The role of community in forest management and protection (Vietnamese)

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Bn tin FSSPB NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

I TC H TR NGNH LM NGHIP Bn tin ni b - S 36 - 37, Thng 12/2012

VAI TR CA CNG NGTRONG QUN L V BO V RNG

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Lm nghip cng ng: Tng quan v thc t ti Vit Nam

ng qun l v lm nghip cng ng, ging hay khc nhau?

Vai tr ca qun l rng cng ng trong lm nghip bn vng ti Vit Nam

D n Tng cng lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam: Tm quan trng v tin thc hin

ng qun l rng c dng Vit Nam

Th im thc hin tham vn t nguyn, c thng bo trc, c cung cp y

thng tin (FPIC) ti Vit Nam v vai tr ca cng ng trong thc hin REDD+

Bng: Din tch t rng do cng ng qun l trong khu vc ASEAN

Tng cng s tham gia ca cng ng vo vic qun l rng - Nhng kinh nghimca JICA tnh in Bin v Kon Tum

NI DUNG

WINROCK International


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Bn tin FSSPS 36 - 37, Thng 12 /2012

LM NGHIP CNG NG:TNG QUAN V THC T TI VIT NAM

Tng quan v lm nghip cngng trn th gii

Lm nghip cng ng cFAO nh ngha l bt ktnh hung no m ngidn a phng tham gia vo hotng lm nghip. N bao gm mt

lot cc tnh hung t t trngcy ly g cc khu vc thiu gv cc lm sn khc phc v chonhu cu a phng, ti vic trngcy (rng) to thu nhp v ch

bin lm sn ca cp h dn, thth cng hoc cc doanh nghipnh, n cc hot ng ca cccng ng sng trong rng (FAO,1978). Trong sut nhiu thp kqua, nh ngha v lm nghipcng ng tri qua nhiu thayi, t mt nh ngha ch mangtnh k thut n khi nim rng

bao gm tt c cc vn , sngkin, khoa hc, chnh sch, th chv cc qu trnh nhm tng cngvai tr ca ngi dn a phngtrong cng tc qun tr v qun lti nguyn rng. N bao gm ccsng kin khng chnh thc, datheo phong tc v mang tnh bna, v cc sng kin chnh thc

ca nh nc. Lm nghip cngng bao hm cc vn v xhi, kinh t v bo tn trong cchot ng khc nhau, bao gmqun l cc khu rng thing cgi tr vn ha ca ngi dn bna, cc doanh nghip lm nghipnh, cc k hoch pht trin lmnghip, mi quan h hp tc giadoanh nghip-cng ng, phncp v phn quyn trong qun l

rng (RECOFTC 2008).Mc d lm nghip cng ng

c truyn thng t lu i

nhng n thng c nhc titrong mi lin h vi mt qu trnhgn y v qun l rng bi cngng a phng c s h tr

php l, k thut (v ti chnh) tcc ngun bn ngoi. L mt vn trng tm trong thp nin 70,ln sng v lm nghip cng nggn y tip tc pht trin trongsut nhng thp k qua nhiuquc gia. L do chnh gii thchcho vic khuyn khch s tham giaca cng ng vo cng tc qunl rng (theo Brown 1999) gm:

- Khong cch ti ti nguyn

rng: ngi dn a phng sngtrong hay gn rng v do vy h lnhng ngi ph hp nht m

bo hot ng qun l rng c hiuqu.

- Tc ng: cng ng aphng l nhng ngi m cchot ng sinh k ca h c nhhng nhiu nht n ti nguynrng v do vy h cn phi thamgia vo cng tc qun l ti nguyn

rng.- Cng bng: rng cn c

qun l bi cng ng a phng

m bo li ch c phn bcho h mt cch ph hp.

- Sinh k: Ti nguyn rng ngvai tr quan trng trong sinh k ca

cng ng a phng. S thamgia ca cng ng a phngvo cng tc qun l rng s tora nhng thay i ng k trong

phng thc qun l rng nhmm bo v/hoc a dng ha lich t rng.

- Ci thin ti nguyn rng:s tham gia ca cng ng a

phng vo cng tc qun l rngc th gip ci thin ti nguyn

rng mt cch tt hn so vi chnhph.

- a dng sinh hc: M hnhqun l rng cng ng c thgip cho vic bo tn a dng sinhhc tt hn so vi m hnh qun lrng cng nghip.

- Hiu qu chi ph: Chi ph qunl rng trc tip bi nh nc cth rt cao v qun l rng cng

ng c th l mt bin php ctgim chi ph.

- Thch ng: vic tha nhn s

Nguyn Quang Tn,

RECOFTC,Trung tm v Con ngi v Rng

Rng gn vi nui gia sc v sinh k RECOFTC


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a dng vn ha v sinh k khuynkhch vic p dng mt phng

php tip cn tp trung vo stham gia ca a phng v thchng vi bi cnh a phng.

- Qun tr: Vic khuyn khchcng ng v cc t chc cng

ng tham gia vo qun l rng cth h tr vic xy dng nguyntc trong qun l lm nghip, xydng cc bin php kim tra v

nh gi dch v cng.

- Quan im pht trin: lmnghip cng ng c th ph hpvi cc chin lc h tr pht trinca cng ng quc t. Cc chinlc ny t u tin cao cho ccnguyn tc v s tham gia ca

cng ng, phn cp, phn quynv h tr, cng nh thc y stham gia ca cc t chc x hidn s.

Trong thc t, lm nghip cngng c th hin di nhiuhnh thc khc nhau, bao gm mhnh qun l rng chung (JFM),qun l rng hp tc, ng qunl rng v cc m hnh qun lrng tng t nh vy. Cc thutng khc c s dng trong cc

ti liu gm qun l rng da vocng ng (CBFM), v qun lrng c s tham gia (PFM). D hnh thc qun l no th r rngl rng cng ng tr thnhmt hp phn quan trng trong ccchng trnh/d n lm nghip cc nc nhit i bng ngun vnti tr quc t, v l mt phn quantrng ca chnh sch v thc tinlm nghip trn th gii (Brown

1999). iu ny cho thy s thanhn vai tr quan trng ca rngtrong sinh k nng thn, c bitl i vi cc cng ng nghov sng ph thuc vo rng, vs cn thit ca vic tham gia cacc cng ng ny vo qu trnh raquyt nh v thc hin cc hotng lin quan n qun l tinguyn rng (Arnold 2001).

Lm nghip cng ng Vit

Nam v cc vn chnh cnxem xt

Qun l rng cng ng khng

Cc im mc quan trng trong qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam

1976: Quc hu ha ti nguyn rng, nh du thi k lm nghip qucdoanh

1991: Lut Pht trin v Bo v rng c thng qua, nh du s tham giaca ngi dn a phng vo cng tc bo v v pht trin rng

1993: Lut t ai c thng qua, quy nh cc quyn ca ngi s dngt c php cho thu, chuyn i, tha k, th chp v chuyn nhngquyn s dng t

Nhng nm 90: Chnh sch i mi hng dng rng v cc d n thim v qun l lm nghip cng ng trn ton quc

2003: Lut t ai c thng qua, cng nhn quyn hng dng t cacng ng

2004: Lut Bo v v Pht trin rng c thng qua, cng nhn quynhng dng rng ca cng ng

Nhng nm 2000: Chnh sch i mi v hng dng rng v cc d nth im v qun l rng cng ng tip tc c thc hin. D n th imquc gia v lm nghip cng ng

Trong cc vn bn chnhthc, Lm nghipcng ng Vit Namthng ni n mt

khi nim hp v dintch rng c c thnbn qun l. Trong thct, lm nghip cngng c tin hnh c nhng khu rng cgiao cho h bi ngidn a phng thnghp tc vi nhau

qun l rng theo hnhthc tp th.

Mng rng l mt phn ba n hng ngy ca ngi a phng

RECOFTC


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phi l vn mi Vit Nam. Nhiu nghin cu phn tch s tn ti ca cc m hnh qun l rngtruyn thng ca ngi dn a phng ti vng khcnhau (L Th Vn Hu 2001; Nguyn Quang Tn2005, Phm Xun Phng 2004). T u thp nin90, vic thc hin chnh sch giao t giao rng v s

h tr t cc d n pht trin quc t trong ngnh lmnghip (xem hp trn) thc y s tham gia cacng ng a phng vo cng tc qun l rng ngycng tng. u thp nin 2000, s tha nhn php lv quyn hng dng t v rng ca cng ng tip tc khuyn khch s pht trin lm nghip cngng.

Nhn chung, Chnh ph Vit Nam xy dngc nn tng vng chc pht trin qun l lmnghip cng ng thng qua chnh sch i mi v

quyn hng dng t. Giao t giao rng l iukin tin quyt quan trng v cn thit cng nga phng qun l rng bn vng, thu c li ch trng v tham gia v qu trnh ra quyt nh mt cchch ng. Cui nm 2011, khong 26% tng din tchrng trn c nc l do ngi dn a phng qunl, di hnh thc h gia nh, c nhn hoc tp th.

Tuy nhin, ch c quyn vn cha . Vic chuyngiao quyn hng dng s ch em li nhng tc ngmi trng, kinh t, chnh tr v vn ha mong munvi iu kin cng ng a phng c th thc hin

c quyn ca h nh php lut quy nh. Ngoi ra,tm quan trng ngy cng tng ca cc khung chnhsch mi, nh PFES v REDD+, i hi phi p dngcc phng php i mi gip cng ng tip cn vicc phng thc mi v qun tr rng. Tng t nhvy, s tham gia vo cng tc qun l cc khu bo tn

v qu trnh ra quyt nh v qun tr rng l cc vn quan trng.

Mc d lm nghip cng ng c cng nhnl mt phn quan trng trong chnh sch lm nghipv qun l rng, nhng tin trnh thc hin ca lmnghip cng ng li din ra chm chp trong mtvi nm qua do c nhiu l do. pht trin lmnghip cng ng trong tng lai, cn cn nhc ccvn di y (Thomas Sikor v Nguyn QuangTn, 2011):

- Sa i quy trnh lp k hoch v qun l rngv chia s li ch: Chnh ph cn thc y qu trnhm phn gia cng ng v chnh quyn a phngtrong khun kh chnh sch an ton quc gia. Mtchnh sch chia s li ch nh vy s thc y qutrnh m phn v qun l rng v chia s li ch vichnh quyn a phng. Tuy nhin, iu ny cngi hi cng ng v chnh quyn a phng tunth cc iu khon khung ca quc gia.

