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The role of science to support healthy rural landscapes Louise (Wieteke) Willemen Department of Natural Resources, ITC Utwente. With examples from: Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University EcoAgriculture Partners, Washington DC Landscapes for People Food and Nature Initiative

The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

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Page 1: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

The role of science to support healthy rural landscapes

Louise (Wieteke) WillemenDepartment of Natural Resources, ITC Utwente.

With examples from: Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University EcoAgriculture Partners, Washington DC Landscapes for People Food and Nature Initiative

Page 2: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Science to support healthy rural landscapes

Linking research actors and tools to support landscape management

Today’s presentation1. What do we need to know and when?2. Who knows what?3. Are we on the right track? 

2

1. Trajectory thinking2.  Transdisciplinairy collaboration    3. Steps for action  

Page 3: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Rural landscapes

● Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ ecological systems)

● Expectations: food, energy, water, livelihoods, health, culture, cc mitigation, adaptive

● Landscape view: to capture and manage dynamics, synergies, and trade‐offs among multiple stakeholder interests and land units

Page 4: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

ES in healthy rural landscapes

People 

AgricultureFinancial mechanisms

Land and governance interventions (restoration,  farming practices, access, markets)

Well‐functioning ecosystems, nutritious food, generating income, benefit sharing

Landscape

Page 5: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Effective landscape measures

●Growing interest in landscape approaches to agricultural systems

● Exceed field level measures: collaborative multi‐actor process

● Change trajectory: costly, uncertain future outcome● Landscape interventions: process!

Page 6: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Landscape science

● Seeks to understand interactions between people and their environment on a landscape level 

● Multidisciplinary issues and reviews ● Spatial multi‐level character landscape ● Behavior and land management decision making● Future and past drivers of landscape change● Tele‐connections of land management

● Need for scientific guidance to support planning and management processes addressing multiple objectives

Rounsevell et al 2012; Sayer et al 2013; and Veldkamp, et al 2011, Sohl and Calggett 2013

Page 7: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Science to support healthy rural landscapes

To support planning and management processes addressing multiple objectives,

●What do we need to know and when?●Who knows what? (and has the tools)

Page 8: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Decision‐making

Assessment phase

Planning phase

Management phase

Decision makers

Iterative, non‐linear

Page 9: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Landscapes & Decision‐making

Assessment phase

Planning phase

Management phase

Decision makers

Biophysical system

Land‐use system Social system

Page 10: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Landscapes & Decision‐making

Biophysical system

Land‐use system 

Social system

Decision makers

Assessment phase

Planning phase

Management phase

Page 11: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Landscapes & Decision‐making

Biophysical system

Land‐use system 

Social system

Decision makers

Assessment phase

Planning phase

Management phase

Diverse contexts 

What is the current state of the landscape and its supply 

of ecosystem services?

What is the demand for ecosystem services from the 

different stakeholder groups?

What intervention options & locations could address 

societal needs?

What is the impact of interventions on different ecosystem service and beneficiary 

groups?

How to best implement and manage an intervention?

How to measure impact to support adaptive landscape management?

Page 12: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Science, Landscapes & Decision‐making

Assessment phase

Planning phase

Biophysical system

Land‐use system 

Social systemLandscape function 

assessment

Valuation and financing

Impactassessment

Management phase

Decision makers

Designadvise

Governance advise

Environmental economists

Sociologists

Geographers

Agronomists and foresters

Ecologists

Hydrologists and soil scientists

Social assessment

Tools and actors

ARIES, Co$ting Nature, EcoServ, InVEST, LUCI, 

MIMES, SolVES

Bayesian belief networks, Participatory methods, Who 

Counts Matrices

Citizen juries, Delphi surveys, PRA, PES, MES

LUC Scenario, ABM, IIA

Science pathway

Page 13: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Science to support healthy rural landscapes

● Are we on the right track?

Page 14: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Phase Landscape management question   Landscape science activityAssessment What is the current state of the 

landscape and its supply of ecosystem services?

Map and quantify ecosystem services

What is the demand for ecosystem services from the different stakeholder groups?

Provide a framework to support a common understanding of the concept of ecosystem services as landscape benefits

Assess stakeholder needs and valuesPlanning  What intervention options or 

scenarios could address societal needs?

Evaluate and define relevant landscape interventions and scenarios in space and time

What is the impact of interventions on different ecosystem service and beneficiary groups?

Perform and evaluate integrated impact assessments, highlight tradeoffs and synergies

Provide guideline support decision making of the selectionmost desirable landscape intervention or scenario

Management How to best implement and manage an intervention?

Provide guidelines for spatial targeting and timing of interventions or investments

Provide guidelines to design adequate governance systems

How to measure impact to support adaptive landscape management?

Provide metrics and guidelines to monitor and evaluate change

But should we evaluate science, as a science pathway?

Page 15: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Science to support rural landscapesthrough research and practice

● Science‐ land management pathways● Accurate spatial and temporal methods and data● Linking individual approaches & actors; challenging reality● Joint research program? Who decides? Standards?

● Support effective landscape interventions● Prescriptive guidelines for landscape management● Evidence for enabling organizations (legal, markets, finance)● Need for a ‘Science of Implementation’ ?

● Facilitation (“Landscapes are difficult”)● Reduce risks, costs● Facilitate communication, research and landscape actors

research and management approaches that cross boundaries

Thank you.

Page 16: The role of science to support healthy rural landscapesRural landscapes Landscapes: areas continuously shaped by humans and nature (social‐ecological systems) Expectations: food,

Premises of healthy landscapes

●Diverse landscape provide more ES vs simplified ones

● Build ES management in into agricultural practices●Help people within capture benefits from ES