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Globalisation in Islamic Capital Market Instruments :
The Role of Islamic Financial Services BoardServices Board
Abdullah HaronAssistant Secretary GeneralIslamic Financial Services Board
Agenda
The Islamic capital market, concepts, structures and statistics
Challenges in globalizing the Islamic capital market instrumentsIslamic capital market instruments
Role of the IFSB in the globalization of Islamic capital market instruments
www.ifsb.org
The Islamic Capital Market (ICM)
The Islamic Capital Market refers to a market where the capital market transactions, operations and activities are carried out in ways that do not contravene Shari`ah principles and requirements
Compliance with the Shari`ah requirement involves:
• prohibition of payment/receipt of interest, or riba.• prohibition of payment/receipt of interest, or riba.• prohibition of activities with elements of
uncertainty, or gharar
• Prohibition of gambling activities, or maisir
• Prohibition of the production and sale of goods and services that are prohibited in Islam
Structured through underlying contracts of exchange
• There must be an underlying asset• Profit are generated from the performance of the
assets
www.ifsb.org
The Concepts
According to their application in Islamic finance, contracts can be divided into:Exchange contracts-for creating financing securities
• Murabahah (based on cost plus concept)• Bai Salam (based on deferred delivery concept)• Bai Istisna (based on deferred payment concept)• Ijarah (based on leasing concept)• Ijarah Thumma Bai (based on leasing with option to • Ijarah Thumma Bai (based on leasing with option to
purchase concept)
Participating contracts for creating equity securities
• Musharakah (based on profit and loss sharing concept)
• Mudharabah (based on profit sharing and loss bearing concept)
Other contracts• Rahn (based on collateralised financing concept)• Kafalah (based on guarantee/underwriting concept)• Qard (based on welfare concept)
www.ifsb.org
ICM as an integral part of the Islamic financial system
Islamic Islamic
BankingBanking
An efficient conduit for mobilisation of funds
� long term fund raising and investment; enhances depth & resilience of Islamic financial system
Gaining momentum as vibrant sector
Islamic Islamic
capital capital
marketmarket
TakafulTakaful
Islamic capital Islamic capital marketmarket to provide
long term fund raising and
investment and enhance depth & liquidity of Islamic financial system
sector
� Increased preference for Shari’ah compliant products among Muslims
� Emergence of new demand from the Middle East, South-East Asia, South Asia and North Africa
� Conventional investors regard ICM as a new asset class
www.ifsb.org
• Dual currency structured investment
• Islamic asset-based financing • Islamic equity based financing• Islamic asset-backed securities
ICM Products & Services
• Shari`ah-compliant trading
• Shari`ah-compliant stocks • Islamic unit trusts• Islamic REITs• Islamic index
Islamic
Equity
Market
Islamic
Sukuk
Market
Islamic investment
• Equity linked structured investment
• Crude Palm Oil futures • Crude Palm Kernel Futures • Single Stock Futures
• Shari`ah-compliant trading • Shari`ah-compliant margin
financing
Islamic
Stockbroking
Shari`ah
compliant
derivatives
Islamic
Structured
Products
Source: Securities Commission Malaysiawww.ifsb.org
ICM Statistics
More than 300 Islamic financial institutions and 80 takaful operators with assets over US$1 trillion worldwide
Increasing in liquidity, particularly from GCC countries due to oil price surge
Over 350 Shari`ah-compliant funds valued at over US$300 billion globally billion globally
Market capitalisation of Dow Jones Islamic Index more than US$20 trillion
Global sukuk market valued at more than US$75 billion
www.ifsb.org
Sukuk Issuance by Country (2001-2007)
Qatar
2.1%
Sudan
0.3%
Pakistan
2.4%
Malaysia
33.1%
UAE
37.3%
Saudi Arabia
16.2%
Bahrain
5.5%
UK
0.4%
US
0.2%
Region wide
1.1%
Brunei
1.1%
Indonesia
0.1%
Germany
0.2%
Source: Zawyawww.ifsb.org
Sukuk Issuance by Sector (1H08)
Financial services
39.5%
Sovereign
6.3%
ICT
0.7% Construction
1.1%
Manufacturing
0.2%
Oil & gas
13.4%
Conglomerate
1.6%
Power/Utilities
13.3%
Real estate
23.7%
Agri/Food
0.2%
Source: Zawyawww.ifsb.org
Types of International Sukuk Issued (2001-2007)
Mudarabah
18.4%
Manfaah
2.2% Istisna
2.4%
Securitisation
0.7%
Salam
0.3%Murabahah
5.0%
Ijarah
43.5%
0.7%
Musharakah
27.5%
Source: Zawyawww.ifsb.org
Islamic Funds by Geographical Distribution (Domicile)
Saudi Arabia
18%
Bahrain
6%
Kuwait
10%Offshore
20%
Indonesia
5%
Malaysia
22%
Others
19%
Source: Eurekahedgewww.ifsb.org
Islamic Funds by Asset Class Breakdown (2007)
Money market
13%
Balanced
8%
Fixed income
6%
Equity
52%
Others
21%
Source: Eurekahedgewww.ifsb.org
Present state of Islamic finance
Recognised as an integral component of the global financial system
� Operate in a competitive environment – performing relatively better than conventional during the period of turmoil
Diverse Systems and Environment
� To a large extent, institutions are governed by the same regulatory framework applicable to conventional financial system
Lack of Reliable and Comparable Financial Information
Need for Continuous Education
www.ifsb.org
� Evolve to become an industry beyond domestic borders – encouraging growth in size and scope
� Transformation of entire economies
� Selective and non-mandatory compliance with some Shari`ahstandards
Significant initiatives
Development of Supervisory Standard Practices• Formation of various institutional supports
The same issues in the conventional financial markets that may affect Islamic financial services industry are, among other things, informational asymmetry, moral hazard and regulatory arbitrage.
