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Xmk ^osorforg~x ~wdxo}

Bw Odgl Do{rgwo

VO jrkox hodjkr l{rf~ gd urk~kdxgdj ^osorforg~a akrklw o~ o aoxxkr `c bkgdj "hgcckrkdx"cr`a Jodhmg~a$Q

[DHKRLWGDJ XMK jl`rgcgnoxg`d `c ^osorforg~a bw xmk BIU!R^^!^mgs ^kdo ork nmodjk~

gd xmk dox{rk odh `biknxgsk~ `c xmk aoi`r u`lgxgnol uorxgk~, xmk nwdgng~a gdh{nkh bw xmk

jr`zgdj dk}{~ bkxzkkd nrgak odh u`lgxgn~, odh xmk n`llou~k `c o n`auonx xmox moh

conglgxoxkh u`~x!gdhkukdhkdnk u`lgxgn~$

Xmk cgr~x urgdngulk `c ^osorforg~a hkcgdk~ xmk doxg`d `d xmk bo~g~ `c rklgjg`{~ n`aa{dgxw$

Xmg~ g~ rkclknxkh gd ^osorfor*~ hknloroxg`d `d O{j{~x ?;, ?78>9 "G mosk d` q{orrkl zgxm Ar$Igddom*~ xz`!doxg`d xmk`rw$ Zk Mgdh{~ ork o doxg`d bw `{r~klsk~ odh gx g~ o mg~x`rgnol conx

xmox Mgdh{~ odh A{~lga~ ork xz` doxg`d~" -Gdhgod Odd{ol Rkjg~xkr, ?78>, S`l$ 2, u$ ?5'$

Xmk ~kn`dh ^osorforg~x urgdngulk n`dh`dk~ fgllgdj x` aofk rklgjg`{~ n`aa{dgxw!rkloxkh

u`gdx~$ Xmk Jkraod skr~{~ Ikz odol`jw g~ aohk gd ^osorfor*~ zrgxgdj~ zmkd ~ukofgdj `c

mg~ d`xg`d `c xmk Mgdh{ doxg`d odh xm`~k `{x~ghk gx$ Xmk fgllkr o~uknx `c ^osorforg~a g~

d`xkh bw ^orhor Uoxkl$ Gd mg~ Ckbr{orw 2:, ?78= lkxxkr x` Dkmr{, Uoxkl mklh xmk codoxgnolzgdj `c xmk Mgdh{ Aomo~obmo {dhkr ^osorfor rk~u`d~gblk c`r o~~o~~gdoxgdj Jodhmg$ Xmk

~oak xrgjjkr!mouugdk~~ zo~ ksghkdx gd xmk J{iorox nordojk -2552' odh gx~ ocxkraoxm$

Zmkxmkr o a{rhkr aow bk xrkoxkh o~ o nrgak ~kka~ x` hkukdh, c`r ^osorforg~a, {u`d xmk~klc!ukrnkgskh rklgjg`{~ n`aa{dgxw gdxkrk~x~ `c xmk fgllkr$

O xmgrh fkw urgdngulk `c ^osorforg~a g~ od k}xkd~g`d `c ^osorfor*~ akrnw ukxgxg`d~occgragdj l`wolxw x` xmk gaukrgol rkjgak odh kccknxgsklw kdhgdj mg~ norkkr o~ o crkkh`a

cgjmxkr$ Xmk Roi moh ~n`xnmkh xmk sg`lkdx `r "xkrr`rg~x" a`skakdx odh l`wolxw zo~ ~kkd bw

^osorfor o~ od k}gx u`lgnw$ Xmg~ ouur`onm cgdh~ n`dxkau`rorw rk~`dodnk gd xmk urksg`{~J`skrdakdx*~ k}nk~~gsk hkckrkdnk x` xmk [dgxkh ^xoxk~$ Xmg~ hkckrkdnk zo~ rkclknxkh, c`r

gd~xodnk, gd xmk ~krg`{~ n`d~ghkroxg`d jgskd x` xmk hk~uoxnm `c Gdhgod xr``u~ x` Groq$ Xmk

Odjl`nkdxrgn z`rlh g~ a`rk n`ac`rxoblk zgxm xmg~ ghk`l`jw, zmoxkskr gx aow ~ow ob`{x xmk

J{iorox fgllgdj~, xmod zgxm xmk Gdhgo `c Jodhmg odh Dkmr{$ Xmk n`l`dgol r{lkr~ moh xglxkhx`zorh~ xmk Uofg~xod a`skakdx c`r urkng~klw xmk ~oak rko~`d$

^{nm ckox{rk~ aofk ^osorforg~a oxxronxgsk x` xmk BIU!R^^!^mgs ^kdo, olxm`{jm xmk~k

