THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE BUSINESS AGENCY AS …tijoss.com/58th volume/I Nyoman TIJOSS Journal.pdf · the BUMDes Jalancagak. This study focuses the problem on: Role BUMDes Jalancagak

International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management 15th

December 2017. Vol.58 No.1

© 2012-2017 JITBM & ARF. All rights reserved

ISSN 2304-0777 www.jitbm.com

8

THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE BUSINESS AGENCY

AS CREATIVE ECONOMIC IMPLEMENTATION IN ORDER OF COMMUNITY

EMPOWERMENT OF VILLAGES OF CAGAK ROAD

SUBANG DISTRICT WEST JAVA PROVINCE

I NYOMAN SUMARYADI, ROMI SAPUTRA

ABSTRACT

"Rule the Village And You Rule The Country“, an adage that inspired the authors to examine

the BUMDes Jalancagak. This study focuses the problem on: Role BUMDes Jalancagak in the

implementation of the Creative Economy; Attempts were made BUMDes Jalancagak; Constraints

BUMDes Running Jalancagak in business.

The method used is a method descriptively by inductive approach the author in the sample using

a sample set aims (purposive sampling). The data collection techniques through interviews,

questionnaires and documentation.

Based on the analysis we concluded that BUMDes Jalancagak has been cast as the

implementation of the creative economy in order to empower villagers Jalancagak accordance

with Regulation Subang District No. 14 Year 2007 on Guidelines for the Establishment BUMDes.

Credit management BUMDes Jalancagak use banking management, especially rural banks and

credit is the most desirable BUMDes business community. Low BUMDes human resource officer

is the main limiting factor BUMDes in business management.

The authors suggest that the role of BUMDes Jalancagak as the implementation Creative

Economy village-owned Jalancagak maintained and further improved, because of the benefits

BUMDes has been strengthening revenue village, so the village Jalancagak able to independently

finance the activities of the village in order to realize the improvement of living standards and

maintain preservation of customs and culture of the people in order to empower villagers

Jalancagak.

Keywords: Implementation, Creative Economy, Empowerment

PRELIMINARY

The enactment of Law Number 23 Year 2014 on

Regional Government, (State Gazette of the Republic

of Indonesia Year 2014 Number 244, Supplement to

the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia

Number 5587), several provisions in Law Number 23

Year 2014 regarding Regional Government have

been amended by Government Regulation The

Substitute of Law (PERPPU) Number 2 Year 2014

on the Amendment of Law Number 23 Year 2014 on

Regional Government, has automatically replaced

Law Number 32 Year 2004.

With the enactment of the Act it is clear

that the philosophy of diversity is in unity. The

philosophy of diversity in unity has consequences of

widespread autonomy, real and responsible.

http://www.jitbm.com/





9

Similarly, granting autonomy to the village degan the

enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 About the Village

gives flexibility to organize and manage the interests

of the community. With the understanding that the

village has the authority to organize and manage the

interests of the community in accordance with local

socio-cultural conditions, the position of the village

that has native autonomy is so strategic that requires

a balanced attention to the implementation of

regional autonomy, because with strong village

autonomy will significantly affect the realization of

autonomy area.

In Law No. 6 of 2014, it is stipulated that

the rationale for governance of village governance is:

diversity, participation, indigenous autonomy,

democratization and community empowerment.

Empowering (empowering) according to Sadu

Wasistiono (2001: 71) is "an effort to make people,

groups or communities become more empowered so

as to manage their interests independently. What

should be underlined is to be more efficient and

manage their interests independently ".

In order to develop village autonomy, one

of the strategies pursued is through the provision of

sources of income. This strategy is based on the idea

that villages will not be able to run autonomy if they

do not have adequate funding sources (Autonomy

means Auto-money). Law Number 6 Year 2014,

especially Article 72 Paragraph (1) letter a which

reads "Village Income as referred to in Article 71

paragraph (2) comes from:

The original revenues of the Village consist of

business results, asset yields, self-reliance and

participation, mutual assistance, and other village

revenues; "This article has provided ample

opportunities for excavation of village income

sources. This is supported by the issuance of

Government Regulation No. 43 of 2014 concerning

the Regulation of Act No. 6 of 2014 on the Village,

Article 126 Paragraph (3) that "Village Community

Empowerment as referred to

villagemeetings, village social institutions, village

customary institutions, village BUMs, inter-village

cooperation bodies, village cooperation forums and

other community activity groups established to

support government and development activities in

general ".

Taking into account the nature of mutual

cooperation in community institutions in Subang

Regency to build the economy and life, before the

enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 About the Village,

Subang Regency Government has arranged the

formation of Village Owned Enterprises through

Regional Regulation Regional Regulation Subang

Regency Number 14 of 2007 on Guidelines for the

Establishment of Village Owned Enterprises

(BUMDes).

Jalancagak Village Owned Enterprises,

runs its function in the form of efforts towards the

potential utilization in the village, improving the

living standards of the village community and in its

activities support the development of the village as a

form of implementation of creative economy at the

village level.