- a cng ng tr thnh i tc trong cc chngtrnh PFES v REDD+ trong tng lai: Chnh ph cn

khuyn khch p dng cc hp ng t nguyn, datrn hiu qu thc hin v vic cung cp cc dch vh sinh thi rng v hp th carbon. Cng ng a

phng s m phn hp ng dch v mi trngvi cc c quan nh nc c lin quan cp huyn.Trong qu trnh m phn cn cng nhau quy nhhiu qu thc hin qun l rng v cc hnh thc khenthng lin quan.

- M rng giao t giao rng cho cng ng aphng: Chnh ph cn xy dng v p dng quytrnh giao t giao rng ph hp vi nhu cu v tnhhnh thc k a phng. Cc nh hoch nh chnhsch quc gia cn thc thi cc chnh sch an ton trnh vic nhng ngi c quyn lc thu tm ht lich t qu trnh ny.

- Kim sot cng tc qun tr rng a phng:Chnh ph cn p dng cc quy trnh m phn vng qun tr rng gia cng ng v chnh quyn a

phng. Cng ng a phng s c trao quyn xy dng cc quy nh lin quan n rng trongkhun kh quy nh chung ca nh nc.

- H tr cng ng a phng qun l rng: Chnhph cn xy dng khung php l v ti chnh ph hph tr hot ng ca cc t chc x hi dn s trong

S l hnh thc cng nhn chnh thc quyn cacng ng i vi t rng

RECOFTC



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ngnh lm nghip. Mc d cc t chc x hi dns c th khng phi lc no cng l cc c quan ckh nng chuyn mn tt nht v qun l rng, nhngh li c u th cnh tranh vi cc c quan nh ncthng qua c cu t chc linh hot v kh nng png cc yu cu v mong mun ca cng ng a

phng.

Cui cng, xin lu ti mt s l do chnh ti saocn thc y lm nghip cng ng v ti sao lmnghip cng ng li c th ng gp vo cc mctiu chnh sch quan trng ca Vit Nam (ThomasSikor v Nguyn Quang Tn, 2011), bao gm:

- Qun l rng cng ng hot ng c hiu qutrn thc t: Cng ng a phng ang qun l mtdin tch rng ln v li ch mi trng v v li chca chnh h, mc d c th c hoc khng c s tha

nhn ca nh nc v cc quyn php l i vi rng- Bin php gim ngho cc vng rng min ni:

Rng cung cp nhiu ti nguyn cho ngi dn aphng, tha mn c nhu cu thit yu ca h v tora thu nhp. Lm nghip cng ng to ra mt dinn cc thnh vin cng ng c c hi tho lunv thng nht v c ch chia s li ch v chin lcqun l rng c li cho ngi ngho.

- Qun l rng cng ng tng cng dn ch aphng: Lm nghip cng ng c th gp phn vo

nhng n lc m Chnh ph ang thc hin nhm tngcng dn ch c s. Vic trao quyn qun l v sdng rng cho ngi dn s tng cng s tham giaca h vo qu trnh ra cc quyt nh c nh hngn i sng ca h.

- Cng nhn vn ha a phng thng qua lmnghip cng ng: Rng l yu t quan trng trongvn ha a phng nhiu vng, min v vic sdng v qun l rng gn cht vi gi tr v tm nhnca ngi dn v cnh quan mong i v tng laiy ha hn. Vic pht trin lm nghip cng ng s

h tr nhng n lc ny nhm cng nhn cc truynthng vn ha c trng.

- Qun l rng cng ng v cc cam kt quc t:Vic pht trin qun l lm nghip cng ng s gipVit Nam hon thnh cc cam kt quc t, nh Tuyn

b ca Lin Hip quc v Quyn ca Ngi bn a(UNDRIP), v Cng c v a dng sinh hc (CBD).

Ti liu tham kho

Arnold, J. E. M. (2001).Rng v con ngi: Hai lm nm thc hinlm nghip cng ng. Rome, Italy: T chc Lng thc v Nngnghip ca Lin hip quc.

Brown, D. (1999) Cc nguyn tc & Thc tin ca m hnh ngqun l rng: Bng chng t khu vc Ty trung Phi, Ti liu s 2 v

Lm nghip nhit i ca Lin minh Chu u, London: ODI.

FAO. 1978.Lm nghip v s pht trin ca cng ng a phng.Ti liu Lm nghip s 7. Rome.

L Th Vn Hu. Cc c ch th ch qun l rng ngp mn davo cng ng ti thn Giao Lc, huyn Giao Thy, tnh Nam nh,Vit Nam. Bn tin IDS s 32 (2001): 71-7.

Nguyn Quang Tn.Li ch g v cho ai? Nhng tc ng ca victrao quyn qun l rng ak Lak, Vit Nam. V. Beckmann & K.Hagedorn (eds). Aachen, c: Shaker Verlag, 2005.

Phm Xun Phng.Bo co Thc trng Qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam v nhng vn t ra. 2004. H Ni

RECOFTC (Trung tm v Con ngi v Rng). Ngi dn v Rngtrong thi im ca s thay i nhanh chng K hoch Chin lcca RECOFTC giai on 2008-2013. 2008. Bangkok, Thi Lan

Thomas Sikor v Nguyn Quang Tn (hiu nh). Nhn thc quyni vi rng Vit Nam: Gii quyt nhng vn trong qun l rngcng ng. 2011. Bangkok, Thi Lan

RECOFTC TRUNG TM V CON NGI V RNG

RECOFTC c thnh lp nm 1987 vi tn giTrung tm o to Lm nghip Cng ng chokhu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng, tr s chnh tiBng Cc, Thi Lan. T nm 1989, RECOFTC bt ucc hot ng nng cao nng lc quy m khu vc.Tn gi ny c thay i l RECOFTC Trung tmv con ngi v rng t nm 2009 phn nh bctrng thnh t mt trung tm o to tr thnhngi dn u v cung cp thng tin, o to, vnng chnh sch v cc h tr khc trong lnh vclm nghip cng ng.

Nm 2006, RECOFTC bt u trin khai cc hotng ti Vit Nam. Nm 2010, vn phng Chngtrnh quc gia Vit Nam ca RECOFTC chnh thcbc vo hot ng. Vi s mnh chung, nhmnng cao nng lc tt c cc cp h tr ngidn pht trin lm nghip cng ng v qun lti nguyn rng hiu qu v tch cc, Chng trnhquc gia Vit Nam v ang cung cp cc khotp hun, thc hin cc nghin cu nh gi, cngnh thc y qu trnh hon thin chnh sch h trhot ng lm nghip cng ng ti Vit Nam. Cchot ng ca RECOFTC tp chung vo bn ch chnh:

- Duy tr v pht trin lm nghip cng ng

- Con ngi, rng v bin i kh hu

- Qun l v chuyn i mu thun

- Th trng v sinh k


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NG QUN L V LM NGHIP CNG NG,

GING HAY KHC NHAU?Ts Klaus Schmitt,

C vn trng, Chng trnh Qun l ti nguyn thin nhin vng duyn hi tnh Sc Trng

Nu bn nghin cu ti liu,bn s tm thy nhiu nhngha khc nhau cho ngqun l v lm nghip cng ng;v, c bit i vi lm nghipcng ng, cc nh ngha khcnhau t nc ny sang nc khc.V th khng th so snh hai nhngha n gin v c chp nhn

rng ri tr li cu hi l ngqun l rng v lm nghip cngng ging hay khc nhau. trli cu hi ny, chng ta cn xemxt cc yu t chnh ca cc nhngha v so snh chng.

ng qun l

Mt trong nhng ti liu tondin v cp nht nht v ng qunl l bi vit ca Borini-Feyera-

bend (2011), tm tt nhng tinb ca cc chnh sch v hip cbo tn quc t trong 15 nm quav kt lun rng nhng hip cny khng ch ni v s tham gia,nn vn ha v tnh cng bng mcn cp n qun tr. Ngcli vi qun l l lin quan nlm g Qun tr lin quan n aiquyt nh lm g. V vy thut ngqun tr chia s nn c s dng

khi ni v ng qun l trnhtp trung mt chiu vo lm g v bao gm yu t quan trng aiquyt nh lm g. Trong bi vitny, thut ng ng qun l cs dng vi s hiu bit r l n

bao gm qun tr chia s.

Qun tr chia s hay ng qunl l mt loi qun l/qun trtrong quyn ra quyt nh, trchnhim v trch nhim gii trnh

c chia s gia c quan nhnc v cc bn lin quan khc,c bit l ngi dn bn a v

cng ng a phng, l nhngi tng sinh sng ph thuc voti nguyn.

ng qun l c th c nhnthy dc theo mt th lin tc gia tnh hung c quan nh ncton quyn kim sot (chng hnnh Vn Quc gia do c quannh nc qun l) v tnh hungcc ch th a phng ton quynkim sot (xem bng 3, trang 27,

Dudley 2008).ng qun l c th t c

thng qua qu trnh thng lng/m phn qua i din chnhquyn, cng ng v cc ch thkhc gp g, trao i quan im,tm thy mt tha thun v ccmc tiu v gii php v xy dngmt tha thun ng qun l hunh chnh thc v chia s quynhn, trch nhim v gii trnh trch

nhim lin quan n lnh th, khuvc hay cc ngun ti nguyn thinnhin ang b e da.

Th ch qun tr chia s s mbo cc bn lin quan khng ch xl cc vn k thut v thc tkhi thc hin tha thun (lm g vcc ngun ti nguyn thin nhinang b e da), m cn gii quytcc qu trnh v ra quyt nh vcc th ch.

ng qun l l cch tip cnc p dng rng ri trn ton thgii. Tuy nhin, cc hnh thc tin

hnh thng lng/m phn khcnhau v cng, cng nh cc thathun v th ch c c. Nhiu vd t tt c cc ni trn th gii cth c tm thy trong n phmca Borrini-Feyerabend et al.(2004) v mt v d t ng bngsng Cu Long c trnh by biLloyd (2010) v Schmitt (2011).

Cc yu t hay cc c imch yu ca ng qun l so vi

cc hnh thc khc ca qun tr vqun l c th c tm tt nh:(1) qu trnh thng lng/m

Hp nhm ng qun l ti p V Thnh Vn, C Lao Dung, Sc Trng

GZ


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phn; (2) tha thun ng qun l;v (3) th ch qun tr a nguyn/

ban qun l.

Lm nghip cng ng

Hu ht cc nh ngha v lmnghip cng ng nhn mnh tmquan trng ca s tham gia v chias li ch. Lm nghip cng ng

thng c xem nh mt qutrnh gia tng s tham gia ca vkhen thng cho ngi dn a

phng; tm kim s cn bng giaquyn li bn ngoi v quyn licng ng v gia tng trch nhima phng trong vic qun l tinguyn rng. Ging nh ngqun l, n cng thng c xeml kinh nghim hc tp cho tt ccc bn tham gia.

