THE RISE OF ISLAMTHE RISE OF ISLAM THE PROPHET MUHAMMADTHE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

RevelationsRevelations At 40, heard the voice of At 40, heard the voice of GABRIELGABRIEL the the

angelangel Told him he was a messenger of God - Told him he was a messenger of God -

PROPHETPROPHET.. Told him he was the last of the Told him he was the last of the

PROPHETSPROPHETS.. All other All other PROPHETSPROPHETS must be must be

abandonedabandoned ISLAMISLAM - “submission to the will of Allah - “submission to the will of Allah MUSLIMMUSLIM- “one who has submitted”- “one who has submitted”

The HijrahThe Hijrah Hijrah – Muhammad’s journey from Yahtrib Hijrah – Muhammad’s journey from Yahtrib

to to MECCAMECCA– later named Medina.– later named Medina. The journey attracted many The journey attracted many FOLLOWERSFOLLOWERS.. Became a political, religious and Became a political, religious and MILITARYMILITARY

leader.leader. Returning to MeccaReturning to Mecca

Muslims and Meccans battled each otherMuslims and Meccans battled each other Mecca’s power as a trade center Mecca’s power as a trade center

DECLINEDDECLINED.. Mecca’s leaders surrendered to Mecca’s leaders surrendered to

MUHAMMADMUHAMMAD.. He entered the city and had the call to He entered the city and had the call to

PRAYERPRAYER.. Muhammad died two years later at the age Muhammad died two years later at the age

of of 6262..

Beliefs and Practices of IslamBeliefs and Practices of Islam Only one God - Only one God - MONOTHEISMMONOTHEISM There is good and evil and each person is responsible for There is good and evil and each person is responsible for

their life.their life. The Holy book of Muslims - The Holy book of Muslims - KORANKORAN

All will stand before Allah after death for All will stand before Allah after death for JUDGEMENTJUDGEMENT The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam

1.1. - belief in Allah and Muhammad is the profit of his word.- belief in Allah and Muhammad is the profit of his word. FAITHFAITH

2.2. - five times a day, at a mosque (Islamic house of worship), or - five times a day, at a mosque (Islamic house of worship), or wherever they find themselves.wherever they find themselves. PRAYERPRAYER

3.3. - support the less fortunate- support the less fortunate ALMSALMS

4.4. - during the holy month of Ramadan, eat and drink nothing - during the holy month of Ramadan, eat and drink nothing between dawn and sunset.between dawn and sunset. FASTINGFASTING

5.5. - once in a lifetime, all Muslims- once in a lifetime, all Muslims must journey to Mecca. must journey to Mecca. PILGRIMAGEPILGRIMAGE

Beliefs and Practices of IslamBeliefs and Practices of Islam

Believers are forbidden to eat Believers are forbidden to eat PORKPORK or drink or drink wine or other intoxicating beverages.wine or other intoxicating beverages.

Muhammad’s example of how to live your life is Muhammad’s example of how to live your life is called called SUNNASUNNA

To Muslims, Allah is the same God worshiped in To Muslims, Allah is the same God worshiped in CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY and Judaism. and Judaism. Qur’an is same as Jewish Torah (Old Testament) and Qur’an is same as Jewish Torah (Old Testament) and

the Christian’s the Christian’s NEW TESTAMENTNEW TESTAMENT

10.2 NOTES THE SPREAD OF ISLAM10.2 NOTES THE SPREAD OF ISLAM MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSORS MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSORS

SPREAD ISLAMSPREAD ISLAM CALIPHCALIPH means “successor” or means “successor” or

“deputy”“deputy” 4 “Rightly Guided” 4 “Rightly Guided”

CALIPHSCALIPHS Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and AliAbu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali All knew All knew

MUHAMMADMUHAMMAD Well-disciplined armies overwhelmed Well-disciplined armies overwhelmed

forcesforces Conquered peoples allowed to Conquered peoples allowed to

choose religionchoose religion Many convert to Many convert to

ISLAMISLAM..

CONFLICT WITHIN A THE CONFLICT WITHIN A THE MUSLIMSMUSLIMS

Umayyad’s family-Umayyad’s family- Set up a hereditary system of Set up a hereditary system of

successionsuccession Moved capital to Moved capital to

DAMASCUSDAMASCUS, (Syria), (Syria) Muslims felt capital was moved too far Muslims felt capital was moved too far

from homelandfrom homeland Began to surround themselves with Began to surround themselves with

wealthwealth Sunni-Shi’a SplitSunni-Shi’a Split

Those who accepted Umayyad’s rule – Those who accepted Umayyad’s rule – SUNNISUNNI

Those who did not accept Umayyad’s Those who did not accept Umayyad’s rule – rule –

SHI’ASHI’A – (Caliph needed to be relative of – (Caliph needed to be relative of Muhammad)Muhammad)

The The SUFISUFI pursued a life of poverty and pursued a life of poverty and devotion in reaction to the Umayyads.devotion in reaction to the Umayyads.