The objectives of establishing a Village

Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) are:

1. To prevent members of the village community

from the effects of high-interest releases harmful

to society;

2. Increasing the role of Jalancagak villagers in

managing capital assistance from the

Government and Village Government and from

other legitimate sources;

3. Maintain and improve the customs of mutual

cooperation to love to order in an orderly,

organized, useful and sustainable manner;

4. Encouraging the growth and development of

economic activities of Jalancagak Village

communities;

5. Encouraging the development of informal

enterprises to absorb labor for the community in

Jalancagak Village;






10

6. Enhance the entrepreneurial creativity of

members of the low-income village of

Kawunganten.

To achieve the intended objectives,

BUMDes undertakes the following efforts:

a. Financial Services Unit: savings and loans

b. Other Service Units: Village Electricity, Village

Telecommunication, River Crossing, Lake

Tourism, Rural Transportation, Management of

Training Center and Manpower Skill, Rental

Building, Waste Management.

c. Market Units: Village Market Management and /

or Traditional Markets, distributors of 9 (nine)

basic commodities, suppliers and suppliers of

saprodi, fertilizers and seedlings / farms,

livestock, fisheries, fish auction management.

d. And other economic activities of the village.

Based on the explanation and

understanding on the role of BUMDes, there are two

indicators in the role of BUMDes, among others:

1. The expected trend of the existence of

BUMDes In Desa Jalan Cagak;

2. BUMDes position in strengthening the

income of Desa Cagak Village.

The empowerment of Desa Cagak

Village according to Subang Regency Regulation No.

14/2007 concerning Guidelines on the Establishment

of Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) article 3 that

"The purpose of establishment of BUMDES, among

others:

a) Increase Rural Original Income in order to

improve the ability of the Village

Government in the administration of

Government and Development and public

services;

b) Developing economic potentials in rural

areas to encourage the development and

development of the overall economic

capacity of villagers;

c) Creating employment.

This regulation is one of a series of active efforts so

that the condition and existence of the village of Jalan

Cagak can be sustainable and more robust so as to

play a positive role in development. The concept of

empowering Desa Cagakan Street will not be

separated from the concept of preservation of

customs in the village. Preservation of the Village

Road Cagak is an effort to maintain and maintain the

values of cultural customs of Subang community

especially the ethical, moral and civilization values

that are the core customs and traditions of the

community of Subang for its existence is maintained

and continues.

Speaking of the empowerment of Desa

Cagak Village, there are three indicators in it:

Community participation of Jalancagak Village;

1. The role of Village Head and Village Device of

Jalancagak;

2. Village Independence in terms of Original

Revenue Village.

Village Owned EnterpriseJalanak

Jalancagak Street was established on December 9,

2008. After almost seven years, the funds managed

by BUMDES Jalancagak continue to grow.

BUMDES as a Jalancagak Village Owned Enterprise,

annually the profits earned are handed over to Desa

Cagak Village as a village development fund.

Furthermore, the village development fund is used to

improve the welfare of the village community

through development activities, both physical

development and to finance community activities in

the village.

In the implementation of village

households, is inseparable from the problem of

funding or financing the household budget.

Jalancagak village in financing the household budget

comes from the Jalancagak Village cash obtained

from the original income of Jalancagak Village.






11

RESEARCH PROBLEMS

The research that has been implemented focuses on

the problems on 3 things, as follows:

1. How is the Role of Village Owned Enterprises

(BUMDES) Jalancagak in order to empower the

community of Jalancagak Village?

2. What efforts are carried out by BUMDES

Jalancagak as a creative economic

implementation in Jalancagak Village?

3. What are the obstacles faced by BUMDES

Jalancagak in carrying out its efforts?

RESEARCH METHODS

To apply scientific method in practice of research, it

is necessary to design a research that is adjusted to

the condition balanced with the in and dangkalnya

research in question. The author in this case using

Descriptive Method with Inductive Approach.

Nazir (1988: 63) states Understanding

Descriptive Method as follows:

A method of examining the status of a

group of people, an object, a set of conditions, a

system of thought or a class of events in the present.

This descriptive method aims to make description,

picture, or painting systematically, factually and

accurately about facts, nature and relationship

between phenomena being investigated.

While the Method of Inductive Thinking

by Faisal (2001: 7) is "the method of thinking where

the conclusions obtained from the results of induction

(the results of examining or gathering empirical facts)

then generalizations drawn which is a common trait".

In other words it is inductive to organize separate

facts or results into a generalization.

In this study took place in Jalancagak

Village Owned Enterprises, Jalancagak Subdistrict,

Subang Regency, West Java Province. In each study

the determination of data sources is very important

because the validity of the data obtained is very

dependent on data collection techniques that is from

relevant data. The data source can be understood as

the subject from which the data was obtained or the

subject to which the data is attached.

The data source consists of primary data

source and secondary data source.

Primary data is data obtained directly

from the field of respondents both population and

sample.

a. Population

Arikunto (1998: 115) puts the population

as "the whole subject of research" and in this study

the population is Pamasyarakatn Village Community

Tanjung Bungkak.

b. Sample

The author uses Purposive Sample in this

study, where according to Arikunto (1998: 117) that

"sample only certain people related to the problem

under study". The author only takes a portion of the

population that becomes the object of research

considered to represent the population. The samples

used in this research are differentiated on the way

data collection is used, namely Rusidi (1993: 64):

Informants are people who are able to explain

about other people or circumstances. Data

collection techniques used are interviews,

including village officials Jalancagak, Head of

BUMDes and officers and managers BUMDes

Jalancagak.

