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1 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Conference Co-Chairs: Adir Even, Gali Naveh Local Organization Chair: Michal Levi-Bleich The Israel Association for Information Systems (ILAIS) was founded in 2005 as the Israeli chapter of the Association for Information Systems (AIS). The goal of ILAIS is to promote the exchange of ideas, experiences and knowledge among IS scholars and professionals engaged in IS development, management and use.

The Rise and Uncertainty of the Creative Class...However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. Following the 2008

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Page 1: The Rise and Uncertainty of the Creative Class...However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. Following the 2008

H o m e   ( h t t p s : //s t u d y b r e a k s . c o m ) ą C u l t u r e   ( h t t p s : //s t u d y b r e a k s . c o m / c a t e g o r y/ c u l t u r e / )

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T H E   R I S E   A N D   U N C E R TA I N T Y   O F   T H E   C R E AT I V E   C L A S S

D E V I N   R O S S ,   M I D D L E   T E N N E S S E E   S T A T E   U N I V E R S I T Y   ( H T T P S : // S T U D Y B R E A K S . C O M / A U T H O R / D E V I N - R O S S - M I D D L E - T E N N E S S E E - S T A T E -

U N I V E R S I T Y / ) ) F E B R U A R Y   1 5 ,   2 0 1 7

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Page 2: The Rise and Uncertainty of the Creative Class...However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. Following the 2008

The Next Industrial RevolutionIn an increasingly mechanized world, creativity has become the newcapital. But, according to social scientists, the economy may not yetbe ready for the coming paradigm shift. 

By Devin Ross, Middle Tennessee State University

In every industry, technology has revolutionized the way we do business.

It has not only fundamentally changed the way products are made, sold and

distributed, but also how companies compete, how they are managed and how they

interact with their customers. Perhaps the industries most affected by these changes

are those engaged in creating content, or “the creative industries.” These include all

industries related to fields such as advertising, architecture, design, fashion, film

music, publishing, television and I.T.

The people working in these fields comprise what American economist and social

scientist Richard Florida has dubbed the creative class

(http://www.creativeclass.com/), a group of upwardly mobile, Mac-toting young

professionals who are driving economic development into the tech-laden future.

The creative class now comprises about 25 percent of employed Americans—almost

forty million people. They have not only had a huge impact on the economy, but,

according to Florida’s theories, are fundamentally transforming culture, from how the

workplace is organized to how cities will function.

Page 3: The Rise and Uncertainty of the Creative Class...However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. Following the 2008

Much in the same way the bourgeoisie found values in its role as merchants, and the

feudal aristocracy derived its sense of identity from hereditary control of people and

land, the creative class finds its sense of self as purveyors of creativity.

In the preface to “The Rise of the Creative Class, Revisited,” Florida defines it as his:

“Attempt to explain the key forces that have been transforming our economy and

culture over the past several decades. Our world, it seemed to me, was changing as

dramatically as it had since the early days of the Industrial Revolution. It wasn’t just

the Internet, or the rise of new technologies, or even globalization that were

upending our jobs, lives, and communities, though all those things were important.

Beneath the surface, unnoticed by many, was something truly tectonic: the rise of

creativity as a fundamental economic force, and the rise of a new social class, the

Creative Class.”

According to Florida’s vision, the creative class will usher in a new era based on the

values of equity, diversity and individuality. Young creative types will flock to urban

centers and repurpose industrial zones as sustainable living communities, complete

with greenways and live-music venues. Being an artist, writer or “creative type” will

no longer mean being shunned by your family and being borderline unemployable; in

fact, your very employability will depend on it.

RICHARD FLORIDA ( IMAGE VIA TORONTO LIFE)

Page 4: The Rise and Uncertainty of the Creative Class...However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. Following the 2008

However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the

Creative Class” in 2002.

Following the 2008 financial crisis, inequality in advanced industrial nations has risen

to levels not seen since the 1920s. Combined with gentrification and populist

backlashes the world over, it appears that Florida’s creative utopia hasn’t completely

come to pass.

What’s worse is that the growth of the creative class has at least attributed to these

ills of society. While the growth of the creative sector is essential to a healthy

economy, it also threatens to exacerbate income disparities and higher housing costs

that wipe out economic gains made in other sectors.

Essentially the creative classes are moving into metro areas, gentrifying and raising

the prices of rent.

Or, as Florida puts it: “On close inspection, talent clustering provides little in the way

of trickle-down benefits…While less-skilled blue-collar and service workers also earn

more money in knowledge-based metros, those gains disappear once their higher

housing costs are taken into account.”

Lack of diversity and inclusion, combined with creative-class urban developments,

have also contributed to the segregation of major cities such as San Francisco and

New York City. In New York, blacks and Hispanics make up more

(../../../../Desktop/Crainsnewyork.com) than 50 percent of the city’s residents, but

hold only 20 percent of jobs in the tech sector.

Although this hardly lives up to Florida’s vision of “diversity, community and quality of

life,” it’s not only urban minorities that are feeling the pain of globalization.

As the creative class grows, the outsourcing and automation of traditional skills and

labor have left many blue-collar workers unemployed.

As a result, a wave of populism has spread across the United States and

Europe, leading to the election of Donald Trump and Brexit.

Page 5: The Rise and Uncertainty of the Creative Class...However, a lot has happened since Florida penned the first draft of “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. Following the 2008

Although Florida admits that he may have been a bit naïve in his vision of a creative

utopia, and that he may have failed to “anticipate how powerful the clustering force”

of urban development might be, he maintains that these are merely growing pains in

a transition to the new economic and social order. And, while they may be painful and

dangerous, they must be endured before the world can reap the benefits of a

creative, tech-driven global economy.

When discussing this crossroads, Florida espouses political scientist Ronald

Inglehart’s idea of “postmaterialsm,” a system of values that emphasizes self-

expression and quality of life over economic and physical security. He also

emphasizes mercantilism and the importance of forming “social compacts” with

government officials to ensure that prosperity is widely shared, but stresses that, as

often is the case throughout human history, this can’t be accomplished without

human agency and participation.

Today, nearly one half of the workforce in the advanced nations of North America,

Europe, Asia and around the world are considered part of the creative class, while 80

percent of the world is living in poverty.

The good news is that inequality doesn’t appear to be inextricably linked with the

growth of the creative sector; in fact, there appears to be no link at all.

According to findings based on the Gini Coefficient, countries such as Sweden,

Denmark and the Netherlands showed high levels of creativity and relatively low

levels of inequality, while countries such as the United States and the United

Kingdom showed high levels of creativity but much higher levels of inequality.

It’s up to that particular nation to choose if they want to carry along all the members

of the society along with them or leave certain demographics shut out of the

progress—to take the high road or the low road.

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