The Roaring Twenties. President Warren G. Harding 29 th President of the United States 29 th President of the United States 1921-1923 1921-1923 Died in

The The Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties

President Warren G. President Warren G. HardingHarding

2929thth President of President of the United Statesthe United States

1921-19231921-1923 Died in office Died in office

August 2, 1923August 2, 1923 Supposedly of a Supposedly of a

heartattackheartattack

Politics and ProsperityPolitics and Prosperity

RecessionRecession: an economic slump: an economic slump The U.S went into a recession because The U.S went into a recession because

the factories stopped turning out war the factories stopped turning out war materialsmaterials

Warren G. Harding takes office in 1920Warren G. Harding takes office in 1920 ““Back to Normalcy”Back to Normalcy”

The Ohio Gang: Harding’s cabinet The Ohio Gang: Harding’s cabinet consisted of his old friends - getting the consisted of his old friends - getting the name “Ohio gang”name “Ohio gang”

The “Ohio Gang”The “Ohio Gang”

Charles ForbesCharles Forbes Veterans BureauVeterans Bureau Stole millionsStole millions

Albert FallAlbert Fall Secretary of the Secretary of the

InteriorInterior Took bribes from oil Took bribes from oil

executivesexecutives


Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was bribed by 2 Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was bribed by 2

oil executivesoil executives Fall secretly leased them gov’t land in Fall secretly leased them gov’t land in

California and @ Teapot Dome, WyomingCalifornia and @ Teapot Dome, Wyoming

Coolidge takes office Coolidge takes office Industry boomsIndustry booms Most Americans incomes roseMost Americans incomes rose Sales of consumer goods roseSales of consumer goods rose

President Calvin President Calvin CoolidgeCoolidge

3030thth President of President of the United Statesthe United States

1923-19291923-1929 Became President Became President

after Harding died after Harding died in officein office

Elected in his own Elected in his own right in 1924right in 1924

Total opposite to Total opposite to HardingHarding

Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge

““The business of America is The business of America is business. The man who builds a business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there.”who works there worships there.”

What does this mean?


New ways:New ways: Installment buyingInstallment buying - buying goods on - buying goods on

credit, paying over timecredit, paying over time Buying on MarginBuying on Margin - purchasing a stock - purchasing a stock

for just 10% down payment of the price for just 10% down payment of the price of the stockof the stock

Ex: Stock costs $10, the investor would put down Ex: Stock costs $10, the investor would put down $1, down the road the person would have to pay $1, down the road the person would have to pay the remaining balancethe remaining balance

Bull MarketBull Market - increase stock trading and - increase stock trading and rising stock pricesrising stock prices

Charging Bull (Wall Charging Bull (Wall Street Bull)Street Bull)


Foreign affairs:Foreign affairs: communismcommunism: economic system in which : economic system in which

all the wealth and property is owned by the all the wealth and property is owned by the community - this was implemented by community - this was implemented by Lenin in Russia, but the government Lenin in Russia, but the government controls everything (private property & controls everything (private property & religion), not the communityreligion), not the community

disarmamentdisarmament: reduction of weapons and : reduction of weapons and forcesforces

Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact: treaty outlawed war: treaty outlawed war

New Ways of LifeNew Ways of Life

Ban on Alcohol:Ban on Alcohol: 1818thth amendment amendment bootleggersbootleggers speakeasiesspeakeasies Rise of organize crime = mob and gangstersRise of organize crime = mob and gangsters

New rights for womenNew rights for women 1919thth amendment gave women the right amendment gave women the right

to voteto vote League of Women VotersLeague of Women Voters

Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt


ERA - equal rights amendment: ERA - equal rights amendment: rights shall not be denied based on rights shall not be denied based on gendergender

Women’s work: women had new Women’s work: women had new opportunities at home and at workopportunities at home and at work

The CarThe Car

Henry Ford and the assembly line Henry Ford and the assembly line Made cars more affordableMade cars more affordable $850 $850 $290 $290

Fords became more Fords became more afaffordfordable!able!

1908 19241927

HOW?


The Car:The Car: Economic effects:Economic effects:

Tourism, travel and moreTourism, travel and more Suburbs createdSuburbs created Created many jobs (rubber, glass, steel, gas, Created many jobs (rubber, glass, steel, gas,

oil etc.)oil etc.) Social effectsSocial effects

suburbs suburbs - community located outside the city- community located outside the city The car allowed for the development of the The car allowed for the development of the

suburbssuburbs


Mass cultureMass culture A National culture created by: cars, A National culture created by: cars,

music, radio, fads, and moremusic, radio, fads, and more RadioRadio

Families would gather around after dinnerFamilies would gather around after dinner News and entertainmentNews and entertainment

MoviesMovies Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin Silent movies Silent movies “talkies” “talkies”