1. Respondents are people who can

explain about themselves. Data

collection techniques used were

questionnaires, covering the

Jalancagak Village community who

were both administrators and

customers at BUMdes and non-

customers, which amounted to 170

families or approximately 885

residents.

To determine the sample size of the

population is done by using the Slovin formula in

Husein Umar (2009: 78):

2Ne1

Nn

Information :

N = population size






12

e = % inaccuracy due to faulty retrieval

sample of 10%

n = sample size

Based on the above formula can be

calculated the number of samples from the

community served as follows:

2Ne1

Nn

2 (0,1)8851

885n

89,84n (rounded) = 90 people

So based on the above calculation, the

number of samples of 93 people with the following

details:

a. Informant: 3 people

b. Respondents: 90 people

Secondary data is obtained from a second source or

not a writer's findings but derives from official

sources made by the authorities. Examples are

documents, archives, statements, information, and

literature books that help complete the data in this

study.

Data collection techniques used are

divided into two: literature study and field research.

In the literature study the researchers studied

literature references and legislation relevant to the

theme of the study. This research is field research

(Field Research), that is researcher directly conduct

research in location of research object. Data

collection is done by technique:

Understanding the interview according to

Nazir (2008: 234), is:

Interview is the process of obtaining information for

the purpose of research by means of question and

answer while face to face between the questioner or

the interviewer by using a tool called interview guide

(interview quide).

Interviews are conducted by way of coming and

holding direct or face-to-face communication with

some of the respondents, who are deemed necessary

to obtain complete data or information.

According to Arikunto (1998: 139) the

questionnaire is "a number of written questions used

to obtain information, in the sense of a report about

his personality, or things he knows."

While Nazir (1988: 245) states that "this

questionnaire or questionnaire is often called a

questionnaire".

In this study documentation is necessary

for data collection by recording and viewing data in

any form from documents available closely to the

object of research.

Data analysis techniques used in this

study carried out qualitative, namely by way of

analysis of data and information collected in depth

and thorough. According to this qualitative analysis

sought the relationship between existing phenomena

based on data that has been collected and based on

the theoretical basis on which the analysis is based.

Analyzing the data in this research is done through

the following steps Nasution (2002: 129):

a. Data reduction

That is data that has been obtained in the field in the

form of detailed descriptions and reports while

analyzed. Reduced data provides a clear picture of

the results of the observation, also makes it easier to

search for Western data obtained when necessary.

b. Display Data

Namely the data obtained are made in the form of

tables in order to assess the overall picture,

furthermore to facilitate in making the right

conclusions.

c. Drawing Conclusions from Verification

To draw conclusions from each data obtained from

the original then verify the conclusion.

In analyzing the data from the results of

questionnaires that are quantitative, the authors use

the calculation of the average value. To determine the






13

average value, the data collected from respondents

(in the form of answers to the questionnaire) which

has 3 (three) categories of answers used ordinal scale

or tiered scale where something more or less than

others.

To find the average value then the value

obtained is from the product times between the score

with the frequency of respondents' answers divided

by the total number of respondents.

To calculate the data from the

questionnaire results first determined the score for

each answer as follows:

1. Answer a with value 3



Then to know or determine the categories

of respondents' answers from each indicator pertained

good, enough or less then first determined the

interval scale. According to Nazir (1988: 445) that:

K

RI

Description: I = interval

R = range / measurement distance

K = number of classes

So the interval scale:

I = 0,66

3

2

3

13

So obtained the following criteria:

a. Good category: 2,34 - 3,00

b. Medium category: 1.67 - 2.33

c. Low category: 1.00 - 1.66

THE ORETICAL BASIS

A. Understanding Roles

The role according to Grass, Mason and MC Eachern

cited in David Bery's book of principles in sociology

by David Bery (1995: 100) defines "the role of a

device of hope imposed on individuals or groups

occupying certain social positions." While put

forward by Soekanto (2002: 243), that "role (role) is

dynamic aspect of status (status), if someone execute

rights and obligations according to its position, then

he run a role".

Role means selling, acting. In a large Indonesian

dictionary the role is the behavioral device expected

to be possessed by people domiciled in society

(E.St.Harahap, et.al, 2007: 854) Whereas the

meaning of roles described in Status, Position and

Role in society can be explained through several the

first, the historical explanation. According to

historical explanations, the concept of the original

role was borrowed from circles who had close

relationships with drama or theater that flourished in

ancient or Roman times. In this case, the role means

the character carried or performed by an actor in a

stage with a particular play. Second, understanding

the role according to social science.

Based on the above two terms, the role is a device of

expectations imposed on individuals or groups to

exercise the rights and obligations that must be

implemented by the role holder as expected by the

community. Everyone has various roles that come

from the patterns of intercourse of his life. It also

means that the role of determining what he does for

the community and what opportunities the

community or society has given him.

