THE ROLE OF THE POLISH UNIVERSITIES IN SHAPING A NEW MOBILITY CULTURE - ASSUMPTIONS, CONDITIONS, EXPERIENCE. CASE STUDY OF GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

THE ROLE OF THE POLISH UNIVERSITIES IN SHAPING A NEW

MOBILITY CULTURE - ASSUMPTIONS, CONDITIONS, EXPERIENCE.

CASE STUDY OF GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, CRACOW UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY AND SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY.

Romanika Okraszewska1

Katarzyna Nosal2

Grzegorz Sierpiński3

1Gdansk University of Technology (POLAND) 2 Cracow University of Technology (POLAND) 3 Silesian University of Technology (POLAND)

The role of the polish universities in shaping a new mobility culture

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Authors


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Assumptions

• the academic community is a significant group in the general population (nearly 5%),

• in large Polish cities, the participation of the academic community in the general population is up to 30% (see Table 1),

• students are a social group with a high willingness to adopt new ideas and make changes in lifestyle,

• knowledge and values gained in the educational process leaks into the public by people with higher education employed in various professions.


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Assumptions

The universities may influence the new culture of mobility on two levels: directly

and indirectly


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The proposal

The direct impact is a result of the educational function of the university

involving the transfer of the knowledge, values and attitudes to students and

employees


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The direct impact


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The direct impact

The academic community is a large group of participants in urban traffic, and

therefore their transport behavior has a direct impact on the characteristics of

urban traffic

The commercialization of the research results is also one of the ways of direct

influence on the transport behavior of the society.


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The direct impact


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The indirect impact

The knowledge and values gained in the educational process leaks into the public

by people with higher education employed in various professions.

In Poland, the academic centers are generally located in the central part of the city. Due to their location and the number

of the people, they are one of the major traffic generators and absorbers in the

city.


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Conditions:

The chosen mean of transport in home-university and university-home trips has

an impact on the overall modal split in the city. Therefore the implementation of mobility plans for the universities can

have a significant impact on the change in traffic in the cities they are located in (see

Table 2).


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Conditions:

Over 25 thousand students attend the courses in 9 departments at the Gdansk University of Technology. The University employs nearly 2500 people, 1200 of which are university teachers. The university campus is located in the city centre, close to the main road. Gdansk University of Technology can be reached by tram, bus, fast urban train (“SKM”), bicycle, car or on foot. Car is a quite popular transport mean used to travel to the campus.


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Experience:GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

The main activities that might have had an impact on the transport choices of the academic community concern:


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Experience:GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

• Campus Master Plan,• Mini-project: Bicycle-Friendly Gdansk University

of Technology. Time for a Change,• The concept of cycling infrastructure for Gdansk

University of Technology,• Investments in infrastructure and actions to

improve cycling on campus.


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Experience:SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYThe Silesian University of Technology is one of the biggest technical universities in Poland. Nine faculties of the Silesian University of Technology are located in Gliwice – the main seat of the University, and the remaining three in Katowice and Zabrze. Besides, lectures are held in Rybnik, Bytom, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Tychy and Sosnowiec, covering the whole area of Upper Silesia. The university educates about 30 000 students.


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Experience:SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Silesian University of Technology supports environment-friendly solutions through realization of various types of initiatives, such as educational and organizational activities, as well as the research and commercialization of its results.

Students learn the principles for the proper designing of sustainable urban transport systems.

University supports the usage of sustainable mobility means, especially bikes and public transport.


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Experience:SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Realization of the research projects

“Models and Methods for the Evaluation and the Optimal Application of Battery Charging and Switching Technologies for Electric Busses (CACTUS)”

“A platform to analyse and foster the use of Green Travelling options”


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Experience:CRACOW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYCracow University of Technology employs over 2000 staff and educates approx. 18 000 students every year. The university campuses are located in different city districts and the largest one, Warszawska St. Campus, is situated in the city centre on the border with a restricted car parking. Only employees and extra-mural students who have special permits can park at the university parking, however the shortage of parking lots is visible.


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Experience:CRACOW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

In 2005 in the framework of the EU CIVITAS CARAVEL project, the University, as a first institution in Poland, started to realize an integrated mobility plan.

Measures implemented within the mobility plan (1):•Carpooling system called “Let’s drive together”•New website “Info.Komunikacja” with information about sustainable mobility means and with the trip planner


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Measures implemented within the mobility plan (2):•The mobility consultant who advises employees and students and gives them personal information about travelling•New bike racks•Cost of parking in the university area was doubled •Informational, promotional and educational activities including workshops and happenings


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Results of the mobility plan implementation (2008):•Share of one – person car trips was decreased - for staff: from 45% to 41% and for extra-mural students: from 50% to 30% •Share of carpooling trips was increased - for employees: from 1% to 5%, for full-time students: from 0% do 7%, and for extramural students: from 1% to 17%•The number of staff travelling to the University by bike was doubled


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Educational, informational and promotional activities within the TraCit project “Improved co-ordination of integrated transport systems, and their development and operations, to achieve resource efficiency and CO2 reduction”:•Happenings, brochures, leaflets•Surveys about the willingness to change the current transport mode into the cycling and the factors influencing this change


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Conclusion:

Statistics show substantial share of the academic community in the general

population of the city.

Case studies confirm the need of shaping travel behaviors and the willingness of target groups to change their attitudes.