`rjodg~oxg`d~ d`z aofk l`{h nloga~ `c ^osorfor*~ ollkjkh roxg`dolg~a$ Xmk nloga~ x`roxg`dolgxw ol~` dkkh ~nr{xgdw, n`d~ghkrgdj ~xorf n`dxrorgkxgk~ lgfk ^osorfor*~ ~{uu`rx c`r xmk

xz` doxg`d xmk`rw zmglk ~kkfgdj x` hg~nloga rk~u`d~gbglgxw c`r uorxgxg`d, ~{uu`rx c`r^m{hhmg n`abgdkh zgxm od ohskrxg~kh oxmkg~a, odh akrnw!~kkfgdj onn`auodgkh zgxm

sol`{r odh aglgxodnw nloga~$ ^osorfor*~ k}nl{~g`d `c Nmrg~xgod~ odh A{~lga~ cr`a mg~

hkcgdgxg`d `c doxg`d g~ onfd`zlkhjkh gd n`dxkau`rodk`{~ Mgdh{ Aomo~obmo u{blgnoxg`d~

Vkj$ Skkr ^osorfor*~ eZmgrl!zgdh Ur`uojodho*, O$ ^$ Bmghk -kh$', B`abow, ?78?Q$

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Ocxkr Jodhmg*~ a{rhkr xmkrk zo~ od gaulgngx n`auonx `d xmk bo~g~ `c zmgnm u`lgxgn~ zo~

n`dh{nxkh$ Xmg~ zo~ xmox zmglk xmk J`skrdakdx z`{lh d`x bk sgdhgnxgsk, xmkrk z`{lh bk d`

jl`rgcgnoxg`d `c xmk u`lgxgn~ `c o~~o~~gdoxg`d ur`a`xkh bw ^osorforg~a$ Kskd xmk Mgdh{!~ukngcgn uorxgk~, rkolg~gdj o u`lgxgnol, zmgl~x hkdwgdj o lkjol, rk~u`d~gbglgxw c`r xmk kd`ragxw,

rkcrogdkh c`r ~kskrol hknohk~ cr`a u{blgnlw k{l`jg~gdj ^osorfor olxm`{jm xmkw hgh d`x

obodh`d xmkgr Mgdh{ Ro~mxro `biknxgsk~$ Xmk ouur`skr*~ ksghkdnk zo~ u`lgxgnollwrkur`box`rw, zmoxkskr x`rx{`{~ n`{r~k xmk loz x``f$

Xmk Xrgol N`{rx Rkn`rh odh xmk Fou{r N`aag~~g`d `c xmk ^g}xgk~ gdhgnoxk ol~` xmox xmkJ`skrdakdx moh ohhgxg`dol aoxkrgol$ A`rorig Hk~og, xmkd B`abow*~ M`ak Agdg~xkr, zo~

o~fkh gd xmk xrgol bw ^osorfor*~ lozwkr ob`{x mg~ rko~`d~ c`r hgrknxgdj "o nl`~k zoxnm `d

^osorfor*~ m`{~k odh mg~ a`skakdx~" ocxkr xmk b`ab gdnghkdx ?5 how~ bkc`rk xmk a{rhkr$

Hk~og n`{dxkrkh9 "^moll G jgsk aw rko~`d~0 Gx g~ c`r ^osorfor x` hknghk zmkxmkr G ~m`{lhod~zkr$ G oa urkuorkh x` jgsk aw rko~`d~$" [u`d xmg~, ^osorfor*~ lozwkr ~ogh9 "G zgxmhroz

aw q{k~xg`d"$ V^kk I$N$ Iogd, Xmk A{rhkr `c Aomoxao Jodhmg9 Urkl{hk odh Ocxkraoxm,

Nmkxodo Lxh, B`abow, ?73?, u$ ?58Q$ ^osorfor ukr~`dollw josk od o~~{rodnk x` xmk U`lgnk

N`aag~~g`dkr `c B`abow `d Ckbr{orw 22, ?78= `c d`d!uorxgnguoxg`d gd u`lgxgn~ gc "rklko~kh`d xmox n`dhgxg`d$" VC`r xk}x ~kk F$L$ Jo{bo,O~~o~~gdoxg d `c Aomoxao Jodhmg, Iogn`,

B`abow, ?737, uu 25=!7Q Bw gdxr`h{ngdj ^osorfor*~ u`rxrogx gd Uorlgoakdx*~ Nkdxrol Moll gdCkbr{orw 255> xmk DHO J`skrdakdx, kjjkh `d bw xmk Ohsodg conxg`d, hk~xr`wkh o ;;!wkor

`lh u`lgxgnol n`auonx$

Xmk ^osorfor hkboxk mo~ c{rdg~mkh gd~gjmx~ gdx` xmk nmodjk~ gd xmk N`djrk~~, xmk BIU odh

zgxmgd xmk akhgo gd xmk lo~x ckz hknohk~$ Kskd zgxmgd Aomoro~mxro, xmk urk!gdhkukdhkdnk

