PowerPoint Presentation

The Rise of TotalitarianismTwo Ways to Keep ControlVocabulary to KnowTotalitarianismA system of government where the state has absolute power and control over all aspects of civilian life.CommunismA system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.Totalitarian

FascismA system of government that promotes nation and often race above the individualTotalitarian

Anti-SemitismPrejudice or hatred towards Jews

InflationAn increase in the price you pay for goods

AppeasementA diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to an aggressor.

IsolationismA policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups or nations.

Brief Overview of the UnitMade with Office Timeline 2010www.officetimeline.com' 22Oct1922Aug1926Jun1930Apr1934Feb1938Dec1941Oct1945Aug1949' 53Nanking Massacre12/13/37Japan Invades Manchuria9/19/31Mussolini Rules in Italy10/31/227/25/43Stalin Rules in Russia1/1/293/5/53The Great Depression10/29/2912/31/39Hitler Rules in Germany1/30/334/30/45Franco Rules in Spain10/1/363/5/53World War II Begins9/1/399/2/45Essential QuestionsWhat is the Gulag and why were people sent there?Define totalitarianism and provide two characteristics found in most totalitarian governments.What is Fascism and why did it rise to power in the placesthat it did?

Communism in the Soviet UnionStalinLeader of the SovietUnion from 1929-1953TotalitarianRuthlessly Held Power

How Many Died?20 Million on a Low Estimate60 Million on a High EstimateCheka/NKVD/KGBSecret PoliceGathered IntelligenceRan the GulagSystem

The GulagConsisted of 476separate laborcamps

Who was sent to the Gulag?Kulaks (Rich Farmers)Bloodsuckers, vampires, plunderers of the people and profiteers, who fatten on famine. LeninSupporters of another political party.Former Bolshevik party members.Soviet POWs (Soviets caught by Germany during WWII) and desertersHard criminals (robbers, rapists, murderers)Soft criminals (petty theft, being late to work)Families and friends of criminalsThe PurgesThe Great Purge from 1936-1938Kulaks, clergymen, counterrevolutionariesThe HolodomorOccurred in Ukraine between 1932 and 1933Caused by intentional Soviet famine.3-7 million people died.23 million in the country total in 1931!Millions more of unborn children due to malnourishment.Also called The Terror Famine

The Great DepressionMade with Office Timeline 2010www.officetimeline.com' 22Oct1922Aug1926Jun1930Apr1934Feb1938Dec1941Oct1945Aug1949' 53Nanking Massacre12/13/37Japan Invades Manchuria9/19/31Mussolini Rules in Italy10/31/227/25/43Stalin Rules in Russia1/1/293/5/53The Great Depression10/29/2912/31/39Hitler Rules in Germany1/30/334/30/45Franco Rules in Spain10/1/363/5/53World War II Begins9/1/399/2/45The Great Depression:Period of economic decline that occurred around the world.In most countries unemployment rose above 20 or 30%Unemployment

World Economic Conference Activity: What Caused the Great Depression?

UtopiavilleArguing forProtectionismHogwarts Arguing for ReparationsRepublic of Edison Arguing for the Stock Market CrashAtlantis Arguing for Overproduction Patchland Arguing for Unequal WealthRead Your Information Sheet.Argue for Your Cause, While Others in the Group Listen and Fill Out Their Worksheet. As a Group, Come to a Consensus on the Main Cause of the Great Depression.Five Causes of the Great DepressionReparations Payments and War DebtsGlobal system of loans and debts left world financially unstable.Overproduction in AgricultureParadoxically, too much food led to loss of jobs. There was nobody buying all the food produced.The Stock Market CrashCaused a string of bank closures and unemployment.Inequitable Income DistributionThe poor took up credit lines to afford basic needs.ProtectionismTaxes on imports/exports caused global trade to halt.

Effects of the Great DepressionPoor economic conditions mean radical governments start taking hold around the world.

Totalitarianism CharacteristicsCharacteristicsSecret Police

Censorship of Press and Media

Cult of Personality

Totalitarianism vs. Communism vs. Fascism

Fascism in ItalyProblems After WWIBenito MussoliniIl DuceTook power in 1922via military coup (theMarch on Rome)Promised to rebuild Italyand recreate RomanEmpireMilitaristicDistrusted democracyand believed in a unifiedItalian state

Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived in their relation to the State. - Benito Mussolini Invasion of Ethiopia (1935-1936)Mussolini invades Ethiopia for land and for revengeItaly had lost a war with Ethiopia in 1896.League of Nations did nothing to stop him.

