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Workshop on “Climate Change”
The River NileEvolution Of CooperationEvolution Of Cooperation
BYAhmed Fahmy
Nile Water SectorAdvisorNile Water SectorAdvisor, EGYPT
Alexandria, Egypt, gypMar. 31st-1st Apr., 2010
Area : about 3.0 million square km.Area : about 3.0 million square km.
Area of Lakes is 81500 square km.
Area of swamps is 70000 square km.
Length : more than 6000 km.
Length of Rivers and Tributaries is 37500 km.
10 Riparian States with 250 million people
5 States are among the Ten Poorest in World.
Extreme Poverty
Instability
Rapid Population Growth
Environmental degradationEnvironmental degradation
Natural disasters (Floods, Droughts, ….etc.)
Complicated hydrology of Basin
Low Specific Yield
Equitable Use and no harm Principle
River is least developed in upper reaches.
Potentialities are great (Water savingPotentialities are great. (Water saving, Agriculture, Power pooling, ….etc)
Great chance for win-win solutions.
Serious steps taken for cooperation is anSerious steps taken for cooperation is an incentive for donors.
Potential In Nile Basin
Potentialities in the Nile BasinPotentialities in the Nile Basin
1. Surface and Ground WaterTotal Rainfall on the Basin is about 2100 BCM.Annual Yield of the Nile is Estimated as 84 BCM.Ratio of the Annual Yield is 5% of the Potential.Lost Potential:• Rainfed Agriculture• EvaporationEvaporation• Evapotranspiration• Recharge of Ground Water
Cont Potentialities in the Nile BASIN
3-Land for Irrigation
Cont.Potentialities in the Nile BASIN
CountryIrrigation potential Area already under
irrigation
(Ha) (Ha)Burundi 80000 0
Egypt 4420000 3078000
Eritrea 150000 15124
Ethiopia 2220000 23160
Kenya 180000 6000
Rwanda 150000 2000
Sudan 2750000 1935200
Tanzania 30000 10000
Uganda 202000 9120
Zaire 10000 0
Total 10192000 5078604
PROFILE OF RIVER NILE BASIN
Nile hydropower Energy potential
60000 Potential Generation
50000
r
Developed Generation
30000
40000
h/ye
ar
Total Potentialis 140,000 GWh/year
20000GW
h
0
10000
B r ndi Eg pt Ethiopia Ken a R anda S dan Tan ania UgandaBurundi Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Sudan Tanzania Uganda
Nile Riparian - Hydropower Potential Tapped
100%
Europe80%
Kenya
N AmericaEurope
60%
Egypt TanzaniaUganda
20%
40%
Burundi
DRC Ethiopia
SudanTanzania
0%
20%
Nile Basin Lightingg g
Evolution Of Cooperationf p
☺ Agreements and Treaties☺ Agreements and Treaties.
☺ The Hydrometeological Survey of EquatorialL k (HYDROMET 1967 1992)Lakes (HYDROMET 1967-1992).
☺ Technical Cooperation Committee forPromotion of the Development andEnvironmental Promotion of the Nile BasinProject (TECCONILE 1992 1998)Project (TECCONILE 1992-1998).
☺ Transition period (D3 project, Nile 2002).
☺ Nile Basin Initiative (NBI).
•First Phase: (1967-1972)
Data collection, analysis and publication,Data collection, analysis and publication,hydrometeorological network training.
• Second Phase: (1975-1981)( )
Development a Mathematical model of EquatorialLakes (Rainfall – Runoff, Lake Regulation, ChannelRouting, Water Quality).
* Third Phase: (1981-1992)
Continuation of The Activities of Phase 1 and Use TheMathematical Model in Different Applications.
OBJECTIVES D l i N t l W t M t Pl d I t tiDeveloping Natural Water Master Plans and IntegrationInto a Nile Basin Development Action Plan.
Developing The Infrastructure, Capacity Building andDeveloping The Infrastructure, Capacity Building andTechniques for Management of Water Resources.
To Assist The Countries in The Development, Conservationp ,and Use of The Nile Basin Water Resources in an IntegratedSustainable Way Through Basin-Wide Cooperation for TheBenefit of AllBenefit of All.
To Determine The Equitable Entitlement of Each Riparian.
TECCONILE ACTION PLAN
The Nile River Basin Action Plan (NRBAP)Preparing of 22 ProjectsPreparing of 22- Projects.Budget Estimated is US $ 100,000.
