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The Continental Army is Formed
Abigail Adams –
• brilliant wife of John Adams whose thoughts on government strongly influenced the colonial leader and future President
Abigail Adams
and John Adams — Benjamin Blythe
The Continental Army is Formed
Green Mountain Boys – • Patriot militia in Vermont
led by Ethan Allen• captured Ft. Ticonderoga,
near Lake Champlain, for its cannons
The Continental Army is Formed
2nd Continental Congress –
• acted as the American government• created Continental Army with 20,000
soldiers and authorized printing of money to pay them
• named George Washington to command it• asked colonies to form new governments• asked George III to repeal Intolerable Acts
and remove troops from America
The Continental Army is Formed
• Colonists met in Philadelphia to organize a temporary government and to set up a structured military, taking control from the mobs and madmen who had brought them to this point.
• Meanwhile, the plan to force the British from Boston was starting to develop
Summary –
The Battle of Bunker Breed’s Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill — Howard PyleThe Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill — John Trumbull
The Battle of Breed’s Hill
Breed’s Hill – • costly British victory on the hills outside
BostonWilliam Prescott – • Colonel who led the Patriots in the battle
Summary –• Patriots fortified hillsides near Boston.• showed that the inexperienced militias would
stand and fight, and they would not be easily intimidated.
A Last Attempt at Peace
Mercenaries – • soldiers who are paid to
fight in wars that they have no stake in
• German mercenaries in America were called Hessians
Quebec – • failed Patriot effort to invade Canada
• Led by Benedict Arnold
A Last Attempt at Peace
Olive Branch Petition –
• document sent to King George III by the 2nd Continental Congress
• asked George III to repeal the Intolerable Acts and remove troops from America
A Last Attempt at Peace
George III – • rejected Olive Branch Petition –
•Labeled the colonists “rebels” and declared them in rebellion
•hired 20,000 Hessian mercenaries to fight in America
•ordered blockade of American ports
A Last Attempt at Peace
Summary –
• The colonists tried once again to restore peace with the British government
• George III became all the more determined to force compliance
The British Retreat from Boston
Ticonderoga – • cannons obtained here were
used to force the British from Boston
Summary –• Once the Ticonderoga
cannons arrive, the British face the choice of either attacking fortified hills or leaving Boston.
Common Sense Is Published
Common Sense – • pamphlet written by Thomas Paine • to convince Americans the time had come to
declare independence
Summary –• Paine’s influential publication sold well• led to open debate about independence• convinced many Americans that it was the
only way to secure their rights.
A Time of Decision
Declaration of Independence –
• written to enlighten the world as to why the “United Colonies” considered themselves “free and independent states”
...the “United States of America”• The resolution that the colonies should
declare independence was proposed by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia.
• The primary author was Thomas Jefferson
A Time of Decision
Summary –
• Paine’s arguments in Common Sense influenced enough colonial leaders that a majority of the Congress began to support the idea of independence.
• Enlightenment philosophy required that reasonable men explain themselves, so they set up a committee to write the Declaration of Independence.
The Declaration is Adopted
John Hancock – • President of 2nd Continental Congress who
signed his name bigJohn Locke – • ideas of Declaration are based on his
Enlightenment philosophy
Summary –• Americans declare themselves to be a new
nation, governing themselves