The Road to Revolution 1763-1775

The Road to The Road to RevolutionRevolution1763-17751763-1775

AP US HistoryAP US History

Mr. LongMr. Long

ReviewReview

►How did the following help breed How did the following help breed resentment from the colonies towards resentment from the colonies towards Britain and help lead to Revolution.Britain and help lead to Revolution.

Queen Anne’s WarQueen Anne’s War War of Jenkin’s EarWar of Jenkin’s Ear French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Leading Factors

► After French and Indian War there was a short period of intense patriotism toward Britain.

► Two factors which led to bad relations

1. Proclamation Line2. HUGE debt after war

Deep Roots of RevolutionDeep Roots of Revolution

►Since its foundation the New World Since its foundation the New World has nurtured new ideas about the has nurtured new ideas about the nature of nature of

SocietySociety Citizens Citizens GovernmentGovernment

Deep Roots of RevolutionDeep Roots of Revolution

► Two Major Ideas are formedTwo Major Ideas are formed

RepublicanismRepublicanism (from Radical Whigs) (from Radical Whigs)►Society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their Society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their

private, selfish interests to the common good.private, selfish interests to the common good.►Stability and authority depended on citizenry Stability and authority depended on citizenry

(selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage, and civic (selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage, and civic involvement)involvement)

Opposite thought of the Old World (No one Opposite thought of the Old World (No one challenged aristocrats)challenged aristocrats)

LibertiesLiberties►Every Human has God given libertiesEvery Human has God given liberties► John Locke-John Locke- Two Treaties Two Treaties

Mercantilism and Colonial Mercantilism and Colonial GrievancesGrievances

► REMEMBER:REMEMBER: America is formed with very little America is formed with very little British involvement (Only Georgia)British involvement (Only Georgia) Very haphazard on part of the British Very haphazard on part of the British

► British embrace theory of British embrace theory of mercantilismmercantilism the economic doctrine that says government control of the economic doctrine that says government control of

foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of a state.prosperity and security of a state. Even though they Even though they really didn’t rule in colonies.really didn’t rule in colonies.

► To be successful you had to export more then you import To be successful you had to export more then you import (population)(population)

► British thought of the colonies as tenants (just there for British British thought of the colonies as tenants (just there for British profit)profit)

Merits and Menace of Merits and Menace of MercantilismMercantilism

►Mercantilism seemed selfish and oppressive Mercantilism seemed selfish and oppressive but until 1763 the laws were not really but until 1763 the laws were not really enforced (Dominion of NE failed)enforced (Dominion of NE failed) Benefits for colonists:Benefits for colonists:

►Virginia had monopoly in OW tobacco marketVirginia had monopoly in OW tobacco market►Colonists got protection from British navy/army at no Colonists got protection from British navy/army at no

cost.cost.

Problems:Problems:►After years of After years of salutary neglectsalutary neglect by the British gov the by the British gov the

colonies had developed its own economy and now colonies had developed its own economy and now Britain was trying to hinder it. Britain was trying to hinder it. Causes resentment by Causes resentment by colonistscolonists

Parliament Takes a More Active Parliament Takes a More Active RoleRole

► Remember the Remember the Glorious Revolution in Glorious Revolution in 1688 and the “English Bill of Rights”1688 and the “English Bill of Rights”

1.1. King could not suspend lawsKing could not suspend laws2.2. No taxes would be levied or standing army No taxes would be levied or standing army

maintained in peacetime w/o the consent of maintained in peacetime w/o the consent of ParliamentParliament

3.3. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequentlySessions of Parliament would be held frequently4.4. Freedom of speech in Parliament would be assuredFreedom of speech in Parliament would be assured5.5. Subjects would have the right of petition and be free Subjects would have the right of petition and be free

of excessive fines, bail or cruel punishmentsof excessive fines, bail or cruel punishments6.6. The King would be a ProtestantThe King would be a Protestant7.7. No standing army unless with consent of ParliamentNo standing army unless with consent of Parliament


► Parliament gets involved:Parliament gets involved:

1.1. 1762 Revenue Act (American Duties Act)1762 Revenue Act (American Duties Act) Prohibits officials to sub=contract their responsibilities in Prohibits officials to sub=contract their responsibilities in

the New World outthe New World out2.2. 1763 Proclamation Line1763 Proclamation Line

Colonists could not move west and settle (Colonists could not move west and settle (Felt they had Felt they had fought for that right)fought for that right)

