The Road to the Revolution Why did the colonists rebel?

The Road to the RevolutionThe Road to the Revolution

Why did the colonists rebel?Why did the colonists rebel?

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Two sides Britain and the colonies vs. France and many Indian tribes including the Iroquois

Fought over land in the Ohio River Valley and domination of overseas trade (fur, sugar, etc.)

Results: Britain and the colonies nearly lost until British Secretary of

State William Pitt poured money and troops into the war won land in Ohio River Valley Britain was 147 million in debt, would need to tax colonies

to make up debt Colonies felt stronger after defeating the French

Two sides Britain and the colonies vs. France and many Indian tribes including the Iroquois

Fought over land in the Ohio River Valley and domination of overseas trade (fur, sugar, etc.)

Results: Britain and the colonies nearly lost until British Secretary of

State William Pitt poured money and troops into the war won land in Ohio River Valley Britain was 147 million in debt, would need to tax colonies

to make up debt Colonies felt stronger after defeating the French

British Colonies before and after the French and Indian WarBritish Colonies before and after the French and Indian War

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1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion

Indians had lost French and Indian War, colonists were settling on their land and discontinued French practice of giving annual gifts.

A group of Indian tribes, led by Pontiac, attacked colonists, killing many and destroying British forts.

Failed to take Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt (ran out of supplies and ammunition)

Result: colonists now had military control of Indian lands in the west

Indians had lost French and Indian War, colonists were settling on their land and discontinued French practice of giving annual gifts.

A group of Indian tribes, led by Pontiac, attacked colonists, killing many and destroying British forts.

Failed to take Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt (ran out of supplies and ammunition)

Result: colonists now had military control of Indian lands in the west

Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion


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Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

British barred colonial settlement east of the Appalachian Mountains because protecting the colonists was getting expensive.

Colonial reaction: angry because they had fought and died for this land in the Fr-Ind War and Pontiac’s Rebellion- it took away their god-given right/destiny to expand.

British barred colonial settlement east of the Appalachian Mountains because protecting the colonists was getting expensive.

Colonial reaction: angry because they had fought and died for this land in the Fr-Ind War and Pontiac’s Rebellion- it took away their god-given right/destiny to expand.

British Proclamation Line of 1763British Proclamation Line of 1763

Sugar Act of 1764Sugar Act of 1764

Lowered the tax on sugar from 6 pence to 3 pence but Britain began to enforce the tax.

Now colonists had to pay the tax whereas before they had ignored it.

Hurt colonial merchants and rum distillers who had been smuggling sugar from French and Spanish colonies.

Colonists saw it as an unfair tax, British felt the colonists needed to pay their fair share.

Lowered the tax on sugar from 6 pence to 3 pence but Britain began to enforce the tax.

Now colonists had to pay the tax whereas before they had ignored it.

Hurt colonial merchants and rum distillers who had been smuggling sugar from French and Spanish colonies.

Colonists saw it as an unfair tax, British felt the colonists needed to pay their fair share.



Stamp Act of 1765Stamp Act of 1765 British taxed paper documents (playing cards,

contracts, letters, newspapers) Colonists revolted-

Created Stamp Act Congress to discuss their options (united the upper classes)

Staged Stamp Act Riots protesting the tax (attacked property, threatened stamp distributors, hung people in effigy)- united lower classes British response

British response- Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766

British taxed paper documents (playing cards, contracts, letters, newspapers)

Colonists revolted- Created Stamp Act Congress to discuss their options

(united the upper classes) Staged Stamp Act Riots protesting the tax (attacked

property, threatened stamp distributors, hung people in effigy)- united lower classes British response

British response- Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766

Stamp Act Protest from Above & BelowStamp Act Protest from Above & Below



Cartoon of a Stamp Act Riot



Patrick Henry's speech on the Virginia Resolves (an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel)

Declaratory Act of 1766Declaratory Act of 1766

Parliament declares their full power and authority to make laws that are binding in the colonies.

Parliament declares their full power and authority to make laws that are binding in the colonies.

Townshend Acts of 1767Townshend Acts of 1767

Tax on lead, glass, paint/dyes and tea Created writs of assistance- allowed British

troops to search colonial homes to make sure people paid the tax.

