The Role of Industry in Space Exploration David Logsdon U.S. Chamber of Commerce Space Enterprise Council November 12, 2008

The Role of Industry in Space Exploration

David Logsdon

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Space Enterprise Council

November 12, 2008

Formed in 1999 from a forum hosted by NASA and the U.S. Department of Commerce

Original focus was solely on commercial space

Focus has expanded to include commercial, civil, and national security space


Six working groups Space Transportation Remote Sensing GPS/PNT Space Communications Emerging Markets Export Control Policy


Present Day

For the past two years, the SEC has worked closely with NASA’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD)

In January 2008, SEC Space Transportation Working Group (STWG) started Interface Standards activity for ESMD

Space Enterprise Council’s Relationship with NASA

The Space Enterprise Council agreed to work with NASA on Lunar Standards To evaluate, prioritize, and identify lunar interface

standards Focusing on commercial standards that have long term

applicability to the lunar architecture Enabling Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) type

solutions Identifying what would be best served by US versus

International standards Identify candidate sources of those standards

Space Enterprise Council’s Relationship with NASA

I/F Functional Need Score

Pressurized mech i/f

Unpressurized mech i/f

Atmosphere

Water

Power

Comm. Protocols

Diet

Reactants/Work Media

Materials

Anthropometry

Interface Functional Needs

Long Duration Surface

Suit

Living Habitat

Work Habitat

Health Habitat

Power Systems

Surface Transportation

& Handling Systems

Communication & Navigation

Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production

Emergency Egress

Systems

Surface Construction

& Maintenance

Pressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suitlocks, interconnects/couplings)

X X X X X X X X X

Unpressurized mechanical interfaces (attachments/adapters, connectors, grapples, plugs and sockets, handles, hard/lift/hoist points)

X X X X X X X X X X

Atmosphere/Environmental(pressure, temperature, composition, humidity, trace gases and contaminants, ionization, radiation shielding & hardening, environmental monitoring)

X X X X X X X X X

Water (purity, sterility, sterilization approach, electric conductivity, ion balance, isotope composition, trace minerals)

X X X X X X X X

Power (voltage, AC/DC, frequency, stability/tolerances) X X X X X X X X X X X

Communications protocol (formats, bandwidth, frequencies, waveforms, encryption, clock speed and timing accuracy) X X X X X X X

Diet (water content/food dehydration, storage temperature, nutrient content, composition, caloric value, vitamins, minerals)

X X X X X

Reactants and working media (fuels/propellants, lubricants, CO2 removal agents, detergents and cleaners, disinfectants, cooling fluids, catalysts)

X X X X X X X X

Materials (mechanical/chemical/electrical properties, outgassing characteristics, UV resistance, radiation resistance and penetrability)

X X X X X X X X X X

Anthropometry (size ranges, weight ranges, metabolic rates,reaction times, cognitive capabilities and perception, vision, hearing, reach, strength)

X X X X X X X X X X

Waste Management & Recycling (human, non-human, planetary protection) X X X X X X X

NASA Lunar Surface Element

Standards Assessment / Availability

Using Revised Matrix

I/F Functional Need Score

Pressurized mech i/f

Unpressurized mech i/f

Atmosphere

Water

Power

Comm. Protocols

Diet

Reactants/Work Media

Materials

Anthropometry



Suit

Living Habitat

Work Habitat

Health Habitat

Power Systems


& Handling Systems


Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production

Emergency Egress

Systems


& Maintenance


X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X




X X X X X


X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X



Standards Assessment based on Scenarios

Using Revised Matrix

Product 1Product 1 Product 2Product 2

Prioritized Standards with info on “highs”

Prioritized Standards with info on “highs”

Combined Prioritized list of candidates for Standards

• Where those standards might be found • An identification of candidate actual standardsthat exist• Some examples programs/products that used those standards

