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Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li10033\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10033\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10033\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10033\sb156\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs36 HSE \par\pard\ql \li9825\ri832\sb0\sl-160\slmult0\tx10043 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs16 Health & Safety \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Executive \par\pard\ql \li789\sb0\sl-506\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li789\sb165\sl-506\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs44 The role and effectiveness of safety representatives \par\pard\ql \li2620\sb1\sl-474\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 in influencing workplace health and safety \par\pard\ql \li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5734\ri587\sb164\sl-380\slmult0\tx6381 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Prepared by \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 Cardiff University \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 for the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Health and Safety Executive 2005 \par\pard\ql \li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb0\sl-736\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4173\sb342\sl-736\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex90 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs64 RESEARCH REPORT 363 {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft9655\shptop1120\shpright11115\shpbottom2460\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz16\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 1460}}{\sp{\sn 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1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft9707\shptop2412\shpright9707\shpbottom1170\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz27\shplid2{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 6033}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10050\shptop1296\shpright10361\shpbottom1316\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz30\shplid3{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 311}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(311,20);(311,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10050\shptop1370\shpright10361\shpbottom1390\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz34\shplid4{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 311}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(311,20);(311,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10050\shptop1444\shpright10335\shpbottom1464\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz38\shplid5{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 285}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(285,20);(285,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10050\shptop1665\shpright10361\shpbottom1685\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz48\shplid7{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 311}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(311,20);(311,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10350\shptop1295\shpright10380\shpbottom1325\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz56\shplid8{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,30);(30,15);(15,0);(0,15);(15,30)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10350\shptop1525\shpright10380\shpbottom1550\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz72\shplid10{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,25);(30,15);(15,0);(0,15);(15,25)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10361\shptop1540\shpright10375\shpbottom1665\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz76\shplid11{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 14}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 125}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(14,0);(14,125);(0,125)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10260\shptop1605\shpright10275\shpbottom1620\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz103\shplid16{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 15}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 15}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(15,15);(0,0);(15,0);(15,15)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10180\shptop1300\shpright10371\shpbottom1492\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz109\shplid17{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 191}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 192}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(21,192);(191,21);(170,0);(0,170);(21,192)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1370\shpright10715\shpbottom1390\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz141\shplid22{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 310}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(310,20);(310,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10430\shptop1444\shpright10715\shpbottom1464\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz145\shplid23{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 285}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(285,20);(285,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1591\shpright10715\shpbottom1611\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz153\shplid25{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 310}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(310,20);(310,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1665\shpright10715\shpbottom1685\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz157\shplid26{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 310}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(310,20);(310,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10395\shptop1650\shpright10420\shpbottom1680\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz173\shplid28{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,30);(0,15);(15,0);(25,15);(15,30)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10395\shptop1525\shpright10420\shpbottom1550\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz181\shplid29{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,25);(0,15);(15,0);(25,15);(15,25)}}{\sp{\sn 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1525\shpright10493\shpbottom1680\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz189\shplid31{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 88}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 155}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(88,0);(88,155);(0,155)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10390\shptop1311\shpright10420\shpbottom1407\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz193\shplid32{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 96}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(30,0);(30,96);(0,96)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10393\shptop1397\shpright10490\shpbottom1508\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz209\shplid34{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 97}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 111}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(74,111);(0,19);(23,0);(97,93);(74,111)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10394\shptop1300\shpright10585\shpbottom1492\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz217\shplid35{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 191}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 192}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 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0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10523\shptop1476\shpright10589\shpbottom1597\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz233\shplid37{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 66}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 121}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(0,112);(38,0);(66,9);(28,121);(0,112)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10416\shptop1342\shpright10560\shpbottom1576\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz241\shplid38{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 144}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 234}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(1,0);(144,142);(112,234);(0,85);(1,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10495\shptop1605\shpright10510\shpbottom1620\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz246\shplid39{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 15}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 15}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,15);(15,0);(0,0);(0,15)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10276\shptop1397\shpright10372\shpbottom1508\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz252\shplid40{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 96}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 111}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(23,111);(96,19);(73,0);(0,93);(23,111)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10290\shptop1500\shpright10320\shpbottom1525\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz259\shplid41{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(30,25);(0,25);(20,0);(15,10);(30,25)}}{\sp{\sn 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10277\shptop1501\shpright10299\shpbottom1525\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz269\shplid43{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 22}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 24}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(9,24);(22,7);(14,0);(0,17);(9,24)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10450\shptop1500\shpright10485\shpbottom1525\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz278\shplid44{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 35}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(0,25);(35,25);(15,0);(15,10);(0,25)}}{\sp{\sn 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10460\shptop1525\shpright10536\shpbottom1591\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz288\shplid46{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 76}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 66}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(76,0);(76,66);(0,66)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\ql \li10033\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10033\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10033\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10033\sb156\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs36 HSE \par\pard\ql \li9825\ri832\sb0\sl-160\slmult0\tx10043 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs16 Health & Safety \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Executive \par\pard\ql \li789\sb0\sl-506\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li789\sb165\sl-506\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs44 The role and effectiveness of safety representatives \par\pard\ql \li2620\sb1\sl-474\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 in influencing workplace health and safety \par\pard\ql \li4777\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4777\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4777\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4777\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4777\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4777\sb314\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs32 David Walters, Theo Nichols, Judith Connor, \par\pard\ql \li6666\sb12\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Ali