Lm nghip cng ng cxc nh ln u tin bi t chc

Nng lng Th gii (FAO) nm1978, v c th c nh nghanh mt thut ng bao trm miut mt phm vi rng cc hot nggn ngi dn a phng vi rngv cc sn phm v li ch t rng.

Vit Nam, rng cng nghay lm nghip cng ng cpn mt phm vi rng lin quan

n cc hnh thc qun l trongqun l rng, bao gm qun l bna truyn thng v qun l rng

di hi v cc hp tc x. Quyns dng t c trao thng quas dng t c cng nhn theocch truyn thng hoc theo khc (s xanh, cc hp ng bov rng hng nm), hoc lm cht di hn di hnh thc s (Wode v Huy 2009). Cc tc giny nh ngha lm nghip cngng nh cc hnh thc qun ltrong ngi dn a phngcng nhau qun l cc ngun rngt nhin trong ranh gii cng ngca h m ti quyn s dng ludi c chuyn giao sang chonhng ngi qun l rng. iuny khng bao gm cc hnh thctrong ngi dn a phngch c tham gia k hp ngthu rng (s xanh) trong khi giychng nhn s dng t vn thuc

v mt cng ty lm nghip hocn v nh nc.

Tm li, lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam l qun l rng tptrung vo lm sinh bao gm sdng g v lm sn ngoi g, lmgiu rng t nhin, trng rng trnt trng v cc li ch t dch vmi trng.

Kt lun

Khi so snh cc yu t ch yuca ng qun l v lm nghipcng ng, r rng l qun tr chia

Hp lp k hoch ng qun l ti C Lao Dung, Sc Trng GIZ

s l yu t phn bit chnh. Lmnghip cng ng nhn mnh rv qun l v hn na Vit Nam,v giao t rng. Trong lm nghipcng ng vai tr ca chnh quynthng l vai tr ca mt c vn k

thut, ch khng phi l ca mtngi cng ra quyt nh nghal khng phi v qun tr chia s,m v qun l.

Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gny, cc vn lin quan nqun tr tr nn ngy cng quantrng hn trong lm nghip cngng. Vit Nam, ch c c cuqun tr c cng nhn t gc

php l l qun l rng bi ton phay qun l rng cp p (Sikor vNguyn 2011). V vy, lm nghipcng ng c th c m t nhmt hnh thc qun tr cng ng(Borrini-Feyerabend et al. 2010)m hnh thc ny khc vi ngqun l l qun l chung hay quntr chia s.

Mt yu t phn bit khc l lmnghip cng ng v giao t

khng hot ng hiu qu trongmi tnh hung. Sikor v Nguyn(2011) kt lun rng vic chuyngiao quyn s dng cho cng ngc t gi tr nu ngha v bo vrng quan trng hn quyn qunl rng. iu ny v d nh trongtrng hp khi xem xt rng ngpmn. y ng qun l l cchhiu qu duy tr v tng cngchc nng phng h ca rng ngp

mn trong khi cng lc cung cpsinh k cho cng ng a phng(Schmitt 2011). Trong tnh hnhnh vy, lm nghip cng ngkhng hot ng hiu qu.

Lm nghip cng ng (qun trcng ng) Vit Nam v ngqun l (qun tr chia s) l nhnghnh thc khc nhau ca qun lv qun tr m c hai hnh thc nynn c p dng bt c ni no

ph hp theo cch tip cn qun ltng hp v ph hp vi tng aim ti nguyn thin nhin.


8/24

m bo rng rng VitNam ng gp vo spht trin bn vng caquc gia i hi phi c ci cchc bn v chnh sch v thc tin. thi im ny, chnh sch itrc thc tin, c bit l trong

lnh vc PES, REDD, qun l khubo tn c s tham gia, v vic angi dn trng rng quy m nhvo chui cung cp g. Cng vinhng kha cnh khc, tn dngcc c hi ny cn c nhng cithin ng k trong vic nng caokh nng ca cng ng trongvic t t chc v ng qun l tinguyn rng.Vi tng ny, bi

vit ny tm tt cc kt qu ca hitho qun l rng cng ng (lmnghip cng ng - LNC) doIUCN, T chc quc t v Bo tnthin nhin, v RECOFTC, Trungtm Con ngi v Rng, t chcvo thng 6/2011.

Cc i biu tho lun xungquanh su vn sau:

1. T cch php nhn cacng ng

Rt nhiu nghin cu cho rngB Lut Dn S 2005 nn sa i tha nhn cc cng ng a

phng c t cch php nhn vnh , Lut Dn S c th nhtqun vi Lut Lm Nghip 2004.Tuy nhin, khi c hi th khng

i biu no c th a ra v d vcc nc Chu khc chp nhncc thn bn c t cch php nhn.

08


Ti liu tham kho

Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Pimbert, M., Far-var, M.T., Kothari, A. and Renard, Y. (2004).Sharing Power Learning by Doing in Co-management of Natural Resources through-out the World. IIED and IUCN/CEESP/CMWG, Cenesta, Teheran. 456 pp. http://

www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/ceesp/ceesp_publications/sharing_power.cfm

Borrini-Feyerabend, G. et al. (2010). Bio-cultural Diversity Conserved by IndigenousPeoples and Local Communities Examplesand Analysis. ICCA Consortium and Cenestafor GEF SGP, GTZ, IIED and IUCN/CEESP,Theheran. 71 pp. http://www.iccaforum.org/images/stories/Database/ea%20icca%20eng-lish.pdf

Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (2011). Bo co dn: ng qun l v qun tr chia s

Gii php hiu qu v cng bng ivi ti nguyn thin nhin v cc khu vcbo tn? trang 5-25. Theo: Spelchan, D.G,Nicoll, I .A. v Nguyn, T.P.H. (eds.): ngqun l /Qun tr chia s ngun Ti nguynThin nhin v cc khu Bo tn ti Vit Nam.K yu Hi tho Quc gia v ng qun l:Khi nim v Thc tin ti Vit Nam, ScTrng ngy 17-19/3/2010. Deutsche Gesell-schaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit(GIZ) GmbH, Qun l Ngun Ti nguynThin nhin Vng Ven bin Tnh Sc Trng,Vit Nam. http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/vn/Publications.aspx

Dudley, N. ed. (2008). Guidelines for Apply-ing Protected Area Management Categories.IUCN WCPA, Gland (Switzerland). 86 pp.http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/PAPS-

L mt t chc thuc chnh ph c, Deutsche Gesellschaft fr

Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH h tr Chnh ph chon thnh cc mc tiu ca mnh trong lnh vc hp tc quc thng ti pht trin bn vng.

T nm 1993, GIZ v ang trin khai tch cc cc hot ng camnh vi i tc ti Vit Nam trong 3 lnh vu u tin ca hp tcpht trin: 1) Pht trin Kinh t Bn vng v o to Ngh; 2)Chnh sch Mi trng, Ngun ti nguyn v Pht trin th;v 3)Y t.

Cc hot ng ca GIZ c thc hin di s y quyn ca BHp tc Kinh t v Pht trin CHLB c (BMZ) v B Mi trng,Bo tn Thin nhin v An ton Ht nhn CHLB c (BMU). Bn

cnh , GIZ cng hp tc vi C quan Pht trin Quc t xtrylia(AusAID), Lin minh Chu u (EU) v Ngn hng KfW Entwick-lungsbank.

016.pdf

FAO (1978). Forestry for Local CommunityDevelopment. Forestry Paper 7, Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Na-tions, Rome. http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0692e/t0692e00.htm

Lloyd, R. (2010).ng qun l p u Th B:Mt th nghim th im cho vng ven binTnh Sc Trng. Deutsche Gesellschaft frTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH,Qun l Ngun Ti nguyn Thin nhinVng Ven bin Tnh Sc Trng. 91 trang.http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/vn/Publications.aspx.

Schmitt, K. (2011). Bo tn hiu qu rngngp mn thng qua ng qun l ti ngbng sng Cu Long, Vit Nam, trang 89-102. Theo: Spelchan, D.G, Nicoll, I.A. vNguyen, T.P.H. (eds.): xem Borrini-Feyera-bend (2011). http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/vn/

Publications.aspx

Sikor, T. and Nguyen, Q.T. eds. (2011). Re-alizing Forest Rights in Vietnam: AddressingIssues in Community Forest Management.RECOFTC The Center for People and For-ests, Bangkok, Thailand. 59 pp. http://dl.is.vnu.edu.vn/bitstream/123456789/392/1/AF574d01.pdf

Wode, B. v Huy, B. (2009). Nghin cuThc trng Lm nghip Cng ng VitNam. Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusam-menarbeit (GTZ), H Ni.104 trang.

http://www.socialforestry.org.vn/Document/DocumentVn/CFM%20State%20of%20

the%20Art.Viet.pdf


9/24

VAI TR CA QUN L RNG CNG NGTRONG LM NGHIP BN VNG TI VIT NAM

Jake Brunner,

iu phi vin chng trnh, IUCN, H Ni, Vit Nam

Cc i biu t ra rt hoi nghiv kh nng Lut Dn S c thchp nhn cng ng nh mt phpnhn. Tuy nhin, bn thn cngng c c coi l mt php nhnhay khng khng hn l mt vn ln m vn ch liu lut

php c cho php h thnh lp cct chc c t cch php nhn nhcc ban qun l hoc hip hi cqun l h c th m ti khonngn hng, k hp ng, v.v. Nghnh 151 ban hnh nm 2007 cho

php cng ng c php lmnh vy v nh trng hp caGIZ, h p dng Ngh nh ny thnh lp mt ban qun l rng

ti Sc Trng nhm m phn thathun ng qun l rng ngp mnvi chnh quyn a phng.

Cch tip cn ny cng s phhp khi khng phi tt c cc thnhvin ca cng ng u mun thamgia qun l rng. Trong trng hpny, mt nhm h gia nh c thhp li thnh lp mt t chc

c t cch php nhn qun lrng. Phng php tip cn linhhot ny khng ch ph hp vilut php m cn mang li cho B

NN&PTNT mt m hnh qun llm nghip c t ri ro.