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Conclusion:

What is more, results of initiatives described above prove the validity of assumption that students are ready to

modify mobility habits.


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Conclusion:The lack of actions or temporary nature of

undertaken measures depends on the availability of funding resources. The

possibilities of getting EU funds for the new perspective as well as growing

awareness among university authorities allows to trust that mobility management

actions focused on the academic community will be more popular in the

future.


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Table 1. Academic community percentages of the general

population.

CityPopulation 1

[# people]

Students of higher educational institutions(public and non-public)located in the city2

[# people]

Employees of public higher educational institutions

(academicsand non-teachers)3

[# people]

Participation of the

academic community in the general population of the

city

[%]

Katowice 304 362 60533 nd 20

Kraków 758992 202420 nd 27Lublin 343598 90140 7993 28,5Łódź 711332 108579 nd 15

Szczecin 408172 102934 nd 25Trójmiasto 747476 100674 nd 13Poznań 548028 159419 nd 29

Warszawa 1724404 302656 19380 18Wrocław 632067 151756 12014 24POLAND 38 485 779 1 676 927 97 133 4,6

Source: Own study based on: 1- [19]; 2 - [20]; 3 – Wikipedia; nd – no data


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Table 2. Modal split in Polish cities..

Source: [21]

City Walk CarPublic transpo

rt Bike Sum:

Krakow 25 28 46 1 100Gdansk 21 39 38 2 100Poznan 13 40 43 4 100Warsaw 21 24 54 1 100

Wroclaw 19 42 35 4 100


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References[1 ]Green Paper, (2007).Towards a new culture for urban mobility, COM(2007) 551, Brussels.[2] Bonham, J., Koth, B. (2010).Universities and the cycling culture. [in:] Transportation Research Part D:

Transport and Environment 15(2), pp. 94-102.[3] Geryk, M. (2012). Społeczna odpowiedzialność uczelni. Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa. [4] (2013). Mobility management: The smart way to sustainable mobility in European countries, regions and

cities, EPOMM - European Platform on Mobility Management. Brussels. [5] Okraszewska, R. (2013). Budowanie wizerunku uczelni otwartej na światłe idee, zaangażowanej w poprawę

jakości życia w mieście. Pismo PG 3(181)/2013, pp.46-47.[6] Zrównoważony rozwój w Wyższej Szkole Europejskiej im. Księdza Józefa Tischnera w Krakowie,

http://www.sendzimir.org.pl/node/371 (data odsłony 17.03.2014).[7] Łysoń, P. (red). (2013). Higher Education Institutions and their Finances in 2012, Central Statistical Office,

Warsaw.[8] Nosal, K., Starowicz, W. (2010). Wybrane zagadnienia zarządzania mobilnością, Transport Miejski i

Regionalny, 3/2010, pp. 26-31.[9] Dokument roboczy służb komisji. Plan utworzenia jednolitego europejskiego obszaru transportu - dążenie do

osiągnięcia konkurencyjnego i zasobooszczędnego systemu transport. (2011). Bruksela. [10] Nosal, K. (2011) Przykłady planów mobilności i ocena ich skuteczności, Transport Miejski i Regionalny,

1/2011, pp. 31-36 [11] Bywalec, C. (2009). Ekonomika i finanse gospodarstw domowych, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN,

Warszawa.[12] Nosal, K. (2009). Mobility plan as a one of the instruments of the mobility management, Proceedings; 8-th

European Conference of Young Research and Scientific Workers – Transcom, Žilina, June 22 – 24, 2009, pp. 185 – 188.


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References[13] Nosal, K., Rudnicki, A., Szarata, A. (2011). Działania na rzecz redukcji emisji CO2 realizowane w ramach

projektu TraCit przez Politechnikę Krakowską, materiały niepublikowane konferencji TraCit Final Event, September 16, 2011.

[14] Cairns, S., Davis, A., Newson, C. & Swiderska, C. (2002). Making travel plans work: research report,http://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fabstracts.aetransport.org%2Fpaper%2Fdownload%2Fid%2F1480&ei=BP4RVJGYG4LnyQO464GYBQ&usg=AFQjCNEWY4kUfiKzY-Hz2JVJNte0y7absA&bvm=bv.75097201,d.bGQ (view date 10.09.2014)

[15] Mobility Management For University Campus, materials of CIVITAS ARCHIMEDES project, http://www.civitas.eu/sites/default/files/documents/ARC_MERT_83_F_DSS_University_Campus_Annex.pdf (view date 10.09.2014)

[16] Derby City Council. Travel Plan Success Stories, http://www.derby.gov.uk/media/derbycitycouncil/contentassets/documents/plans/travelplans/DerbyCityCouncil-TP-App4-Case.pdf (view date 10.09.2014)

[17] Celiński I., Krawiec S., Macioszek E., Sierpiński G.: The Analysis of Travellers Behaviour in the Upper Silesian Conurbation. The Archives of Transport, Vol. XXIV, No 4/2012, pp. 441-461.

[18] GREEN TRAVELLING: A platform to analyse and foster the use of Green Travelling options, Project Proposal, The ERA-NET Transport III: Future Travelling, October 2013.

[19] Central Statistical Office, (2014). Size and structure of population and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2013, Warsaw.


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THE ROLE OF THE POLISH UNIVERSITIES IN SHAPING A NEW MOBILITY CULTURE - ASSUMPTIONS, CONDITIONS, EXPERIENCE. CASE STUDY OF GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,