The Main Themes of The PlanThe Main Themes of The PlanA. Integrated Water Resources Planning and
Management (5 Projects).B. Capacity Building (8 Projects).C. Training (1 Project).D. Regional Cooperation (5 Projects).E. Environmental Protections (3 Projects).
To attain a regional cooperative framework acceptableObjective
to all Basin countries in order to promote Basin-widecooperating in integrated water resources planning andmanagement.management.
ComponentsLegal Principals :g p
a) General principals
b) Rights & obligations
Institutional Arrangements.
Data and Information (Technical Resources)
PROJECTTHEOFOUTPUTSTHE
Out put 1: Recommendations for appropriatep pp pmulti-disciplinary framework for legal andinstitutional arrangements for water resources
development of the Nile Basindevelopment of the Nile Basin.
Out put 2 : Recommendations for processOut put 2 : Recommendations for process,methodology and activities which lead to thedetermination of equitable and legitimate rights of
i h i iwater use in each riparian country.
B-3. THE NILE BASIN INITIATIVE
(NBI)
Putting the Putting the Shared VisionShared VisionPutting the Putting the
Shared VisionShared VisionShared Vision Shared Vision into actioninto action
Shared Vision Shared Vision into actioninto action
NILE BASIN INITIATIVENILE BASIN INITIATIVE(NBI) AGREED MINUTES
Wh t i NBI?What is NBI?
The NBI brings all Nile Basin countries to work together to develop the resources of
the Nile Basin for the benefit of all.
It is a mechanism to begin implementation of the vision which weimplementation of the vision which we
have for the future
Wh i th NBI?Why is the NBI?
Recognizing that the basin has aRecognizing that the basin has a shared past and a shared future.
Urgent need for development and g pthe eradication of poverty.
NBI OBJECTIVES
To develop the water resources of the Nile BasinTo develop the water resources of the Nile Basinin a sustainable and equitable way to ensureprosperity, security and peace for all its peoples.To ensure efficient water management and theoptimal use of the resources.To ensure cooperation and joint action betweenTo ensure cooperation and joint action betweenthe riparian countries, seeking win-win gains.To target poverty eradication and promoteeconomic integration.To ensure that the program results in a movefrom planning to actionfrom planning to action.
Th NBI St tThe NBI StructureCouncil of Ministers
Nile-COM
Technical Advisory Committee Nile-TAC
NBI Secretariat - Nile-SEC
Nile Basin InitiativeProgramsPrograms
NBINile Basin Initiative
S SAPSSVPShared Vision Program
SAPSSubsidiary Action Program
NELSAPNile Equatorial Lakes
ENSAPE t NilNile Equatorial Lakes
Subsidiary ActionProgram
Eastern NileSubsidiary Action
Program
SVP Project Portfolio
Common Elements
Function Type
T
Project
1 Nile Transboundary Environmental ActionElements• Basin-wide engagement and dialogue
THEMAT
1. Nile Transboundary Environmental Action2. Nile Basin Regional Power Trade3. Efficient Water Use for Agricultural g
•Dev. Strategic & analytical frameworks
IC
gProduction
4. Water Resources Planning & Management
•Dev. Best practical tools & demost.
