The Roman Monarchy

TITVS LIVIVS

“Livy” (59 BC – AD 17)

Roman Historian

Ab Urbe ConditaFrom the Founding of the City

142 Books (35 are extant)

Periochae

(Summaries)

“The study of history is the best medicine for a

sick mind.”

-- Livy

Livy(Fictitious Portrait)

Moralist Emphasis on Rome’shumble beginnings

TITVS LIVIVS

Map Credit: Tataryn77

The Roman Empire

IN THE BEGINNING…

Source: http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/italy_218_bc.htm

PERIODS OF ROMAN HISTORY

Monarchy 753 - 509 B.C.

Republic 509 - 27 B.C.

Empire27 B.C. – 476

A.D.

SEVENLegendary

KingsA lot of archaic history is “based on a true story.”

ROMAN KINGS

THE ROMAN KINGS

Light Purple (NOT TESTED)

ElectedHereditary

INTERREGNUM“Between

Kings”

Legendary FounderHumble

Beginnings

ROMVLVS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfXgpem78kQ

Nicolas Poussin, The Rape of the Sabine Women

“Sobbin’” Women

https://www.youtube.com

Jacques-Louis David, The Sabine Women

How can I add some dignity to this office?

(Bodyguards) LICTORS

Symbol of Roman Power

Appropriated By:

Strength

Through Unity

Power of Life & Death

United States

Fascist Italy

FASCES

NVMA POMPILIVS

JANVS

Civil ReligionPeaceTemple of

JanusCalenda

r Reform

+ January+ February

SERVIVS TVLLIVS

A Legendary Miracle

The Servian Reforms

Unfortunate Family Life

fAIRNESS

What makes something fair?

EQUESTRIANS

Photo by 5telios

THE SERVIAN

REFORMS EQUESTRIANS

The Wealthy:1.Pay more taxes2.Have more

influence

Six Classes of

INFANTRY:

1. 80 Centuries2. 20 Centuries3. 20 Centuries4. 20 Centuries5. 30 Centuries6. One Century Photo by Paul Hudson

Rich Man’s

WAR

Rich Man’s

FIGHT Photo by Paul Hudson

FAMILY

Tarquinius Priscus

Servius Tullius

Tullia TulliaSON SON

V VI

SONTullia

Tarquinius Priscus

Servius Tullius

TulliaSON

V VI

SONTullia TulliaSON

I like his

brother better.

I like her

sister better.

SONTullia TulliaSON

Now, let’s kill my dad.

Uh…

“With Servius, true kingship came to an end; never again was a Roman king to rule in accordance with humanity and justice.”

-- Livy

LVCIVS TARQVINIVS SVPVRBVS

Understanding Roman Names

Praenomen

(First)

Nomen (Last)

Cognomen(Nickname)

TARQUIN “THE PROUD”

HARSHRuler

purges

Tarquin had his relatives and important senators killed so that they would not be a threat to him.

Photo by ~Brenda-Starr~

PATER FAMILIAS

EXTENSIVE

PATERNAL RIGHTS

(Family Patriarch)

vitae necisque potestas

I would never kill my kids, but it’s good to have the option!

Tarquin arrives late for a meeting…

Someone complains…

…and dies!

Jefferson on the Nature of

Revolutions

“Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed…

Jefferson on the Nature of

Revolutions

“But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.”

-- The Declaration of Independence

LVCIVS JVNIVS

BRVTVS

Tarquin’s nephew

SURVIVAL

Photo by: Charles Nadeau

“The first to kiss his mother...”

MEN

ROMAN HONOR

WOMEN

Virtue

Simplicity

Public Service

Military Service

Chastity

Simplicity

Good Children

Honor Husband

in the Public Sphere

The spark

A Violation of Feminine

Honor

Photo by Daniel Dionne

THE REVOLVTION

Sextus Tarquinius and Friends:

Who has the best wife?

Lucretia Non-Ideal

Ideal

Sandro Botticelli

The Story of Lucretia

RES PVBLICA

Senatus Populusque Romanus

“The Senate and the People of Rome”

“Commonwealth”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZ9SMVC8-C4