A. Understanding BUMDES

In Law No. 6 of 2014 it is mandated that in

increasing the income of villagers and villages, the

village government can establish a Village Owned

Enterprise (BUMDes) in accordance with village

needs and potentials. In terms of planning and

formation, BUMDes is built on initiatives (initiation

of the community), and is based on cooperative,

participatory and emancipatory principles, with two

underlying principles, namely member base and self

help. This is important given that the professional

management of BUMDes is based on the willingness

of the community (member base), as well as the

ability of each member to be self-sufficient in

meeting their basic needs (self help), both for the

benefit of production (as producer) and consumption

( as a consumer) should be done professionally and

independently, Rahardjo and Ludigdo (2006, pp. 84).






14

As mentioned above that the establishment of the

Village Owned Enterprise because it has been

mandated that in increasing the income of the

community and village, the village government can

establish a village-owned enterprise. The pillar of

BUMDes is a socio-economic institution which is

really capable of being a commercial institution

capable of competing outside the village. BUMDes

as the economic institution of the people of

commercial institutions, first of all in favor of the

fulfillment of the needs (productive and

consumptive) of society is through the distribution

service of the provision of goods and services. This is

manifested in the provision of community needs that

are not burdensome (such as: cheaper price and easy

to get it) and profitable. In this case, BUMDes as a

Commercial institution, still pay attention to

efficiency and effectiveness in the activities of real

sector and financial institution (valid as MFI),

Rahardjo and Ludigdo (2006, p.84).

Key Features BUMDes with other Commercial

Economy Institutions, as follows:

1. This business entity is owned by the

village and co-managed together

The capital is sourced from the

village by 51% and from the

community by 49% through equity

capital (Shares or share)

Operationalization using a business

philosophy rooted in local culture

Fields of business run on the basis

of potential and market information

Benefits gained are demonstrated to

increase the member's (capital and

equity) capital through village

policies Facilitated by Provincial

Government, District Government

and Village Government.

2. Operationalization is jointly

controlled by BPD, Village

Government and Member) BUMDes

as an economic capital enterprise

institution built on community

initiative and adheres to an

independent principle. This means the

fulfillment of venture capital of

BUMDes must be sourced from the

community. However, it is possible

that BUMDes can apply for capital

loans to external parties, such as from

the Village Government or other

parties, even through third parties.

This is in accordance with legislation

(Law 6 of 2014 on Villages). This

explanation is very important to

prepare the establishment of

BUMDes, because the implication

will be in contact with the regulation

in the Regional Regulation (Perda)

and the Village Regulation (Perdes).

The purpose of establishment of BUMDes, is as

follows:

1. Improving the Village Economy

2. Increase Original Village Income

3. Improve management of village potentials in

accordance with community needs

4. Become the backbone of growth and equity

of village economy

Establishment and management of Village

Owned Enterprises is a manifestation of the

management of the village's productive

economy undertaken in a Cooperative,

Participatory, Emancipative, Transparent,

Accountable and Sustanian manner.

Therefore, serious efforts are needed to

make the management of Village Owned

Enterprise can run independently,

effectively, efficiently and professionally.

In order to achieve the objective of BUMDes is done

by fulfilling the needs (Productive and Consumptive)

of the community through the service of goods and

services that dikelolah by the community and village

government. This institution is also required to

provide services to non members (parties outside the

Village) by placing prices and services according to

market standards. This means that there is a mutually

agreed institutional mechanism, so as not to cause a

rural economic disorder caused by BUMDes effort. It

is stated in the law that BUMDes can be established

in accordance with village needs and potentials. What

is meant by "village needs and potential" are:

a. The needs of the community, especially in

the fulfillment of basic needs;






15

Available village resources that have not been

utilized optimally, especially the village's wealth

and there is demand in the market;

Available human resources capable of managing

business entities as assets driving the community

economy;

b. The existence of business units that are

economic activities

Community residents managed partially and less

accommodated; BUMDes is a vehicle to run a

business in the village. What is meant by "village

business" is a type of business covering village

economic services such as: financial services

business, land and water transportation services,

village electricity, and other similar businesses;

c. Distribution of nine basic economic goods

of the village;

Trading of agricultural products includes food

crops, plantations, livestock, fisheries, and

agribusiness; Industry and people's crafts.

d. The involvement of the village government

as the biggest shareholder of BUMDes or as

a co-founder of the community is expected

to be able to meet the Minimum Service

Standards (SPM), which is manifested in the

form of protection (protection) of adverse

interventions from third parties (both inside

and outside the village). Similarly, village

governments play a role in the formation of

BUMDes as legal entities based on the

prevailing rules of law, as well as in

accordance with agreements established in

village communities. Settings

With regard to planning and establishment,

BUMDes is built on community initiatives,

and based on cooperative, participatory,

user-owned, user-benefited, and user-

controlled principles, transparency,

emancipation, accountability and sustainable

with member-base and self-help

mechanisms. Of all that is important is that

the management of BUMDes must be done

professionally and independently.

BUMDes is a pillar of economic activity in the

village that serves as a social institution (social

institution) and commercial (commercial institution).

BUMDes as a social institution side with the interest

of the community through its contribution in the

provision of social services. While as a commercial

institution aims to seek profits through the supply of

local resources (goods and services) to the market. In

carrying out its business the principle of efficiency

and effectiveness must always be emphasized.

