The Role of Prophecy in The Role of Prophecy in Christian ApologeticsChristian Apologetics

John Oakes, PhDJohn Oakes, PhDApologetics Research Apologetics Research

SocietySociety9/6/089/6/08

OutlineOutline

Introduction to Prophecy as ApologeticsIntroduction to Prophecy as Apologetics Prophecies of the Near FutureProphecies of the Near Future Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled in the Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled in the

Old TestamentOld Testament Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled Between Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled Between

the Testamentsthe Testaments Daniel!!!Daniel!!!

Messianic PropheciesMessianic Prophecies Prophecies of the KingdomProphecies of the Kingdom Types, Prefigures and ForeshadowsTypes, Prefigures and Foreshadows

Required ReadingRequired Reading

Reasons For Belief chapters 4,5Reasons For Belief chapters 4,5

Daniel, Prophet to the Nations chapters 1,7-Daniel, Prophet to the Nations chapters 1,7-1313

From Shadow to RealityFrom Shadow to Reality

Extra Credit (on approval)Extra Credit (on approval)

Grading (if you are getting credit)Grading (if you are getting credit)

The Reading 30%The Reading 30%

Quiz 10%Quiz 10%

Exam 30%Exam 30%

Paper 30% A research paper of 5 or more Paper 30% A research paper of 5 or more pages on a special topic of your choice.pages on a special topic of your choice.

I. I. Introduction to Prophecy as Introduction to Prophecy as ApologeticsApologetics

Defending the FaithDefending the Faith

History and ArchaeologyHistory and Archaeology

How We Got the Bible How We Got the Bible (including response to (including response to form criticism, etc.)form criticism, etc.)

ScienceScience

Contradictions in the Contradictions in the BibleBible

Creating FaithCreating Faith

World ViewWorld View

ProphecyProphecy

Miracles/Miracles/ResurrectionResurrection

Claims of JesusClaims of Jesus

Prophecy as ApologeticsProphecy as Apologetics

Outline of Gospel Sermons in Acts:Outline of Gospel Sermons in Acts:

Jesus fulfilled the OT prophecies of the coming Jesus fulfilled the OT prophecies of the coming Messiah: He is the Messiah.Messiah: He is the Messiah.

Jesus worked undeniable public miracles: He is the Jesus worked undeniable public miracles: He is the Son of God.Son of God.

Jesus willingly died on the cross for OUR sins: He is Jesus willingly died on the cross for OUR sins: He is savior.savior.

Jesus was raised from the dead: Judgment is coming.Jesus was raised from the dead: Judgment is coming.

Repent and be baptized.Repent and be baptized.

The Biblical ProphetThe Biblical Prophet

One who announces the righteousness, the One who announces the righteousness, the justice and the love of God. He or she calls justice and the love of God. He or she calls people into a relationship with God through a people into a relationship with God through a call to repentance. Their message was doom for call to repentance. Their message was doom for the unrepentant and grace and blessing for those the unrepentant and grace and blessing for those who act justly and repent of their sin.who act justly and repent of their sin.

A forth-teller; thus says the Lord A forth-teller; thus says the Lord Aaron was Moses’ prophet.Aaron was Moses’ prophet.

For us: a fore-teller; a predictor of future events. For us: a fore-teller; a predictor of future events. Historical prophecy. Predictive prophecy. Historical prophecy. Predictive prophecy.

The Purpose of (Predictive) The Purpose of (Predictive) ProphecyProphecy

WarningWarning Jer 25:8-14, Deut 28:45-48 Deut 28:58fJer 25:8-14, Deut 28:45-48 Deut 28:58f

EncouragementEncouragement Deut 30:1-5 Daniel 7:26-27 Isaiah 2:2-4Deut 30:1-5 Daniel 7:26-27 Isaiah 2:2-4

To demonstrate that God is in control: God To demonstrate that God is in control: God Rules the NationsRules the Nations Daniel, RevelationDaniel, Revelation

Evidence of new revelation from God—that Evidence of new revelation from God—that what is said is inspired by God.what is said is inspired by God. Luke 24:44 Daniel 2:46-47Luke 24:44 Daniel 2:46-47

Other Prophets?Other Prophets?

Oracles of DelphiOracles of Delphi CroesusCroesus AlexanderAlexander

Nostradamus Henry IINostradamus Henry IIThe great man will be struck down in the day by a thunderbolt,The great man will be struck down in the day by a thunderbolt,The evil deed predicted by the bearer of a petition:The evil deed predicted by the bearer of a petition:According to the prediction, another falls at night,According to the prediction, another falls at night,Conflict in Reims, London and pestilence in Tuscany (Century I Conflict in Reims, London and pestilence in Tuscany (Century I

Quatrain 27)Quatrain 27) Jean Dixon JFKJean Dixon JFK The pattern: Not terrifically surprising or very vagueThe pattern: Not terrifically surprising or very vague Islam?Islam?

Does a Prophecy Have a Unique Does a Prophecy Have a Unique Application?Application?

Isaiah 7:13-17 About Ahaz or Jesus?Isaiah 7:13-17 About Ahaz or Jesus?

Genesis 49:9-11 About Judah or Jesus?Genesis 49:9-11 About Judah or Jesus?

Ezekiel 11:16-20 About return from exile or the Ezekiel 11:16-20 About return from exile or the church?church?

Hosea 11:1 (Matthew 2:15) About Israel or about Hosea 11:1 (Matthew 2:15) About Israel or about Jesus?Jesus?

Matthew 24:4-44 About AD 70 or the return of Jesus?Matthew 24:4-44 About AD 70 or the return of Jesus?

Assignment: Analyze Zechariah 14 How does it Assignment: Analyze Zechariah 14 How does it apply?apply?

How to Interpret Prophecy?How to Interpret Prophecy?