George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville- becomes prime minister in 1763- becomes prime minister in 1763 Wants to raise taxes to bring money into treasuryWants to raise taxes to bring money into treasury British think colonists should pay more debt from war (policy British think colonists should pay more debt from war (policy

makers agree)makers agree) Grenville opposes this b/c he knows colonists will be angry but Grenville opposes this b/c he knows colonists will be angry but

also wants to show British power.also wants to show British power. Colonists have to pay for soldiers who are upholding Colonists have to pay for soldiers who are upholding

Proclamation Line, which they don’t agree with. (Proclamation Line, which they don’t agree with. (ResentmentResentment))


► Parliament gets involved:Parliament gets involved:3.3. 1764 Sugar Act1764 Sugar Act

Molasses Act of 1733 expires in 1763)Molasses Act of 1733 expires in 1763) It is a search for additional income for Britain, tax on It is a search for additional income for Britain, tax on

molassesmolasses Begins to require paperwork for trade (attempt to kill Begins to require paperwork for trade (attempt to kill

smuggling)smuggling)

4.4. 1764 Currency Act1764 Currency Act Prohibits colonists from printing paper moneyProhibits colonists from printing paper money

5.5. Quartering Act (1765)Quartering Act (1765) British provide protection, colonists should provide British provide protection, colonists should provide

room and board/suppliesroom and board/supplies


► Parliament gets involved:Parliament gets involved:6.6. 1765 Stamp Act (IMPORTANT)1765 Stamp Act (IMPORTANT)

First First Direct TaxDirect Tax imposed by the British Parliament imposed by the British Parliament Required that many printed materials be printed on Required that many printed materials be printed on

stamped paper made in London.stamped paper made in London. Any official document needed this stamp. Any official document needed this stamp.

If not stamped it was not legally bindingIf not stamped it was not legally binding Results in colonial Assemblies discussing openly Results in colonial Assemblies discussing openly

the power Parliament has over colonies.the power Parliament has over colonies. How could the colonists give parliament this power w/o How could the colonists give parliament this power w/o

representation?representation? British say they have British say they have virtual representationvirtual representation b/c those b/c those

in parliament have interests in coloniesin parliament have interests in colonies

Forced Repeal of Stamp ActForced Repeal of Stamp Act

► August 1765 the August 1765 the Loyal NineLoyal Nine come together come together in Boston protesting Stamp Act.in Boston protesting Stamp Act. Hang Andrew Oliver (Stamp distributor)Hang Andrew Oliver (Stamp distributor) Burn Burn Thomas Hutchinson’s Thomas Hutchinson’s house down (Lt. house down (Lt.

Governor = enforced laws)Governor = enforced laws) Sons & Daughters of Liberties formedSons & Daughters of Liberties formed

►Coalition of individuals who protests stamp Act/ British Coalition of individuals who protests stamp Act/ British rule in coloniesrule in colonies

►Significance:Significance: People from different groups/colonies come together for People from different groups/colonies come together for

common purpose (UNITY)common purpose (UNITY) They enforced the non-importation agreements against They enforced the non-importation agreements against

British (Tar and Feather violators)British (Tar and Feather violators)


►Stamp Act Congress (1765)Stamp Act Congress (1765) Draw up letter of grievances to the King Draw up letter of grievances to the King

and Parliament to repeal the legislation.and Parliament to repeal the legislation.►Largely ignored by EnglandLargely ignored by England►Step toward inter-colonial unityStep toward inter-colonial unity


In 1766 Stamp Act is repealed by England, but they In 1766 Stamp Act is repealed by England, but they still wanted the colonists to know they were in still wanted the colonists to know they were in controlcontrol►Repealed b/c of Colonists boycott of British goods.Repealed b/c of Colonists boycott of British goods.

►Declaratory Act:Declaratory Act: reaffirms Parliaments’ right reaffirms Parliaments’ right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever. to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever. Britain refused to yield absolute sovereignty over to Britain refused to yield absolute sovereignty over to

North American ColoniesNorth American Colonies PROBLEM:PROBLEM:

►With years of neglect colonies had created their own With years of neglect colonies had created their own political, religious, and economic structures.political, religious, and economic structures.

Townsend in PowerTownsend in Power

► Charles Townsend- Comes to power in Charles Townsend- Comes to power in colonies in 1767.colonies in 1767. Proposes that tax money not be used to pay for Proposes that tax money not be used to pay for

British soldiers but to pay Government officials. British soldiers but to pay Government officials. Also favored external (indirect) tax on colonies.Also favored external (indirect) tax on colonies.