FACIL
5. Confidence Building & Stakeholder InvolvementA li d T i i
•Stakeholder involvement
H &
LITATI
6. Applied Training
7. Socio-Economic Development & Benefit Sh i
8. SVP Coordination
•Human & institutional capacity
IVE
Sharing
International Nile DiscourseInternational Nile DiscourseInternational Nile DiscourseInternational Nile DiscourseInternational Nile DiscourseInternational Nile DiscourseInternational Nile DiscourseInternational Nile Discourse
Burundi Rwanda
TanzaniaSudanEthiopia
KenyaEritrea Egypt
Nile Equatorial Lakes
Eastern Nile
yEritrea gyp
DRC Uganda
Nile BasinNile BasinNile BasinNile BasinNile BasinNile BasinNile BasinNile Basin
ENSP Projects
PROJECTS
Fast Track Multipurpose
Flood preparednessWatershed Management
EN Power tradeIrrigation and Drainageg
Ethio.-Sudan Transm. Inter.Planning Math. Model
g gBaro-Akobo IWRMJoint Multipurpose
NELSAP Projects
إنشاء وحدة للتنسيق بين الجنوبى النيل مشروعات
مشروع رفع ودعم اإلنتاجية وبىالزراعية ج يل ا رو ا
مشروع اإلدارة المتكاملة ض ل ة ائ ال د ا لل
مشروع اإلدارة التعاونية ھ ن ض ل ة ائ ال د ا لل
ي زرا ا
للموارد المائية لحوض نھـــــــر الكاجيرا
مشروع مقاومة نبات مشروع اإلدارة المتكاملة
للموارد المائية لحوض نــــھرمارا
الھايسنت بحوض نھر الكاجيرا
يات ل أ ة ا د ع ش ة الكھ الطاقة د ل ت ع ش
للموارد المائية لحوض نھر سيو– ماالبا – مالكيس
مشروع دراسة أولويات مشروعات الطاقة الكھربية
مشروع توليد الطاقة الكھربيةمن مساقط روسومو
مشروع الربط الكھربى الداخلى بين رواندا وبورندى والكنغو الديمقراطية و اغندا
مشروع تقوية الربط الكھربى الداخلى بين كينيا واوغندا
NELSAP Projects
Fisheries of lake Albert and Edward
Enhanced agriculture Albert and Edward
Kagera river basin integrated water
Management of t f
ag cu tu eproductivity
integrated water resources management
Water hyacinth Management of water f M l ki i
water resources of Mara river basin
yabatement in
Kagera river basin
Ranking and R F ll
resources of Malakisi -Malaba- Sio river basins
Ranking and feasibility of (HEP) in NEL-SAP region
Rusumo Falls Hydropower development
Interconnection between Rwanda and
DRC, Burundi & Uganda
Interconnection between Kenya
and Uganda
Funding Status (SVP, SAP’s)
PROGRAMME $US Millions
Diff
SVP 30
Cost
130
Pledged
100
EN-SAP 10
5
29
23NEL-SAP
39
28
Total 197 152 45
General Trends of Cooperation
1. There is evidence that cooperation is1. There is evidence that cooperation is and has been the key to sustainable development of shared water resources.
2. Minimum level of cooperation should be information exchange, consultation, and monitoring.
3. Technical information has continues tol i l l iplay a crucial role in water resources
decision making.
General Trends of Cooperation
4 There is shift from deterministic4. There is shift from deterministic future and having a shared vision and shared holders participationand shared holders participation.
5 Th Ri h ld b l k d t5. The River should be looked at as one hydrologic unit, where
ti i l tcooperative regional assessment can be designed and implemented.
General Trends of Cooperation
6. Public awareness and stakeholders6. Public awareness and stakeholders participation campaign will foster cooperation among riparian states.
7. Negotiations and mediations are the best mechanism to solve international water disputes.
8. Sharing of benefits of joint win – win l i i i l h h isolution is more practical than sharing
of water, specially in early stages of cooperationcooperation.
General Recommendations
Cooperation among the riparian states is theCooperation among the riparian states is the only way to develop an international river.
The spirit of transparency and good will must prevail among riparian states to achieve the p g pwin-win solution.
The existing treaties, conventions, and rules and principles of international law should be respected.
General RecommendationsGeneral Recommendations
Each country is entitled to an equitable sharey qfrom the river, without causing appreciable harmto other riparian states and it should be done in acooperative manner and with prior consultationscooperative manner and with prior consultations.
Negotiations and mediation for sharing benefitsg gand costs should be the base for cooperation andshould not be affected by political crisis.
Establishment of a legal and institutionalframework is essential to implement thepsustainable development plan of the River Basin.
Achievements Of Cooperative FrameworkCooperative Framework
The Cooperation framework mostly completedThe Cooperation framework mostly completed except following Items.
The existing Agreements.
prior Notification.p o Not cat o .
Still under Negotiation
Achievements Of SVP
2009Projects listed are terminated In Dec.,
1. Nile Transboundary Environmental Action
2 Effi i t W t U f A i lt l2. Efficient Water Use for Agricultural Production
3. Confidence Building & Stakeholder Involvement
4. Applied Training
5. Socio-Economic Development & Benefit5. Socio Economic Development & Benefit Sharing
Achievements Of SAPS
Eastern NileEastern Nile– Irrigation And Drainage
PLEASE VISIT OUR WEB SITE
www.nilebasin.orgg
Thank You for Your Kind Attention