Let History do that for us. After the factLet History do that for us. After the fact The ten toes in Daniel 2 are not the 10 countries of The ten toes in Daniel 2 are not the 10 countries of

the EUthe EU

Let the Bible do it for us. Let the Bible do it for us. Matthew 24:15 “spoken through the prophet Daniel”Matthew 24:15 “spoken through the prophet Daniel” Matthew 4:14-16 “Land of Zebulun and land of Matthew 4:14-16 “Land of Zebulun and land of

Naphtali”Naphtali” Matthew 2:6,15,17, 3:3 Bethlehem, Egypt, the desertMatthew 2:6,15,17, 3:3 Bethlehem, Egypt, the desert Matthew 12:39-41 The sign of JonahMatthew 12:39-41 The sign of Jonah Galatians 4:24 “These things can be taken Galatians 4:24 “These things can be taken

figuratively”figuratively”

The folly of interpreters has been, to foretell times and things, by this Prophecy, as if God designed to make them Prophets. By this rashness they have not only exposed themselves, but brought the Prophecy also into contempt. The design of God was much otherwise. He gave this and the Prophecies of the Old Testaments, not to gratify men's curiosities by enabling them to foreknow things, but that after they were fulfilled they might be interpreted by the event; and his own Providence, not the interpreters, be then manifested thereby to the world. For the event of things predicted many ages before, will then be a convincing argument that the world is governed by providence.[7]

Sir Isaac Newton

Old Testament Apologetics: Short Term Old Testament Apologetics: Short Term ProphecyProphecy

Deuteronomy 18:21-22Deuteronomy 18:21-22 ““You may say to yourselves, ‘How can we know when You may say to yourselves, ‘How can we know when

a message has not been spoken by the Lord?’ If what a message has not been spoken by the Lord?’ If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the Lord does not a prophet proclaims in the name of the Lord does not take place or come true, that is a message the Lord take place or come true, that is a message the Lord has not spoken. That prophet spoke presumptuously. has not spoken. That prophet spoke presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him. Do not be afraid of him.

But…. Deuteronomy 13:1-3But…. Deuteronomy 13:1-3 ……if the sign or wonder of which he spoke takes place, if the sign or wonder of which he spoke takes place,

and he says “Let us follow other gods…” you must and he says “Let us follow other gods…” you must not listen to the words of that prophet or dreamer.not listen to the words of that prophet or dreamer.

Short Term Prophecy: Proof of a Short Term Prophecy: Proof of a ProphetProphet

Presumably, most short term prophecies are Presumably, most short term prophecies are NOT recorded.NOT recorded.

1 Kings 20:28………..1 Kings 20:29-301 Kings 20:28………..1 Kings 20:29-30 1 Kings 20:36………..1 Kings 20:361 Kings 20:36………..1 Kings 20:36 1 Kings 21:19………..1 Kings 22:371 Kings 21:19………..1 Kings 22:37 1 Kings 21:23………..2 Kings 9:32-371 Kings 21:23………..2 Kings 9:32-37 1 Kings 22:1-28……...1 Kings 22:31-361 Kings 22:1-28……...1 Kings 22:31-36 2 Kings 7:1-2………...2 Kings 7:17-202 Kings 7:1-2………...2 Kings 7:17-20 2 Kings 19:5-7……….2 Kings 19:372 Kings 19:5-7……….2 Kings 19:37 Is 37:33-35, 2 Kings 19:32-34…..Is 37:36-37, 2 Is 37:33-35, 2 Kings 19:32-34…..Is 37:36-37, 2

Kings 19:35-36Kings 19:35-36

Short Term Prophecy (cont.)Short Term Prophecy (cont.)

Jeremiah 27:1-11……….2 Kings 25:1-7Jeremiah 27:1-11……….2 Kings 25:1-7 Jeremiah 28:1-16……….Jeremiah 28:17Jeremiah 28:1-16……….Jeremiah 28:17 Jeremiah 32:6-8, 42-44 Once more fields Jeremiah 32:6-8, 42-44 Once more fields

will be boughtwill be bought Daniel 4:24-27 You will be driven away from Daniel 4:24-27 You will be driven away from

people... Daniel 4:28-37 All this people... Daniel 4:28-37 All this happened to King Nebuchadnezzar.happened to King Nebuchadnezzar.

Acts 11:27-28 AgabusActs 11:27-28 Agabus

Jesus and Short Term PropheciesJesus and Short Term Prophecies

John 2:19 “Destroy this temple and I will raise it in John 2:19 “Destroy this temple and I will raise it in three days.”three days.”

Matthew 26:34 Before the rooster crows…. Matthew 26:34 Before the rooster crows…. Matthew26:74Matthew26:74

Acts 1:4-5 “In a few days you will be baptized with Acts 1:4-5 “In a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.the Holy Spirit.

Luke 21:20-24 “When you see Jerusalem Luke 21:20-24 “When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that its surrounded by armies, you will know that its desolation is near.”desolation is near.”

The Flight to PellaThe Flight to Pella

"The whole body, however, of the church at Jerusalem, "The whole body, however, of the church at Jerusalem, having been commanded by a divine revelation, given to having been commanded by a divine revelation, given to men of approved piety there before the war, removed men of approved piety there before the war, removed from the city, and dwelt at a certain town beyond the from the city, and dwelt at a certain town beyond the Jordan, called Pella. Here those that believed in Christ, Jordan, called Pella. Here those that believed in Christ, having removed from Jerusalem, as if holy men had having removed from Jerusalem, as if holy men had entirely abandoned the royal city itself, and the whole entirely abandoned the royal city itself, and the whole land of Judea; the divine justice, for their crimes against land of Judea; the divine justice, for their crimes against Christ and his apostles finally overtook them, totally Christ and his apostles finally overtook them, totally destroying the whole generation of these evildoers form destroying the whole generation of these evildoers form the earth. (Eusebius, 3:5.)the earth. (Eusebius, 3:5.)

"Now this sect of Nazarenes exists in Beroea in Coele-"Now this sect of Nazarenes exists in Beroea in Coele-Syria, and in Decapolis in the district of Pella, and in Syria, and in Decapolis in the district of Pella, and in Kochaba of Basanitis-- called Kohoraba in Hebrew. For Kochaba of Basanitis-- called Kohoraba in Hebrew. For thence it originated after the migration from Jerusalem thence it originated after the migration from Jerusalem of all the disciples who resided at Pella, Christ having of all the disciples who resided at Pella, Christ having instructed them to leave Jerusalem and retire from it on instructed them to leave Jerusalem and retire from it on account of the impending siege. It was owing to this account of the impending siege. It was owing to this counsel that they went away, as I have said, to reside for counsel that they went away, as I have said, to reside for a while at Pella" (a while at Pella" (HaerHaer 29:7). 29:7).

Old Testament Prophecies Being Old Testament Prophecies Being Fulfilled TodayFulfilled Today

Hmmm….. Can’t think of anyHmmm….. Can’t think of any

OT Prophecies Fulfilled in the OTOT Prophecies Fulfilled in the OT

Genesis 12:2-3,7Genesis 12:2-3,7 ““I will make you into a great nation.” “To your offspring I I will make you into a great nation.” “To your offspring I

will give this land.”will give this land.”

