The Rise of RomeThe Rise of Rome

World HistoryWorld History

Chapter 8Chapter 8

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• The geographic feature describing Italy

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• The mountains that run north to south in Italy

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• The mountains located to the north of Italy

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• The river that flows through Rome

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• The water body located to the east of Italy

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• The water body located to the south of Italy

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• The water body located to the west of Italy

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• The reason Rome was built on seven hills

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• By legend, the twin brothers who founded the city of Rome

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• They rescued and raised the founders of Rome

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• The first king of Rome

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• The author of the Aeneid

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• The “father” of the Roman people

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• Three major groups of people in early Italy

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• The Romans learned this from the Greeks

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• The Etruscans changed the architecture in Rome by doing this

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• Some of the daily activities of the early Etruscans

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• The type of dress introduced to the Romans by the Etruscans

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• Two advantages of the Romans being under the rule of the Etruscans

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• In a republic, they have the real power

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• The overthrow of these people led to the beginning of the Republic of Rome

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• The qualifications for serving in the Roman army

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• The fate of those who deserted the Roman army

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• Changing to legions allowed the Roman army to do this

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• The purpose of the Roman soldier’s standard

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• Another name for the Roman short sword

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• Another name for the Roman soldier’s spear

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• The Roman soldier’s plan as they entered new territory

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• Four benefits under the Roman Confederation

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• The wise strategy utilized by the Romans to prove they were clever rulers

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• The number of soldiers making up a legion

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• The number of 60-soldier groups that a Roman legion could be divided into

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• The number of 120-soldier groups that a Roman legion could be divided into

Section 2Section 2

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• The nobles who made up the ruling class of Rome

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• The class of people in Rome that were made up of artisans and small farm owners

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• The majority of Romans belonged to this class

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• The major difference between the two classes of people in Rome

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• The major islands Rome conquered during the early years of the Republic

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• Two physical features that explains why Rome did not expand further north

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• The reason two consuls were chosen each year to head the government and the army

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• The Latin word for veto

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• The main job of the praetors

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• The branch of government of Rome’s Senate

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• The role of Rome’s Senate

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• This body elected consuls and praetors and passed laws

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• This group made up the majority of the legislative bodies

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• The action made by the plebians to get the attention of the patricians

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• The most important reform made by the Council of the Plebs

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• The role of women in the early Roman Republic

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• The main reason a dictator was chosen by the Roman Republic

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• The best known early dictator of Rome and his job prior to becoming a dictator

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• The similarities between Rome’s first dictator and the first president of the U.S.

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• The first code of laws for Rome

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• Another name for the Forum

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• The reason for the need of the Law of Nations

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• The underlying basis for our legal system today

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• The land area of Carthage was founded by these earlier people

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• The largest and richest city in the western area of the Mediterranean

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• The Punic War was fought between these two powers

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• Punicus is the Latin word which means this

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• The island taken over by the Romans as a result of the First Punic War

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• The greatest general of Carthage

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• The move into this country outraged the Romans

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• The greatest obstacle for Hannibal in making his way into Italy

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• The winner of the Second Punic War

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• The three outcomes for the defeat at Zama

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• The war in which Carthage became a province of Rome

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• The reason the Romans called the Mediterranean

mare nostrum

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• The three ways Rome punished Carthage after the Third Punic War

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• Question for Thought: Why do you think Cincinnatus is so honored for his behavior as dictator?

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• The reason farmers were in heavy debt

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• The land owners used this to help with their large farming estates

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• Another name for the large farming estates

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• The Roman farmers became poor in the 100 B.C. because of this

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• The idea of “bread and circuses” helped these people

FYIFYI

• The Roman “circus” referred to in the policy of “bread and circuses” was not like the circus of today. Instead, it was a great arena that held spectators who came to see chariot races, footraces, and fights to the death between gladiators.

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• The problem as identified by Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus

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• The fate of Tiberius and Gaius

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• Marius used this as a “selling point’ in recruiting new soldiers

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• He would become a rival of Marius

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• The role that Sulla would declare for himself

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• Sulla’s actions caused this to happen in Rome

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• They formed the First Triumvirate

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• In the First Triumvirate, he was the military leader

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• Senators thought Caesar was becoming too popular for this reason

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• Crassus had a responsibility to this area

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• Pompey had a responsibility to this area

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• Small river at the southern boundary of Caesar’s command

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• “Crossing the Rubicon” means this

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• Caesar destroyed Pompey’s army in this country

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• This was unusual in Caesar becoming the dictator of Rome

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• Four major reforms made by Caesar

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• The two senators who plotted Caesar’s death

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• The reason the senators wanted to rid themselves of Caesar

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• The date of the “Ides of March”

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• The fate of Caesar

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• The grandnephew of Caesar

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• The two generals who would work with Caesar’s grandnephew

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• These men made up the Second Triumvirate

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• This member of the Second Triumvirate who took control of the western side of the Roman Empire

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• This member of the Second Triumvirate who took control of the eastern side of the Roman Empire

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• Cleopatra VII was from this country

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• The reason Octavian declared war on Antony

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• This battle was the beginning of Antony and Cleopatra killing themselves

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• He would set up the Roman Empire

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• Three roles of Cicero

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• Octavian’s government reflected the ideas of Cicero in this way

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• The title Octavian gave to himself

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• The name Octavian would go by

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• The time of Pax Romana began under his reign as emperor

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• The 8 major reforms made under Augustus

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• He said “I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”

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• The wife of Augustus

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• This word means the same as proconsul

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• The method for choosing a successor to Augustus

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• The four emperors to follow Augustus (in order)

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• Under this emperor, Britain was conquered

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• These emperors following Augustus who were not kind to the Roman people

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• The strangest thing about the reign of Emperor Caligula

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• This emperor “fiddled while Rome burned”

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• The fate of Nero

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• This emperor restored peace to Rome following Nero

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• This natural disaster occurred under the reign of Titus

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• The city destroyed by the volcanic eruption

One historian’s thought on One historian’s thought on Mount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius

• “Day was turned into night, and light into darkness; an inexpressible quantity of dust and ashes was poured out, deluging land, sea, and air, and burying two entire cities, Herculaneum and Pompeii.”

• By the time Vesuvius quieted again, Pompeii had almost disappeared, buried under 20 feet of ash, stone, and debris.

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• These 5 emperors were known as the “good emperors”

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• This emperor gave money to help parents educate their children

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• The purpose of an aqueduct

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• This was the essential part of nature that helped the aqueducts work properly

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• The two main languages spoke in the Roman Empire during the A.D. 100s

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• This emperor made the Roman laws easier to understand

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• The trade items that came from the various regions of the empire

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• This protected Rome’s interest in the Mediterranean

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• These two things made it easier for people to price goods and trade

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• The creation of Rome’s common currency advanced this throughout the empire

ConclusionConclusion

• This concludes the study on the early Roman Republic.

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