Establishment of Regulatory Framework and Market Infrastructures in Certain Countries• Prudential information and regulatory framework for institutions
offering Islamic financial services
www.ifsb.org
Financial Infrastructure
Institutions
• Strong corporate governance
• Cultivation of Risk Management Culture
• Operational efficiency
• Transparency and information disclosure
• Financial instruments and markets
• Wider market coverage• Public knowledge and
understanding
Inter-related foundation
Shari`ahFramework
Legal and Judiciary
Framework
Regulatory & Supervisory Framework• Comprehensive and
appropriate framework• Greater cooperation among regulators and other relevant organisations
• Enabler to innovation and creativity
• Capability to comply with Shari`ahstandards
• Facilitative and sound legal, accounting and tax frameworks
www.ifsb.org
Establishment of financial instruments
Improve efficiency Commitment to common goals
Formulation of early Maintain sustainability Coordinated activities
BenefitsCritical
FactorsGoals
Strengthening the foundation
Formulation of early warning system
Maintain sustainability and transparency in reporting
Coordinated activities across sector
Formulation of the rules governing conduct of business
Enhance corporate governance
Commitment to implementation
Development of concept on regulation
Ensure Shari`ah
compliance and systemic stability
Political acceptance and harmonisation of market practices
www.ifsb.org
Challenges in globalizing ICM instruments
Enhancing Regulatory Framework Reinforced By Shari`ah Framework• High degree of convergence and harmonisation to create level
playing field• Mitigate any opportunity for regulatory arbitrage• Mitigate risks inherent in Islamic Financial system
Enhancing Shari`ah Framework• Unity in diversity• In line with initiatives to enhance legal and judicial frameworks
Enhancing Supervisory Framework for Effective Supervision
Enhancing Public Confidence Through Transparency and Disclosures
www.ifsb.org
Maintaining the momentum of globalizing ICM instruments
Demystify Islamic financial terms • Make them more understandable• Further build on the reputation of ethical and socially responsible
principles underpinning Islamic products
Provide more data on Islamic finance• Centralise data gathering and dissemination among countries• Centralise data gathering and dissemination among countries• Increased availability of reliable and comparable financial
information for effective assessment
Create innovative products adaptable to rapid changes to market demands in the wake of globalisation, liberalisation and technological advancements
Initiate greater collaboration in terms of resources and commitment for effective regulatory and supervisory framework
www.ifsb.org
Maintaining the momentum of globalizing ICM instruments
Ensure regulatory agenda remains dominated by the following priorities• Enhance the awareness and understanding of Islamic products• Strengthen internal management and control infrastructure• Align with internationally established standards and foster
significant improvement over disclosure• Employ appropriate assessment of capital adequacy and risk • Employ appropriate assessment of capital adequacy and risk
management
Human intellectual capacity building must be accorded with high priority in the development efforts
www.ifsb.org
Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)
Based in Malaysia, officially inaugurated on 3 November 2002, and started operations on 10 March 2003
Serves as an international standard-setting body of regulatory and supervisory agencies that have vested interest in ensuring the soundness and stability of the Islamic financial services
www.ifsb.org
the soundness and stability of the Islamic financial services industry, broadly defined to include banking, capital markets and takaful
The work of the IFSB complements that of the BCBS, IOSCO and IAIS
Objectives
Develop standards and recommend its implementation
Provide guidance on effective supervision and regulation & develop risk management & disclosure criteria
Establish cooperation with other international standard-setting bodies & member countries
Enhance and coordinate initiatives to develop instruments and Enhance and coordinate initiatives to develop instruments and procedures for efficient operation and risk management
Encourage cooperation among member countries
Facilitate capacity building and development of human capital
Undertake research
Establish database
Miscellaneous objectives agreed by the General Assembly
www.ifsb.org
Organisational Structure
General Assembly
Council Members
The representative body of all the members of the IFSB namely, Full Members, Associate Members and Observer Members.
The senior executive and policy making body of the IFSB. It shall consists of one representative from each Full Members who shall be the senior executive officer of that Full Member or such other senior person nominated to represent him from time to time.
www.ifsb.org
Technical Committee
Working Group /
Task Force
Secretariat
The body responsible for advising the Council on technical issues within its terms of reference (as determined by the Council). It shall consists of up to 15 persons selected by the Council and shall have a term of office of three years.