Genesis 15:4-5 Genesis 15:4-5 “… “… count the stars… so shall your offspring be”count the stars… so shall your offspring be”

Genesis 17:5-8Genesis 17:5-8 ““Father of many nations” Arabs [Ishmael], Edom [Esau], Father of many nations” Arabs [Ishmael], Edom [Esau],

IsraelIsrael ““I will establish an everlasting covenant between me and I will establish an everlasting covenant between me and

you”you” ““The whole land of Canaan… as an everlasting possession.The whole land of Canaan… as an everlasting possession.

Genesis 49 (the whole thing!)Genesis 49 (the whole thing!)

Genesis 49:8-11Genesis 49:8-11Judah, your brothers will praise you;Judah, your brothers will praise you;Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies;Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies;Your father’s sons will bow down to youYour father’s sons will bow down to you

The scepter will not depart from Judah,The scepter will not depart from Judah,Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet,Until he comes to whom it belongsUntil he comes to whom it belongsAnd the obedience of the nations is his.And the obedience of the nations is his.He will tether his donkey to a vine,He will tether his donkey to a vine,His colt to the choicest branchHis colt to the choicest branchHe will wash his garments in wine,He will wash his garments in wine,His robes in the blood of grapes.His robes in the blood of grapes.

Deuteronomy 28, 30Deuteronomy 28, 30 28:36-37 “The Lord will drive you and the king you set 28:36-37 “The Lord will drive you and the king you set

over you to a nation unknown to you or your fathers. over you to a nation unknown to you or your fathers. There you will worship other gods, gods of wood and There you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone. You will become a thing of horror and an object stone. You will become a thing of horror and an object of scorn and ridicule to all the nations where the Lord of scorn and ridicule to all the nations where the Lord will drive you.”will drive you.”

28:49-57 28:49-57 Lamentations 4:10 With their own hands compassionate Lamentations 4:10 With their own hands compassionate

women have cooked their own children, who became their women have cooked their own children, who became their food when my people were destroyed.food when my people were destroyed.

28:64,68 The Lord will scatter you among all nations. 28:64,68 The Lord will scatter you among all nations. The Lord will send you back in ships to EgyptThe Lord will send you back in ships to Egypt

30:3-5 The Lord will… gather you again from all the 30:3-5 The Lord will… gather you again from all the nations where he scattered you.nations where he scattered you.

Joshua 6:26 He who rebuilds Jericho will do so Joshua 6:26 He who rebuilds Jericho will do so at the cost of his firstborn and his youngest son. at the cost of his firstborn and his youngest son. ……. 1 Kings16:34……. 1 Kings16:34

Isaiah 39:3-7 and 2 Kings 20:16-18Isaiah 39:3-7 and 2 Kings 20:16-18Fulfilled in Daniel 1:3-7 Daniel, Shadrach, Fulfilled in Daniel 1:3-7 Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and AbednegoMeshach and Abednego

Jeremiah 25:8-14Jeremiah 25:8-14 ““I will summon Nebuchadnezzar…I will banish from them I will summon Nebuchadnezzar…I will banish from them

the sounds of joy… This whole country…. will serve the the sounds of joy… This whole country…. will serve the king of Babylon seventy years. But when the seventy king of Babylon seventy years. But when the seventy years are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon.years are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon.

Daniel 5Daniel 5 Jeremiah 29:8-14Jeremiah 29:8-14

When 70 years are completed for Babylon… I will gather When 70 years are completed for Babylon… I will gather you from all the nations and places where I have you from all the nations and places where I have banished you.banished you.

70 years Daniel 9:1-270 years Daniel 9:1-2 605 BC to 536 BC Captives taken….Captives return605 BC to 536 BC Captives taken….Captives return 586 BC to 516 BC Temple destroyed….. Temple 586 BC to 516 BC Temple destroyed….. Temple

rebuiltrebuilt

Isaiah 44:28-45:7, 13 About 730 Isaiah 44:28-45:7, 13 About 730 BCBC

Who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd…Who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd…He will say to Jerusalem, “Let it be rebuilt.”He will say to Jerusalem, “Let it be rebuilt.”And of the temple, “Let its foundations be laid.”And of the temple, “Let its foundations be laid.”This is what the Lord says to This is what the Lord says to his annointedhis annointedto Cyrus, whose right hand I take hold ofto Cyrus, whose right hand I take hold ofto subdue nations before him…to subdue nations before him…to open doors before him so that gates will not shut…to open doors before him so that gates will not shut………I call you by name and bestow on you a title of honorI call you by name and bestow on you a title of honorthough you do not acknowledge me….though you do not acknowledge me….I will raise up Cyrus in my righteousnessI will raise up Cyrus in my righteousnessI will make all his ways straightI will make all his ways straightHe will rebuild my city and set my exiles free.He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free.

Fulfilled in 2 Chron 36:23 538 BC War of 1812Fulfilled in 2 Chron 36:23 538 BC War of 1812

The Cyrus Cyllinder: Fulfilling Isaiah The Cyrus Cyllinder: Fulfilling Isaiah 44:2844:28

…I returned to [these] sacred cities on the other side of the Tigris, the sanctuaries of which have been in ruins for a long time, the images which [used] to live therein and established for them permanent sanctuaries. I [also] gathered all their [former] inhabitants and returned [to them] their habitations. Furthermore, I resettled upon the command of Marduk the great lord, all the gods of Sumer and Akkad whom Nabonidus has brought into Babylon to the anger of the lord of the gods, unharmed, in their [former] chapels, the places which made them happy. May all the gods whom I have resettled in their sacred cities ask daily Bel and Nebo for long life for me and may they recommend me…to Marduk, my lord, may they say thus: Cyrus, the king who worships you and Cambyses, his son…all of them I settled in a peaceful place.

Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled Old Testament Prophecies Fulfilled Between the TestamentsBetween the Testaments

Ezekiel 26:3-14 Tyre.Ezekiel 26:3-14 Tyre. v. 3 I will bring many nations against youv. 3 I will bring many nations against you v. 4 I will scrape away her rubble and make her a v. 4 I will scrape away her rubble and make her a

bare rock.bare rock. v. 5 She will become a place to spread fishnets.v. 5 She will become a place to spread fishnets. v. 6 Her settlements on the mainland will be v. 6 Her settlements on the mainland will be

ravaged by the sword.ravaged by the sword. v. 7 (specifically) Nebuchadnezzar will do this.v. 7 (specifically) Nebuchadnezzar will do this. v. 12 They will… throw your stones, timber and v. 12 They will… throw your stones, timber and

rubble into the sea.rubble into the sea. v. 14 It will never be rebuiltv. 14 It will never be rebuilt

Fulfillment of Ezekiel 26Fulfillment of Ezekiel 26

Nebuchadnezzar takes Nebuchadnezzar takes mainland Tyre onlymainland Tyre only after a siege of 13 years 586-573 BCafter a siege of 13 years 586-573 BC

Alexander attacks Tyre in 332 BC, building a Alexander attacks Tyre in 332 BC, building a causeway to the island of Tyre using the rubble causeway to the island of Tyre using the rubble from Old Tyre.from Old Tyre.