Product 3Product 3

Repeat for Each Standards Area

ESMD Lunar Architecture StandardsProcess and Products

Lunar Surface Elements vs FunctionsAs Presented to ESMD on 1/16/08



Suit

Living Habitat

Work Habitat

Health Habitat

Power Systems


& Handling Systems


Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production

Emergency Egress

Systems


& Maintenance


X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X




X X X X X


X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X



Initial set of lunar surface elements from NASA architecture studies

Initial set of lunar surface functions based on NASA architecture studies

Note: Initial matrix provided to STWG by Dallas Bienhoff and Bill Findiesen

Each “X” represented where the STWG members felt the function applied to

the element


Surface Suit Living Habitat Work Habitat Health Habitat Power Systems Surface Transportation &

Handling Systems


Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production Emergency Egress Systems

Surface Construction &

Maintenance

Scientific Instruments &

Equipment

Pressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suitlocks, interconnects/couplings) x x x x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x x

Power (voltage, AC/DC, frequency, stability/tolerances) x x x x x x x x x x x x

Communications protocol (formats, bandwidth, frequencies, waveforms, encryption, clock speed and timing accuracy)

x x x x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x x x x x x

Human Factors (size ranges, weight ranges, metabolic rates,reaction times, cognitive capabilities and perception, vision, hearing, reach, strength) x x x x x x x x x x x

Waste Management & Recycling (human, non-human, planetary protection)

x x x x x x x x x

Navigation (real-time surface location, geographic features, hazard identificaiton)

x x x x x x x x

Product 1Standard Assessment / Availability Matrix

Product 1Standard Assessment / Availability Matrix

Surface Suit EVA Suits and portable life support units

Living Habitat Crew living quarters. Accommodations for sleeping, washing &hygiene, food preparation & storage, personal space, etc.

Work Habitat Allocations for mission experiments, data storage & retrieval, monitoring &maintenance

Health Habitat Medical center & supplies. Exercise equipment.

Power Systems Facilities and equipment for power generation, storage, distribution

Surface Transportation & Handling Systems

Vehicles for transport of manned & unmanned loads and associated storage and maintenance equipment & facilities


Systems for habitat communication with Earth and outpost assets. Navigation provisions for surface vehicles, outpost sites, and EVA crew.

Logistics Resupply Outpost interface, allocation and storage systems for supply shipments

ISRU Production Systems and equipment for processing of Lunar regolith.

Emergency Egress Systems

Outpost and manned vehicle contingency capabilities

Surface Construction & Maintenance

Hardware & facilities for outpost construction, site preparation, habitat maintenance

Scientific Instruments & Equipment

Value items, payloads, or equipment for accomplishing mission objectives.

Depth of Decomposition

Degree of Maturity

Degree of Commonality

Element Level

Functional Level (power, comm)

Black Box Level Greatest Greatest

Depth of Depth of DetailDetail

Least mature Least mature but most but most forward forward lookinglooking

Future & Emerging

Arch Level

Greatest Greatest chance for chance for

CommonalityCommonality

Identical Functionally Compatible Interoperable

1 2 3

3 2 1

4 3 12

Current Leading Edge

Long Standing & Global

Highest number is best: “Standards at the architecture level that are long Highest number is best: “Standards at the architecture level that are long standing and globally recognized, and results in identical common solutions, standing and globally recognized, and results in identical common solutions, are most desirable.” are most desirable.”

Highest number is best: “Standards at the architecture level that are long Highest number is best: “Standards at the architecture level that are long standing and globally recognized, and results in identical common solutions, standing and globally recognized, and results in identical common solutions, are most desirable.” are most desirable.”

