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I. GeographyA. Protected by mountains, but
separated from rest of Europe1. Alps
a. Kept out European invaders
2. Apennine Mountains b. Run length of Italy
B. Helped to control Mediterranean
The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic
II. The founding of RomeA. Started by group called Latins before 700’s B.C.
B. Settled on Tiber River1. Crafted jewelry
2. Made Pottery
3. Built sewer system
4. Pave roads
5. Drain marshes
6. Some Greeks settled in Southern Italy
7. Adopted Greek gods
III. A strategic locationA. Built on seven hills, 15 miles inland on the Tiber
B. Protected from invasion by sea, center of trade routes
IV. The Early Roman Republic
A. Romulus and Remus
B. Republic – form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
C. Senate – most influential and powerful body of the governmentA. In times of war a dictator could be named for six
months
D. Magistrates – elected officials
E. Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts
F. The Conflict of the Orders1. Patricians – wealthy landowners
2. Plebeians – farmers and workers
3. The Romans engraved laws onto the Twelve Tablesa. Put them in the public square for all to see
G. The Republic Grows1. The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict
discipline
a. Legionnaires – 4500 – 6000 soldiers
b. Auxilia – units of non-citizens
H. Earning loyalty1. Conquered peoples were granted limited rights
2. People from different parts of empire could purchase citizen ship
I. Rome Fights Carthage (in N. Africa)A. The First Punic War
1. lasted 23 years
2. Carthage was forced to give up Sicily
B. The Second Punic War1. Hannibal was defeated by Scipio
2. Carthage had to give up Spain and its navy
C. The Third Punic War1. Rome again defeated Carthage and became
supreme power in Mediterranean
Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion
Causes and Results of Punic WarsCauses and Results of Punic WarsCauses Results
First Punic War Carthage was afraid Rome would take Sicily; Rome was afraid Carthage would close the Adriatic Sea and Strait of Messina
Carthage asked for peace; had to pay reparations and give up control of Sicily
Second Punic War Hannibal invaded Italy Carthage asked for peace; paid Rome reparations and lost the Spanish colonies
Third Punic War Romans passionately hated Carthage. Rome declared war
Carthage was destroyed