Tyre attached again and again by Seleucids, Tyre attached again and again by Seleucids, Romans, Arabs, Crusaders, finally ceasing to Romans, Arabs, Crusaders, finally ceasing to exist as a city on the original site.exist as a city on the original site.

Site of Ancient Tyre Today

TyreTyre

Secular historian Philip Myers in his Secular historian Philip Myers in his history textbook:history textbook:

““Alexander the Great reduced it [Tyre] Alexander the Great reduced it [Tyre] to ruins. She recovered in a measure to ruins. She recovered in a measure from this blow, but never regained the from this blow, but never regained the place she had previously held in the place she had previously held in the world. The larger part of the site of world. The larger part of the site of the once great city is no bare as the the once great city is no bare as the top of a rock—a place where the top of a rock—a place where the fishermen that still frequent the spot fishermen that still frequent the spot spread their nets to dry.”spread their nets to dry.”

Daniel, Prophet Daniel, Prophet to the Nationsto the Nations

Theme of Daniel:Theme of Daniel:

God Rules the Nations: Do Not Fear!God Rules the Nations: Do Not Fear!

Message of DanielMessage of Daniel::

Stay Righteous in an Unrighteous WorldStay Righteous in an Unrighteous World God is in Control!God is in Control!

Very Brief Outline of DanielVery Brief Outline of Daniel

Practical examples in the lives of Daniel, Practical examples in the lives of Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego: how to Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego: how to remain righteous in an unrighteous world. remain righteous in an unrighteous world. Ch 1, 3-6Ch 1, 3-6

Prophecies of the future: God Rules the Prophecies of the future: God Rules the Nations Ch 2, 7-12Nations Ch 2, 7-12

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

722 BC Northern Kingdom Destroyed by Assyria722 BC Northern Kingdom Destroyed by Assyria 605 BC Nubuchadnezzar (Bablyon) enters Judah, taking 605 BC Nubuchadnezzar (Bablyon) enters Judah, taking

tribute and hostages (DSM&A)tribute and hostages (DSM&A) 586 BC Zedekiah rebels, Nebuchadnezar destroys 586 BC Zedekiah rebels, Nebuchadnezar destroys

Jerusalem and the templeJerusalem and the temple 538 BC Cyrus takes Babylon, Persians/Medes take control 538 BC Cyrus takes Babylon, Persians/Medes take control

of Babylon and Judea.of Babylon and Judea. 536 BC Captives return to Judea and Jerusalem.536 BC Captives return to Judea and Jerusalem. 334-332 BC Alexander destroys and conquers Persian 334-332 BC Alexander destroys and conquers Persian

EmpireEmpire 185-163 BC Antiochus Epiphanes, Seleucid Emperor, rules 185-163 BC Antiochus Epiphanes, Seleucid Emperor, rules

over Jerusalem. Great persecutions.over Jerusalem. Great persecutions. 167 BC Temple desecrated167 BC Temple desecrated 164 BC Temple rededicated by Macabeean leaders.164 BC Temple rededicated by Macabeean leaders.

Historical Background (cont.)Historical Background (cont.)

Battle of Actium 31 BC Ptolemaic Greek power destroyedBattle of Actium 31 BC Ptolemaic Greek power destroyed 6 BC Birth of Jesus6 BC Birth of Jesus AD 30 Crucifixion and resurrection of JesusAD 30 Crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus AD 70 Destruction of Jerusalem by TitusAD 70 Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus AD 81-96 Domitian, emperor of RomeAD 81-96 Domitian, emperor of Rome AD 395 Final division of Rome into East and WestAD 395 Final division of Rome into East and West AD 476 Last emperor of Western RomeAD 476 Last emperor of Western Rome AD 1453 Byzantium (Eastern Rome) taken by OttomansAD 1453 Byzantium (Eastern Rome) taken by Ottomans AD 2014 Jesus comes back to rule in JerusalemAD 2014 Jesus comes back to rule in Jerusalem

Babylonian Empire c. 1750 BC and c. 600 BC 

 

Achaemenid Persian/Median Empire at its Height c. 450 BC 

Alexander the Great Empire Nations c. 330 BC

Daniel Chapter ThreeDaniel Chapter Three

Righteousness in a religious context: Standing Righteousness in a religious context: Standing up for God and for the truthup for God and for the truth

The fires of persecution.The fires of persecution.

““I will bow my head, but not my heart.”I will bow my head, but not my heart.”

What would you have done?What would you have done?

App’n: Persecution of DiocletianApp’n: Persecution of Diocletian

 

  

 

Part of the Part of the StatueStatue

NationNation

Head of GoldHead of Gold BabylonBabylon

Chest of SilverChest of Silver Persia/Media Persia/Media (539 BC)(539 BC)

Belly of BronzeBelly of Bronze Greece (331 BC)Greece (331 BC)

Legs of IronLegs of Iron Rome (31 BC)Rome (31 BC)

Daniel Chapter Two:Nebuchadnezzar’s Vision of a Great Statue

Babylon

Persia/Media

Greece

Rome: A divided kingdom

Daniel 7: Ten Horns and a Little Horn

 

The First Eleven Emperors of Rome

Emperor Dates of Rule Significance to Biblical Events

Augustus 27 BC-14 AD Birth of Christ

Tiberius 14 AD-37 AD Crucifixion of Christ

Gaius (Caligula)

37 AD-41 AD  

Claudius 41 AD-54 AD Jews Exiled from Rome

Nero 54 AD-68 AD First persecutions, Execution of Paul and Peter

Galba 68 AD-69 AD One of the three overcome by Vespasian

Otho 69 AD-70 AD One of the three…

Vitellius 69 AD-70 AD One of the three…

Vespasian 69 AD-79 AD Attack on Jerusalem

Titus 79 AD-81 AD The general who destroyed Jerusalem

Domitian 81 AD-96 AD First Systematic Persecutor of the Church

Domitian (c. 81-96 AD)

Ancient Susa and the Ulai Canal

Daniel Chapter Eight: A Ram and a Goat

Alexander the Great

The Four Horns of Daniel Eight

Horn (King) Territory Ruled

Antigonus The East. From Syria to India.