Product 1Standards Assessment Scale

Product 1Standard Assessment / Health Habitat Example

High Medium Low

Interface Functional Needs Decomp. Maturity Common. Score AssumptionsPressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suit locks, interconnects/couplings)

4 2 3 24

Unpressurized mechanical interfaces (attachments/adapters, connectors, grapples, plugs and sockets, handles, hard/lift/hoist points) 4 2 3 24


3 3 2 18

Water (purity, sterility, sterilization approach, electric conductivity, ion balance, isotope composition, trace minerals) 4 3 2 24

Power (voltage, AC/DC, frequency, stability/tolerances)

4 2 3 24 Driven by special provision for intensive care

Communications protocol (formats, bandwidth, frequencies, waveforms, encryption, clock speed and timing accuracy) 3 2 2 12 Special needs for tele-medicine


2 2 1 4 Special diet needs, medicine storage and handling


3 2 2 12Special needs for plasma, gasses storageHandling of toxic gas / fluids will need to be addressed early.


4 2 2 16 Special needs for plasma, gasses storage

Human Factors(size ranges, weight ranges, metabolic rates,reaction times, cognitive capabilities and perception, vision, hearing, reach, strength)

3 3 2 18 Identical materials for use on humans


3 2 2 12 Driven by operating room and isolation wards

Special infirmary for isolating patientsAssume operating roomOne facility shared by all lunar partnersAssume separate morgue and forensics

Product 1Temporal Assessment / Health Habitat Example

High Medium Low

HighPowerWater

Unpressured & Pressured Mechanical I/FAtmosphere / Environment

Materials

DietReactants / Working Media

Waste ManagementHuman Factors

Communication Protocol

MediumUnpressured & Pressured Mechanical I/F

Atmosphere / EnvironmentMaterials




Low




In 2008 2009-2011 2011-2015 After 2015

Product 1Probability vs. Applicability / Health Habitat Example

High Medium Low

Lowest

Pressurized & Unpressured Mechanical I/F Waste Management

Atmosphere / EnvironmentalMaterials

Reactants / Working Media

Power Communication Protocol

WaterHuman Factors

Diet

Highest Broadest Applicability Lowest Applicability

Applicable to ESMD International Partner Long Duration Needs

Lik

ely

to e

xist

wh

en n

eed

ed

Product 1Final Assessment / Health Habitat Example

This assessment is produced by compiling the results of the following metrics

- Return on Investment

- Standard Assessment

- Temporal Assessment

- Probability versus Applicability Assessment

These results are most valuable to the scientific / engineering community

High Medium Low

Interface Functional Needs H-M-LPressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suit locks, interconnects/couplings)









Human Factors(size ranges, weight ranges, metabolic rates,reaction times, cognitive capabilities and perception, vision, hearing, reach, strength)


Product 2Scenario Based Evaluation

During the 1-April-08 workshop, three scenario teams performed evaluations of Lunar standards:

- Exploration and Science (ES)

- Emergency Scenarios (E)

- Living and Resupply (L)

At colony50K from

colony500K from

colony

ES-1Robotic scientific/staging mission(staging supplies for future human exploration)

i. Geological sample gatheringii. Near-constant communications transferiii. pre & post excursion activities not includediv. pre-position small payloads and supplies

X

ES-24 crew members are exploring the Lunar surface on a 7 day excursion

i. The crew is using a rover that serves as living quartersii. Geological sample gatheringii.a Core drillingiii. Two rovers

X

ES-3 Earth and Near Earth Observation

i. Near-side of the moonii. Optical systemiii. Continous data collection (to the colony)iv. IT infrastructure (data mgmt/storage at the colony)v. automated operationsvi. Sporadic EVA servicingvii. Consumables (replenishments/maint/upgrades)viii. Installation of station

X

Scenario Identifier

Scenario Assumption and Ground RulesLocation of Scenario


Exploration and Science Scenarios identified at the workshop


Emergency scenarios identified at the workshop

At colony50K from

colony

500K from

colony

E-1 Electrical fire in habitat module

i. In a group areaii. In a private area when person is goneiii.habitat occupiediv.habitat not occupiedv. Crew abandons habitat and goes to safe haven(s).vi. Creates toxic environment.vii. Does not create toxic environment.