BUMDes as a legal entity, established based on the

prevailing laws and regulations, and in accordance

with the agreement developed in the village

community. Thus, the form of BUMDes can be

diverse in every village in Indonesia. This variety of

forms corresponds to the local characteristics,

potentials, and resources of each village. Further

regulation on BUMDes is regulated through a

Regional Regulation (Perda). As stated in Law

Number 6 Year 2014 on the Village that the purpose

of establishing BUMDes is, among others, in the

framework of increasing the village's original income

(PADesa). Therefore, each Village Government may

establish a Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). But

it is important to realize that BUMDes are founded

on community initiatives based on potentials that can

be developed using local resources and there is

market demand. In other words, the establishment of

BUMDes is not an instructional package coming

from the Government, provincial government, or

district government. If that is so worsened BUMDes

will run not as mandated in the law.

The task and role of the Government is to

socialize and raise awareness to the village

community through the provincial and / or district

governments on the importance of BUMDes for the

improvement of the people's welfare. Through the

village government the community is motivated,

awakened and prepared to build its own life. The

Government facilitates in the form of education and

training and other fulfillment that can facilitate the

establishment of BUMDes.

Furthermore, the operational mechanism is

left entirely to the village community. To that end,

the village community needs to be prepared in

advance in order to receive new ideas about

economic institutions that have two functions namely

social and commercial. By sticking to the

characteristics of the village and living and respected

values. The most appropriate preparation, therefore,






16

is centered on socialization, education and training to

stakeholders on improving the living standards of

rural communities (Village Governments, BPDs,

community leaders / ethnic leaders, rural institutional

leaders).

In this way it is hoped that the existence of

BUMDes can encourage the dynamics of economic

life in the countryside. The role of village

government is to build relationships with the

community to realize the fulfillment of minimum

service standards (SPM), as part of community

development efforts (development based community)

more empowered village.

A. Creative Economy

There are many economic terms, we may

often hear the term of creative economy and creative

industry. This term is often used in modern economic

education or business executives today. There are

many creative economy businesses that are often

occupied by entrepreneurs. Previously we esti know

the definition of the creative economy. The creative

economy is a concept in a new economic era that

intensifies information and creativity by relying on

the idea and breadth of knowledge from Human

Resources (HR) as the main production factor in its

economic activities.

Based on wikipedia, the free

encyclopedia, the creative economy is a concept in a

new economic era that intensifies information and

creativity by relying on the idea and knowledge of

human resources as the main factor of production.

This concept will usually be supported by the

existence of the creative industry that became its

embodiment.

Over time, economic development to the level of

creative economy after some time before, the world is

faced with the concept of information economy in

which information becomes the main thing in

economic development.

B. Community Empowerment

The terms "empowerment" and

"empower" are translated into empowering and

empowering languages, according to merriam

webster and oxfort english dictionery (in prijono and

pranarka, 1996: 3) contain two notions: first sense is

to give power or authority to, and second sense

means to give ability to or enable. in the first sense is

defined as giving power, diverting power or

delegating authority to another party. is in the second

sense, defined as an attempt to provide the ability or

empowerment.

The concept of empowerment is basically

an effort to make a fair and civilized humanity

become more structurally effective, both in family

life, society, state, regional, international, as well as

in politics, economy and others. empowering the

society according to kartasasmita (1996: 144) is an

effort to improve the dignity of society in the present

condition is not able to escape from poverty trap and

backwardness.

The community empowerment is a

concept of economic development that encapsulates

social values. this concept reflects a new paradigm of

development, which is "people-centered,

participatory, empowering, and sustainable. The idea

of development that prioritizes community

empowerment needs to be understood as a process of

transformation in the social, economic, cultural, and

political relations of society. the expected structural

change is a naturally occurring process, which

produces and should be shared. so also seJawa

Baratknya, who enjoy must be the produce. this

process is directed so that every effort of community

empowerment can increase the capacity of the

community (capacity building) through the creation

of capital accumulation that comes from surplus

produced, which in turn can also create income which

finally enjoyed by all people. and this process of

transpormation must be mobilized by the community

itself.

According to sumodiningrat (1999: 134),

said that the wisdom of community empowerment in

general can be divided into three groups: first, the

policy that indirectly leads to the target but provides

the basis for achieving an atmosphere that supports

the socio-economic activities of the community.

secondly, a policy that directly leads to increased

economic activity of the target group. third, the

specific policy that reaches the poor through special

efforts. Implementation of community empowerment,

according to kartasasmita (1996: 159-160), should be

done through several activities: first, create an

atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of

developing communities (enabling). second,

strengthen the potential or power possessed by the

community (empowering). third, empowering also






17

contains the meaning of protecting. herein lies the

point of departure that is the recognition of every

human being, every member of society, has a

potential that can always be developed. that is to say,

no society is utterly powerless, because then it will

easily become extinct.

Empowerment is an effort that must be

followed by still strengthening the potential or power

that is owned by every society. in order that it also

takes more positive steps other than creating a

climate and atmosphere. This reinforcement includes

concrete steps and involves the provision of inputs

and open access to opportunities that can make

people more empowered.