Cassander The West. Macedonia and Greece.

Lysimachus The North. Thrace and Asia Minor.

Ptolemy The South. Egypt and Palestine.

Daniel 8: The Abomination of Desolation 

Daniel Chaper Nine: The Messiah Daniel Chaper Nine: The Messiah Comes to JerusalemComes to Jerusalem

Seventy sevens = 490 yearsSeventy sevens = 490 years

The decree to restore and rebuild JerusalemThe decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem

Ezra 7:13-16 458 BCEzra 7:13-16 458 BC

458 - 490 = AD 32458 - 490 = AD 32

No…… (no zero BC) = AD 33No…… (no zero BC) = AD 33

Romans Taking Spoils of Jerusalem from the Arch of Titus, Rome, c. 81 AD

  

Roman General and Emperor Titus who destroyed Jerusalem in AD 70

 

The Kings of the South and the Kings of the North in Daniel Eleven

Kings of the South Kings of the North Daniel 11 Verse

Ptolemy I 323-283 BC Seleucus I Nicator 321-282 BC

Daniel 11:5

Ptolemy II Philadelphus 283-247 BC

Antiochus I Soter 280-261 BC

Daniel 11:6

  Antiochus II Theos 261-246 BC

Daniel 11:6

Ptolemy III Eugertes 247-221 BC

Seleucus II Callinicus 246-226 BC

Daniel 11:7,8

  Seleucus III Soter 226-223 BC

Daniel 11:8

Ptolemy IV Philopator 221-203 BC

Antiochus III “The Great” 223-187 BC

Daniel 11:9-19

Ptolemy V Epiphanes 203-181 BC

Seleucus IV Philopator 187-175 BC

Daniel 11:20

Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-146 BC

Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175-164 BC

Daniel 11:21-35

  Antiochus V Eupator 164-162 BC

 

Daniel 11:36-45Daniel 11:36-45The Final End of the Greek The Final End of the Greek

KingdomsKingdoms

http://www.livius.orghttp://www.livius.org//

Bust of Octavian/Augustus as high priest. Museo Nacional de Arte Romano,

Marc Antony (Museum of Fine Art, Budapest)

Cleopatra (Altes Museum, Berlin)

The Theme of Daniel ElevenThe Theme of Daniel Eleven

Those who are wise will instruct many, though Those who are wise will instruct many, though for a time they will fall by the sword or be for a time they will fall by the sword or be burned or captured or plundered. When they burned or captured or plundered. When they fall, they will receive a little help, and many who fall, they will receive a little help, and many who are not sincere will join them. Some of the wise are not sincere will join them. Some of the wise will stumble, so that they may be will stumble, so that they may be refined, refined, purified and made spotlesspurified and made spotless until the time of until the time of the end, for it will come at the appointed time. the end, for it will come at the appointed time. 11:33-3511:33-35

Daniel Chapter Twelve: The Time Daniel Chapter Twelve: The Time of the Endof the End

Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever.righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever.

Daniel 12:3-4Daniel 12:3-4

Questions?Questions?

www.evidenceforchristianity.org

Dr. John Oakes, Dr. John Oakes, June 29, 2008June 29, 2008

Jesus of Nazareth:

Man, Myth or Messiah?

Acts Chapter Two:· Jesus fulfilled the messianic prophecies, therefore he is Messiah

· Jesus worked miracles, therefore he is Lord

· Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead, therefore he is savior

· Repent and be baptized.

Messianic Prophecies

A. What is a Reasonable Conclusion?

B. What is a Reasonable Response?

You diligently study the Scriptures becauseyou think You diligently study the Scriptures becauseyou think

that by them you possess eternal life. These are that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life. John 5:39,40to come to me to have life. John 5:39,40

He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44

Messianic Prophecies

Question #1: How do I know these prophecies really were Question #1: How do I know these prophecies really were written down hundreds of years before the events?written down hundreds of years before the events?

Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek 220-150 BC220-150 BC

Dead Sea Scrolls.250-50 BCDead Sea Scrolls.250-50 BC

Conclusion: All the prophecies we will consider certainly Conclusion: All the prophecies we will consider certainly were written before 250 BC, almost certainly before 300 were written before 250 BC, almost certainly before 300 BC and most likely all before 400 BC.BC and most likely all before 400 BC.

QumranCave #4

Column I The Great

Qumran Isaiah Scroll

150 BC

Josephus: “When Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men Josephus: “When Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him… And the tribe of Christians so named the first did not forsake him… And the tribe of Christians so named from him are not extinct to this day.”from him are not extinct to this day.”

Cornelius Tacitus: “Hence, to suppress the rumor, [Nero] falsely Cornelius Tacitus: “Hence, to suppress the rumor, [Nero] falsely charged with the guilt and punished with the most exquisite tortures, charged with the guilt and punished with the most exquisite tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were hated for their the persons commonly called Christians, who were hated for their enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius…Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius…

Jewish Talmud “On the eve of the Passover they hanged Yeshu and Jewish Talmud “On the eve of the Passover they hanged Yeshu and the herald went before him for forty days saying Yeshu… has the herald went before him for forty days saying Yeshu… has practiced sorcery and beguiled and led astray Israel.practiced sorcery and beguiled and led astray Israel.

Question #3 Are these, in fact, prophecies of the Messiah? (or are we taking them out of context)

Hint: If the Jews themselves acknowledged them to be messianic, that is very strong evidence.

I have tried to select prophecies which even a Jewish person is likely to admit is about the Messiah.

Question #4 Could Jesus, planning on Question #4 Could Jesus, planning on deceiving the people into believing he was deceiving the people into believing he was the Messiah, have read the Old Testament the Messiah, have read the Old Testament and tried to fulfill all the prophecies?and tried to fulfill all the prophecies?

12/18/2001 Israel 1999 Expedition

Garden of Gethsemane Mount of Olives

12/18/2001 Israel 1999 Expedition

Fortress Antonia – Where Jesus was condemned

12/18/2001 Israel 1999 Expedition

Courtyard of Flagellation: Where Jesus was scourged

12/18/2001 Israel 1999 Expedition

Old City Streets

Note:

The following prophecies are the ones I would personally use in an evangelistic study of to increase the faith of a relatively young Christian.

Isaiah 53:1-13:

He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, familiar with suffering. (v. 3)

But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. (v. 5) (John 19:31-37)

He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth. (v. 7)

Micah 5:2But you, Bethlehem Ephrathrah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from old, from ancient times.