X

E-2Fluid hose internal to rover breaks and releases fluids into cabin area

i. Crew are on-board and know what the fluid is and where it is coming fromii. Crew are on-board but do not know for sure the location of the break but know the fluidiii. Crew are on-board but do not know for sure the location of the break of the specifics of the fluid mix in the cabiniv. Crew on EVA but discover the emergency prior to re-entering the rover

X X

E-3Crewman receives multiple fracture injury of their right leg

i. In pressurized environment (hab or lab)ii. During an EVAiii. Injured person to be taken to hospital in surface colonyiv. Injured person to be taken to ascent stage

X X X

E-4 (split into reduction &

increase scenarios)

Air pressure variation unsafe for crew (pressurized environments would have a standard allowing a suited crew member to recover from an air leak or pressure increase)

i. Large decompression or pressure increaseii. Slow decompression or pressure increase, but crew quickly knows where the leak isiii. Slow decompression or pressure increase, unknown location until pressure is dangerously lowiv. Isolablev. Not isolable

X X X

E-5Typical/nominal flare resulting in radiation exposure that exceeds safety standards

i. Occurs only in shirt-sleeve environmentsX X X

E-6Exceptional incident of radiation exposure that exceeds safety standards

i. 100-year event X X X

E-7 Degraded power situation

i. Minor power lossii. Major power lossiii. Crewed colonyiv. Uncrewed colonyv. Less than one weekvi. More than one weekvii. Occurs only in shirt-sleeve environmentsviii. Every system allows for a low-power mode.

X X X

E-8 Loss of navigation for rover

i. Single roverii. Paired roversiii. Less than a dayiv. More than a dayv. Fixablevi. Non-fixablevii. Total lossviii. Partial lossix. EVAx. Non-EVA

X X

Scenario Identifier

Scenario Assumption and Ground Rules

Location of Scenario


Living and Resupply scenarios identified at the workshop

At colony

50K from

colony

500K from colony

LS-1Require an inventory be maintained of habitat supplies

i. Supplies distributed throughout all surface elements based on criticalityii. Given difficulty in re-supply, usage of existing stores is regulatediii. Real time inventory solution (RFID tags, etc.)iv. Crew and ground visibility to queries

X X X

LS-2Crew members inside the habitat need to communicate with members out on EVA

i. Capability needs to exist regardless of EVA distanceii. Baseline point to point comm, habitat to EVAiii. Communication can occur directly or through Lunar or Earth relayiv. Visual communication for a loss of comm contigency

X X X

LS-3A Lunar astronaut calls her husband back home long distance

i. Personal communication should allow privacyii. Voice, video, email communication abilityiii. Communication on demand

X X X

LS-4A newly landed U.S. habitat needs to be integrated into the existing base architecture

i. Habitat is docked to existing base elementsii. Lunar surface elements tie into common suite of utilitiesiii. Transit from landing site to base up to 3kmiv. Delivered habitat arrives unmanned

X

LS-5 Arrival of a logistics deliveryi. Transit from landing site to base up to 3kmii. Base must accommodate receipt of pressurized and unpressurized cargoiii. Either manned or cargo delivery vehicle

X

LS-6Member nations or corporations have private data/experiments that must be segregated

i. Experiment and science areas co-located in same surface elementii. Local IT securityiii. Segregated experiment provides its own data storage/recording encrypted

X

LS-7 Decisions need to be made in real timei. Crew has degree of autonomy in carrying out daily activitiesii. Crew has a primary and contingency command structure with understood roles

X

LS-8 Surface activity generates wastei. Designated removed waste dump siteii. Process for sorting waste/recylablesiii. Segregate biologicals/volatiles from benign waste

X

LS-9 Crew will require fresh food

i. Some component of crew diet is locally produced fresh foodii. Requisite consumables and water are availableiii. System supplements life supportiv. Makes use of some recylables