► Townsend Act (1767)Townsend Act (1767) Most important aspect was a small tax on glass, Most important aspect was a small tax on glass,

white lead, paper, paint and white lead, paper, paint and tea.tea.►English enforced these laws strictly unlike past English enforced these laws strictly unlike past

legislationlegislation►Produced rebellion in colonists.Produced rebellion in colonists.

Townsend in PowerTownsend in Power

► Colonial RebellionColonial Rebellion Boycotts on British GoodsBoycotts on British Goods Non-importation Non-importation Sons & Daughters of LibertySons & Daughters of Liberty Committees of Correspondence:Committees of Correspondence:

►Created by Created by Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams, their chief duty was to , their chief duty was to spread spirit of resistance against Britain throughout spread spirit of resistance against Britain throughout colonies. colonies.

Brought about a complete boycott of British goodsBrought about a complete boycott of British goods Daughters of Liberty vow to forgo imported tea, coffee, Daughters of Liberty vow to forgo imported tea, coffee,

sugar, linens, etc. sugar, linens, etc. ► Women are PATRIOTS Too!Women are PATRIOTS Too!

The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre

► Circumstances Leading up to March 5, 1770Circumstances Leading up to March 5, 1770

People of Boston had become concerned about People of Boston had become concerned about British troops since 1768British troops since 1768

On Feb 2, 1770 an orphan boy is killed by British On Feb 2, 1770 an orphan boy is killed by British spy. spy. ►Samuel Adams organizes a huge funeral procession. Samuel Adams organizes a huge funeral procession. ►The tension between colonists and British heightensThe tension between colonists and British heightens

3 British soldiers are being taunted and beaten 3 British soldiers are being taunted and beaten by colonists while looking for jobs. by colonists while looking for jobs. ►They go get more soldiers and bring them to barracksThey go get more soldiers and bring them to barracks

The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre

►March 5, 1770March 5, 1770 A crowd forms at a customs house in BostonA crowd forms at a customs house in Boston Captain Preston comes to scene and stands Captain Preston comes to scene and stands

in front of the soldiers who were there. in front of the soldiers who were there. Shots were fired and 5 died (Crispus Attucks) Shots were fired and 5 died (Crispus Attucks)

and 11 wounded.and 11 wounded.

► John Adams represents British soldiers at John Adams represents British soldiers at trial. trial.

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

► Dec 16, 1773Dec 16, 1773► In response to tea tax In response to tea tax

(1773)(1773) This is what is left of This is what is left of

Townsend Acts after partial Townsend Acts after partial repeal. repeal.

Sons of Liberty used tax to Sons of Liberty used tax to keep non-importation alive keep non-importation alive but they are losing but they are losing influenceinfluence► British East India Company British East India Company

Tea is cheaper then Tea is cheaper then smuggled tea.smuggled tea.

Coercive ActsCoercive Acts

► Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) Spring 1774:Spring 1774:

Response to the Boston Tea PartyResponse to the Boston Tea Party

1.1. Boston Port BillBoston Port Bill2.2. Massachusetts Government ActsMassachusetts Government Acts3.3. Quartering Act (expanded)Quartering Act (expanded)4.4. Administration of Justice Act (Murder Act)Administration of Justice Act (Murder Act)

► Crown hoped to make an example of Crown hoped to make an example of Massachusetts with these Acts.Massachusetts with these Acts.► There is sympathy from other colonies = UNITYThere is sympathy from other colonies = UNITY

Quebec Act (1774)Quebec Act (1774)

►Quebec Act:Quebec Act:

Extends boundary to Ohio RiverExtends boundary to Ohio River Grants Canadians freedom of religionGrants Canadians freedom of religion

►Freedom only NA colonists had at this pointFreedom only NA colonists had at this point

Allows them to hold royal officeAllows them to hold royal office They are allowed to expand beyond the They are allowed to expand beyond the

Proclamation LineProclamation Line►Angers colonists Angers colonists

Road to WarRoad to War

►11stst Continental Congress: Continental Congress: Sept 1774, Philadelphia PaSept 1774, Philadelphia Pa 12 of 13 colonies represented (Georgia)12 of 13 colonies represented (Georgia) Purpose:Purpose:

►Declaration of Rights an appeal to the king and Declaration of Rights an appeal to the king and British people.British people.