Isaiah 9:1,6In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan…. For to us a child is born… And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Psalm 22:16-18Dogs have surrounded me;

a band of evil men have encircled me,

they have pierced my hands and my feet.

I can count all my bones; (John 19:3-37)

people stare and gloat over me.

They divide my garments among them

and cast lots for my clothing. (John 19:23,24)

Zechariah 11:12,13

I told them, “If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it.” so they paid me thirty pieces of silver. (Matthew 26:14-16)

And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter”—the handsome price at which they priced me! So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord, to the potter. (Matthew 27:3-8)

Daniel 9:24-26

Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy.

Know and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed One, the ruler comes, there will be seven ‘sevens’ and sixty two ‘sevens’

Decree of Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:12-26) 458 BC

458 BC - 490 years = -32 (no zero BC)

Be born in BethlehemBe born in BethlehemBe raised in Galilee near NazarethBe raised in Galilee near NazarethBe despised and rejected by menBe despised and rejected by menBe meek and silent before his accusersBe meek and silent before his accusersBe “pierced”Be “pierced”Be crucifiedBe crucifiedHave his garments divided and gambled overHave his garments divided and gambled overBe betrayed for 30 pieces of silverBe betrayed for 30 pieces of silverCome to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33Come to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33And many more….And many more….

Was all this an accident, or did God plan all along for the Passion of the Was all this an accident, or did God plan all along for the Passion of the Christ for forgiveness of sins? What do you think?Christ for forgiveness of sins? What do you think?

Man, Myth or Messiah?Man, Myth or Messiah?

Old Testament Old Testament ProphecyProphecy

ContentContent New Testament FulfillmentNew Testament Fulfillment

Genesis 3:15Genesis 3:15 Satan will attack the Messiah, but the Messiah will destroy the work of Satan.Satan will attack the Messiah, but the Messiah will destroy the work of Satan. Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13

Genesis 49:10,11Genesis 49:10,11 The Messiah will be from Judah (also hints about a vine, a colt, a branch and blood/grapes)The Messiah will be from Judah (also hints about a vine, a colt, a branch and blood/grapes) Matthew 1:2,3Matthew 1:2,3

Deut 18:15-18Deut 18:15-18 God will raise up a prophet like, but greater than Moses.God will raise up a prophet like, but greater than Moses. Matthew 21:11, Mark 6:15Matthew 21:11, Mark 6:15

Psalm 16:10,11Psalm 16:10,11 The Messiah will not be abandoned to the grave (will be resurrected).The Messiah will not be abandoned to the grave (will be resurrected). John 2:19, Luke 24:1-7John 2:19, Luke 24:1-7

Psalm 22:15-18Psalm 22:15-18 The Messiah will be crucified, his bones not broken, his clothing divided and gambled over.The Messiah will be crucified, his bones not broken, his clothing divided and gambled over. John 19:6,7, John 19:31-34, John John 19:6,7, John 19:31-34, John 19:23,2419:23,24

Psalm 31:5Psalm 31:5 The Messiah will commit his spirit into the hands of God.The Messiah will commit his spirit into the hands of God. Luke 23:46Luke 23:46

Psalm 69:9,21Psalm 69:9,21 The Messiah will show zeal for God’s house. He will be given gall and vinegar to drink.The Messiah will show zeal for God’s house. He will be given gall and vinegar to drink. John 2:12-17, Matthew 27:34, Luke John 2:12-17, Matthew 27:34, Luke 23:3623:36

Psalm 110:1,4Psalm 110:1,4 The Messiah will be a priest in the order of Melchizedek.The Messiah will be a priest in the order of Melchizedek. Hebrews 7:11-18Hebrews 7:11-18

Psalm 118:22,23Psalm 118:22,23 The Messiah will be rejected, but will become the foundation of the Kingdom of God.The Messiah will be rejected, but will become the foundation of the Kingdom of God. Matthew 23:37, Acts 4:10Matthew 23:37, Acts 4:10

Isaiah 7:14Isaiah 7:14 The Messiah will be born of a virgin.The Messiah will be born of a virgin. Luke 1:26-38Luke 1:26-38

Isaiah 9:1,2,6,7Isaiah 9:1,2,6,7 The Messiah will be from Galilee; in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali.The Messiah will be from Galilee; in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali. Matthew 4:12-16Matthew 4:12-16

Isaiah 11:1,2Isaiah 11:1,2 The Messiah will be descended from Jesse and will be a Branch (Nazarene).The Messiah will be descended from Jesse and will be a Branch (Nazarene). Matthew 1:5,6, John 1:45,46, Matthew Matthew 1:5,6, John 1:45,46, Matthew 2:232:23

Isaiah 35:5,6Isaiah 35:5,6 The Messiah will heal the deaf, the blind and the physically disabled.The Messiah will heal the deaf, the blind and the physically disabled. Mark 7:32-25, 8:22-26, 2:3-12Mark 7:32-25, 8:22-26, 2:3-12

Isaiah 42:1-4Isaiah 42:1-4 The Messiah will be miraculously humble.The Messiah will be miraculously humble. John 8:1-11John 8:1-11

Isaiah 53Isaiah 53 The Messiah will be despised, he will suffer physically, he will be pierced, he will take on The Messiah will be despised, he will suffer physically, he will be pierced, he will take on himself the sin of mankind, he will be silent before his accusers, and will be buried with the himself the sin of mankind, he will be silent before his accusers, and will be buried with the rich. rich.

Matthew 27:15-18, John 19:33-35, Mark Matthew 27:15-18, John 19:33-35, Mark 14:60,61, 15:3-5, Mark 15:42-4614:60,61, 15:3-5, Mark 15:42-46

Daniel 9:24-27Daniel 9:24-27 The Messiah will come to Jerusalem to bring salvation somewhere between AD 26-33.The Messiah will come to Jerusalem to bring salvation somewhere between AD 26-33. Luke 3:1,2Luke 3:1,2

Micah 5:2Micah 5:2 The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah.The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah. Luke 2:1-7Luke 2:1-7

Zechariah 6:9-15Zechariah 6:9-15 The Messiah will be a king and a priest, and will bring harmony between the two.The Messiah will be a king and a priest, and will bring harmony between the two. John 18:37, Hebrews 7:11-17John 18:37, Hebrews 7:11-17

Zechariah 9:9-11Zechariah 9:9-11 The Messiah will ride as a king into Jerusalem riding on a donkey and the colt of that The Messiah will ride as a king into Jerusalem riding on a donkey and the colt of that donkey.donkey.