Colonists were angered over invasion of privacy rights.

Boycotts involving “Daughters of Liberty” Spinning bees- women’s contribution to

boycotts

Tax on lead, glass, paint/dyes and tea Created writs of assistance- allowed British

troops to search colonial homes to make sure people paid the tax.

Colonists were angered over invasion of privacy rights.

Boycotts involving “Daughters of Liberty” Spinning bees- women’s contribution to

boycotts

Colonial Women SpinningColonial Women Spinning



Source: http://www.nwhm.org/images/Industry/woman%20spinning.jpg



Source: http://romancereaderatheart.com/colonial/timeline/spinningwheellrg.jpg

Quartering Acts of 1765Quartering Acts of 1765

Colonists were required to provide food and housing to British soldiers sent to enforce taxes/laws in the colonies.

Angered at loss of privacy, right to be secure in their homes

New York Assembly refused to comply Parliament suspended the Assembly Colonists saw it as an attack on their right to

rule themselves

Colonists were required to provide food and housing to British soldiers sent to enforce taxes/laws in the colonies.

Angered at loss of privacy, right to be secure in their homes

New York Assembly refused to comply Parliament suspended the Assembly Colonists saw it as an attack on their right to

rule themselves

Boston Massacre-March 1770Boston Massacre-March 1770

General Thomas Gage sent British troops to Boston in 1768 to quell colonial rebellion.

Colonists harassed British troops, moonlighting troops fought with mainly Irish dockworkers over jobs, pub brawls

March 5 curfew broken when Sons of Liberty rang fire bells.

People out in streets saying, “Fire, fire…”

General Thomas Gage sent British troops to Boston in 1768 to quell colonial rebellion.

Colonists harassed British troops, moonlighting troops fought with mainly Irish dockworkers over jobs, pub brawls

March 5 curfew broken when Sons of Liberty rang fire bells.

People out in streets saying, “Fire, fire…”

Henry Pelham’s engraving of the Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s Engraving of the Boston Massacre

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

One crowd surrounded sentry Hugh White who was guarding the Customs House (tax collection building)

One crowd surrounded sentry Hugh White who was guarding the Customs House (tax collection building)

Committees of Correspondence 1772Committees of Correspondence 1772 Led by Samuel Adams, 21 members Formed to keep colonists and the world

informed about violations of the colonist’s rights by the British

British saw it as ungrateful rebellion It was propaganda (trying to convince people

that the colonists were justified) Colonists would see it as a peaceful exercise

of free speech

Led by Samuel Adams, 21 members Formed to keep colonists and the world

informed about violations of the colonist’s rights by the British

British saw it as ungrateful rebellion It was propaganda (trying to convince people

that the colonists were justified) Colonists would see it as a peaceful exercise

of free speech

Boston Tea Party Dec. 1773Boston Tea Party Dec. 1773

Protested Tea Act of 1773, which excused British East India Company from paying taxes on tea (lowered the price of tea)

Colonists felt it gave the BEIC a monopoly Colonists dressed as Indians poured tea into

Boston harbor British saw it as an attack on property Colonists saw it as a legitimate form of protest

Protested Tea Act of 1773, which excused British East India Company from paying taxes on tea (lowered the price of tea)

Colonists felt it gave the BEIC a monopoly Colonists dressed as Indians poured tea into

Boston harbor British saw it as an attack on property Colonists saw it as a legitimate form of protest

Source: http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=96175&rendTypeId=4



1774 Intolerable (Coercive) Acts1774 Intolerable (Coercive) Acts Punished Boston and MA. for the tea party &

strengthened British control over colonies1. Closed the Port of Boston2. Revoked the MA. Charter and forbade town meetings

without Governor’s consent (took away their right to govern themselves)

3. British officials charged with crimes in Boston would be tried elsewhere

4. Renewed the Quartering Act Colonists saw it as an attack on their freedoms to self

govern and trade freely, & an effort to create unfair trials.

British saw it as a way of maintaining order and punishing the colonists for destruction of property.