X

LS-10Crew needs to set schedule of needed daily tasks

i. Crew has responsibility to set their daily schedule: housekeeping, maintenance, science, personal timeii. Input provided from ground periodicallyiii. Crew has access to scheduling and work progress tools

X X X

LS-11 Crew requires life support and utilities

i. Closed loop to maximum extent possible with minimal consumablesii. Modules have capability to provide life support independantlyiii. Compatible across systemsiv. ISRU supplements to maximum extent as soon as feasiblev. Potable water available

X X X

LS-12 Dust and contamination mitigation requiredi. All pressurized volumes will have associated cleanliness standard (class?)ii. Dedicated space for dust removal (mud room)

X X X

LS-13All crew activities need to be accomodated by volume

i. Standards are activity based(includes work, R&R, rest, cleanliness, etc)ii. Modified for 1/6 g environment

X X X

LS-14 Crew needs radiation protectioni. Capacity for radiation monitoringii.

LS-15 Crew needs micrometeoride protection

LS-16 Crew member needs medical aid

i. Basic level of care "First Aid" available in each moduleii. Each crew receives basic level of medical trainingiii. Telemedicine capability "on demand"iv. Shipboard type setup, look at submarine analog

Location of ScenarioScenario Identifier

Scenario Assumption and Ground Rules


Long Duration

Surface Suit

Living Habitat

Work Habitat Health Habitat

Power Systems

Surface Transportation &

Handling Systems


Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production

Emergency Egress

Systems


Maintenance

Pressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suitlocks, interconnects/couplings) ES2,ES3,E3 LS4,LS11 ES2,LS4,LS11 LS4,LS11 ES2,ES3,E2,E3

ES1,ES2,ES3,LS5

ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3,E3 LS4 ES2,LS4 LS4 ES3,E1 ES1,ES2,ES3,E2 ES2ES1,ES2,ES3,L

S5ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3 LS9,LS11 ES2,LS9,LS11 LS11ES1,ES2,ES3,E2,

LS11ES1,ES2,ES3,E1,

E5,E6ES2,ES3,LS5,L

S11ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3 LS9 ES2,LS9 ES2 ES1,ES2,LS5 ES2

Power (voltage, AC/DC, frequency, stability/tolerances) ES2,ES3,E7 E5,E6,E7

ES1,ES2,ES3,E5,E6,E7

E5,E6,E7 ES2,ES3,E7 ES1,ES2,ES3,E7,E2 ES1,ES2,ES3,E7ES1,ES2,ES3,E

7,LS5E7 ES2,E7 ES3,E7


ES2,ES3,LS2,LS3

ES2,E5,E6,E3,LS2,LS3,LS6

ES1,ES2,ES3,E5,E6,LS2,LS3,L

S6

ES2,E3,E5,E6,LS2,LS3

ES1,ES2,ES3,E2,LS2,LS3

ES1,ES2,ES3,E2, E3,E8

ES1,ES2,ES3 ES2 ES2,ES3


LS1,LS9 ES2,LS9 ES2 ES1,ES2,LS5 ES2


ES2,ES3 ES2 ES1,ES2,ES3,E2ES1,ES2,ES3,L

S5ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3 E5,LS6 ES2,E5,LS6 E3,E5,E6 ES3 ES1,ES2,ES3,E2 ES1 ES1,ES3,LS5 ES2 ES3

Human Factors (size ranges, weight ranges, metabolic rates,reaction times, cognitive capabilities and perception, vision, hearing, reach, strength)

ES2,ES3,E3 LS1,LS9,LS13 ES2,LS9,LS13 LS13 ES2,ES3,E2,E3 ES2,E8ES1,ES2,ES3,L

S5ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3,LS8 LS8,LS9 ES2,LS8,LS9 LS8 LS8 ES2,ES3,LS8ES2,ES3,LS5,L