Matthew 21:1-7Matthew 21:1-7

Zechariah 11:10-Zechariah 11:10-1414

The Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. The money will be thrown to “the The Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. The money will be thrown to “the potter.”potter.”

Matthew 26:14-16, Matthew 27:6,7Matthew 26:14-16, Matthew 27:6,7

Zechariah 13:7Zechariah 13:7 When the Messiah is attacked, his “sheep” will be scattered.When the Messiah is attacked, his “sheep” will be scattered. Mark 14:50,51Mark 14:50,51

Other Major Messianic PropheciesOther Major Messianic Prophecies

Genesis 3:15 He will crush your head.Genesis 3:15 He will crush your head.Genesis 49:10-11 He will wash his garments in wine, his Genesis 49:10-11 He will wash his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes.robes in the blood of grapes.Deuteronomy 18:15-19 …a prophet like you from Deuteronomy 18:15-19 …a prophet like you from among your brothers.among your brothers.Psalm 16:10,11 Your Holy One will not see decay.Psalm 16:10,11 Your Holy One will not see decay.Psalm 69:8-9,21 Zeal for your house consumes me.Psalm 69:8-9,21 Zeal for your house consumes me.Psalm 110:1,4 …to my Lord… You are a priest forever Psalm 110:1,4 …to my Lord… You are a priest forever of the order of Milchizedek.of the order of Milchizedek.Psalm 118:22-23 The stone the builders rejected…Psalm 118:22-23 The stone the builders rejected…

Other Major Messianic PropheciesOther Major Messianic Prophecies

Isaiah 7:14 The maiden will be with child.Isaiah 7:14 The maiden will be with child.Isaiah 11:1-2, Zechariah 6:9-15 The Branch, the stump, Isaiah 11:1-2, Zechariah 6:9-15 The Branch, the stump, the root of Jesse.the root of Jesse.Isaiah 42:1-3 My chosen one…. A bruised reed he will Isaiah 42:1-3 My chosen one…. A bruised reed he will not break.not break.Zechariah 9:9-11 …your King… riding on a donkeyZechariah 9:9-11 …your King… riding on a donkeyZechariah 12:10-11 the one they have piercedZechariah 12:10-11 the one they have pierced

Prophecies of the Kingdom of GodProphecies of the Kingdom of God

As a general rule, kingdom prophecies tend to be more As a general rule, kingdom prophecies tend to be more double and even triple prophecies because of the nature double and even triple prophecies because of the nature of the Kingdom of God.of the Kingdom of God.

These are more apologetics for the believer than for the These are more apologetics for the believer than for the non-believer.non-believer.

One thing for sure, Jesus talked about the Kingdom of One thing for sure, Jesus talked about the Kingdom of God a lot.God a lot.

Prophecies of the Kingdom of God

Prophesied Quality of the Kingdom Prophesied Quality of the Kingdom of Godof God

Old Testament Prophecies (and New Testament fulfillment)Old Testament Prophecies (and New Testament fulfillment)

Establishment of the Kingdom.Establishment of the Kingdom. Jeremiah 31:31-34 (Hebrews 9:15)Jeremiah 31:31-34 (Hebrews 9:15)Ezekiel 36:24-27 (John 16:13-15, Acts 2:38)Ezekiel 36:24-27 (John 16:13-15, Acts 2:38)

Who will be the King?Who will be the King? Ezekiel 34:23,24 (John 10:14, Ephesians 1:22,23)Ezekiel 34:23,24 (John 10:14, Ephesians 1:22,23)Hosea 3:5Hosea 3:5Joel 2:28-32 (Acts 2:16-21)Joel 2:28-32 (Acts 2:16-21)Zechariah 13:1,2Zechariah 13:1,2

Extent of the Kingdom of God.Extent of the Kingdom of God. Isaiah 49:6, 42:6Isaiah 49:6, 42:6Isaiah 2:2-4Isaiah 2:2-4Isaiah 54:1 (Galatians 4:26-28)Isaiah 54:1 (Galatians 4:26-28)Ezekiel 17:22-24Ezekiel 17:22-24Zechariah 2:10,11Zechariah 2:10,11

Relationship between King and Relationship between King and subjects.subjects.

Exodus 19:5,6 (1 Peter 2:9, 1 Timothy 2:5Exodus 19:5,6 (1 Peter 2:9, 1 Timothy 2:5Ezekiel 37:24-28 (2 Corinthians 6:6)Ezekiel 37:24-28 (2 Corinthians 6:6)Ezekiel 11:19,20Ezekiel 11:19,20Hosea 1:10,11, 2:23 (Romans 9:25,26)Hosea 1:10,11, 2:23 (Romans 9:25,26)

Relationships between subjects in Relationships between subjects in the Kingdom of God.the Kingdom of God.

Isaiah 11:6-10 (Galatians 3:26-28)Isaiah 11:6-10 (Galatians 3:26-28)

Persecution of the Kingdom of God.Persecution of the Kingdom of God. Daniel 7:6-8Daniel 7:6-8Daniel 7:19-25Daniel 7:19-25

Power and Endurance of the Power and Endurance of the Kingdom of God.Kingdom of God.

Daniel 7:26,27Daniel 7:26,27Amos 9:11Amos 9:112 Samuel 7:12-142 Samuel 7:12-14Daniel 2:44Daniel 2:44

Kingdom Prophecies in ZechariahKingdom Prophecies in Zechariah

Zechariah 2:10-12 Zechariah 2:10-12 Zechariah 3:8-10Zechariah 3:8-10Zechariah 6:9-15 Zechariah 6:9-15 Zechariah 8:1-7Zechariah 8:1-7Zechariah 9:10Zechariah 9:10Zechariah 13:1-3 Zechariah 13:1-3 Zechariah 14: the whole thing!!!Zechariah 14: the whole thing!!!

More Prophecies of the KingdomMore Prophecies of the Kingdom

Daniel 2:44 In the time of those kings…Daniel 2:44 In the time of those kings…

Jeremiah 31:31-14 A new covenant and a new kind of relationship Jeremiah 31:31-14 A new covenant and a new kind of relationship between God and his people.between God and his people.

Isaiah 2:2-4, 11:6-12 The mountain of the Lord’s templeIsaiah 2:2-4, 11:6-12 The mountain of the Lord’s temple

Joel 2:28-32 In the last days…Joel 2:28-32 In the last days…

Ezekiel 17:22-24 Birds of every kind will nest in it.Ezekiel 17:22-24 Birds of every kind will nest in it.

Ezekiel 37:24-28 My servant David will be king… prince forever.Ezekiel 37:24-28 My servant David will be king… prince forever.

