The Roadmap to Develop Smart Water Supply

& Sanitation for Our Cities

Sudhir KrishnaJanuary 2015

1

Perspectives of a Smart City

• Economist: Money Spinner

• Architect: Well designed Structures

• Sociologist: Social Equity

• Environmentalist: Green

2

Smart WATSAN

• Drainage

• Water Supply

• Sewage Management

• Solid Waste Management

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Smart Drainage PlanningTarget: Zero flooding

• Comprehensive drainage mapping

• Legal back up

• Storm water should nurture water bodies

• Also, aquifers

• Sewage should not flow into SWD system

• Take SWD System as part of City Beauty

4

Strategic Densification Helps Smart WATSAN in Cities

5

Framework for Smart Water SupplyTarget: 24x7 Supply of Good quality water

• Approach: Metering, with Rational tariff: Reduces

water consumption with 24x7 Supply (135 to <100)

E.g.: Nagpur, Hubli-Dharwar, Surat, Ahm’bad

• SCADA for remote monitoring & metering

• Recycle & Reuse waste water: Get up to 70% extra

• Reduce NRW from 30% to 15%

• Ban use of UG Water in cities

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Smart Sewage ManagementTarget: 100% Recycle & Reuse

• Decentralised STPs: 1-2 MLD (Rs. 2-3 cr)

• No trunk line required

• Land for STP: ¼ acre

• Can be set up in Locality Parks: No LAQ

• Recycled water can be used locally-Horticulture, Construction, Industry

• Easy to set up/ Manage/ Supervise

• E.g.: Jaipur, Delhi (NBCC-New Moti Bagh)7

Sewage Recycle-Reuse is Viable: E.g. Tamil Nadu

• Sale of Recycled water for Construction, Horti &

Industry can give 100-120% of the O&M Costs

• Energy from Sludge can meet up to 80% of Plant’s

Energy needs & 40% of O&M Costs

• Sewage Tax @ Rs. 100 to 300 for Domestic & more for

Commercial, can pay up to 60% of O&M cost

• Use of Recycled water for Horticulture can reduce

fertiliser application by up to 40%

• FIRR can go up to 12% => Suited for PPP8

NMB Waste Water Treatment Plant 0.7

mld

Bio- Digester Sewage Treatment: DRDO Technology

• No sewer lines required

• No Mechanical/ Manual cleaning of septic tank

• Practically, Maintenance free & Odourless

• Excellent for crowded/ isolated habitats/ Slums

• Effluent fit for discharge into Water Bodies

• Cost & Land: << Conventional STPs

• E.g.: DRDO Coly Timarpur (Delhi), A&N, Ind. Rlys

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Bio-Digester Toilets in Indian Railways

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Solid Waste ManagementTarget: 100% Recycle & Reuse; Zero Land-fill

Current Status

• Waste generated per day: 500 gm per head

• Current processing: Nil to 50% in most cities

• Dhalao Management: A challenge

• Transportation thru the city, getting farther

• Land for processing & Land-fill: Difficult

• Leachate: Contaminate Soils & Water

• Attracts birds & dogs:=> transmit disease

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Smart Solid Waste Management: Decentralised Units

• Cost for 2 Tonne Unit: Rs. 50 lakh

• Set up in 3 months

• No Dhalao=> No stray dogs/ cattle/ Monkey / Vultures

• Easy Segregation, Daily recycling=>No foul smell

• No Transportation thru the City

• No Land-fill

• For processing: ¼ Acre

• Every Locality can have it: In Park

• No Leachate => No contamination of Aquifer/ Lakes

• Easily usable Recycled materials: Manure, RDF

13

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANT(New Moti Bagh, Delhi)

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANT( COMPOST MACHINE FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE)

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANT(FOR HORTICULTURAL WASTE)

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANT(STORAGE RACK FOR PALLETS & COMPOST)

Smart C&D Waste ManagementTarget: Zero Transportation; Zero Land-fill

Kidwai Nagar Redevelopment Project, Delhi (NBCC)