S8ES2 ES3

Product 2Scenario Based Evaluation Matrix

Interface Functional Needs H-M-LPressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suit locks, interconnects/couplings)







n/a





Product 2Scenario Based Evaluation / EVA Suit Example

These results are most valuable to the mission operations community

High Medium Low

Product 2 - Consolidated Results

High Medium Low

The consolidated results of the Standard Assessment / Availability and Scenario Based Evaluations are shown in the matrix belowInterface Functional Needs

Surface Suit Living Habitat Work Habitat Health Habitat Power Systems Surface Transportation &

Handling Systems

Communication Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production Emergency Egress Systems


Maintenance

Scientific Instruments &

Equipment



Atmosphere/Environmental(pressure, temperature, composition, humidity, trace gases and contaminants, ionization, radiation shielding & hardening, environmental monitoring)Water (purity, sterility, sterilization approach, electric conductivity, ion balance, isotope composition, trace minerals)








Navigation (real-time surface location, geographic features, hazard identificaiton)

Standards Teaming- A Multi Country Example

CLICK TO PLAY VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqC2z3g8miA

• Power

• Water

• Human Factors

• Unpressurized Mechanical Interfaces

• Communication Protocol

• Atmosphere / Environmental

• Materials

• Reactants / Working Media

Functional Needs with High Rating Based on Standards Assessment / Availability (prioritized)

Re

lativ

eR

ela

tive

Imp

orta

nce

Functional Needs with High Rating Based on Scenarios Exercise (prioritized)

• Communication Protocol

• Power

• Atmosphere / Environmental

• Pressurized Mechanical Interfaces

• Unpressurized Mechanical Interfaces

• Human Factors

• Reactants / Working Media

• Materials

• Waste Management / Recycling

Re

lativ

eR

ela

tive

Imp

orta

nce

Functional Area for Standards Standards Research Contact

Power Dallas Bienhoff (Boeing)

Water Ariel Gatti (ATK)

Human Factors Adam Dissel (LM)

Unpressurized Mechanical Interfaces Randy Correll (Ball)

Communication Protocol Hal Smith (Raytheon)

Atmosphere / Environmental Kip McClung (USA)

Materials Martin Frederick (NG)

Navigation Ed Banas (Honeywell)

Reactants / Working Media William Kosmann (Orbital)

Product 3Standard Source Identification / STWG Contacts

• Product 3 was envisioned as a compilation of existing standards from many industries and nations which were identified as having possible application for a Lunar outpost.

• STWG member companies were each assigned an identified Lunar outpost functional area in which to research sources of existing U.S. and international standards. A standard source description form was created to capture each.

Product 3Standard Source Description Form / Water ExampleFunctional Area: Water

STWG Focal Point:

Ariel C. Gatti Email [email protected]

Phone (626)407-5872

Synopsis of Top Level Functional Requirements or Objectives(Based on Matrix and Scenarios)

Water quality standards exist to maintain quantifiable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water. The primary uses considered for such characterization are parameters which relate to drinking water, safety of human contact, and for health of ecosystems. Water quality standards, at least as it relates to human consumption, are as applicable on Earth as on the Moon.

Applicable Standard(Specific Document Info)

Responsible Group/Agency Point of Contact (Name, email/phone)

U.S. Standards:Water quality standards exist on a national level as legislated by congress and enforced through federal agencies. One agency is the Environmental Protection Agency, an agency of the federal government charged with protecting human health and with safeguarding the natural environment.

The EPA has formed the National Drinking Water Advisory Council (NDWAC). The NDWAC is a 15-member board comprised of five members of the general public, five reps of state and local agencies, and five reps of private organizations and groups demonstrating an active interest in water hygiene and public water supply.

NDWAC Chairman (acting)Gregg GrunenfelderDivision of Environmental HealthWashington State Dept. of HealthOlympia ,WA ([email protected])(360) 236-3050

International Standards:The International Organization for Standardization, ISO, also maintains several standards. ISO is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards. It is a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries, one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system.