2. Nhng quan tm ca Chnhph i vi LNC

Xoay quanh cu hi: v sao sau15 nm th nghim, trong ni bB NN&PTNT vn c nhng quan

im tri chiu v LNC, mt svn c a ra tho lun.Th nht, mi d n th nghimli s dng mt phng php khcnhau v th B NN&PTNT khngc mt phng php chun thchin theo. Th hai, cha c mt v

d no v LNC c gii thiuthnh cng m khng c s htr bn ngoi di hn. Th ba, rtnhiu quan chc chnh ph khngtin tng vo kh nng ca cngng c th qun l rng hp l.M hnh hp tc x nng nghip li nhng k c khng ttv vic ch c mt nhm nh chng li t hp tc x (Mc d

khng c tho lun trong hitho, mt nguyn nhn khc c thl vic gii thiu LNC ch cnmt ngun vn u t nh nhngs tn nhiu thi gian nn nkhng hp dn vi cc nh hochnh chnh sch). V bt c l do gth xut hin mt b phn trongB NN&PTNT khng ng h vicm rng LNC.

3. Hng dn khai thc

Nhng nh gi v giai on 1,D n Th nghim Lm nghipcng ng ca B NN&PTNT chothy nhng hng dn khai thcqu phc tp v tn nhiu ngunlc ca cng ng. KfW c nhngkinh nghim tng t Qung

Ngi v theo hng dn ca Bth k hoch khai thc phi do mtn v lm nghip chuyn nghip

09


chun b. Chi ph chun b cho khoch, cng vi thi gian ch phduyt s gim thu nhp ca cngng ti mc gn nh khng cli nhun t khai thc. iu ny cngha l s khng c kinh ph thc hin cc hot ng bo v

rng thng thng, v vic duy trton b d n s gp kh khn.

Tuy nhin, gn y BNN&PTNT ban hnh nhnghng dn mi cho php cng nga phng t chun b k hochkhai thc ca ring h v trnh lnUBND huyn ph duyt (hockhng c ph duyt) trong vng

mi ngy. Trc y, phi mthng thng th mi c kt qu. Vth, khi nhng ro cn trn cxa b, nhng li ch kinh t caLNC l kh kh quan v m hnhc th c nhn rng (t nht l nhng khu rng c cht lng tt)

4. LNC l mt h thng qunl rng c iu kin

Mt iu d nhn thy l d nKfW 6 v cc d n khc l, trongnhng iu kin c th, LNC ckh nng s mang li nhng li chx hi v kinh t kh thi sau khi dn kt thc. Tuy nhin nhng iukin ny kh ngt ngho: nhnga im c chn ca d n KfW

phi l nhng khu rng c din

tch ln v cht lng tt, c sng h mnh m ca chnh quyna phng v c truyn thng


10/24

10


thc hin LNC. Qung Ngi (vba tnh khc Min Trung VitNam tham gia vo cc hot ngca d n KfW) cng l nhng tnhd tip cn. Trong nhng iu kin

ny, chi ph cho LNC s r hnchi ph qun l rng t nhin giaocho cc h gia nh v chi ph phnnh ranh gii, chi ph kim k,thc thi php lut, v.v do nhiu hgia nh cng chia s. Nhng lich khc gm nhng tim nng cac ch chia s li ch v kh nngqun l mt n v lm nghip baogm nhiu n v hnh chnh nh.

Tuy nhin, a phn rng giaocho cng ng l rng ngho v

phn ln l nhng vng ho lnh,cch xa ng ph v ni tiu th.

Ni cch khc, m hnh LNCkhai thc g chi tr cc chi phqun l ca n ch c th p dngtrong mt vi trng hp.

Vy cu hi c t ra l tnhkh thi ca LNC nhng khurng ngho th nh th no? Trongcc cuc phng vn iu tra ti ccthn bn trong bo co ca IUCN/RECOFTC, chi ph giao dch cavic tham gia vo LNC vt quli ch kinh t. iu ny cng cthy nhiu ni khc. V d: mtnghin cu v LNC Tanzania

kt lun rng LNC lm gimchi ph giao dch cho chnh ph(nh chi ph pht sinh ca cc hgia nh tham gia vo cc cuchp v thc hin cc quyt nh tng cng quyn s hu ca cngng i vi cc ti nguyn rnga phng), nhng mt phn lnchi ph ny do nhng ngi dnngho ca cng ng phi gnh

chu v chi ph giao dch l mtnhn t quan trng quyt nh sthnh cng hay tht bi ca LNC

(Charles K. Meshak et al., Trans-action Costs of Community-basedForest Management: EmpiricalEvidence from Tanzania, AfricanJournal of Ecology, 2006). y l

vn ang ni ln ti Vit Namv trong s 2,7 triu ha rng thucquyn qun l ca y Ban NhnDn v c k hoch giao cho cngng vo nm 2020, a phn u lrng ngho kit.

5. LNC/REDD

Mt cch gii quyt vn rng

ngho l c th s dng REDD to cc ng lc ti chnh chocng ng, cho php rng c thc phc hi thng qua vic tisinh rng. S ph hp ca c chti chnh REDD (gi nh quy mca REDD c th m rng, baogm AF/AR khi Ngh nh thKyoto kt thc vo thng 12 nm2012) ch rng ti sinh c th

hp th carbon rt nhanh (khngnh rng trng thnh). Xy dngmt chin lc ti chnh khi

phc nhng khu rng b suy thoic vai tr c bit quan trng v B

NN&PTNT, trc nhng p lct cc doanh nghip, ban hnhthng t 58, cho php trng cao sutrn nhng khu rng c tr lngcy ng di 100 mt khi/hc-

ta (theo FAO, tr lng cy ngtrung bnh ca Vit Nam l 65 m3/hc-ta). Cng c nhiu bo cokhc ni v vic trng cy keo trnt rng suy thoi.

6. Giai on 2, d n thnghim ca B NN&PTNT

Giai on 2, D n th nghim

LNC ca B NN&PTNT c ngnsch hn 2 triu EUR, tin hnht thi im hin ti n ht nm

2012. Mt ch lun c nhcti trong nghin cu ca IUCN/RECOFTC v cc nghin cu khcl vic gii thiu LNC s cn thigian, bn khng th mua LNC

c th tip tc sau khi d n ktthc. V th cu hi t ra: c tht c nhng g trong khongthi gian ngn nh vy? Theo cuctho lun, iu u tin phi lml c c s ng h t lnh oB NN&PTNT nhn rng mhnh LNC vi nhng iu kinng n; hai l phi nghin cukh nng REDD c th ti tr chi

ph giao dch v chi ph c hi chocng ng phc hi nhng khurng b suy thoi.

Nhng kt qu nghin cu caIUCN/RECOFTC, cng vi ccnghin cu khc ca RECOFTC(nh ti Ha Bnh v c-Lc) vnhng bi hc rt ra t nhng d nLNC khc ti Vit Nam s c th

c xem xt thc hin nh mtphn ca d n th nghim LNCca B NN&PTNT. Thm vo ,RECOFTC s chun b mt nhgi LNC ti Vit Nam, gp phnh tr s pht trin ca LNC tiVit Nam trong tng lai.

7. Nhng bnh lun

Kt thc hi tho, Matthew

Markopoulos, iu phi vin ccd n qun l rng ca IUCN rt ra ba bnh lun:

Nu cng ng c traoquyn lc mi, h c th s khaithc bao nhiu ty h mun v vitc h mun (cht v chy)trc khi nhng chnh sch c ththay i v rng s b ng ca ln

na (Trung Quc ang i mt vivn tng t, mt ln sng cht

ph rng sau khi giao rng cho


11/24

11


IUCN c lch s cng tc lu di ti Vit Namt khi t chc ny h tr chnh ph xy dngChin lc Bo tn Quc gia nm 1984. Kt , IUCN c nhng ng gp ng kcho vic bo tn a dng sinh hc v bo vmi trng, c bit l thng qua vic xydng lut v cc chnh sch.

S mnh ton cu ca IUCN l Gy nhhng, khuyn khch, v h tr cc quc gia

trn ton th gii nhm bo tn tnh ton vnv a dng ca thin nhin v m bo rngvic s dng ti nguyn thin nhin hp lv bn vng v mt sinh thi.

Nh nu trong Khung Chin lc 2007 -2010, s mnh ca IUCN Vit Nam l Gynh hng, khuyn khch, v h tr cngcuc bo tn a dng sinh hc v vic sdng ti nguyn thin nhin hp l v bnvng Vit Nam nhm ci thin cht lngcuc sng ngi dn. Tm nhn ca IUCNl: Tr thnh t chc hng u v bo tnv mi trng, hot ng trong mi quan hi tc vi chnh ph Vit Nam, t chc xhi dn s, v khi doanh nghip nhm thcy hot ng pht trin bn vng hiu qunht; duy tr tnh ton vn v mi trng; vthc y sinh k bn vng cho ngi dn.

cc h gia nh ni ln). V th,chnh sch v quyn s dng tn nh rt quan trng, tng tnh trong mt nn chnh tr khngx pht nhng nh hoch nh

chnh sch a phng bit chpnhn ri ro ra nhng quyt nhthng minh.

C mt s ro cn k thut thc hin LNC. Ri ro ln nhtl t nhng xung t ni b vtrch nhim ca ngi ng u,c ch chia s li ch, v.v v tnhng p lc chnh tr v kinh t

bn ngoi. Cc nh ti tr v cc tchc bn ngoi rt kh c th giiquyt nhng vn ny v h nhnmnh vai tr (mi) l chnh phcn phi ng vai tr l ngi htr v l mt quan ta khch quan.

Nhng xung t ni b gia tng liu khng th trnh khi khi cnhng thay i trong th trng vcc iu kin bn ngoi khc.

Cui cng, nhng phn binv LNC khng nn da trn cch t tng hoc nhng kin cnhn. Vit Nam nn ra quyt nhda trn nhng thng tin v nhucu ca th trng v hng hav dch v kinh t, x hi v mitrng t rng v sau tin hnhcc h thng qun l (i vi ccc nhn, h gia nh, cng ng,doanh nghip t nhn, doanhnghip nh nc, v.v) c th tc nhng kt qu trn mt cchtt nht trong nhng iu kinkhc nhau.


12/24

12


D n

TNG CNG LM NGHIP CNG NG VIT NAM:

tm quan trng v tin thc hinDr. Nguyn Ngha Bin, Nguyn Hng L,V K hoch Ti chnh, Tng cc Lm nghip

thnh cng ca d n Chng trnh th imLNC giai on 1 t c tnh bn vng vcng bng x hi mc cao hn.

3. Hon thin v th ch ha mt s vn bn quy

phm php lut h tr cho vic thc hin qun l rngcng ng Vit Nam bao gm cc hng dn kthut v Lm nghip cng ng, Quyt nh ca B

Nng nghip v PTNT v vic trin khai LNC v dtho s b Ngh nh ca Chnh ph.