Working Group is a committee established to be responsible for drafting standards and/or guidelines.
Task Force is a committee established to be responsible for undertaking ad-hoc tasks.
The permanent administrative body of the IFSB. It is headed by a full-time Secretary-General appointed by the Council on such terms and conditions determined by the Council. The Secretariat is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Membership
175 members from 34 countries
The GENERAL ASSEMBLY is the representative body of all the members of the IFSB namely, Full Members, Associate
Members and Observer Members.
By organisational demarcationBy membership type
www.ifsb.org
2121
2121
133133
Regulatory / supervisory
authorities
Inter-governmental
organisations
Financial institutions and
professional firmsObserver MemberObserver Member
Associate MemberAssociate Member
Full MemberFull Member
Membership as at September 2008
4242
66
127127
IFSB activities – Overall overview
Since its inception, the IFSB has issued seven standards, guiding principles
and technical note for the Islamic financial services industry focusing on Risk Management, Capital Adequacy, Corporate Governance, Supervisory Review Process, Transparency and Market Discipline, Recognition of Ratings on Shari`ah-Compliant Financial Instruments as well as the Development of Islamic Money Markets.
The IFSB is also working on new standards and guidelines on 1) Special Issues in Capital Adequacy;
2) Governance of Investment Funds;
7 PUBLISHED
STANDARDS
2 EXPOSURE DRAFTS
3
Standards DevelopmentIN NUMBERS
www.ifsb.org
Awareness programmes
Facilitating the Implementation of IFSB Standards
2) Governance of Investment Funds;
3) Corporate Governance in Takaful Operations; 4) Shari`ah Governance; and 5) Conduct of Business.
The standards prepared by the IFSB follow a lengthy due process as outlined in its Guidelines and Procedures for the Preparation of Standards/Guidelines which involve, among others, the issuance of exposure draft and, where necessary, the holding of a public hearing.
3 INITIAL
DISCUSSIONS AND
DRAFTING
IFSB-FIS WORKSHOPS
SEMINAR, CONFERENCE
Risk Management Supervisory
Review Process
Money
MarketConduct of Business
Working Group is a committee established to be responsible for drafting standards and/or guidelines.
Task Force is a committee established to be responsible for undertaking ad-hoc tasks.
Standards Development – Working Group/ Task Force
www.ifsb.org
Capital Adequacy
Corporate
Governance
Transparency &
Market Discipline
Special Issues in
Capital Adequacy
Governance of
Investment Funds
Governance of
Takaful Operations
Shari`ah Governance
Solvency
Requirements for
Takaful Operations
11 WORKING
GROUPS
Prudential
Statistics
Human
Resource
3 TASK FORCES
Standards Development - Published Document
DocumentsCommencement of
preparationIssuance
IFSB-1: Risk management 2003 2005
IFSB-2: Capital Adequacy 2003 2005
IFSB-3: Corporate Governance 2004 2006
IFSB-4: Transparency and Market Discipline 2005 2007
IFSB-5: Supervisory Review Process 2005 2007
Recognition of Ratings by External Credit Assessment Institutions
2006 2008
Development of Islamic Money Markets 2006 2008
www.ifsb.org
Standards Development - Work in Progress
DocumentsCommencement of
preparationIssuance
Special Issues in Capital Adequacy 2006 2007 (ED)
Governance of Investment Funds 2006 2007 (ED)
Governance of Takaful Operations 2006 2009 (ED)Governance of Takaful Operations 2006 2009 (ED)
Sharī`ah Governance May 2007 2009 (ED)
Conduct of Business May 2007 2009 (ED)
www.ifsb.org
Issuance
of the
Standard
Identify /
present
current
status of
Implementati
on
Next StepImplementation
Challenge
Conduct reviews on the
implementation of the
IFSB Standards
Improve understanding
of the IFSB Standards
Address findings from the
feedback and discussions
Facilitating the implementation of the IFSB standards
www.ifsb.org
• Strong project
management skills and
efforts
• FAQ, impact studies,
discussion and sharing
views
• Key areas of possible
reforms
• Fine-tune the standards
in synch with the pace of
development or specific
jurisdiction
Process of facilitating the
implementation:
(a) High-level meetings
with regional supervisors;
and
(b) Focus workshops
A few institutions have
indicated their willingness
to provide technical
assistance and participate
in the process
Organising IFSB-FIS Workshops
Developing guidance note
Facilitating provision of technical
assistance
ONGOING EFFORTS:
Awareness programmes
The IFSB is actively involved in the promotion of awareness of issues that are relevant or have an impact on the regulation and supervision of the Islamic financial services industry. This mainly takes the form of international conferences,
Seminar
Summit
Interactive Session
Public Lecture
Forum
Conference
of international conferences, seminars, public lectures, dialogue sessions, forums and meetings staged in many countries.
Public Lecture
www.ifsb.org is the main
communication tool for the IFSB to disseminate information to members and stakeholders.
Website
www.ifsb.org
Thank you for your attention