RESEARCH RESULT

To know the response of the Village

Community to the existence and role of BUMDES

Jalancagakdalam improve the economy of

Pamasyarakatn Village can be seen in the following

the fact and data analysis its shows the villagers'

assessment that BUMDES Jalancagak has a

significant role in improving the economy and

development of Jalancagak Village. The existence of

BUMDES has been able to realize the independence

of the Village in exploring the sources of income

Village. So that the village is able to finance the

implementation of village activities both religious

and customary activities without having to draw

contributions from the village community.

BUMDES Jalancagak position in Strengthening

Village Revenue

Village Revenue is used to finance the following

activities:

1. Implementation of administration and meeting of

village officials and village communities;

2. Development in the mental-spiritual field;

3. Guidance in order to assist in the development of

village businesses;

4. Assist development.

Village Community Participation in Village

Empowerment

Empowerment is a series of active efforts

that are closely related to the issue of potential

development of individuals or communities so as to

manage their interests independently. Community

empowerment according to Gunawan Sumodiningrat

in Nopirin (2012: 19) is as follows:

1. Preferably or prioritize those most in need;

2. Preparing for people who are prioritized in an

equalizing effort (Level Playing Field);

3. Protecting all development actors, especially the

priority-empowered community.

Village Empowerment will never be

separated from the problem of empowering the

village community itself. Because the village

community is a subject that plays an important role in

the process of village development.

Village Empowerment is a series of active efforts to

ensure the condition and the existence of village can

be sustainable and stronger so that it plays a positive

role in development. This conservation effort aims to

maintain and preserve the values of cultural customs

of West Java community, especially ethical, moral,

and civilization which is the core of customs and

traditions of the people of West Java in order to keep

its existence awake and continue.

Based on the data analysis in the field

shows that in the life of Jalancagak villagers the

Village Community's understanding of village

empowerment is still low because it has not been

widely socialized in the community. This is because

the concept of village empowerment is still new,

starting in 2014 so it needs to be further socialized by

both Subang Regency and Village management.

In accordance with the responses of

respondents in the research data, indicating that the

village community feel confident that they will be

involved in village empowerment. The excellent

response from the village community can be

concluded that although the village community

seldom hears and does not understand the concept of

village empowerment but the village community is

aware that they have an important role and will be

actively involved in empowerment, conservation and

development in Jalancagak Village. Because so far

these activities have never been separated from the

participation of the Village Community.

The role of Jalancagak Village employees

The role of village officials in the

empowerment of the village, especially the existence

of BUMDES Jalancagak is to carry out the village

gempur. In the village gempur arranged about the






18

existence of BUMDES as a container of village

wealth that has the potential to improve the economy

of the Village Community. The Village Officer is

entitled to supervise the management of BUMDES's

business through the establishment of the

Supervisory Board, since his position is chaired by

the Chairman of the Adat while the members are

three persons representing the Village Community.

Supervision on the performance of BUMDES

Jalancagak is internally conducted by the Village

Community through the Employees and Supervisory

Board that has been formed, while external

supervision is done by the Regional Development

Bank (BPD) of West Java and PBUMDES Kota

Subang as technical coaches BUMDES. Reports as

mentioned above are mandatory, meaning that if

BUMDES is negligent in carrying out its obligations

then BUMDES especially the board will be subject to

sanctions such as removal from office.

Village Independence from Jalancagak Village

Revenue Sources

One indicator of a village's ability is the

ability of the village to explore the sources of village

income so that the village can afford to finance its

activities without having to collect contributions from

the community and ask for help from the

government. To know the income of Jalancagak

Village and from which sources the income is

obtained, among Jalancagak Village income sources

that routinely support the village's original income

are as follows:

1. Development fund from BUMDES.

Jalancagak Village Revenues from 2012 to

2016 show that 77.8% comes from

development funds that constitute a balance

of 20% of BUMDES's profit annually;

2. Interest on savings. It shows that 11.1% of

Pamasyarakatn Jalancagak village revenues

are obtained from the excess funds saved by

the village in BUMDES Jalancagak;

3. Other legitimate revenues, obtained from

trade dues from the Village Mini Market of

2.26%, donation donations 4.3% and 1.4%

of village-owned tourism shops.

The result of the analysis shows that the

biggest income of Jalancagak Village is derived from

BUMDES business result in the development fund

which is submitted annually by BUMDES. The

second source of income is obtained from the

voluntary saving interest of the village. The data in

the table does not show the existence of Community

Revenue fee means BUMDES Jalancagak has been

able to realize the independence of the Village in

digging the sources of income Village.

Government Assistance West Java

Province and the Government of Subang to

Jalancagak Village is a form of coaching fund. This

means that the village is expected to be able to

independently explore the original sources of income

of the Village, without always being dependent on

government assistance. Help only once, but able to

create an independent village.

The businesses of BUMDES Jalancagak

BUMDES as a financial institution

belonging to Jalancagak Village as well as a

container of village wealth, has special characteristics

that distinguish with other financial institutions. The

difference lies mainly in the business activities of

BUMDES whose source of financing depends on the

funds of the Community. Understanding the effort

according to the General Dictionary of Indonesian

Language is "activities by mobilizing energy, mind or

body to achieve a purpose, work, (deed, initiative,

effort, effort) to achieve something".