Punished Boston and MA. for the tea party & strengthened British control over colonies

1. Closed the Port of Boston2. Revoked the MA. Charter and forbade town meetings

without Governor’s consent (took away their right to govern themselves)

3. British officials charged with crimes in Boston would be tried elsewhere

4. Renewed the Quartering Act Colonists saw it as an attack on their freedoms to self

govern and trade freely, & an effort to create unfair trials.

British saw it as a way of maintaining order and punishing the colonists for destruction of property.

Quebec Act 1774Quebec Act 1774

Extended Quebec’s boundary south to OH River (land claimed by CT, MA, VA)

Gave religious freedom to Catholics in former New France

Extended Quebec’s boundary south to OH River (land claimed by CT, MA, VA)

Gave religious freedom to Catholics in former New France

First Continental Congress 1774First Continental Congress 1774 All colonies except Georgia attended To discuss their grievances and consider

their options Some for independence, some wanted to

remain British colonies Created a Declaration of Resolves that

expressed loyalty to Britain but also declared their rights as British subjects

Called for a ban on trade with Britain King George III saw it as “a State of

Rebellion, blows must decide whether they are to be… independent.”

All colonies except Georgia attended To discuss their grievances and consider

their options Some for independence, some wanted to

remain British colonies Created a Declaration of Resolves that

expressed loyalty to Britain but also declared their rights as British subjects

Called for a ban on trade with Britain King George III saw it as “a State of

Rebellion, blows must decide whether they are to be… independent.”

Battle of Lexington and ConcordBattle of Lexington and Concord

April 1775, 1st battle of the Revolution British troops left Boston Paul Revere’s ride… 70 minutemen met the

British soldiers at Lexington village green “Shot heard round the world” fired (who?) Firing from British- 8 colonists dead, 10 wounded Brits marched to Concord, destroyed supplies On way back to Boston attacked from behind

stone walls Pats: <100 casualties, Brits: 273 killed/wounded

April 1775, 1st battle of the Revolution British troops left Boston Paul Revere’s ride… 70 minutemen met the

British soldiers at Lexington village green “Shot heard round the world” fired (who?) Firing from British- 8 colonists dead, 10 wounded Brits marched to Concord, destroyed supplies On way back to Boston attacked from behind

stone walls Pats: <100 casualties, Brits: 273 killed/wounded

Second Continental Congress 1775Second Continental Congress 1775

Met in Philadelphia Radicals pushed to declare independence Others urged restraint Had to establish army- led by George Washington

Met in Philadelphia Radicals pushed to declare independence Others urged restraint Had to establish army- led by George Washington

Dunmore’s Proclamation 1775Dunmore’s Proclamation 1775

Offered freedom to slaves who fought for Britain

Offered freedom to slaves who fought for Britain

Prohibitory Act 1775 Prohibitory Act 1775

Prohibited trade in the colonies British blockaded the colonies, in an attempt to

hurt their economy Would seize any ship that attempted to trade

with the colonies

Prohibited trade in the colonies British blockaded the colonies, in an attempt to

hurt their economy Would seize any ship that attempted to trade

with the colonies

Common Sense January 1776Common Sense January 1776

By Thomas Paine, one of the radical patriots Argued for independence

By Thomas Paine, one of the radical patriots Argued for independence

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

July 4, 1776 By Thomas Jefferson Declared independence from Britain Still needed to win the war

July 4, 1776 By Thomas Jefferson Declared independence from Britain Still needed to win the war

The Peoples of Eastern North America in 1776

The Peoples of Eastern North America in 1776

5%17%

17%

17%24%

20%

Radical Patriots

Moderate Patriots

ConservativePatriotsLoyalists

African-Americans

Native Americans

Thomas Peters

William Franklin

Ben Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

John Adams

Joseph Brant

5%17%

17%

17%24%

20%

Radical Patriots

Moderate Patriots

ConservativePatriotsLoyalists

African-Americans

Native Americans

Thomas Peters

William Franklin

Ben Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

John Adams

Joseph Brant

Source: Gary Nash. (lecture on book) The Urban Crucible. Newberry Library, Chicago. September or October 2005.

Documents

The Road to the Revolution Why did the colonists rebel?