The The ABBASIDSABBASIDS overthrow the overthrow the UmayyadsUmayyads

MUSLIMS CONTROL THREE CONTINENTSMUSLIMS CONTROL THREE CONTINENTS

A member of the A member of the ABBASIDSABBASIDS family set up family set up a dynasty in Spaina dynasty in Spain

Abbasids consolidate powerAbbasids consolidate power Iraq, Iran, and centralIraq, Iran, and central ASIAASIA.. Moved Capital in 762 to Moved Capital in 762 to

BAGHDAD, BAGHDAD, Iraq.Iraq. Rival Groups Divide Muslim Rival Groups Divide Muslim

landslands Independent Muslim states Independent Muslim states

sprang up.sprang up. The The FATIMIDFATIMID Dynasty named Dynasty named

after Muhammad’s daughter after Muhammad’s daughter Fatima began across North Fatima began across North Africa and spread Arabia and Africa and spread Arabia and Syria.Syria.

Muslim Trade NetworkMuslim Trade Network Two seas linked the Muslim Empire together, theTwo seas linked the Muslim Empire together, the

MEDITERRANEANMEDITERRANEAN and the and the INDIAN OCEANINDIAN OCEAN Set up a money system called Set up a money system called

DinarDinar Muslim merchants set up banks in cities throughout the Muslim merchants set up banks in cities throughout the

Empire.Empire. Set up a check system where checks could be cashed in any Set up a check system where checks could be cashed in any

bank throughout the Empire, called bank throughout the Empire, called

SAKKSAKK Many non-Muslims adopted the Arabic language and Muslim Many non-Muslims adopted the Arabic language and Muslim

CUSTOMSCUSTOMS.. In Cairo, Cordoba Damascus and In Cairo, Cordoba Damascus and BAGHDADBAGHDAD, a cultural , a cultural

blending of people fueled a period of immense blending of people fueled a period of immense achievements in the arts and the sciences.achievements in the arts and the sciences.

LASTING EFFECTS OF ISLAMLASTING EFFECTS OF ISLAM Permanent Capital in Permanent Capital in BAGHDAD, BAGHDAD, IraqIraq Four Social ClassesFour Social Classes

Upper = Born Upper = Born MUSLIMMUSLIM

2nd Class = Converted to 2nd Class = Converted to MUSLIMMUSLIM

33rdrd Class = Class = Non-MuslimNon-Muslim, (protected people), (protected people) Included Christians and JewsIncluded Christians and Jews

44thth Class = Class = SLAVESSLAVES

LASTING EFFECTS OF ISLAMLASTING EFFECTS OF ISLAM1.1. Muslim ScholarshipMuslim Scholarship

The Prophet Muhammad emphasized learning The Prophet Muhammad emphasized learning and education. and education.

Much European knowledge and studies were Much European knowledge and studies were preserved in a library / museum in Baghdad preserved in a library / museum in Baghdad called the called the

House of WisdomHouse of Wisdom2.2. Arts and SciencesArts and Sciences

Medicine = a Persian scholar named Medicine = a Persian scholar named Al-RaziAl-Razi was one of the leading physicians who wrote a was one of the leading physicians who wrote a book on the prevention of smallpox called the book on the prevention of smallpox called the

Treatise on Small pox and MeaselsTreatise on Small pox and Measels Math = Math = Al- Khwarizimi,Al- Khwarizimi, wrote a book on the wrote a book on the

bringing together of unknowns to match a bringing together of unknowns to match a known quantity called “AL-JABR” orknown quantity called “AL-JABR” or

ALGEBRAALGEBRA Art and Archetecture = invention of beautiful Art and Archetecture = invention of beautiful

handwriting called handwriting called CALLIGRAPHYCALLIGRAPHY

The Greatest cultural blending of the Muslim The Greatest cultural blending of the Muslim world can be seen in its world can be seen in its

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE Mosques were a Blending of Roman Mosques were a Blending of Roman

Catholic, Byzantine, and Muslim worlds.Catholic, Byzantine, and Muslim worlds.