Fascism in Germany

Made with Office Timeline 2010www.officetimeline.com' 22Oct1922Aug1926Jun1930Apr1934Feb1938Dec1941Oct1945Aug1949' 53Nanking Massacre12/13/37Japan Invades Manchuria9/19/31Mussolini Rules in Italy10/31/227/25/43Stalin Rules in Russia1/1/293/5/53The Great Depression10/29/2912/31/39Hitler Rules in Germany1/30/334/30/45Franco Rules in Spain10/1/363/5/53World War II Begins9/1/399/2/45Germany After WWIVery poor economy.Hyperinflation.High unemployment.German power and prestige lessened.

Adolf HitlerRejected from art schoolas a teenagerJoined the National Socialist German Workers' PartyWanted to start the ThirdReich in GermanyBecame chancellor ofGermany in 1933Would quickly take more andmore power.Became Fuhrer in 1934when the president of Germanydies.

Racial ViewsBelieved that the Aryan race was superior.Blonde haired, blue eyed Germanic people.Anti-semitic: Believed Jews were subhuman.Also believed Poles, Russians, Gypsies, Africans, homosexuals, and handicapped were subhuman.Eugenics: Trying to make a pure blooded people.Positive eugenics: Breeding those with good genes.Negative eugenics: Killing those with bad genes.

Beer Hall Putsch (1923)An unsuccessful attemptat revolution by HitlerInspired by MussolinisMarch on RomeJailed for a yearWrote Mein Kampf whilein jail.

Hitler Comes to PowerNazi Party:1930 = 18% of the vote.1932 = 30% of the vote.Becomes chancellor in 1933 and bans all other political parties.

Nuremberg Laws (1935)Anti-semitic laws banning marriage between Jews and non-JewsDefined a Jew as a person who descended from 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents

Kristallnacht (1938)The Night of Broken GlassAttacks against Jewish business owners by the SA Stormtroopers91 died, thousands more sent to concentration camps.More on concentration camps next unit

Invasions of Other NationsEnters the Rhineland (1936)League of Nations does nothing.Formed the Anschluss (1938) with Austria that was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. It annexed Austria into Nazi Germany.League of Nations does nothing.Demands the Sudetenland of Czechloslovakia. Eventually would invade the whole of Czechoslovakia anyways (1939)League of Nations does nothing.Invades Poland (1939)

ActivityHistorical Question: How did totalitarianism rise in Germany?

Youll be reading four sources with four different opinions on how Nazism became popular in Germany. The different opinions are:The bad economy.The signing of the Treaty of Versailles.The charisma of Hitler.Propaganda.

Activity:Your goal over the next several classes is to read the sources and come up with your own opinion as to why Nazism became popular in Germany.

Note! Be sure to consider the source of the document and the context of the document before agreeing with it.

Part One of ActivityInstructions:Read the document (5 Minutes)Pair with a partner and highlight the following in different colors.Source information (Who wrote it? When did they write it?)Context information (What was happening at the time this was written?)Answer the questions on the worksheet about the document.Part Two of ActivityCorroboration: Verifying that the information in a source is true by finding other sources that have the same.

Look through the posters, graphs, news articles on the walls to find evidence that corroborates your four original documents. Fascism in Spain

Made with Office Timeline 2010www.officetimeline.com' 22Oct1922Aug1926Jun1930Apr1934Feb1938Dec1941Oct1945Aug1949' 53Nanking Massacre12/13/37Japan Invades Manchuria9/19/31Mussolini Rules in Italy10/31/227/25/43Stalin Rules in Russia1/1/293/5/53The Great Depression10/29/2912/31/39Hitler Rules in Germany1/30/334/30/45Franco Rules in Spain10/1/363/5/53World War II Begins9/1/399/2/45Spanish Civil WarLasted from 1936-1939The Nationalists, led by Francisco Franco, revolt against the Republican government. The Nationalists rejected the changes of the Republicans. The Nationalists spoke of Spanish pride (hence the term Nationalists)Francisco FrancoIn power 1939-1975FascistPracticed political oppression through a secret police.Advocated for a strong Spain.

Fascism in Japan

ImperialismInvades Manchuria (1931)Invades China (1937)

Totalitarianism vs. Communism vs. FascismCommunism vs. Fascism