- Water quality is regulated by ISO. Standards exist for water sampling, drinking water, industrial class water, sewage water, and examination of water for chemical, physical or biological properties.Water quality regulation is covered in the section of ICS 13.060. Section of ICS 91.140.60 covers the standards of water supply systems.

ISO members and technical committees can be contacted via ISO website. (WWW.ISO.ORG)

STWG Contact Information

Synopsis of Top Level Functional Requirements

Applicable Standard

Responsible Group / Agency

Point of Contact

mailto:[email protected]



Product 3 Examples of Standards Sources

Functional Area for Standards

U.S. Standards International Standards

Power (Boeing) Enmax; International Space Station Program

Water (ATK) EPA, NDWAC International Standards Organization (ISO)

Human Factors (LM) Dept. of Defense (DOD), FAA ISO, International Labour Organization (ILO)

Unpressurized Mechanical Interfaces (BALL)

AIAA ISO

Communication Protocol (Raytheon)

Dept. of Commerce, Naval Observatory, American Inter Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG)

IEEE, International Telecommunication Union (ITU); European Technical Standards Institute (ETSI)

Atmosphere / Environmental (USA)

NAVSEA; OSHA; National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP); Air Standardization Coordinating Committee

International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP); International Space University (ISU)

Navigation (Honeywell) AIAA; ANSI ISO

Product 3 Summary of Standards Sources

STWG has created a standard standards evaluation form which contains standards sources and contact info for each functional area.

In researching standards, it was noted that each functional area may be decomposed into more specific areas each of which may have identifiable standards sources (e.g. Human Factors is composed of Anthropometry, Human Factors Engineering, Physiology, Human Environments, etc.)

Also noted is the need for emphasis on identification of standards organizations in addition to the standards themselves. For some functional areas, individual standards may evolve quickly (e.g. Communications) and contact with interested standards organizations will be required for proper updates.

Identified international standards to date are primarily European. Additional research should consider other international organizations (for example India, Asia, etc).

In discussion with NASA leadership in May 2008, it was determined that some method of evaluation should be implemented to assess the applicability, value, and integrity of the standards and sources that were being identified. Four metrics of evaluation have therefore been instituted by which to judge each standard.

Pervasiveness (How widespread is standard in current use? )

Applicability (Does standard apply to a space application?)

Timeliness (When does standard become needed based on Temporal Assessment?)

Spaceflight History (Has the standard been applied in past or current spaceflight?

IndustryIndustry NationalNational GlobalGlobal Most Widespread

Use

Most Directly

Applicable

Direct Application Direct Application is Possibleis Possible

SpecialtySpecialty

Nearest Term Need Based on

Temporal Assessment

Supports Near-Term Supports Near-Term Standard NeedStandard Need

Supports Late-Term Supports Late-Term Standard NeedStandard Need

Supports Mid-Term Supports Mid-Term Standard NeedStandard Need

11 22 33

11 22 33

Applicable with Applicable with Minor AdaptationMinor Adaptation

Significant Modification Significant Modification RequiredRequired

Product 3Standards Evaluation Metrics

No Spaceflight No Spaceflight HistoryHistory

Yes, Successful Spaceflight HistoryYes, Successful Spaceflight History

Product 3Evaluation Database / Human Factors Example

Product 3 Summary of Standards Evaluation

STWG has created a standards evaluation database to facilitate judgment by NASA of the value or appropriateness of any identified standards.

All STWG team collected data has been captured and evaluated in the database according to the four developed metrics. The Excel template facilitates additional inclusion of identified standards and sorting and comparison of data.

Evaluation provides quick look into which standards in a given functional area are most applicable and timely; building on the previous Lunar outpost standards development work accomplished in Product 1 and Product 2.