4. Nng cao nng lc qun l rng cng ng vnng cao nng lc/nhn thc kin thc ca cc bnc lin quan v PFES, REDD, FLEGT v rng cngng c lin quan n qun l lm nghip v cng

bng x hi.

5. Xy dng h thng qun l kin thc v Lm

nghip cng ng, phc v cc t chc c nhn lmvic ti hin trng hoc lm cng tc nghin cu vo to, hc tp trong v ngoi nc; bao gm c qutrnh ng dng thc tin ca cn b lm nghip cccp, cc cng ng a phng v ng o ngidn.

Kt qu u ra ca D n:

D n Tng cng lm nghip cng ng VitNam kt thc s to nn mng cho hot ng qun llm nghip cng ng Vit Nam, t vic hon thin

khung php l, hng dn k thut, n cc gii phpthc y khc nhm gp phn qun l lm nghip mtcch bn vng. ng thi, D n cng s ng gpvo thc hin mt trong nhng nhim v quan trngca ngnh lm nghip trong thi gian ti c xcnh trong K hoch bo v v pht trin rng 2011-2020; l tin hnh giao khon hn 2 triu ha rng,t rng hin do UBND cc x ang qun l cho cci tng ch yu l cng ng a phng, h gianh qun l, s dng bn vng, lu di. Thng qua, D n s gp phn gii quyt cc vn v cng

bng x hi, chia s li ch, bnh ng gii, nhng kh

khn kinh t ca ngi dn sng ba rng gn vicc mc tiu xa i gim ngho.

T nm 2006, Qu y thc Lm nghip (TFF) h tr B NN&PTNT thc hin th im Dn qun l lm nghip cng ng vi tn giChng trnh qun l lm nghip cng ng, giaion th im 2006-2009. D n c thc hin ti

64 thn, 38 x ca 10 tnh, gm: in Bin, Sn La,Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Yn Bi, Ngh An, Qung Tr,Tha Thin Hu, Gia Lai v k Nng. Qu trnh thchin d n thit lp c nn tng cho vic qun llm nghip cng ng Vit Nam, trong bao gmvic cung cp cc hng dn s b v qun l rngda vo cng ng, c h tr bi mt khung phpl v quy hoch s dng t, giao t lm nghip,tha thun chia s li ch, qun l rng v qun l tichnh. Tuy nhin, thi gian thc hin D n ngn nnkhng cho php th nghim cc hng dn v qun l

rng da vo cng ng trn thc t kim chngv rt ra cc bi hc kinh nghim.

cng c kt qu ca D n giai on th im vth ch ho chnh sch v qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam, D n Tng cng lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam c xy dng nh l giai on II caD n th im. D n tip tc c trin khai ti 59cng ng (thuc 35 x) trong 9 tnh: in Bin, SnLa, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Yn Bi, Ngh An, QungTr, Tha Thin Hu v k Nng. Thi gian thchin t thng 5/2012 n thng 12/2013.

Mc tiu ca D n:

Mc tiu chnh: To iu kin thc y s tham giatch cc ca cc cng ng a phng Vit Namvo vic qun l ti nguyn rng t nhin mt cchcng bng v bn vng v mt sinh thi; gp phnnng cao thu nhp v gim ngho i vi nhng cngng sng da vo rng.

Mc tiu c th:

1. Tng kt, nh gi m hnh ca cc d n lmnghip cng ng v ang c p dng ti liuha, ph bin v nhn rng.

2. Cng c cc hot ng c hiu qu, cc m hnh


13/24

13


Hot ng chnh Thi gian thc hin

1. Tng kt, nh gi cc m hnh d n lm nghip cngng v ang c p dng ti liu ho, ph binv nhn rng

Thng 8-12/2012

2. H tr pht trin qun l rng cng ng mt cch bnvng. Tip tc cng c cc hot ng thnh cng caD n pha I v lng ghp vo cc chng trnh, d n khctrn a bn cp tnh

Thng 10/2012 n thng 11/2013

3. Hon thin v th ch ho cc chnh sch v vn bnphp l h tr cho thc hin m qun l rng cng ng phm vi quc gia

Thng 10/2012 n thng 12/2013

4. Nng cao nng lc cho cc bn lin quan cc cpThng 10/2012 n thng 10/2013

5. Xy dng h thng qun l kin thc v lm nghip

cng ng hoc c s d liu kin thc qun l rng cngng phc v li ch quc gia

Thng 1-12/2013

Tnh hnh thc hin v kt qu bc u caD n:

Theo tin ca D n, trong thng 10-11/1012hot ng nh gi cc m hnh d n lm nghipcng ng (Hot ng 1) ang c thc hin ti

cc tnh. Kt qu t hot ng nh gi ny s ctng kt, chia s ti Hi tho Quc t Chia s kinhnghim v qun l rng cng ng d kin t chcvo Qu I nm 2013 vi s tham gia ca cc d n,cc chng trnh v qun l rng cng ng vang thc hin ti Vit Nam v trn th gii.

h tr pht trin qun l rng cng ng mtcch bn vng, ng thi tip tc cng c thnhqu ca Pha 1 v lng ghp cc chng trnh, d nkhc trn a bn cc tnh (Hot ng 2), trong thng10/1012 cc tnh vng d n tin hnh r sot,

nh gi vic s dng qu bo v v pht trin rng c h tr Pha 1 xc nh ra nhng cngng s dng qu c hiu qu, trn c s quytnh vic h tr b sung qu t d n cho cng ng.

Cc hot ng chnh v tin thc hin D n:

ng thi, cc a phng cng xc nh, xut thchin nhng m hnh tng thu nhp t rng cho ngidn, gim thiu tc ng c nh hng xu n rng.Trn c s kt qu nh gi v xut ph hp, d ns h tr thc hin cc m hnh trong thi gian tip

theo.D n cng ang thc hin vic r sot c ch chnh

sch lin quan n lm nghip cng ng, cc vn bnv hng dn k thut v qun l rng cng ng, trnc s , cng vi qu trnh thc hin tip theo ca Dn hon thin v th ch ho cc chnh sch v vn

bn php l h tr cho thc hin m qun l rng cngng phm vi quc gia (Hot ng 3).

Ngoi ra, D n cng ang phi hp vi cc d nlm nghip Vit Nam, cc t chc trong nc vquc t, c bit l RECOFTC, trin khai cc hotng ca D n theo k hoch c ph duyt.


14/24

14


1414

QU BO TN VIT NAM: C CH TI CHNH THC Y

NG QUN L RNG C DNGHunh Quang Nh,Chuyn gia X hi v ng tham gia, Qu Bo tn Vit Nam

Bi cnh: T nm 1990Vit Nam bt u ci cchngnh lm nghip bng

cch giao t rng thuc nh ncqun l cho cc a phng v hgia nh. Lut t ai nm 1993cng bt u ghi nhn quyn sdng lu di ca ngi dn ivi t lm nghip. Trong sut 20nm qua, Chnh ph Vit Nam a ra nhiu chng trnh, chnh

sch nhm bo v v phc hi dintch rng t nhin nh chngtrnh 327, Chng trnh 661... Ccchnh sch trn bc u mangli nhng kt qu kh quan. Rngt nhin tng ln t nm 1990l 8.430.000 ha n nm 2011 l10.285.383 ha, theo , rng trngcng tng t 745.000 ln 3.229.681ha; che ph rng tng t27,8 ln 39,7%1 . Tuy nhin; ccchng trnh ny cng bc l mts hn ch nh mt phn din tchrng t nhin b chuyn sang trngcc loi cy mc nhanh lm gimcht lng rng. nh mc giaokhon thp, ngi dn mang mccm tr thnh ngi trng rngthu cho nh nc trong khi theotruyn thng vn ha th rng vnl ca h. Vic ng ca rng khim vic thc thi lut khng trit do thiu nhn lc, ch ti

to ra bt bnh ng v s dng tinguyn rng gia cc nhm chnhthc v khng chnh thc. Ccnhm b nh hng thng l cccng ng dn tc thiu s c sinhk gn lin vi rng (c bit l

ph n v h ngho).

Cc kt qu nghin cu ca QuBo tn Vit Nam (VCF) t nm2009 n nay ti 74 Khu rng cdng trn ton quc cho thy: tnh

1 Ngun: Teo Quyt nh Q2089/BNN-CLN ngy 30/8/2012

trng cht g tri php hu htcc rng c dng suy gim chm;

Nn sn bn v by bt th rngvn ang y cc loi qu him cgi tr bo tn quc t cao n bvc tuyt chng; Tnh trng khaithc qu mc lm sn ngoi g vncn tip din. Khng nhng th,

bt u xut hin cc e da mic xu hng gia tng nh: Cc dn thy in; c canh cy cng

nghip, nguyn liu vng mdn n phn mnh, c lp rngc dng; Pht trin c s h tngng giao thng.

Nhm to ra mt c ch mnh c th li cun cng ngcng tham gia vo cng tc qun lti nguyn, VCF tin hnh th imC ch chia s li ch theo phngthc ng qun l nh l mtcch chia s trch nhim qun l

ti nguyn gia cc c quan qunl nh nc vi cc cng ng sdng ngun li. Hng lot cc ng-hin cu, hi tho c t chcv kt qu l mt quyt nh cho

php th im c ch chia s lich ti hai Vn quc gia Bch Mv Xun Thy c Th tngChnh ph ban hnh vo thng 2nm 2012.

Cc bc trin khai ng qunl rng c dng.

nh gi nhu cu bo tn:Mt nghin cu theo phng phpng tham gia c tin hnhnhm xc nh nhu cu bo tn cakhu rng c dng. Trong , ccmi e da i vi rng c dngc lit k, tho lun, phn tch,nh gi v c phn loi theocc tiu ch bo tn. Mt lot cc

gii php, hnh ng nhm ngnchn v gim thiu cc mi e damang tnh cp thit i vi rng

c dng s c Ban qun l lachn thc hin vi s h tr caVCF.

Tham vn x hi: Cc mc tiubo tn ca rng c dng cnghin cu trong bi cnh phttrin kinh t x hi ca vng mnhm tm hiu xem liu c nhngxung t hay khng, cch thc gim thiu xung t (nu c). Ccmi e da cng s c tham vnvi cc cng ng sng bn trong(nu c) v xung quanh rng cdng, c bit l cc nhm d btn thng nh dn tc thiu s,

ph n nhm tm ra nhng giiphp ti u.

Nng cao nng lc: Tin hnhcc cuc tp hun cung cp cho

ban qun l nhng kin thc, knng v ng qun l m bo

cc hot ng c thc hin theong tin trnh.