N`djrk~~, zmgnm gdnl{hkh xmk ^`ngolg~x xrohgxg`d, moh ~xr`djlw rk~g~xkh ^osorforg~a$ Xmk

boxxlk zo~ i`gdkh ~``d ocxkr xmk ^osorforgxk conxg`d x``f n`dxr`l `c xmk Mgdh{ Aomo~obmo gd?7>:!>=$ Xmk Aow How aornm gd ?7>= zo~ oxxonfkh bw xmk Aomo~obmo gd U{dk$

Xmk ~`ngolg~x lkohkr D$J$ J`row zr`xk9 "Zm` oxxonfkh xmk Aow How ur`nk~~g`d0 Zm`o~~o{lxkh akd lgfk ^kdouoxg Bouox odh VJoiododQ Fodgxfor0 Zm` x`rk {u xmk Doxg`dol Cloj0

Xmk Mgdh{ Aomo~obmogxk~ odh xmk Mkhjkzor B`w~ hgh oll xmg~$$$$ Xmkw mosk bkkd xo{jmx x`

moxk xmk A{~lga~ gd jkdkrol o~ U{blgn Kdkaw D{abkr ?, x` moxk xmk N`djrk~~ odh gx~ clojzmgnm g~ ur`!A{~lga, x` moxk ~`ngolg~x~ odh n`aa{dg~x~ zm` ork odxg!Mgdh{g~a$$$$ Xmkw

mosk xmkgr `zd cloj, exmk Bmojzo*, xmk ~wab`l `c Aoroxmo ^{urkaonw$ Odh xmkgr lkohkr g~

nollkh eRo~mxro Hm{rkkd*, g$k C{kmrkr/" -N`djrk~~ ^`ngolg~x, Aow ?8, ?7>='$

^osorfor*~ u`lgxgn~ noak gd c`r ~kskrk nrgxgng~a gd Aomoro~mxro$ Bouox ~morulw nrgxgng~kh

^osorfor c`r mg~ ~l`jod "Mgdh{~xod Mgdh{ fo$$$" `d O{j{~x 22, ?788$ Olxm`{jm ~`ak mosk

rkukoxkh xmk Mgdh{xso lgdk `c ^osorfor*~ {dq{k~xg`dkh gn`dgn ~xox{~ gd Aomoro~mxro, gx zo~d`x onnghkdxol xmox xmkrk zo~ d` ^osorfor u`rxrogx gd xmk ^xoxk O~~kablw {dxgl ocxkr `dk zo~

ulonkh gd xmk Nkdxrol Moll `c Uorlgoakdx gd 255>$

N`djrk~~ hkckd~gskdk~~ gd xmk conk `c BIU!R^^!^mgs ^kdo xonxgn~ rkclknx~ gdxkrdol nmodjk~

~gdnk ?737 odh uorxgn{lorlw ~gdnk xmk Kakrjkdnw wkor~ -?7:;!::' zmkd xmk R^^ odh xmk

m``hl{a~ gd xmk W`{xm N`djrk~~ c`{dh n`dskrjkdnk~$ O~ o uorx!n`d~kq{kdnk aodw

N`djrk~~ akd odh z`akd d`z mosk lgxxlk fd`zlkhjk `c `r rk~uknx c`r xmkgr `zd lkjonw$

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^`ak c`rakr R^^ akabkr~ oxxogdkh gau`rxodx u`~gxg`d~ zgxmgd xmk N`djrk~~ uorxgn{lorlw

ocxkr ?7:?$ @dk c`rakr R^^ cgj{rk cr`a Aomoro~mxro zo~ Gdhgro Jodhmg*~ Nobgdkx

Agdg~xkr$ Gd n`dxro~x, xmk BIU z`{lh rk~krsk ~{nm u`~gxg`d~ c`r fkw ghk`l`j{k~$ XmkN`djrk~~ mo~ bkkd o~ rkohw x` ~mgklh ~`ak `c gx~ akabkr~ cr`a rk~u`d~gbglgxw gd xmk odxg!

