, the air pressure out side the cup pushed the water into the cup with the heat on the top side of the cup. (when being turned up side down)

Water

Process of the experiment

Preparing the materials and equipment.

Pour the 100 ml of water to the bowl.

Lit the candleRecord the data