Xc nh nhu cu v ngunlc: Cc nghin cu nh tnh vnh lng c tin hnh nhmxc nh nhu cu s dng tinguyn, kin thc bn a v sdng ti nguyn ca cc cng ngxung quanh rng c dng. Lp

bn phn b ti nguyn, nhgi tr lng v s lng cho php

khai thc bn vng.

Tha thun: Tin hnh cccuc hp thn, x nhm tho lunvi cc cng ng xung quanh vkt qu nghin cu v a ra cctha thun v cc kh nng chia sti nguyn ca rng c dng cngnh xc nh vai tr, trch nhimv quyn li ca ngi hng liv cc bn lin quan.

Tng cng thc thi phplut v h tr sinh k: Tin hnhthnh lp cc i tun tra bo v


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1515

VCF

rng thn bn, xy dng mngli ng qun l ti cc cngng xung quanh rng c dng

v tin hnh tun tra bo v rngc phi hp vi cc c quan chcnng khc nh cng an, b i tia phng. Cung cp cc m hnhsinh k nhm gim nh tc ngtiu cc c th to ra do vic tngcng thc thi lut. To thm thunhp cho cc h gia nh ngho csinh k ph thuc vo rng, c

bit l nhm ph n.

Tin hnh c ch chia s lich2 : Cc hat ng tin hnh chias li ch vi cc cng ng xungquanh rng c dng c tinhnh theo cc bc: (1) thnh lphi ng qun l; (2) xy dng ccquy ch v ph duyt; (3) ng ktham gia c ch chia s li ch; (4)thnh lp v ph duyt phng n;(5) tha thun chia s v (6) gimst, gii quyt tranh chp3 .

2 Hin ch c 2 khu rng c dng c

php tin hnh th im c ch ny lVQG Bch M v Xun Ty3 Xem thm s tay hng dn c ch chias li ch do VCF ban hnh.

Nhng kt qu t c

C 74 khu rng c dng trnton quc tin hnh cc nghincu nh gi nhu cu bo tn vtham vn x hi nhn ccc gi ti tr (t 50.000USD n200.000USD) t VCF nhm gimthiu cc mi e da v t ccc mc tiu bo tn ca mnh.

Nng lc qun l bo tn cacc Ban qun l v cn b cng tcti cc rng c dng c nngcao.

Mi quan h gia cc Ban qunl rng c dng vi cc cngng vng li v vng m cci thin r rt thng qua cc hotng tuyn truyn, mng li ngqun l.

Cc cng ng sng bn trongv xung quanh cc khu rng cdng tch cc tham gia mtcch ch ng vo cc hot ngqun l ti nguyn nh tun tra

bo v rng, tham gia phng chycha chy, chia s thng tin v camkt khai thc ti nguyn mt cch

bn vng. Thu nhp ca cc nhmd b tn thng c ci thinthng qua cc m hnh sinh k bn

vng.Cc v xm phm ti nguyn

rng gim ng k do cng tcthc thi lut c ci thin vi stham gia mnh m ca cc cngng vng m v vng li.

Nhiu loi mi c pht hin vbo v thng qua cc hot nggim st a dng sinh hc.

Cc kh khn, thch thc i vi

ng qun l.Theo quan nim truyn thng

ca cc dn tc thiu s VitNam th rng thuc s hu thingling ca cng ng, nhng saucc thay i ca cc chnh sch

pht trin kinh t nh pht trinnng lm trng, kinh t mi, th ha th cc cng ng dn tc

bn a mt dn cm gic gn bca h i vi rng, cm gic xa

l, thnh ngi ngoi trong khnggian vn ha mi, trn chnh mnht c ca qu hng mnh.


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16

Qu Bo tn rng c dngVit Nam (VCF) do Qu Mitrng Ton cu (GEF),Qu U thc Lm nghip -TFF v Cng ng chung

Chu u (EC) ti tr.VCF cung cp h tr kthut quc t v trong nc nng cao nng lc chocc ban qun l rng cdng v cng ng aphng nhng khu nhnc ti tr;

VCF h tr cp trung ngxy dng mt c ch tichnh lu di cho cng tc

bo tn ti Vit Nam.VCF hin ang cung cpcc khon ti tr nh cho70 khu rng c dng ctm quan trong quc t vgi tr a dng sinh hc.Cc khon ti tr ny ccp da trn nguyn tcchn lc cnh tranh tngcng cng tc qun lrng.

Mt s d n, chng trnh qunl ti nguyn tip cn theo hngng qun l kh thnh cng Vit Nam u tp trung vo lnhvc ngh c. Cc d n ng qunl ti nguyn rng tng i mi

v c quy m nh, mc nh hngkhng ln.

Hot ng ny thiu bn vngv cc gi ti tr ca VCF l nhnn kinh ph cho cc hat ngng qun l b hn ch. Mt khingun kinh ph b ct th cc hatng ny khng duy tr c.

Khung php l cho ng qunl ti nguyn rng cha hon thin

m ch mang tnh th im khincc hot ng chia s li ch carng c dng ch dng li mccc d tho tha thun.

Nng lc ca cc ban qun lrng c dng cn hn ch trongkhi hu ht cc cng ng sinhsng xung quanh rng c dng

phn ln l cc nhm dn tc thius c khc bit v ngn ng, tptc vn ha l ro cn cho vic

thc y ng qun l.Khuyn ngh

Thc t cho thy nu ch ringlc lng Kim lm th vic bov ti nguyn rng l khng th. Vvy, cn chia s trch nhim qunl vi cc nhm, cc cng ng cnhu cu s dng ti nguyn theohng ng qun l m trong nh nc bo v c ti nguyn

rng v ngi dn th c hngli ti nguyn mt cch bn vng.

Cn b tr nhiu kinh ph hnna cho cc d n, chng trnhqun l ti nguyn theo hngng qun l nhm li cun ngidn tham gia ch ng vo vic

bo v bn vng ti nguyn rng.

Cn to ra mt khung php lhon chnh hoc cho php th imC ch chia s li ch nhiu khu

rng c dng mang tnh c trngca cc sinh cnh khc nhau trnkhp c nc.

REDD+ l g?

REDD+ l mt sng kin quct bao gm 5 hot ng ring bit(a) gim pht thi kh nh knh do

mt rng; b) gim pht thi khnh knh do suy thoi rng; (c)

bo tn tr lng carbon rng; (d)qun l rng bn vng; (e) nngcao tr lng carbon rng.

Vit Nam l mt trong nhngnc chu nh hng ln donhng tc ng ca bin i khhu. Vit Nam c nhng chnhsch thch ng vi bin i kh

hu v lm gim nh pht thi khnh knh, trong c cam kt thchin REDD+. T nm 2009, cngvi quc t, Vit Nam c nhng

bc tin a ngnh Lmnghip vo thc hin REDD+ vxy dng nng lc quc gia cngnh c s thc hin REDD+. Vit

Nam l mt trong chn quc giau tin trin khai chng trnhUN-REDD vo nm 2009.

FPIC l g?

Tham vn t nguyn, cthng bo trc v c cung cpy thng tin (FPIC) l nguyntc da trn quyn li, th hin choquyn t quyt, quyn lin quanti t ai, lnh th v ngun tinguyn thin nhin, quyn v vnha v quyn t do khng phn bit

chng tc. FPIC p dng nhngquyt nh quan trng thc hinnhng hnh ng c kh nng

Lng ghp cc hot ng ngqun l vo k hoch qun l iuhnh ca cc khu rng c dngvi ngun kinh ph c th nhmduy tr bn vng hot ng ny.

Cc Ban qun l rng cdng cn nhn nhn ng vai trca ng qun l trong bo v tinguyn rng. Ban qun l cngcn c trang b kin thc, knng v ng qun l nhm m

bo a ra cc iu chnh kp thitrong vic trin khai, gim st vnh gi hat ng theo ng tintrnh.


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17


TH IM THC HIN THAM VN T NGUYN, C THNG BO TRC,C CUNG CP Y THNG TIN (FPIC)

TI VIT NAM V VAI TR CA CNG NG

TRONG THC HIN REDD+Nguyn Th Thu Huyn,

Qun c, Chng trnh UN-REDD Vit Nam

nh hng ti t ai, lnh th vngun ti nguyn m ngi nmquyn da vo vn ha, phngtin sinh sng v mt vt cht vtinh thn. Trong s cc nguyntc hng dn cho Chng trnhUN-REDD, FPIC cho ngi dna phng v cc cng ng phthuc rng khc cn c quantm v cn thit nhm m bo s

tham gia y v hiu qu cah trong qu trnh ra quyt nhv hnh thnh chnh sch trong cchot ng v Chng trnh UN-REDD.

V sao REDD+ li cn c FPIC?1

cc d n v chng trnhREDD+ c c s tn nhim caa phng th vic thng tho s

dng cc ngun ti nguyn phi1 Free Prior and Informed Consent in REDD+(2011)

Ngi dn a phng v thc y vin sau cuc hp FPIC

cng nhn c quyn ca ngi dnbn a cng nh cc cng nga phng - nhng ngi snggn rng v ph thuc vo rng.Khng cng nhn iu ny th cth dn ti mu thun v gy khkhn trong vic tm kim sinh kv tip cn cc ngun ti nguyn.V vy, vic xc nh ai c quynvi loi t ai no l mt bc

quan trng to iu kin cho cqu trnh v tn trng quyn cngng trong vic thc hin FPIC.

FPIC ti Vit nam

L nc u tin trin khaicc hot ng chun b thc thiREDD+ ti a phng, Chngtrnh UN-REDD Vit Nam tin phong thc hin FPIC ti hai

huyn Lm H v Di Linh, tnhLm ng. Vit Nam c 53 dntc thiu s vi 8 ngn ng chnh,

i din cho 16 triu ngi dn.Hu ht h sng vng ni, khuvc c nhiu rng. Gn 30 dntc thiu s sng hai huyn ny tnh Lm ng, nhng ch c 6

dn tc thc s sng ti vng ny,nhng dn tc khc u l dn dic t vng khc trong vi thp ktrc.

Bn nguyn tc c bn trongqu trnh thc hin th im FPIC:

1. FPIC nn c thc hin ivi cc cng ng sng rngv ra rng.

2. Cc hot ng FPIC cn chng hng ti cng ng chkhng ch ch i h tham gia.

3. Khng gi nh c tnh ngnht gia cc cng ng

4. Ngi c quyn cung cpnhng hng dn c bn v ccth tc ng thun

Tm kim vic thc hin FPIC

ti Vit Nam: Quy trnh 8 bc

Quy trnh 8 bc c thc hinhn 5 thng u nm 2010.