Product 3 Development Process

Standards SourceStandards SourceDescription FormDescription Form

Standards Standards Evaluation MetricsEvaluation Metrics

Standards Evaluation Standards Evaluation DatabaseDatabase

Standards Evaluation Results - Summary

The STWG has demonstrated that a multi-industry team can work together to develop products that are useful to NASA

The STWG provides easy access to the enormous amount of participating companies’ technical knowledge

The STWG has an existing network to the international space community that can be accessed by NASA

Standards Evaluation Results - Summary

Process Provided Desired

Information


Long Duration

Surface Suit

Living Habitat

Work Habitat Health Habitat

Power Systems

Surface Transportation &

Handling Systems


Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production

Emergency Egress

Systems


Maintenance

Pressurized mechanical interfaces (docking ports, airlocks/suitlocks, interconnects/couplings) ES2,ES3,E3 LS4,LS11 ES2,LS4,LS11 LS4,LS11 ES2,ES3,E2,E3

ES1,ES2,ES3,LS5

ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3,E3 LS4 ES2,LS4 LS4 ES3,E1 ES1,ES2,ES3,E2 ES2ES1,ES2,ES3,L

S5ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3 LS9,LS11 ES2,LS9,LS11 LS11ES1,ES2,ES3,E2,

LS11ES1,ES2,ES3,E1,

E5,E6ES2,ES3,LS5,L

S11ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3 LS9 ES2,LS9 ES2 ES1,ES2,LS5 ES2

Power (voltage, AC/DC, frequency, stability/tolerances) ES2,ES3,E7 E5,E6,E7

ES1,ES2,ES3,E5,E6,E7

E5,E6,E7 ES2,ES3,E7 ES1,ES2,ES3,E7,E2 ES1,ES2,ES3,E7ES1,ES2,ES3,E

7,LS5E7 ES2,E7 ES3,E7


ES2,ES3,LS2,LS3

ES2,E5,E6,E3,LS2,LS3,LS6

ES1,ES2,ES3,E5,E6,LS2,LS3,L

S6

ES2,E3,E5,E6,LS2,LS3

ES1,ES2,ES3,E2,LS2,LS3

ES1,ES2,ES3,E2, E3,E8

ES1,ES2,ES3 ES2 ES2,ES3


LS1,LS9 ES2,LS9 ES2 ES1,ES2,LS5 ES2


ES2,ES3 ES2 ES1,ES2,ES3,E2ES1,ES2,ES3,L

S5ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3 E5,LS6 ES2,E5,LS6 E3,E5,E6 ES3 ES1,ES2,ES3,E2 ES1 ES1,ES3,LS5 ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3,E3 LS1,LS9,LS13 ES2,LS9,LS13 LS13 ES2,ES3,E2,E3 ES2,E8ES1,ES2,ES3,L

S5ES2 ES3


ES2,ES3,LS8 LS8,LS9 ES2,LS8,LS9 LS8 LS8 ES2,ES3,LS8ES2,ES3,LS5,L

S8ES2 ES3



Suit

Living Habitat

Work Habitat

Health Habitat

Power Systems


& Handling Systems


Logistics Resupply

ISRU Production

Emergency Egress

Systems


& Maintenance


X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X




X X X X X


X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X


X X X X X X X X X X



Scenario Centric Assessment

Value Assessment &

Availability Matrix

List of Sources & Examples

The SEC-STWG used a disciplined approach resulting in valuable products to help NASA

ESMD

The SEC-STWG used a disciplined approach resulting in valuable products to help NASA

ESMD

http://holyname-fishtown.org/db5/00450/holyname-fishtown.org/_uimages/CartoonAccountant.jpg

Significant onramps need to be developed for the commercial industry

Several opportunities for the commercial industry to play a role in space exploration

The Role of Business in Space Exploration

Lunar Exploration (Possible Areas of Commercial Participation)

Launch services

Power

Water

Human Factors

Communication

Atmosphere/Environment

Waste Management/Recycling

Construction

Navigation

The Role of Business in Space Exploration

For more information on the Space Enterprise Council, please visit www.uschamber.com/space

Contact Information

Documents

The Role of Industry in Space Exploration David Logsdon U.S. Chamber of Commerce Space Enterprise Council November 12, 2008