Exodus 19:5-6 A kingdom of priests and a holy nation.Exodus 19:5-6 A kingdom of priests and a holy nation.

From ShadowFrom Shadowto to

RealityReality Types, prefigures and Types, prefigures and

foreshadows as evidence for foreshadows as evidence for the inspiration of the Biblethe inspiration of the Bible

John 5:39-40 You diligently study the John 5:39-40 You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.refuse to come to me to have life.

Old Testament like a play….Old Testament like a play….

Old Testament like a mystery….Old Testament like a mystery….

Foreshadow: An object, event, person or situation which stands for something similar, but of greater significance in the future.

Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for another specific thing similar to it in the future.

Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as the symbol of someone or something which is yet to appear

Proposed Rules of Interpretation of Types and Proposed Rules of Interpretation of Types and ForeshadowsForeshadows

If a New Testament writer says that an Old Testament event or If a New Testament writer says that an Old Testament event or person is a prefigure/prophecy/foreshadow/type, then it is.person is a prefigure/prophecy/foreshadow/type, then it is.

If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prophecy If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prophecy prefigure/type both in the general sense and in the details, it prefigure/type both in the general sense and in the details, it almost certainly is a legitimate example.almost certainly is a legitimate example.

If one already knows that a general event in the Old Testament is a If one already knows that a general event in the Old Testament is a foreshadow/prefigure the one is more safe in assuming that the foreshadow/prefigure the one is more safe in assuming that the details are as well.ost certainly a legitimate example.details are as well.ost certainly a legitimate example.

OutlineOutline

Historical ForeshadowsHistorical ForeshadowsPrefigures of the MessiahPrefigures of the MessiahTypes and the Tabernacle/TempleTypes and the Tabernacle/TempleOld Testament and New Testament PriesthoodOld Testament and New Testament PriesthoodThe Old Covenant prefigures the New CovenantThe Old Covenant prefigures the New CovenantLevitical Laws as PrefuguresLevitical Laws as PrefuguresFestivals as ForeshadowsFestivals as ForeshadowsMessianic ProphecyMessianic ProphecyKingdom ProphecyKingdom Prophecy

Historical ForeshadowsHistorical Foreshadows

1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as 1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the whom the fulfillmentfulfillment of the ages has come. of the ages has come.

A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.

Foreshadows surrounding AbrahamForeshadows surrounding Abraham

Isaac = children of promise = usIsaac = children of promise = usIshmael = children born in the usual way = IsraelIshmael = children born in the usual way = Israel

Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = “present Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = “present Jerusalem”Jerusalem”

Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem that is Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem that is above”above”

 

Historical type/antitype in the ExodusOLD TESTAMENT

TYPENEW TESTAMENT ANTITYPE

SLAVERY IN EGYPT

LOST, SLAVE TO SIN

WANDERING IN THE WILDERNESS

SAVED, BUT LIVING THE LIFE OF A DISCIPLE

ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND

ENTERING HEAVEN

 

Prefigures of Jesus ChristPrefigures of Jesus Christ

Adam Adam Melchizedek, Isaac, JosephMelchizedek, Isaac, JosephMosesMosesJoshua Joshua Deborah, Samson, SaulDeborah, Samson, SaulDavidDavidElijah, JonahElijah, JonahDaniel, CyrusDaniel, CyrusJoshua the priest, EstherJoshua the priest, Esther

Parallels Between Moses and Jesus 

Moses 

JesusPharaoh tried to kill him 

Herod tried to kill him

Called by God to leave Egypt

Carried out of Egypt

Forty years in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry

Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his ministryLeft his position with the

king of Egypt to dwell with the Jews

Left the right hand of the Father to life with the JewsLed Israel out of slavery in

EgyptLeads Spiritual Israel out of sin

Aaron prepared the way 

John the Baptist prepared the way

Baptized Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them

Commands baptism in water for freedom from sinGave manna in the

wilderness (sort of)

Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger

Gave water to the people in the desert

Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit

Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai

Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon

Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle 

ITEM IN TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE 

ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT

SCRIPTURE REFERENCE

The tabernacle itself God dwelling with his people

John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13

The bronze altar of sacrifice

The sacrifice of Jesus for sins

 

The basin/laver 

Baptism  

The show bread 

The bread of life, Jesus Christ

 

The lampstand 

The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6

The altar of incense The prayers of the saints

Revelation 5:8

The blue, purple and scarlet yarn

The heavens, the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus

 

The curtain Separation from God Matthew 27:51

The ark of the covenant

The presence of God  

The Mercy Seat 

The grace of God  

The Cherubim 

   

Hebrews 9:14

Titus 3:5

John 6:48-51

Psalm 132:7,8

The angels in heaven Ezekiel 10:15-22

Model of The Jewish TabernacleHebrews 10:19-20

Type and Antitype in the First and Second Covenants   Prefigure in the Law of

moses 

Realization in the law of christ

Obedience to physically defined rules required.

Obedience to spiritual principles required.

Physical blessings promised. 

Spiritual blessings promised.

Ceremonial uncleanness. 

Sin and separation from God.

Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort.

Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort.Sealed with the blood of

bulls and goats.Sealed with the blood of Jesus Christ.

Mediated by a High Priest. 

Mediated by THE High Priest, Jesus Christ.

Laws, rules and regulations for behavior.

Behavior based on spiritual principle and love.Tithing. Sacrifice and giving from the heart.

Sabbath. 

Come…. I will give you rest. Relying on Jesus.

Death. 

Life.

   

Sacrificial Type and Antitype

  

Old Testament Sacrifice

New Testament fulfillment

Scriptures 

Sweet Savor Sacrifices

The Burnt Offering

Jesus’ and our devotion to God 

Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans 12:1,2

The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God

Matthew 6:19-21Romans 8,9

The Drink Offering Pouring out our life for God 

Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16

The Fellowship Offering

Celebrating our blessings from God

John 10:101 Thess 5:16

Blood Sacrifices

The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins 

1 Peter 1:18,192 Corinthians 5:21

The Guilt Offering

Maintaining a relationship with one another

Matthew 5:23,24

First Covenant Festivals as Types

Jewish Festival Antitype in the Christian Life

Passover (pesach) The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ

Feast of Firstfruits The Resurrection of Jesus Christ

Feast of Unleavened Bread Celebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives

Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (shavoat)

The Giving of the Holy Spirit and the Initiation of the Church

Feast of Trumpets (rosh hashanah)

Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back

Day of Atonement (yom kippur)

The Day We Were Saved—Spiritual Birthday

Feast of Booths (Tabernacles)

Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God

Questions?Questions?

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