The activities of BUMDES Jalancagak

In running its business as a Village

Owned Enterprise, BUMDES daily activities will not

be separated from the financial field. Just like other

financial institutions, BUMDES activities can be

simply said to serve all the needs of its customers.

Customers come and go as buyers of services as well

as sellers of services offered.

Until now the banking activities undertaken by

BUMDes Jalancagak are as follows:

A. Collecting Funds from Villagers

1. Saving Deposit,

Namely deposits in BUMDES

withdrawals can be made according to the agreement






19

between BUMDES with the customer and

withdrawal by using withdrawal slip and passbook.

One of the breakthroughs conducted by BUMDES

Jalancagak to raise the funds of Village Community

is done by issuing family saving package

(PAKTAGA). PAKTAGA is a savings package with

very low initial deposit amount starting from Rp

5.000,00 (five thousand rupiah) up to Rp

1,000,000.00 (one million rupiah) per month. With a

period of between 1 and 15 years. This program is

expected to educate the community to set aside some

of its income for the needs at a time.

Another breakthrough is to require the

Debtors (Credit Borrowers) to become customers of

Savings BUMDES. The amount of the mandatory

savings is at least 1% of the principal amount of the

loan or credit, but without interest.

In addition to the Family Savings and compulsory

savings packages, BUMDES Jalancagak also serves

the Village Community with Voluntary Savings. Low

initial deposit of Rp 10.000,00 (ten thousand rupiahs)

with interest rate of 1% per month, Voluntary Saving

is expected to attract the Village Community to save

their money in BUMDES Jalancagak

.

2.Deposits,

Represents deposits in BUMDES

withdrawal in accordance with maturity (maturity)

and can be withdrawn with a certificate of deposit.

The ability to collect funds by BUMDES Jalancagak

can be seen from the number of customers, either as a

compulsory savings account, voluntary savings or

time deposit customers (deposits).

Based on the results of the correspondent

in the field can be concluded that the village

community put a high enough confidence in the

existence of BUMDES, and BUMDES able to

guarantee the money they save in BUMDES either in

the form of savings and deposits. The result of the

analysis is able to explain the table that 4568

customers in the year 2014 exceeded the population

of Jalancagak Village, meaning BUMDES not only

able to attract the trust of the Village Community but

also able to convince people around Jalancagak

Village.

B. Disbursing Funds to the Community

1. Working Capital Loan

BUMDES Jalancagak distributes short-

term working capital loans to ornamental plants

sellers who are mostly migrants from Java. It is

hoped that this credit will help to develop the efforts

of the Village Community and migrant communities

living in Jalancagak Village.

2. Trade Credit

That is the credit given to the merchant

either the agents or retailers in the tour around

Subang regency. Most of these trade credits are used

by plastic bag sellers and grocery sellers who are

mostly migrants.

3. Consumer Credit

Credit used for consumption expenses or

for personal use. The village community of

Jalancagaksebagai as the largest debtors of this

credit, using BUMDES loan assistance to meet the

needs of the family, in addition the Village

Community utilize this credit to buy goods that can

support daily activities such as motorcycles and for

the cost of education.

4. Productive Loans

The productive credit customers in

BUMDES Jalancagak usually use the credit to

facilitate their business in the service sector ie

tourism transportation. The majority of Jalancagak

Village people depend on the tourism sector. To

facilitate the service in the field of tourism is a lot of

established tourism and villa stalls, which are usually

managed by the Village Community.

The obstacles faced by BUMDES Jalancagak in

running its business

The multi dimensional crisis at the end of

2014 has the most significant impact on the people of

West Java whose economic resources are based on

the tourism sector. BUMDES as an economic

institution at the village level that is engaged in

financial services is also not spared from the impact.

Competition with other banking

institutions around Jalancagak Village area such as

the existence of Rural Bank (BPR) and local private

Bank, is one of the factors inhibiting BUMDES

Jalancagak in running its business. However

BUMDES Jalancagak must still uphold

sportsmanship so that there will be a healthy

competition between BUMDES with the banking

institution.






20

The main obstacle factor in the

management of BUMDES Jalancagak based on the

interview with the Chairman of BUMDES is the low

quality of human resources officers, it is concluded

that the average level of education officer BUMDES

Jalancagak is at SMU level. This means that the field

of science BUMDES Jalancagak officers are still

general so it can not perform the task professionally.

Efforts by BUMDES Jalancagak In Overcoming

Obstacles

The effort of BUMDES Jalancagak to

overcome the obstacles of low quality of personnel

human resources is by improving the quality of

service through training and coaching both organized

by the Provincial Government of West Java as

technical coaches, BUMDES Kabupaten

(PBUMDESK) and BUMDES Provincial

(PBUMDESP) coach, so BUMDES officers are able

to run tasks professionally.

From the results of the interview can be

seen that the type of training that followed BUMDES

Jalancagak in the form of technical training,

especially related to management training BUMDES

management. The active party providing training and

coaching is the Government of Subang through

PBUMDESK, the Government of West Java

Province through PBUMDESP and West Java

Regional Development Bank. From the number of

representatives submitted by BUMDES for training

and coaching, it is seen that BUMDES is very

enthusiastic to improve the quality of its personnel

through training and coaching.