1927 – 1927 – The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer

The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age

Era of Changing Fashions:Era of Changing Fashions: Fad: activity or fashion that is taken Fad: activity or fashion that is taken

up with great passion for a short up with great passion for a short amount of timeamount of time

Flappers: young women that rebelled Flappers: young women that rebelled against traditional ways of thinkingagainst traditional ways of thinking

Wore dresses shortWore dresses short Hair bobbedHair bobbed Red lipstickRed lipstick


JazzJazz: combined West African : combined West African rhythms, African American work rhythms, African American work songs and spirituals and European songs and spirituals and European harmoniesharmonies Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong

Writers:Writers: F. Scott Fitzgerald (F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby)) Ernest Hemmingway (Ernest Hemmingway (Farewell to Arms, Farewell to Arms,

The Sun Also RisesThe Sun Also Rises))


Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance Rebirth of African American cultureRebirth of African American culture

Large numbers of African American Large numbers of African American musicians, artists, and writers settled in musicians, artists, and writers settled in HarlemHarlem

WritersWriters Langston Hughes: poet, expressing Langston Hughes: poet, expressing

in poetry the life of African in poetry the life of African Americans of the 1920’sAmericans of the 1920’s

Athletes of the ’20sAthletes of the ’20s

Bobby Jones

Bill Tilden Helen Wills

Jack Dempsey

Gertrude Ederle Red

GrangeBabe Ruth

Charles LindbergCharles Lindberg

Mail pilotMail pilot May 1927May 1927 First to fly non-First to fly non-

stop across the stop across the Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean

33 ½ hrs.33 ½ hrs. The Spirit of St. The Spirit of St.

LouisLouis “Lucky Lindy”

Aviation on Long IslandAviation on Long Island

1938

Today

Uneven ProsperityUneven Prosperity

Not everyone was benefitting from Not everyone was benefitting from “Coolidge prosperity” “Coolidge prosperity” Clothing industryClothing industry shorter skirts = shorter skirts =

less clothless cloth Coal industryCoal industry switching over to oil as switching over to oil as

source of energysource of energy FarmersFarmers Europe no longer reliant on Europe no longer reliant on

American cropsAmerican crops Labor unionsLabor unions during WWI wages had during WWI wages had

not kept pace with pricesnot kept pace with prices

Trouble below the Trouble below the SurfaceSurface

Red ScareRed Scare During WWI fear of sabotage During WWI fear of sabotage fear of fear of

foreignersforeigners Fear of communism spreading through Fear of communism spreading through

AmericaAmerica Anarchists - people who opposed organized Anarchists - people who opposed organized

governmentgovernment Red Scare – radicals, anarchists, communists Red Scare – radicals, anarchists, communists

were arrested, jailed and sometimes deportedwere arrested, jailed and sometimes deported


Sacco and VanzettiSacco and VanzettiTwo Italian immigrants in Two Italian immigrants in Massachusetts were arrested for Massachusetts were arrested for murdermurder

Admitted anarchistsAdmitted anarchistsLimited evidence against them Limited evidence against them Convicted and put to death in Convicted and put to death in 19271927


Limiting ImmigrationLimiting ImmigrationNativism - anti-foreignersNativism - anti-foreignersEmergency Quota Act – 1921, set Emergency Quota Act – 1921, set up a quota system that allowed up a quota system that allowed only a certain number of people only a certain number of people from each country to enter the from each country to enter the USAUSA

What’s going on in this What’s going on in this cartoon?cartoon?


Scopes TrialScopes TrialClash between old and new valuesClash between old and new valuesEvolution v. ReligionEvolution v. ReligionJohn Scopes a Biology teacher in John Scopes a Biology teacher in Ohio taught evolution and was Ohio taught evolution and was arrestedarrested

Scopes was convicted and finedScopes was convicted and finedResult:Result:

People fear People fear CHANGE!CHANGE!


RacismRacismFear of change led to hatredFear of change led to hatred1915: rebirth of the KKK1915: rebirth of the KKKGoal:Goal: Preserve the USA for Preserve the USA for

white, native born Protestantswhite, native born ProtestantsMarcus Garvey - Universal Marcus Garvey - Universal

Negro Improvement AssociationNegro Improvement AssociationPromote unity and pride Promote unity and pride

1928 Election1928 Election

RepublicanRepublican Fmr. Secretary of Fmr. Secretary of

CommerceCommerce Self-made millionaireSelf-made millionaire Protestant from the mid Protestant from the mid

WestWest For ProhibitionFor Prohibition

DemocratDemocrat Fmr. Governor of New Fmr. Governor of New

YorkYork Catholic from East CoastCatholic from East Coast Was a “wet” against Was a “wet” against

ProhibitionProhibition

Herbert Hoover

Alfred E. Smith

Documents

The Roaring Twenties. President Warren G. Harding 29 th President of the United States 29 th President of the United States 1921-1923 1921-1923 Died in