Bc 0 Chun b

Mt bn tm tt c s php lcho s tham gia ca cng ng a

phng/FPIC ti Vit Nam cchun b, ti liu truyn thng, baogm p phch, s tay v chng

trnh, video, cc ti liu khc vbin i kh hu, khi nim vREDD+ v cc hot ng ca UN-


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181818

REDD cng c chun b, vic tvn vi lnh o cc huyn v tnhv quy trnh FPIC c thc hin.

Bc 1 T vn vi lnh o aphng

Chng trnh UN-REDD VitNam t chc nhiu t nngcao nhn thc cho lnh o x,huyn, tnh, trng thn, Hi phn v on thanh nin nhm m

bo cc nguyn tc hng dn vChng trnh cng cc hot ngcp huyn c hiu r. Cc tiliu truyn thng cng c phn

pht nng cao thm nhn thc.

Lnh o x, huyn, tnh cng xemxt xut cho bc 2 ti bc 7ca quy trnh. Tivi, i pht thanhv truyn hnh a phng cng

pht cc chng trnh v bin ikh hu v REDD+ bng ting Vitv ting KHo.

Bc 2 Tuyn dng tuyntruyn vin

Chng trnh UN-REDD tuyncc tuyn truyn vin nng lc tuyn truyn ti cc thn hai

huyn Lm H v Di Linh. Tuyntruyn vin khng phi cn b nhnc v t nht thng tho mtngn ng ca dn tc thiu tc cahuyn Lm H v Di Linh.

Bc 3 o to tuyn truynvin

Chng trnh UN-REDD tchc cc chng trnh hun luyn24 tuyn truyn vin, trang b kinthc v bin i kh hu, REDD+v v chng trnh UN-REDD, tphun k nng tuyn truyn...

Bc 4 Nng cao nhn thc ti

a phngMi nhm tuyn truyn vin

(khong 4 ngi) chu trch nhimtuyn truyn khong 10 thn mh tho ting ca thn . Tuyntruyn vin lin h vi trng thn sp xp bui hp , a im vthi gian. Trong qu trnh tuyntruyn vin cung cp cc thng tinv bin i kh hu, REDD+ v cchot ng ca Chng trnh UN-REDD, cc cuc hp c s dngti liu truyn thng minh ha.

Dn a phng ng thun v REDD

Bc 5 Hp thn

Ti mi cuc hp thn, tuyntruyn vin cung cp cc thngtin v bin i kh hu, REDD+,cc hot ng m Chng trnh d

kin trin khai, c cc ti liu c dch sang ting a phng.Tuyn truyn vin tr li cc cuhi, sau cho ngi dn ttho lun a ra quyt nhchung hay s tr li vo ngy sau. Ti bui hp, s c thng phiu ngi dn cho kin b vo .

Bc 6 Ghi li cc quyt nh

Sau khi tho lun, ngi dna ra quyt nh ca mnh. Tn,tui, gii tnh, dn tc mi ngitham gia hp s c ghi li.

Bc 7 Tuyn truyn vin boco li cho Chng trnh UN-REDD

Bin bn ca cuc hp thn dc s ng thun hay khng uc tuyn truyn vin bo coli cho Chng trnh UN-REDD.Vic kim tra nh gi quy trnh


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19

FPIC s c tin hnh c lp biTrung tm v con ngi v rng(RECOFTC), mt t chc quct chuyn v tng tc gia cngng v rng.

Chng trnh UN-REDD VitNam nhanh chng tin hnh thim FPIC ti tnh Lm ng, mt

phn tun theo cc quy nh caUNDRIP (Tuyn b v quyn cangi dn bn a ca Lin Hipquc) th hin s cam kt tntrng ca Chng trnh i viTuyn b ny, nhng quan trnghn l c nhng bi hc kinhnghim tin hnh FPIC choREDD+ sau ny. Quy trnh nycha tng c th nghim trc.REDD+ l mt khi nim rng,

phc tp nhng li cha c nhngha y , lin quan n hngha v hnh (gim pht kh thi nhknh) v kh m t c li ch vnguy c ca REDD+, ch ng nin vic lng ha. Thm vo ,FPIC cho REDD+ cn thc hin

quy m x hi v a l su rnghn so vi cc FPIC trc y. Th

im ti 78 thn ch l mt phnnh cho nhng g s thc hin choFPIC ca REDD+. Chng trnhUN-REDD Vit Nam quytnh tin hnh FPIC d khng

c nhiu kinh nghim, trn trngnhng nguyn tc c trc yv chp nhn thc t rng quy trnhs khng th hon ho v khng csai st g.

Cc bc tip theo

Cn m bo rng cc cngng c thng bo v ton bquy trnh, cc kt lun cui cng.

Trong mi ln thc hin, kt luncui cng s gm pht trin kinht x hi ca x, huyn, tnh v khoch s dng t m phn nhnhng mong mun ca cng ngv REDD+.

Tm quan trng ca FPIC trongcc hot ng REDD+

Cng c khung Lin Hip quc

v bin i kh hu (UNFCCC) nu r ti Tha thun Cancun: S

tham gia y v hiu qu cacc bn lin quan, c bit l ngidn bn x v cc cng ng a

phng trong cc hot ng c cp on 70 v 72 ca quyt

nh.

Cng vi cc i hi php lth cng c nhng l do thc t REDD+ tn trng vic thchin FPIC. Ngi dn a phngv bn a ng vai tr ln quytnh s thnh cng ca REDD+.H c vai tr quan trng trong victhc hin cc hot ng v chnhsch ca d n, v nh vy c vai

tr vi kt qu gim pht thi khnh knh. H cng l trung tmvic nh gi s gn kt cc tiuchun x hi hay an ton thc hinREDD+ do cc c quan thay mtcc nh u t lnh vc lm nghipda trn tn ch carbon tin hnh.

Nhng nh gi nh vy s quytnh gi tr php l v gi tr catn ch carbon.

Chng trnh UN-REDD l sng kin hp tc ca Lin Hp quc v Gim thiu Pht thi t mt

rng v suy thoi rng (REDD) ti cc nc ang pht trin. Chng trnh c khi xng tnm 2008 v c xy dng da trn vai tr triu tp v c vn k thut ca T chc Nng

Lng Lin Hp quc (FAO), Chng trnh Pht trin Lin Hp quc (UNDP) v Chng trnh

Mi trng Lin Hp quc (UNEP). Chng trnh UN-REDD h tr cc qu trnh REDD+ ca quc

gia v thc y s tham gia c bo trc v c ngha ca tt c cc bn lin quan, bao gm

ngi dn bn a v cc cng ng sng ph thuc vo rng khc trong vic thc hin REDD+

cp quc gia v quc t.

Chng trnh cng h tr cc n lc chun b REDD+ cp quc gia ti 46 quc gia i tc, m

rng sang chu Phi, chu Thi Bnh Dng v chu M latin bng 2 cch: (i) h tr trc tip

cho vic thit k v thc hin cc chng trnh UN-REDD quc gia; v (ii) h tr b sung cho hot

ng REDD+ cp quc gia thng qua cc bc tip cn, phn tch, phng php lun, cng c,d liu v thc hin ti u chung c xy dng thng qua Chng trnh UN-REDD ton cu.


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TNG CNG S THAM GIA CA CNG NGVO VIC QUN L RNG

- NHNG KINH NGHIM CA JICA TNH IN BIN V KON TUM -

Eiji Egashira,JICA Vit Nam, D n SUSFORM-NOW

1. Gii thiu

Bo tn v pht trin rng bicc cng ng vng nng thnsng ph thuc nhiu vo tinguyn thin nhin tip tc l lnh

vc ch cht i vi h tr caJICA cho ngnh lm nghip Vit

Nam. Bi vit ngn ny gii thiu

2 trng hp - in Bin v KonTum - c hai u tp trung tngcng s tham gia ca cng ngvo vic qun l rng.

2. D n SUSFORM-NOW

Vng Ty bc c bit n lvng u ngun quan trng ca

min Bc Vit Nam v c t l ingho cao. JICA, tnh in Binv B Nng nghip v Pht trin

Nng thn ang thc hin Dn Qun l rng bn vng vng

u ngun Ty Bc (SUSFORM-NOW) ti tnh in Bin t thng8 nm 2010.

Quc gia Hc-ta % tng din tch rng

Bru-ny N/A N/A

Cm-pu-chia 113,544 1%

Indonesia 590,000


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JICA

Mc tiu ca d n 5 nm nyl qun l rng c s tham gia v

pht trin sinh k cng c duytr cc vng th im thng quavic s dng cc phng php tipcn c th p dng c sang ccvng khc.

t c mc tiu ca d n,

cc sn phm u ra d kin nhsau:

Sn phm u ra 1. Cc phngphp tip cn kh thi v cc khoch cnh quan v pht trinsinh k da vo hin trng sdng t c pht trin;

Sn phm u ra 2. Nng lck thut v th ch ca cc cquan thc hin (cc c quan thc

thi v c quan h tr) c tngcng; v

Sn phm u ra 3. K hochca tnh v ph bin cc thnhqu hot ng th im cthng qua cho tnh in Bin.

t c Sn phm u ra 1,7 hot ng sau y c thchin:

1. La chn vng th im;

2. Lm r v c c s tnthnh ca cc bn tham gia vhin trng s dng t v quyn

s dng t thng qua cc cuckho st kinh t x hi ccvng th im c la chn;

3. Huy ng ngi dn tham giaxy dng v gii thiu cc hotng th im;

4. Xy dng cc k hoch qun

l rng c s tham gia v phttrin sinh k (chng hn nh cck hoch cnh quan v pht trinsinh k da vo hin trng sdng t) tng vng th im;

5. Thc y vic thc hin cc khoch c xy dng Hotng s 4 ti cc vng th im;

6. Gim st tin cc hot ng

th im; v

7. nh gi, phn tch kt qucc hot ng th im v chia s

bi hc kinh nghim.

Cc hot ng th im da voqu trnh th nghim cc gi thuyt. tng l xy dng cc phng

php tip cn hiu qu gip qunl rng v pht trin sinh k theohng qun l rng bn vng

vng u ngun Ty Bc, ni hinnay ang phi i mt vi nhiuthch thc hn cc vng khc ca

t nc. Gi thuyt s c thnghim l phng php tip cnthc hin cc hot ng cc vngc th da vo cc k hoch cnhquan c kt hp vi th nghim

nng lm tri (OFTs - Thc nghimnng lm tri c JICA thchin thng qua D n RENFODAti tnh Ha Bnh1) v giao rngtrng v t c th sn xut v khaithc lm sn ngoi g (NTFPs),cng vi vic m bo thu nhp

bng tin mt thng qua vic cithin tip cn th trng nng lmsn, l hiu qu thc y qunl rng bn vng.

