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Failures of Peace Weimer Republic
Democratic government set up in Germany Not fair to blame Debt Want colonies/border territories
Russia Resented the carving up of parts of Russia
Soviet Union Joseph Stalin (1924) Wanted the Soviet Union to become a
great industrial power Abolished private farms and created
collectives 1928--Five-year Plans 1937--Becomes 2nd largest industrial
power Eliminated competition 8-13 million killed, plus famine 1939— totalitarian government
Italy 1921—Fascist Party Stressed nationalism,
state above the individual Il Duce—the leader Crushed all
oppositiontotalitarian state
Germany Adolf Hitler 1919 joined the Nazi Party Became leader, Der Fuhrer Mein Kampf1. Unite all German-speaking
people2. Enforce racial purification3. National expansion for
more living space
Japan Need for more living space for the growing
population 1931--Militarists seize control of the
Chinese province of Manchuria League of Nations responds Japan pulls out of League 1933
Europe Follows Japan Germany pulls out of League in 1933 1935 began military build up 1936 sent troops to the Rhineland Mussolini built up new empire starting with
Ethiopia in 1936
Spain 1936—Spanish army officers led
by Francisco Franco, rebelled against the Spanish republic
Spanish Civil War begins Hitler and Mussolini back Franco 1939 Franco victorious
500,000 lives lost
Continued Isolationism Kellogg-Briand Pact
Signed by 62 countries in 1928 declaring that war would not be used
Nye Committee supports idea that U.S. dragged into WWI by greedy bankers/businesses
Neutrality Acts1./2. Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at
war3. Extended ban on arms sales and loans to nations engaged in civil wars
Austria Majority of people were Germans who
favored unification March 12, 1938, German troops marched
into Austria No opposition
Czechoslovakia 3 million German speaking people in
Sudetenland (western) Living space Hitler accused Czech of abusing Sudeten
Germans Sept. 30, 1938, signed Munich Agreement
“Britain and France had to choose between
war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”
Winston Churchill
Poland Large German-speaking population Stalin signed a non-aggression pact and
secret pact to divide Poland Sept. 1, 1939, blitzkrieg of Poland
Lightning war Sept. 3, 1939, Britain and France declare
war. WWII had begun…
Stalin and the Soviet Union Annexed the Baltic States Sent army into Finland
Surrendered in 3 months
Offensive Continues… April 9, 1940, surprise invasion of Denmark
and Norway Then the Netherlands, Belgium, and
Luxembourg Through Belgium they bypass the Magniot
line and invade France Italy joins Germany France falls on June 22, 1940
Battle of Britain Summer 1940 Goal: destroy British RAF to control skies and
prepare way for land invasion of Great Britain August 15—2000 German planes Bombings on London every night for 2 months
Airfields/aircraft Cities
RAF fights back with radar Hitler calls off invasion
"I ask the German people to strengthen my faith and to lend me its strength so that I will always and everywhere have the strength to fight for its honor and freedom, to work for its economic prosperity, and particularly to strenthen me in my struggles for genuine peace."