Increasing the quality of human resources

officers BUMDES Jalancagak significantly also will

affect the quality of services provided. Due to the

quality of good human resources will affect the

performance of BUMDES officers so as to manage

their business professionally. The increasing quality

of services provided by BUMDES Jalancagak, the

community will be more trust in BUMDES so

BUMDES Jalancagak will be able to compete with

other banking institutions.

Meanwhile, to overcome the economic

downturn of West Java is inseparable from the role of

government both the Government of West Java

Province and the Government of Subang City to

immediately take recovery measures, especially in

the tourism sector. However most of the Jalancagak

Village Community livelihoods in the service sector,

especially tourism, where the weak economy of

society will also affect the business BUMDES. One

effort that can be done by the Government to

immediately restore the economy of West Java is to

conduct investment advertising and socialization of

tourism to all over the archipelago and foreign

countries.

CONCLUSION

1. From the results of the research data analysis can

be concluded that shows the assessment of

villagers against BUMDES Jalancagak have a

big enough role in improving the economy and

development of Jalancagak Village. The

existence of BUMDES has been able to realize

the independence of the Village in exploring the

sources of income Village. So that the village is

able to finance the implementation of village

activities both religious and customary activities

without having to draw contributions from the

village community.

2. The efforts undertaken by the Village Owned

Enterprises will not be separated from the

financial sector, among others: 1. Collecting

Funds from the Villages, 2. Saving Deposit, 3.

Deposits Deposit, 4. Disbursing Funds to the

Community through: a. Working Capital Loan,

b. Trade Credit, c. Consumer Credit, d.

Productive Loans;

3. The main factor that hampers BUMDes efforts in

achieving the objectives is the low quality of

human resources officers. And efforts to

overcome obstacles is through training and

coaching programs provided by Subang Regency

Government and West Java Provincial

Government.

SUGGESTION

Based on the conclusions that have been described

above, the suggestions that can be given by the

research team are as follows:






21

1. BUMDes Jalancagak should be able to optimize

its role in realizing the independence of Desa

Pakraman through the strengthening of the

sources of income Village and the efforts

undertaken must remain oriented to improve

living standards of village communities

2. Credit disbursement should pay attention to

crediting procedures so that the credit disbursed

is not misplaced due to KKN practices between

BUMDes officers and the applicant as this will

increase the risk of non-performing loans.

3. In the face of the problems that occur and the

increasingly sharp competition, BUMDes should

take the following steps:

a. Trying to take advantage of the existing

opportunities that mean migrant

communities living around the Jalancagak

Village neighborhood are potential assets for

lending because most of them have

livelihoods as ornamental plants sellers and

tourist stalls requiring enough capital to run

their businesses;

b. Always strive to improve the quality of

personnel HR through training to achieve

effective and efficient produtivitas work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

1. Arikunto, Suharsimi, 2008, Prosedur

Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, PT

Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.

2. Kemdikbud, Tim Khusus, 2012, Kamus

Umum Bahasa Indonesia Edisi VI, Balai

Pustaka, Bandung.

3. Faisal, Sanapiah, 2011, Format-Format

Penelitian Sosial, PT Raja Grafindo

Persada, Jakarta.

4. Kasmir, 2012, Manajemen Perbankan, PT

Gramedia, Jakarta

5. Moleong, J.Lexy, 2008, Metodologi

Penelitian Kualitatif, PT Remaja

Rosdakarya, Bandung.

6. Nasution, 2012, Metode Research

(Penelitian Ilmiah), Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.

7. Nazir, Moh, 2010, Metode Penelitian,

Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.

8. Nopirin, 2012, Ekonomi Moneter Buku I,

BPFE, Yogyakarta.

9. Nugroho, Riant, 2011, Reinventing

Indonesia, PT Elex Media Komputindo,

Jakarta.

10. Roesmidi, 2013, : ”Filosofi Pemerintahan

Desa”, Jurnal Paparan Ilmu Pemerintahan,

STPDN Press, Jatinangor.

11. Rusidi, 2013, Pedoman Penelitian dan

Penulisan Karya Ilmiah, UPT. Penerbitan

IKOPIN, Bandung.

12. Smith, GR Terry, 2009, Prinsip-Prinsip

Manajemen, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.

13. Sumodiningrat, Gunawan, 2010, :

“Prakata”, dalam Riant Nugroho (ed),

Desenralisasi Tanpa Revolusi, PT

Gramedia, Jakarta.

14. Umar, Husein, 2009, Metodologi Penelitian

Untuk Skripsi dan Tesis Bisnis, PT Raja

Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.

15. Wasistiono, Sadu, 2001, Kapita Selekta

Manajemen Pemerintahan Daerah,

Alqaprint, Jatinangor.

B. Legislation

16. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014

Tentang Desa

17. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014

tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.

18. Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-

Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang

tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang

Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang

Pemerintahan Daerah.

19. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun

2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan UU no

6 Tahun 2014.

20. Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Subang Nomor

14 Tahun 2007 tentang Pedoman

Pembentukan Badan Usaha Milik Desa


Documents

THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE BUSINESS AGENCY AS …tijoss.com/58th volume/I Nyoman TIJOSS Journal.pdf · the BUMDes Jalancagak. This study focuses the problem on: Role BUMDes Jalancagak