The Roaring 20sChapters 12 & 13

Political Fears

Americans responded to the post WWI stress with nativist and isolationist beliefs

Communists and anarchists threats continued to rise

Red Scare – period of panic about the spread of communism within the U.S.

Quota System

Palmer Raids

Sacco and Vanzetti

Rise of the Klan

How did this reflect the

political fears of the time?

Labor Unrest

Not allowed to strike during WWI (AFL)Increased after WWIStriking works labeled as communists

Causes Effects

• Low wages

• Long working hours and weeks

• No union recognition

• Unsafe working conditions

• Strikes

• new policemen hired

• no union recognition

• stalled negotiations

• union membership declined

Labor Unrest Results

4 reasons for union membership decline◦Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions

◦Different languages were difficult to organize

◦Farmers used to relying on themselves

◦African Americans excluded

The Business of AmericaChapter 12 Section 3

American Industries Flourish

Coolidge and Hoover favored businesses and policies that kept taxes down

◦Keep gov. interference in business to minimum

◦High tariffs on imported goods

◦Reduce income tax

Consumerism of the 1920s

choose one consumer item from the 1920s and create an ad that would appeal to consumers during that time.

Ads must include the following elements◦ Name of product ◦ image or graphic◦ slogan ◦ 100% original in all

slogans, writing, and concept

◦ Be creative and neat! http://library.duke.edu/digi

talcollections/adaccess/#tabs-Date

Consumer Products of the 1920s

Automobiles (mostly owned by Ford)

Commercial flightsPhonograph (Victrola)Washing machineVacuum cleanerElectric sewing machineCurling ironPop-up toasterRefrigeratorDishwasherCampbell’s soupCoca-ColaJell-O

Kool-AidMaxwell House CoffeeWheatiesKellogg’s Corn FlakesWrigley's Spearmint

GumShredded WheatKodak CameraCine-Kodak motion

picture cameraIvory soapTelephoneShampooListerine

1920s Slang Terms

Beat one's gums - idle chatterDolled up - dressed upDough - moneyHotsy - Totsy - PleasingKeen - Attractive or appealingNifty - great, excellentOn the level - legitimate, honestRag-a-muffin - a dirty or disheveled

individualSap - a foolSpiffy - An elegant appearance

Superficial Prosperity

Businesses expanded (mergers)Income gap grew between workers and

managersRailroad, iron, and farming industries

produced more than what was neededConsumers lured to purchasing goods with

the installment planLow interest rates made borrowing money

popular and easier

Changing Ways of LifeChapter 13 Section 1

Rural and Urban Differences

Rural Life Urban Life

• slow paced and intimate • close ties of family, friends, and religion• bound by traditional morals

• large, mixed populations, often impersonal, crowded, & frightening• Offered various perspectives and opinions (competition and change)• greater tolerance of values and ideas

Prohibition

Causes EffectsVarious religious groups

thought drinking alcohol was sinful

Reformers believed that the government should protect the public’s health

Reformers believed that alcohol lead to crime, wife and child abuse, and accidents on the job

Nativists during WWI developed hostility towards German-American brewers and other immigrant groups that used alcohol

Consumption of alcohol declined

Disrespect for the law developed

An increase in lawlessness, such as smuggling and bootlegging, was popular

Criminals found a new source of income

Organized crime grew

Harlem RenaissanceSection 4

The Move North

1910-1920 – Great Migration◦Increased industrial jobs◦Racial discrimination in the south

Faced continued discrimination Movements founded to protest racial

violence◦ NAACP (National Assoc. for the Adv. of Colored People◦ UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Assoc.)

Writers Performers Musicians

Who were some of the influential

people?

What themes did their works reflect?

How did this work reflect the changes

in the 1920s?

• James Weldon Johnson• W.E. B. Du Bois• Alain Locke• Claude McKay• Jean Toomer• Langston Hughes• Zora Neale Hurston

• heritage• trials of being black in a white world• urged resistance to prejudice and discrimination• life in the ghettos• slavery and survival in the south• working-class experiences

• nativism• racial prejudices• life in the cities• plights of the working class• Great Migration

• Florence Mills•Josephine Baker• Mabel Mercer• Roland Hayes• Ethel Waters• Paul Roberson

• black musical comedies• concert style• Broadway shows about African American routes• classics

• racial prejudices• Great Migration

• Joe “ King” Oliver & Creole Jazz Band• Louis Armstrong• Fletcher Henderson• “ Duke” Ellington• Cab Calloway• Bessie Smith

• Jazz• Blues• ragtime• creole

• scat• spirituals

• fast pace of cities• changing social behaviors (women, cities, etc).• racial prejudice• Great Migration