• 150 TPD Modular Plant: 30,000 Bricks per day

• Land requirement: 1 acre

• 100% Recycling & Reuse; Zero Land-fill

• Buy Back Bricks @ Rs. 5 in PPP Mode

• Add units when required

• Relocate the plant when project is over

• No transportation of waste/Produce thru city18

* Project wd generate 75000 ton C&D waste

* Recycling plant will produce 150 lakh Bricks

* Zero waste: No land-fill

C&D Recycled Brick Making Machine: EKN

19

Smart City Transport SystemTarget: Walk to Work- Safely & Quickly

• Lanes for Walking & Cycling=>Rahagiri,

• BRTS, Tramways, Metro Rail, Public Bicycles etc.

• Multi-storey Vehicle Parking=>

In Markets & Residential zones

• Service Ducts

• Unified Fare Tickets

• Safe road crossings: Vibrant subways

• Intelligent Tpt Mgmt: For crime, disaster etc. too

• Integrated Trpt Hubs: Multimodal, Multipurpose

• Regional Transport Network

• Transit Oriented Development20

MoUD

Corridor along River to be best used as

- Exclusively BRT Corridor due to Space Constraints and Provision of Green Buffer

Single Bus Lane along the either side of river

- will carry almost 25000-30000 Passengers Per Hour Per Direction (PHPD)

- While the same space if used as Motorized Vehicle Lane, it might not carry more than 3000 PHPD

The Proposed BRT and NMV Corridor- Indore

25/08/14

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Urbanisation & Poverty

• Cities provide people, including the poor, far more choices and opportunities, for everything- jobs, abode, healthcare, education, recreation.

• “Cities do not make people poor, they attract people who are poor.” - Edward Glaeser, author of the bestselling book Triumph of the City.

• Such migrants support the city with their labour and sustain the city.

• But, uncared, they tend to spoil the city by way of slums and crime.

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Smart WATSAN Makes Smart Cities:Some Examples

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Existing Recreational facilities around Hussain Sagar, Hyderabad: Laserium at Lumbini Park

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Transformations of Ghats: Kankaria Lake, Ahmadabad

After

After

Before

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Kankaria Lake Redevelopment (Ah’bad)- Mini Trains

Atal Express Train

Swarnim Jayanti Express Train5429

PIPLIYAPALA LAKE, INDORE (M.P.): BEFORE AND AFTER

TRANSFORMATION

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Micro processor based.

Sustainable irrigation system for soft

area to ensure adequate and required

water for horticulture works.

Temperature control is also ensured

with intelligently spaced misters &

foggers.

KEY PLAN

D

MUSICAL FOUNTAIN

IRRIGATION SYSTEM

PIPLYAPALA LAKE INDORE- REDEVELOPMENT

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Sabarmati River before the Project

5732

Sabarmati River Front- After the Project

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Promenade- Kochi (2014)

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35

• Boston Flow

Tests of Smartness

• Available to all, 24x7

• Rational Tariff

• Acceptable Quality

• Zero Landfill for all types of Waste

• ICT/IOT

• Responsive Governance

36

Smartness on the Edge

• Too much sanitised: Restrictive

• No personal transport: Loss of Zing

• Too much Police: Nuisance

• Defined Skyline: Poor may suffer

• Zero Landfill: 24x7 Efforts

• Too much ICT/IOT: Failsafe?

• Too much Responsive Govt: Too soft

37

Old Cities, New Cities, Villages

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1. Make existing Cities smart:

Same paradigm as for the new cities.

2. Apply to the Villages too.

3. Integrate new town with the old one:

The Growth Story of India shall be

written on the Canvass of Planned

Urbanisation

&

The Visionary Planners & Capable

Managers shall be the Script

Writers of that Story

39

Include these aspects in the

DPRs.

Thank you!sudhir.krishna@gmail.com

Tweet: @sudhir_krishna

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