►Most Significant Action = Most Significant Action = The AssociationThe Association This was a complete Boycott of British goods (non-This was a complete Boycott of British goods (non-

importation, non-exportation, and non-consumption)importation, non-exportation, and non-consumption)

►Colonists did not want Independence yet, Colonists did not want Independence yet, just home rule.just home rule.

Road to WarRoad to War Declaration of RightsDeclaration of Rights

►Condemns Parliaments actions but doesn’t throw king out.Condemns Parliaments actions but doesn’t throw king out.►Each colonists has basic rights/should have rights of Each colonists has basic rights/should have rights of

EnglishmenEnglishmen►Parliament has right to regulate tradeParliament has right to regulate trade►Parliament has shown signs of imperial encroachmentParliament has shown signs of imperial encroachment►The Association would begin Dec 1, 1774 if grievances not The Association would begin Dec 1, 1774 if grievances not

met.met. ResultResult: Parliament rejects the Congress’s : Parliament rejects the Congress’s

petitions.petitions.►Committees of Observation and SafetyCommittees of Observation and Safety

Militias and other precautions are formed by colonistsMilitias and other precautions are formed by colonists Colonists stock pile guns/ammunitionColonists stock pile guns/ammunition Colonies tell militia to be ready in a minute “minute men”Colonies tell militia to be ready in a minute “minute men”

►Establish their own governmentEstablish their own government Colonists want to rule on parallel with ParliamentColonists want to rule on parallel with Parliament

Road to WarRoad to War

►Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord British troops in Boston sent to seize the British troops in Boston sent to seize the

colonial armories at Concord/Lexington and colonial armories at Concord/Lexington and arrest the leaders.arrest the leaders.

Redcoats “massacre” colonial militia at Redcoats “massacre” colonial militia at Lexington (men are killed)Lexington (men are killed)

At Concord the militia hold their position At Concord the militia hold their position and push back Redcoats. (proved capable)and push back Redcoats. (proved capable)►Colonists have their first victory and Colonists have their first victory and

Britain had a war!Britain had a war!

Road To WarRoad To War

Imperial StrengthsImperial Strengths

1.1. Strong NavyStrong Navy

2.2. Much Bigger armyMuch Bigger army

3.3. More PeopleMore People

4.4. WealthyWealthy

Imperial WeaknessesImperial Weaknesses1.1. Troops dispatched other places Troops dispatched other places

(Ireland)(Ireland)2.2. France is bitter from F/I War France is bitter from F/I War

and want British to Sufferand want British to Suffer3.3. London gov. was London gov. was

disorganized/ineptdisorganized/inept4.4. Sent bad military leaders to Sent bad military leaders to

coloniescolonies5.5. Soldiers treated poorlySoldiers treated poorly6.6. Provisions scarceProvisions scarce7.7. Distance (3,000 miles)Distance (3,000 miles)8.8. Colonies had no urban nerve Colonies had no urban nerve

center (Just spread out)center (Just spread out)9.9. Many British didn’t want to go Many British didn’t want to go

to war (Whigs supported to war (Whigs supported colonists)colonists)

Road To WarRoad To War

Colonists StrengthsColonists Strengths1.1. Outstanding leadership Outstanding leadership

(George Washington, (George Washington, Ben Franklin)Ben Franklin)

2.2. Foreign aid from FranceForeign aid from France3.3. Many unemployed Many unemployed

workers volunteered for workers volunteered for pay (troops)pay (troops)

4.4. Fighting defensively Fighting defensively 5.5. Agriculture was mainly Agriculture was mainly

self-sustainingself-sustaining6.6. They believed in their They believed in their

cause (unlike British)cause (unlike British)

Colonists WeaknessesColonists Weaknesses1.1. Not well organized for war Not well organized for war

(unity coming but not there (unity coming but not there yet)yet)

Articles of Confederation not Articles of Confederation not until 1781 (near end of war)until 1781 (near end of war)

2.2. Smaller populationSmaller population3.3. Money was scarce Money was scarce

No money=desertion to take No money=desertion to take care of homescare of homes

4.4. Military supplies were very Military supplies were very scarcescarce

5.5. Manufactured goods (came Manufactured goods (came from Britain)from Britain)

6.6. American ProfiteersAmerican Profiteers Sold goods to British b/c they Sold goods to British b/c they

could pay in gold.could pay in gold.

Documents

The Road to Revolution 1763-1775