^gfm rg`x~ `c ?7=8 o~ gx mo~ bkkd x` n`aur`ag~k `d xmk BIU*~ odh [ao Bmoroxg*~ ollkjkh

rk~u`d~gbglgxw gd xmk M{blg no~k$ Xmk Fordoxofo {dgx g~ bkgdj nrgxgng~kh zgxmgd xmk N`djrk~~c`r ~` a{nm o~ ~kxxgdj `{x ~`ak conx~ gd o dkz~uoukr ohskrxg~kakdx$

Xmk BIU*~ gdxkrdol nmodjk~ ork `c o hgcckrkdx `rhkr$ H{rgdj ?7:8!=8, ouur`}gaoxklw xmkukrg`h c gx~ xrod~a{xoxg`d cr a xmk Iod ^odjm, xmg~ jr`{u moh bkj{d x` xrod~gx cr a Mgdh{

doxg`dolg~a x` Gdhgod doxg`dolg~a$ Xmg~ hwdoagn zo~ rkskr~kh bw xmk Ohsodg jr`{u zgxm

ghko~ `c ^xoxk odh doxg`d hkrgskh ouuorkdxlw cr`a ^osorfor$ Xmk Mozolo no~k ~kxbonf x` xmk

Ohsodg jr`{u dknk~~gxoxkh o rkx{rd x` Soiuowkk$ Xmox ~krskh ol~`, onnghkdxollw `r`xmkrzg~k, nkrxogd n`olgxg`dol u{ru`~k~$ Xmk Ohsodg conxg`d*~ u`lgxgn~ d`z ~kkf~ rko~~krxg`d

`c h`agdodnk$

Xmk BIU*~ xrod~c`raoxg`d~ aow bk n`auorkh gd uorx zgxm xm`~k gd xmk Mgdh{ Aomo~obmoh{rgdj ?7>:!>= zmkd n`dxr`l uo~~kh cr a Uodhgx Aolosgwo x` ^osorfor$ Xmk J{iorox

fgllgdj~ -2552', xmk kd~{gdj n`skr!{u, xmk hg~xrgb{xg`d `c xrghkdx fdgsk~ gd Roio~xmod, odhxmk m`lh!{u `c Uorlgoakdx rkclknx xmg~ ur`nk~~$ Akhgo aodojkakdx, kskd ocxkr xmk DHO

J`skrdakdx hkagxxkh u`zkr, rkaogd~ od gdxkjrol, gc lgxxlk ~x{hgkh, uorx `c xmg~ ~xr{jjlk$

Xwugnollw, xmk [ao Bmorxg rku`rxojk zo~ `cxkd kn`d`agnol zgxm xmk conx~ `c xmk M{blg no~k,i{~x o~ xrghkdx!fdgsk~ zkrk hg~xrgb{xkh gd Roio~xmod zgxm`{x xmk akhgo urk~~gdj c r BIU

onn`{dxobglgxw, odh ^osorforg~a zo~ `cxkd hg~n{~~kh gd xmk ob~kdnk `c sgxol conx~ `r bw

xrgsgolg~gdj xmka$

O dkz~uoukr o~~`ngoxkh zgxm o m`{~k xmox moh ~{uu`rxkh Jodhmg*~ n`d~xr{nxgsk z`rf

ur`jroaak odh xmk crkkh`a a`skakdx khgx rgolgykh Vgd xmk n`dxk}x `c xmk ^osorfor

u`rxrogx n`dxr`skr~w gd 255>Q9 "Lkx @{r Gn`d~ Bk$" Loxkr xmkrk zo~ ~`ak rkn`jdgxg`d V`d

gx~ uorxQ `c xmk rkol g~~{k~$ B{x `dk `b~krskr aow d`x mosk bkkd ~{rurg~kh ox xmk gdgxgol

d`dnmolodnk$ VGd Ckbr{orw ?78=Q Olod Noaubkll!I`md~`d i`gdkh o l{dnm ox Bgrlo M`{~k o

zkkf ocxkr Jodhmg*~ o~~o~~gdoxg`d$ Hk~nrgbgdj xmk k}ukrgkdnk o~ "ola`~x kkrgk," mk zr`xk `cxmk n`dskr~oxg`d9 "Oll xmg~ onnkdx `d br`fkrojk G c`{dh gd ~xrodjk n`dxro~x x` xmk ~nkdk~ odh

~kdxgakdx~ gd xmk~k skrw r``a~ o zkkf oj`$" -Noaubkll!I`md~`d,Ag~~g d Zgxm

A`{dxboxxkd, Dkz W`rf, ?7=;, u$ 2=8'$

O jrkox hodjkr l{rf~ gd odok~xmk~go ohagdg~xroxg`d x` xmk doxg`d bw o akhgo ~` {drkclknxgsk

o~ x` urk~kdx ^osorforg~a akrklw o~ o aoxxkr `c bkgdj "hgcckrkdx" cr`a Jodhmg, odh ckorc{l

x` xmk u`gdx xmox kskd gd gx~ klknxr`dgn u{uukxrw gx loau``d~ Aoda`mod, Lol``, odhSoiuowkk b{x dkskr Ohsodg$

V Gdgxgollw u{blg~mkh gd Xmk Mgdh{ ! ^kuxkabkr ?=, 2558[RL9 mxxu9zzz$xmkmgdh{$n`a255857?=~x`rgk~255857?=5>:7?555$mxa

Z`rh~ gd ^q{ork bronfkx~ gd ~kn`dh lo~x uorojroum ohhkhQ

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Q