Chu k th nghim gi thuytgm 2 pha. pha 1 (2 nm u),cc hot ng th im quy mnh c thc hin 7 thnth im: 2 thn 2 x ca huynin Bin, 4 thn 3 x ca huynin Bin ng v mt na pha

Nam x T Lng ca thnh phin Bin Ph.

Tnh n cui thng 9/2012,D n h tr ngi dn ca cc

thn th im ny xy dng cc khoch qun l rng c s tham gia,k hoch pht trin sinh k v thchin cc hot ng th im sau:

1. Trng rng: c 133 h thamgia ca 3 thn th im;

2. Nui b: 12 h tham gia ca 2thn th im;

3. Nui ln: 39 h tham gia ca 4

thn th im;4. Nui c: 52 h tham gia ca 6thn th im;

5. Biogas: 40 h tham gia ca 5thn th im;

6. Rau hu c (rau v xun vng): 309 h tham gia ca 7thn th im;

1 Phc hi rng t nhin vng u ngun bsuy thoi ti min Bc Vit Nam (REN-FODA).


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JICA

7. Trng cy n qu: 335 h ca7 thn th im;

8. Bp ci tin: 29 h tham giaca 5 thn th im;

9. Ru Mng P: mt nhm hsn xut ca 1 thn th im; v

10. Lm chi: mt nhm h thamgia ca 1 thn th im.

Sau y l nhng bi hc kinhnghim hin c:

i. S cn thit ca thc y vincp x

Kh c th thc y vic thchin cc hot ng th im nukhng c s tham gia tch cc cacc cn b cp x v h l c quanc thm quyn gn nht vi ngidn. V vy, khng th thiu ccthc y vin cp x ti mi thnth im v k nng thc y cah cn c pht trin tt.

ii. S cn thit ca ban qun lcp thn v giao li rng chocng ng thn bn

Kh c th duy tr ng thivic thc hin cc k hoch qunl rng c s tham gia v pht trinsinh k khng c c ch iu phicc hot ng th im khc nhau cp thn bn. Thm vo , trch

nhim ca nhng ngi tham giavo qun l rng (loi tr rngtrng) khng r rng v mc drng c giao cho h gia nhsong khng xc nh c din tchrng trn thc a ti nhiu thn. gii quyt vn ny, gn ytnh bt u giao li rng ca hgia nh cho cng ng thn bnv vy tt c ngi dn s c trchnhim qun l rng (loi tr rngtrng c qun l tt bi tng hgia nh). Hn na, c hot ngqun l rng v pht trin sinh kcn c iu phi bi mt banqun l cp thn ring.

iii. S cn thit ca cc dch vkhuyn nng thng xuyn

Mc d d n t chc mtvi lp tp hun cho nhng ngitham gia cc hot ng th im,song h vn kh p dng cc kinthc c hc vo thc tinca h. Hnh nh vic hc t cc

bi ging v m hnh khng chiu qu bng vic thc hnh hngngy. V vy, cc dch v khuyn

nng thng xuyn ca cp x(hoc, nu khng c ngun lc cp x ph hp th l cp huyn),kim lm, khuyn nng v th l rt quan trng. Nhng cn bngun ny cng c k vng l

s h tr ngi dn c v cc lnhvc khng phi l k thut chnghn nh phn tch chi ph-li chkhi lp k hoch tng hot ngth im ngi dn c th trnhthc hin cc hot ng khng khthi v/hoc khng c li nhun.

3. Kinh nghim t trng hpQun l rng cng ng (CFM) Kon Tum

T nm 2005 n 20082 JICA thc hin d n ti tnh KonTum trong c xy dng khoch CFM thn Vi ChRing,huyn Kon Plong vi din tchc giao cho cng ng l 808hat rng t nhin giu trc ydo Cng ty quc doanh qun l.Cc k hoch CFM (hng nm v5 nm) v quy ch CFM ctnh v trung ng ph duyt lmc s ca CFM. T n nay,cng ng v ang bo v rt ttrng ca h theo nh k hoch c thng nht. Tuy nhin, cngng vn cha c hng li cht vic sn xut g do h thiu u

t ban u v cc k nng chnghn nh khai thc, vn chuyn vtip th/th trng. V vy, c mtla chn thay th khc l c ththu cc cng ty chuyn nghiplm cc cng vic ny (di sgim st ca cng ng), tuy nhincng ng khng quen vi cc hpng kinh doanh nh vy v mts ngi lo lng nguy c dn mtkim sot khu rng ca h.

4. Kt lun

Tnh in Bin l ni m ccnguyn nhn chnh gy mt rnghoc cn tr vic phc hi rng clin quan n nhu cu duy tr sinhk v th cc bin php ng ph cth a dng v vt xa kh nngca ngnh lm nghip. V vy, rtcn s tham gia ca cc ngnhkhc. c bit vai tr ca thc y

2 D n h tr dn lng qun l rng bnvng Ty Nguyn.


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23


GIZ

JICA ang hp tc vi Chnh ph Vit Nam nhm chng minhvai tr a chc nng ca rng v ti a ha li ch ca ti nguynrng cho con ngi. H tr ca JICA c hi ha ha vi ccchin lc ch cht trong ngnh lm nghip, chng hn nhChin lc pht trin lm nghip Vit Nam (2006-2020) v ccchin lc v k hoch khc ca Chnh ph. C 5 lnh vc hptc chnh sau y:

Lnh vc 1: H tr chnh sch

JICA ang h tr tng cng nng lc cp quc gia v aphng trong vic xy dng v thc hin cc chnh sch giiquyt cc thch thc di hn.

Lnh vc 2: Qun l rng bn vng (SFM)

JICA h tr cc hot ng trng mi v ti trng rng sn xutv rng phng h. Bng vic h tr tip ni nhm tng hiu sutqun l, c s lng v cht lng rng s c ci thin.

Lnh vc 3: Pht trin sinh k ca cng ng sng phthuc vo rng

JICA h tr qun l rng bn vng c s tham gia ca cngng a phng. Vic xc nh cc c ch kh thi qun l rng

v ngi ngho s l thch thc chnh cn bng vic bo vv s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn rng.

Lnh vc 4: Bo tn a dng sinh hc

o ngc xu hng suy gim ngun ti nguyn sinh hc,JICA h tr tng cng nng lc xy dng v thc hin chnhsch bo tn a dng sinh hc.

Lnh vc 5: Bin i kh hu v lm nghip

gii quyt thch thc ton cu v s m ln ca tri t, JICAh tr lng ghp qun l lm nghip vi cc chin lc gimthiu (chng hn nh REDD+) v thch ng vi bin i kh hu.

vin cp x l rt quan trng trongvic tng cng kt ni gia qunl rng v cc hot ng phttrin sinh k. Bi dng cc knng thc hnh ca h p ngnhng nhu cu ton din ca cng

ng l mt thch thc. Vic giithiu c ch cp thn bn chnghn nh ban qun l cp thn c xut chc chn c ch trong victng cng iu phi v lng ghpcc hot ng khc nhau.

V vic giao rng, mt gii phpang thc hin c mt h thngn gin v thit thc l giao rngcho cng ng thn bn hn l giao

cho h gia nh, v th chi ph giaodch c th gim v cng ng cth trnh xung t v vic s hurng v h qun l rng mt cch

bn vng v coi rng nh l tisn chung ca h. Hin nay, iuny c tm nh hng quan trngv ch s hu rng ngy cng trnn quan trng trong cc c chmi nh PFES v REDD+. SUS-FORM-NOW s sm a REDD+vo lm mt hp phn d n v

chng ti c th s thy nhngthch thc mi v vai tr ca cngng.

Cui cng, kinh nghim KonTum cho thy, c rt nhiu nhnt m cng ng cn vt qua chon khi h c li ch thc s. Cn

phi c mt h thng h tr ngin nhng ton din CFM cth vn hnh c bi cc bn cp a phng cng nh thchin rng ri trn ton quc.


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MT S HOT NG SP TI CA FSSP V TFF U NM 2013

1. Hot ng ca FSSP:

- T chc Hi ngh thng nin FSSP, thng 1/2013.

2. Hot ng ca Qu y thc Lm nghip:

- Hp Hi ng qun l Qu ln th 16, 17;

- Tin hnh l trnh sp nhp TFF vo VNFF;

- T chc cc kha o o cho cc d n TFF ang thc hin;

- Ph duyt cc d n mi v bn giao kt qu cc d n hon thnh.

Ch bin: ng Nguyn B Ngi Ph Tng cc trng Tng cc Lm nghip- Gim c Vn phng iu phi FSSP

Bin tp: Nguyn Tng Vn - Ph V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Hp tc quc t,Tng cc Lm nghip - Ph Gim c Vn phng iu phi FSSP

Nguyn Bch Hng - Cn b Truyn thng, Vn phng iu phi FSSPGiy php xut bn s 1415 - 2012/CXB/35/09 - 43/H

kin ng gp, bi v nh xin gi v Vn phng iu phi i tc H tr ngnh Lm nghip:Tng 3, nh A8, s 10 Nguyn Cng Hoan, H Ni / Tel: +84-4-37629412; Fax: +84-4-37711431

Email: [email protected] / Website: www.vietnamforestry.org.vn

VN BN QUY PHM PHP LUT T 1/7/2012 N 31/12/2012

1. Thng t lin tch s 03/2012/TTLT-BKHT-BNNPTNT-BTC ngy 5/6/2012 ca B K hoch v

u t, B NN&PTNT v B Ti chnh hng dn thc hin Quyt nh s 147/2007/Q-TTg vQuyt nh s 66/2011/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph;

2. Thng t s 126/2012/TT-BTC ngy 7/8/2012 ca B Ti chnh quy nh mc thu, ch thu,np v qun l s dng ph tham quan ti cc Vn Quc gia: Bch M, Cc Phng, Ba V, Tamo, Yokdon v Ct Tin;

3. Thng t s 42/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 21/8/2012 ca B NN&PTNT sa i, b sung mt siu ca Thng t s 01/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 4/1/2012 ca B NN&PTNT quy nh h s lmsn hp php v kim tra ngun gc lm sn;

4. Thng t s 47/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/9/2012 ca B NN&PTNT quy nh v khai thc

qun l t t nhin v nui ng vt rng thng thng;

5. Thng t s 51/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 19/10/2012 ca B NN&PTNT hng dn thc hinnhim v bo v v pht trin rng quy nh ti Quyt nh s 57/Q-TTg ngy 9/1/2012 ca Thtng Chnh ph.

Documents

The role of community in forest management and protection (Vietnamese)