C. Tasiran and Surhan Cam \par\pard\ql \li6128\sb12\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs32 Work Environment Research Group \par\pard\ql \li7543\sb12\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 School of Social Sciences \par\pard\ql \li7680\ri589\sb0\sl-390\slmult0\fi948\tx8273 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Cardiff University \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Glamorgan Building \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 King Edward VII Avenue \par\pard\ql \li10130\sb3\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Cardiff \par\pard\ql \li9677\sb12\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex92 CF10 3WT \par\pard\qj \li2834\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2834\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2834\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2834\ri700\sb195\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs18 This study presents a review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence for the link between worker \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 representation and consultation and effective health and safety management. Through a series of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 detailed case studies in two sectors of the economy, it examines the dynamics of representation and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 consultation in improving health and safety performance. Its review of previous studies and the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 evidence of the case studies detailed in the report support a conclusion that joint arrangements, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 through which workers are represented and consulted on their health and safety, are likely to have \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 better outcomes than arrangements in which management acts without consultation. However, it \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 suggests that arrangements for worker representation and consultation are dependent upon a number \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 of preconditions for their effectiveness. These include a strong legislative steer, effective external \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 inspection and control, demonstrable senior management commitment and capacity towards both \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 health and safety and a participative approach, competent hazard/risk evaluation and control, effective \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 autonomous worker representation at the workplace and external trade union support. Such pre-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 conditions were not present in the majority of the case studies and both they and the review of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 wider literature suggest that changes in the structure and organisation of work mean that achieving \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 them present considerable challenges. Nevertheless, the study found a number of examples of ways in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 which these challenges had been successfully addressed. It suggests therefore that there are \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 important messages presented by these examples for regulators, trade unions and employers alike if \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 worker representation and consultation is to be supported in realising its potential to contribute to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 improved health and safety outcomes. \par\pard\qj \li2834\ri700\sb120\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 not necessarily reflect HSE policy. \par\pard\ql \li9784\sb0\sl-241\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9784\sb162\sl-241\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs23 HSE \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 BOOKS {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft9655\shptop1120\shpright11115\shpbottom2460\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz16\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 1460}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 1340}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(1460,0);(1460,1340);(0,1340)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1296\shpright10715\shpbottom1316\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz137\shplid21{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 310}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(310,20);(310,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1370\shpright10715\shpbottom1390\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz141\shplid22{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 310}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(310,20);(310,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10463\shptop1517\shpright10715\shpbottom1537\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz149\shplid24{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 252}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(252,20);(252,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10405\shptop1591\shpright10715\shpbottom1611\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz153\shplid25{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 310}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(310,20);(310,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10395\shptop1295\shpright10420\shpbottom1325\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz165\shplid27{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,30);(0,15);(15,0);(25,15);(15,30)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10395\shptop1650\shpright10420\shpbottom1680\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz173\shplid28{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,30);(0,15);(15,0);(25,15);(15,30)}}{\sp{\sn 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10395\shptop1390\shpright10420\shpbottom1420\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz201\shplid33{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,30);(0,15);(15,0);(25,15);(15,30)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10393\shptop1397\shpright10490\shpbottom1508\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz209\shplid34{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 97}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 111}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(74,111);(0,19);(23,0);(97,93);(74,111)}}{\sp{\sn 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10565\shptop1465\shpright10590\shpbottom1495\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz225\shplid36{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 25}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 30}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(15,30);(0,15);(15,0);(25,15);(15,30)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10523\shptop1476\shpright10589\shpbottom1597\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz233\shplid37{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 66}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 121}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(0,112);(38,0);(66,9);(28,121);(0,112)}}{\sp{\sn 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10495\shptop1605\shpright10510\shpbottom1620\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz246\shplid39{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 15}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 15}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,15);(15,0);(0,0);(0,15)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10276\shptop1397\shpright10372\shpbottom1508\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz252\shplid40{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 96}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 111}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(23,111);(96,19);(73,0);(0,93);(23,111)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10229\shptop1525\shpright10306\shpbottom1591\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz261\shplid42{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 77}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 66}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(77,0);(77,66);(0,66)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10277\shptop1501\shpright10299\shpbottom1525\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz269\shplid43{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 22}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 24}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(9,24);(22,7);(14,0);(0,17);(9,24)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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{\*\shpinst\shpleft10466\shptop1501\shpright10488\shpbottom1525\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz284\shplid45{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 22}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 24}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(13,24);(0,7);(9,0);(22,17);(13,24)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft10460\shptop1525\shpright10536\shpbottom1591\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz288\shplid46{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 76}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 66}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(76,0);(76,66);(0,66)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 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Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\ql \li1340\sb0\sl-480\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1340\ri4205\sb384\sl-480\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Crown copyright 2005 \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 First published 2005 \par\pard\ql \li1340\sb207\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs20 ISBN 0 7176 6136 9 \par\pard\qj \li1340\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1340\ri5236\sb2\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 written permission of the copyright owner. \par\pard\ql \li1340\ri5264\sb240\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to: \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Licensing Division, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 or by e-mail to hmsolicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk \par\pard\ql \li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5938\sb177\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 ii {\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1319\shptop15480\shpright10679\shpbottom15960\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz16\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9360}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 480}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(9360,0);(9360,480);(0,480)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1320\shptop1320\shpright6522\shpbottom5782\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz30\shplid1{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 5202}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 4462}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,0);(5202,0);(5202,4462);(0,4462)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\ql \li4502\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4502\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4502\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4502\sb248\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs28 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS \par\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-251\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1800\ri1622\sb66\sl-251\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 It is important to acknowledge the contribution to the research presented in the following pages \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 made by all of the managers, regulatory inspectors, workers and their representatives that were \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the subjects of the study. They gave up their time for interviews, to respond to questionnaires and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 helped to follow-up inquiries. Additionally, managers, health and safety advisers, trade union \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 officials and HSE personnel provided access to much of the documentary evidence sought in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 support of our investigations. We are therefore extremely grateful to all those who took part in the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 study and we recognise that without their considerable efforts, the project could not have been \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 undertaken. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-251\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1624\sb19\sl-251\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 We are also grateful for help from various colleagues at both Cardiff University and South Bank \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 University who assisted in various ways during the course of the work. A particular thanks is \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 owed to Peter Kirby who undertook fieldwork and preliminary analysis of case studies in the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 construction and retail sectors. Rod Noble of Newcastle University, New South Wales, Australia \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 also assisted with field work during a period he spent with us as a visiting Research Fellow. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Throughout the duration of the study, Neal Stone and his team at the Health and Safety Executive \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 acted with considerable patience and understanding and helped overcome many of the difficulties \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and delays encountered in the early stages of the work. Other senior HSE personnel were also \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 helpful in this respect in relation to the two sectors on which the field work is focussed. We are \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 grateful for their assistance. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1624\sb39\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Sandra Bonney at Cardiff School of Social Sciences formatted and prepared layout of the final \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 version of this report. \par\pard\ql \li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6027\sb166\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 iii \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\ql \li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb190\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 iv \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\ql \li5350\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5350\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5350\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5350\sb248\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs28 CONTENTS \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb124\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 THE ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES IN \par\pard\li1800\sb8\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx10148 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 INFLUENCING WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..1\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb84\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx10083 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ..III\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb84\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 CONTENTS ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ... V\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb84\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9949 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 . VIII\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2240\tldot\tx10028 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Introduction ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. viii\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2240\tldot\tx10029 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The background ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. viii\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb11\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2240\tldot\tx10178 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Studies of quantitative relationships ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 . ix\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2240\tldot\tx10077 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 What works and why?...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ... ix\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2240\tldot\tx10180 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The experience of representation and consultation in chemicals and construction ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. x\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2240\tldot\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Conclusions...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. xii\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb85\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx10082 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY...\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ...1\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10130 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 1.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The remit of the study ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ... 2\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10180 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Study context ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. 3\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10231 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Report outline ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 . 5\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb84\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 PART 1: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE OF THE ROLE OF WORKER\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 REPRESENTATION AND CONSULTATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY AT\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx10085 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 WORK. ..\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...7\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb84\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 CHAPTER 2: THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORKER REPRESENTATION AND\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 CONSULTATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY AND SOME CONSIDERATIONS\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx10083 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...9\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10180 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 2.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Questions of definition ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. 9\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The legislative framework on worker representation and consultation on health and safety in\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-229\slmult0\fi660\tldot\tx10080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the UK ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. 13\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb11\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10131 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The effectiveness of representative worker participation ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 . 17\par\pard\ql \li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6225\sb40\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 v \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb108\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 CHAPTER 3: ARRANGEMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AND INJURY \par\pard\li1800\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9947 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 RATES - REVISITING THE EVIDENCE ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...23\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10030 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 3.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Trade unions, joint arrangements and the WIRS/WERS data sets ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ... 23\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb11\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10130 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The influence of the study of Reilly \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs20 et al\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 . 23\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10029 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Replicating Reilly \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs20 et al\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ... 25\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10029 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Modifying the analysis ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ... 27\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Analysis of the relationship between joint arrangements for health and safety and injuries in\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi659\tldot\tx10131 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a sample of establishments from private manufacturing in WERS 98 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 . 28\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.6\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Ways forward for future investigation of quantitative indicators of the influence of joint\par\pard\li1800\sb1\sl-230\slmult0\fi660\tldot\tx10080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 arrangements on health and safety performance ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. 31\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb83\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs24 CHAPTER 4: WHAT MAKES WORKER PARTICIPATION EFFECTIVE? ......33\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 4.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The prerequisites for effectiveness...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. 33\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10080 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Change and representation...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .. 43\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2460\tldot\tx10131 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Conclusions: prerequisites for effective participative arrangements...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars