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This document was developed to guide the reader through the specific
application of the Rick Hansen Foundation Accessibility CertificationTM (RHFAC)
Program. This is not intended to be a design manual. Guidance on how to rate a
specific site or building is not included in this document.
For more information about the RHFAC Program and RHFAC Accessibility Assessor
training, please contact us at [email protected] or visit
www.rickhansen.com/rhfac.
COPYRIGHT
©2018 by The Rick Hansen Foundation. All rights reserved.
DISCLAIMER
None of the parties involved in the funding or creation of the Rick Hansen
Foundation Accessibility CertificationTM (“RHFAC”) Program, including the Rick
Hansen Foundation, its affiliates, members, employees or contractors, assume
any liability or responsibility to the user of this handbook or any third parties for
the accuracy, completeness, or use of or reliance on any information contained in
the RHFAC Program, or for any costs, expenses, injuries, losses or damages
(including, without limitation, equitable relief) arising from the use of any
materials for the RHFAC Program.
New construction,site alterations, repairs and demolitions in all jurisdictions are
or may be subject to federal, provincial, municipal and local statutes, codes,
ordinances, decrees, rules, regulations, bylaws, policies, requirements, standards
and guidelines in their governing jurisdiction (“Building Laws”). These Building
Laws may even include building codes, standards or requirements that are
specific to accessibility by persons with disabilities. These Building Laws vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may change over time. The user is advised that the
ratings, certification levels, recommendations and build specifications used or
included in the RHFAC Program are functional recommendations, not represented
or guaranteed to meet, comply with or be consistent with the requirements of
any Building Laws at any time in force or effect in any jurisdiction. It is the sole
Page 2
responsibility of the party undertaking any construction to consult with
knowledgeable consultants (including code consultants) and applicable
authorities having jurisdiction in the governing jurisdictions, to confirm that the
recommendations and specifications of the RHFAC Program intended to be used
comply with Building Laws so that any build, renovation and demolition
undertaken is in compliance with the Building Laws. The user acknowledges that it
is aware that it may be required to amend or adapt the recommendations and
specifications of the RHFAC Program to ensure compliance with Building Laws.
As a condition of use, the user hereby waives the user’s right of any and all claims,
demands and causes of action against the Rick Hansen Foundation, its affiliates,
members, employees or contractors (the “RHF Personnel”), and further releases
the RHF Personnel of any and all claims, demands and causes of action, for any
costs, expenses, injuries, losses or damages (including, without limitation,
equitable relief) that the user may now or hereafter have against the RHF
Personnel by reason of or arising out of the use of, or reliance on, any materials
for the RHFAC Program.
Page 3
PERMISSIONS
Canadian Standards Association With the permission of Canadian Standards Association (CSA), material is reproduced from CSA standard, B651-12 - Accessible design for the built environment, which is copyrighted by CSA, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON, M9W 1R3. This material is not the complete and official position of CSA on the referenced subject, which is represented solely by the standard in its entirety. While use of the material has been authorized, CSA is not responsible for the manner in which the data is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. No further reproduction is permitted. For more information or to purchase standards from CSA, please visit http://shop.csa.ca/ or call 1-800-463-6727.
TRADEMARK
Rick Hansen Foundation Accessibility Certification™ is a registered trademark of
the Rick Hansen Foundation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Rick Hansen Foundation gratefully acknowledges the following individuals
who have contributed to the development of this document.
The Rick Hansen Foundation
Brad McCannell, Vice President, Access and Inclusion
Jenny Blome, Manager, Accessibility Services
Patricia Short, P. Eng., MBA, PID, Course Designer and Developer, RHFAC
Accessibility Assessor Training (Consultant)
The Rick Hansen Foundation gratefully acknowledges the support of the RHFAC
Advisory Committee.
Table of Contents Page 4
Rick Hansen Foundation
Accessibility Certification™ (RHFAC)
Professional Handbook
1 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 9
Program Highlights .............................................................................................. 11
What is an RHFAC rating? ................................................................................. 11
Program Focus .................................................................................................. 11
Who would benefit from an RHFAC rating? ...................................................... 11
Certification Requirement ................................................................................ 12
Certification ...................................................................................................... 12
Rating and Certification Process Summary ....................................................... 13
Main Process Participants and Roles .............................................................. 13
Documents, Systems and Tools ..................................................................... 14
RHFAC Rating and Certification Process Steps ............................................... 15
RHFAC Registry Rating System Inputs and Outputs ........................................ 15
Project Task Checklist ....................................................................................... 16
Conduct a Site and/or a Plan Review ............................................................. 16
Complete the RHFAC Rating .......................................................................... 17
Submit RHFAC Rating Survey to Online RHFAC Registry for Adjudication ...... 17
Fees .................................................................................................................. 17
Certification Validity ......................................................................................... 18
Rating Survey Overview ....................................................................................... 19
Table of Contents Page 5
Categories, Elements and Features ................................................................... 19
Scorecard .......................................................................................................... 21
List of Categories and Elements ........................................................................ 23
The Rating Survey ................................................................................................ 25
Overview .......................................................................................................... 25
Using the Rating Criteria ................................................................................... 26
How to Assign Points to a Feature: an Example ................................................ 27
Fundamental Requirements ............................................................................. 30
Space and Clearance ...................................................................................... 30
Slope and Level Change ................................................................................. 40
Surfaces ......................................................................................................... 42
Visual Contrast ............................................................................................... 46
Illumination and Lighting ............................................................................... 47
Handrails........................................................................................................ 51
Standard Sizes ................................................................................................ 54
1 Vehicular Access ............................................................................................ 55
1.1 Parking..................................................................................................... 56
1.2 General Vehicular Access ......................................................................... 64
1.3 Ideas for Innovation ................................................................................. 67
2 Exterior Approach and Entrance .................................................................... 69
2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site ..................................................... 70
2.2 Exterior Ramps ........................................................................................ 79
2.3 Exterior Stairs .......................................................................................... 83
2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance .................................. 89
2.5 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 100
3 Interior Circulation ....................................................................................... 102
Table of Contents Page 6
3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary Facilities) ............. 103
3.2 Path of Travel ........................................................................................ 117
3.3 Corridors and Hallways .......................................................................... 120
3.4 Interior Ramps ....................................................................................... 124
3.5 Elevators ................................................................................................ 127
3.6 Interior Stairs ......................................................................................... 135
3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways .......................................................... 142
3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts ............................................................................ 143
3.9 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 146
4 Interior Services and Environment ............................................................... 148
4.1 Lobby and Reception Area ..................................................................... 149
4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters .................................................. 152
4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and Lounges .............. 155
4.4 Kitchen .................................................................................................. 158
4.5 Acoustic Considerations ........................................................................ 161
4.6 Illumination ........................................................................................... 162
4.7 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 164
5 Sanitary Facilities ......................................................................................... 166
5.1 Washrooms ........................................................................................... 167
5.2 Showers ................................................................................................. 183
5.3 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 189
6 Signage, Wayfinding and Communications .................................................. 191
6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding ........................................................... 192
6.2 Room Signage ........................................................................................ 198
6.3 Directory Board and Information Kiosk .................................................. 200
6.4 Communications .................................................................................... 202
Table of Contents Page 7
6.5 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 204
7 Emergency Systems ..................................................................................... 205
7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges ........................................................................ 206
7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment ....................................................... 208
7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions ................................................................... 209
7.4 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 211
8 Additional Use of Space ............................................................................... 212
8.1 Workstations ......................................................................................... 213
8.2 Public Assembly ..................................................................................... 214
8.3 Exhibit Space ......................................................................................... 218
8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation .............................................. 219
8.5 Outdoor Recreation ............................................................................... 224
8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars ........................................................... 224
8.7 Retail Outlets ......................................................................................... 228
8.8 Playgrounds ........................................................................................... 231
8.9 Fitness Centre ........................................................................................ 233
8.10 Pool .................................................................................................... 234
8.11 Change Room ..................................................................................... 237
8.12 Mail Service ........................................................................................ 239
8.13 Laundry Room .................................................................................... 241
8.14 Storage Facilities ................................................................................. 243
8.15 Viewpoints .......................................................................................... 244
8.16 Visitor Centre and Information Kiosk .................................................. 247
8.17 Picnic Areas ........................................................................................ 249
8.18 Ideas for Innovation............................................................................ 251
9 Residential Units .......................................................................................... 252
Table of Contents Page 8
9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems ............................................................ 252
9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance, Entrance to Outdoor
Spaces ............................................................................................................. 253
9.3 Unit Interior Doors................................................................................. 257
9.4 Unit Kitchen ........................................................................................... 259
9.5 Unit Hallways ......................................................................................... 263
9.6 Unit Interior Stairs ................................................................................. 264
9.7 Unit Bedrooms and Closets ................................................................... 268
9.8 Unit Toilet Room.................................................................................... 268
9.9 Unit Showers and Bathtubs ................................................................... 274
9.10 Unit Laundry ....................................................................................... 276
9.11 Unit General Requirements ................................................................ 278
9.12 Ideas for Innovation............................................................................ 279
10 Trails and Pathways .................................................................................. 280
10.1 Trails and Pathway Features ............................................................... 280
10.2 Trails and Pathways Exterior Ramp ..................................................... 286
10.3 Trail and Pathway Exterior Stairs ........................................................ 289
10.4 Trail and Pathway Wayfinding and Signage ........................................ 294
10.5 Ideas for Innovation............................................................................ 298
Technical Language Glossary ............................................................................. 299
References ......................................................................................................... 312
Introduction Page 9
Introduction
The RHFAC Professional Handbook (“Handbook”) is an essential resource for
RHFAC Professionals. It is meant to assist practitioners in navigating the Rick
Hansen Accessibility Certification™ (RHFAC) Program and to act as a supplement
to the RHFAC Rating Survey (“Rating Survey”).
The Handbook provides detailed guidance for applying the Rating Survey based
on Universal Design considerations. However, it is not intended to be a design
manual. While the Handbook cannot begin to offer a solution for every situation,
it can help an assessor to determine a rating based on typical scenarios.
It includes:
Program Highlights. This includes a summary of key information that will
help assessors navigate the program.
Rating Survey Overview. This provides an overview of the structure,
organization and content of the Rating Survey.
The Rating Survey. This provides detailed guidelines and requirements for
applying the rating system to a site and helps assessors determine a rating
score on a feature-by-feature basis. It also includes a separate section that
explains many of the fundamental or core access requirements that apply
throughout the Rating Survey.
Technical Language Glossary. This section provides a list of key terms and
definitions.
In addition to this Handbook, other related RHFAC resources are as follows:
RHFAC Accessibility Assessor Training Student Guide. This is provided to
students as a textbook for the “RHFAC Accessibility Assessor Training
course”.
Introduction Page 10
RHFAC Guide to Certification. This document is intended for program
participants, such as site owners or facility managers, who are interested in
obtaining a rating for a facility or site. It walks them through the
certification process from start to finish — from determining an
appropriate site or facility and engaging a qualified assessor, to interpreting
the results via the RHFAC Registry hosted by CSA Group.
RHFAC Professional Designation Guide. This document explains the
specific process and requirements for becoming an RHFAC Professional.
Program Highlights Page 11
Program Highlights
What is an RHFAC rating?
An RHFAC rating is a measure of accessibility. It provides a snapshot of the real or
“meaningful” level of accessibility of a site based on an aggregate score. It goes
beyond compliance with site ode and adherence to standards or guidelines and
encourages Universal Design.
Program Focus
The RHFAC focuses on ratings of the built environment and includes the following
areas:
Public Facilities
Commercial and Retail Spaces
Multi-Unit Residential Sites
Recreational Spaces
Trails and Pathways
Related infrastructure (streetscapes, bridges and marine access) will be covered in
future releases of the rating system.
Areas that are currently beyond the scope of the program include single-family
homes and residential camps.
Who would benefit from an RHFAC rating?
An owner, a manager or a tenant of the site who:
Is engaged in a design and construction project: new construction, major
retrofits or conversions, or upgrades of existing facilities.
Is motivated to improve the accessibility of the site.
Wishes to publicly demonstrate their commitment to accessibility.
Wishes to establish a benchmark level of accessibility.
Program Highlights Page 12
Certification Requirement
In order for a site to be eligible for a rating and certification, it must have a
public entrance and all key functional spaces and amenities must be physically
accessible for everyone.This is mandatory for certification. Moreover, if access is
not provided, it could be viewed as a Human Rights issue.
An RHFAC rating may include elements that are not within the control of the
owner, manager or tenant. For example, a rating for a tenanted space in a mall
would include the closest accessible entrance to the space and route to the
entrance, and closest accessible washrooms to the space and route to the
washrooms. Also, if parking is owned and operated by the municipality, it would
not be included in the rating. However, the rating could still reflect the general
level of access available from transit or vehicular drop-offs. This information
should be noted in the scope of rating.
Certification
RHFAC offers two levels of certification: RHF Accessibility Certified Gold and RHF
Accessibility Certified. The rating score — the total earned score divided by the
total available score and then expressed as a percentage — determines the
certification level.
Ratings can be performed for either existing or proposed facilities. Proposed
facilities are rated during the design phase (prior to construction) and may be
granted pre-construction approval.
Rating Score Certification Level
80%+ RHF Accessibility Certified Gold
Site follows best practices in meaningful access and has
achieved at least 80% on the RHFAC Rating Survey.
60%–79% RHF Accessibility Certified
Program Highlights Page 13
Site follows best practices in meaningful access and has
achieved at least 60% on the RHFAC Rating Survey.
Below 60% Site does not meet RHFAC requirements for
certification.
Rating and Certification Process Summary
Main Process Participants and Roles
Numerous participants are involved in the RHFAC rating and certification process.
The following is a list of key participants and their respective roles.
Participant Role
Adjudicator An RHFAC-approved adjudicator who conducts a
technical review of the rating submission on the RHFAC
Registry. The adjudicator must approve a rating for the
program participant before they can receive the results
in a rating scorecard.
Assessor The individual who conducts a rating and submits the
results to the RHFAC Registry. Only RHFAC Professionals
are qualified to conduct RHFAC ratings.
Company Primary
Contact (CPC)
The person who is appointed to act on behalf of the
company or organization and who is responsible for
managing activities related to the RHFAC Registry. The
CPC is granted edit permissions in the system, which
allows them to update organization information, to
add/edit/delete users, and to create projects.
CSA (Canadian
Standards
Association) Group
CSA Group hosts the RHFAC Registry. They provide
registration services to help ensure that RHFAC operates
independently while providing transparency to the
public and ensuring accuracy and completeness of
information that is critical to the program’s success. CSA
Group does not perform a technical review. CSA Group
Program Highlights Page 14
Participant Role
also facilitates administration of the RHFAC Professional
Exam.
Project Primary
Contact (PPC)
The person at the company or organization who is
responsible for managing activities related to a specific
rating project. Any existing Registry system user may
create a project.
Rick Hansen
Foundation (RHF)
Develops and manages the RHFAC Program.
Site owner, manager
or tenant
The owner, manager or tenant of a site that is being
rated.
Documents, Systems and Tools
The following is a list of the documents, systems and tools that support rating and
certification.
Name Description
Rating Survey (document) A resource intended for assessors that
contains the criteria used to assess a site or
facility.
RHFAC Professional Handbook
(document)
A resource intended for assessors that
provides detailed guidance for using the
Rating Survey and applying the appropriate
points.
Ratings Workbook (Excel tool) An Excel spreadsheet used to capture and
analyze initial assessment data.
RHFAC Registry hosted by CSA
Group
https://rhfac.csaregistries.ca/
Online system, hosted by CSA Group, which
manages all certification processes.
Program Highlights Page 15
RHFAC Rating and Certification Process Steps
Below is a list of the key steps that an assessor follows to obtain a rating and
certification for a site. Details regarding the process are available in the Student
Guide.
1. Initiate the rating project
2. Ask the site owner to appoint a Company Primary Contact (CPC)
3. Ask the CPC to register the organization on the online RHFAC Registry
4. Ask the Project Primary Contact (PPC) to register the project for the
organization
5. Conduct a site and/or a plan review
6. Complete the RHFAC rating workbook
7. Submit the RHFAC Rating Survey to the online RHFAC Registry for
adjudication
8. Receive feedback from the RHFAC-approved adjudicator
9. Receive CSA (independent third-party) validation
10. Client obtains certification result
RHFAC Registry Rating System Inputs and Outputs
When an assessor completes a rating of a site, they enter the following
information to the RHFAC Registry:
Individual scores for all relevant features
Supporting comments/rationale
Supporting photos
Key areas (success and improvement)
Once a rating has been approved by the adjudicator and CSA Group, the system
generates the following documents:
Scorecard
Letter of certification
Program Highlights Page 16
Project Task Checklist
The following is a checklist of the key tasks that an assessor typically performs
once a project has been approved. They pertain to steps 5, 6 and 7 of the
“RHFAC Rating and Certification Process Steps” listed above.
Conduct a Site and/or a Plan Review
Conduct the following preliminary activities, prior to the site review:
Ensure the organization and project are registered on the RHFAC Registry
Confirm the project information recorded on the Registry is correct (site
information, assessor, etc.)
Confirm site rating date and arrangements
Confirm the scope of the rating
Obtain copies of drawings/site plans (if available)
Determine background information about the site
Obtain information from the site operator regarding specific features that
are difficult to observe
Locate/review applicable site code, standards or guidelines
Organize survey tools
Organize safety gear
Confirm on-site safety requirements
Conduct the following activities on-site:
Assess end-users
Look for innovations
Take photos or videos
Take measurements, record preliminary scores, record comments
Note: Variation of the process for drawing review for pre-construction approval.
Instead of photos or videos, the assessor will provide electronic versions of the
drawings.
Program Highlights Page 17
Complete the RHFAC Rating
Once you have completed gathering all your data from the site review, conduct
the following activities:
Enter the data into the Ratings Workbook (Excel spreadsheet):
o Ensure all rating scores are added for each relevant feature
o Ensure comments/rationale are clear
o Ensure all non-mandatory categories, elements or features that are
not applicable have been removed
Label photos clearly, and group them by category and/or element
Submit RHFAC Rating Survey to Online RHFAC Registry for Adjudication
Once you are satisfied with the rating information and results, enter all your data
into the Registry:
Enter rating scores and comments
Upload photos
Complete Key Areas (Success and Improvement)
Fees
The site owner or manager is charged three separate fees for certification: an
application fee, which is mandatory, assessor fee, and a labelling fee, which is
optional. Certification fees do not include the assessor fee.
1. Application fee (required): This fee is paid to initiate the certification process
on the RHFAC Registry. It includes the operation of the Registry, adjudicator
review, confirmation of certification rating and online Registry posting (as
preferred, which will enable them to publicly post their rating), and a
complimentary electronic label (if applicable).
2. Assessor fee (required): This is the cost of conducting the rating and creating
the report for the Registry. This is not included in the application fee. The
agreement regarding assessor fees is strictly between the assessor and their
client. The Rick Hansen Foundation has no involvement in this area.
Program Highlights Page 18
Accordingly, it is the responsibility of the assessor to negotiate a rate with
their client and invoice them separately.
Labelling fee (optional): After listing publicly, site owners will be provided the
option to order plaques and window stickers at an additional cost.
Please see www.rickhansen.com/RHFAC for the fee schedule.
Certification Validity
The certification is valid for five years from the date of the adjudication. To
maintain certification within the five-year period, organizations must complete a
short mid-term questionnaire to confirm they have not made any changes that
may affect a site’s accessibility or certification level since it was last rated. All
substantial changes to a site must be declared to RHF. Any declared changes may
be further investigated by RHFAC Professionals and/or RHFAC-approved
adjudicators to determine if the site will continue to meet certification levels. RHF
reserves the right to withdraw certification at its own discretion.
Upon expiry of the RHFAC certification, organizations must reapply to become
RHFAC certified. This process includes having an RHFAC Professional re-rate the
organization’s site and an RHFAC-approved adjudicator confirm that the rating
meets the latest certification level.
Rating Survey Overview Page 19
Rating Survey Overview
Categories, Elements and Features
As shown in the following diagram, the Rating Survey is based on a hierarchical
relationship between categories, elements and features, each of which is defined
below.
Category: Vehicular Access
Building Element:Parking
Features & Maximum Points: Number of designated spaces (5 points) Dimensions of Designated Spaces (5 points) Surface is level, stable, firm, slip-resistant (5 points) Clear signage (3 points) Safe and direct access to pedestrian pathway (3 points) Curb ramps (if level change) (5 points) Clearly marked pedestrian route and crossings (3 points) Height clearance (4 points) Well-illuminated (3 points) Shelter for designated spaces (2 points) Ticket dispensers/paying machines convenient/accessible (4 points)
Figure 1: Hierarchy of Rating Survey components
Category
The Rating Survey is organized into 10 categories. Categories are simply the key
areas or systems that directly impact a site’s level of meaningful access.
Element
Each category contains a series of related key elements, which are the main areas
of assessment for the category.
Rating Survey Overview Page 20
Figure 2: Example of a category and its elements (from Ratings Workbook)
Feature
Each element contains a series of individual features that directly contribute to
the overall accessibility of the related element. For example, “level, stable, firm
and slip resistant” and “clear signage” are two important features that greatly
influence a parking area’s level of accessibility.
An assessor will evaluate each relevant feature in terms of its level of access and
assign it a point value or “earned score”, ranging from zero (0) to the maximum
number of “available” points for that feature, based on a standardized point
system. Features and elements that are deemed more important are designated
with more available points.
Exception: General Vehicular Access — up to 10 points may be awarded to the
“Passenger Drop-off” and “Public Transit” features.
Ideas for Innovation:
This is a catch-all area that allows an assessor to award additional points or
“bonus points” for innovative features identified for a particular element. It
recognizes ongoing innovation within the broad area of Universal Design.
As points for innovation are considered bonus points, they are only
included in the earned points total. They are not added to the total
Categories and Elements Earned Available Max Points
1.0 Vehicular Access 21 34 62
1.1 Parking 21 34 42
1.2 General Vehicular Access 0 0 20
Innovation 0
2.0 Exterior Area and Approach 82 114 161
2.1 Exterior Pathways 26 32 45
2.2 Exterior Ramps 0 0 30
2.3 Exterior Stairs 24 38 42
2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance 32 44 44
Innovation 0
Category
Elements
Rating Survey Overview Page 21
available points. Thus, this is a quick and effective way for an assessor to
help a site increase the value of their overall rating.
Figure 3: Example of features (from Ratings Workbook)
Scorecard The scorecard displays the final results of the rating and is automatically
generated by the system (both the Rating Workbook and CSA Registry generate a
scorecard). It displays:
An overall score for each element, based on the sum of all individual
feature scores
An overall score for each category, based on the sum of all element scores.
The final rating score and level of certification, based on the sum of all
category scores
Total
Points
Total
Avail.
1. Vehicular Access 34 54
Total required for each level 32 43
Note: For any categories/elements that are not applicable, change available points total to "0" for all relevant elements.
AC ACG
20 27
1.1 Parking Score 21 34 41
Earned Avai l . Max.
1.1.1 Number of designated spaces 5 5 5 Mandatory
1.1.2 Dimensions of designated spaces for expected vehicles 5 5 5 Mandatory
1.1.3 Surface is level, stable, firm and slip resistant 5 5 5 Mandatory
1.1.4 Clear signage 3 3 3 Mandatory
1.1.5 Safe and direct access to pedestrian pathway 0 3 3 Mandatory
1.1.6Curb ramps (if level change en route to exterior
pathway)3 5 5 Applicable or N/A
1.1.7Clearly marked pedestrian route and crossings (if in path
of traffic)0 3 3 Applicable or N/A
1.1.8 Height clearance (if sheltered or parkade) 0 4 Applicable or N/A
1.1.9 Well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 0 3 3 Applicable or N/A
1.1.10 Shelter for designated spaces (if outdoor parking) 0 2 2 Applicable or N/A
1.1.11Ticket dispensers or paying machines convenient and
accessible (if paid parking) 0 3 Applicable or N/A
Features
Rating Survey Overview Page 22
The system performs the following calculations and rolls up the totals by element,
category and site:
Rating score = total “earned” points (including points for innovation)
Required total points for each certification level
= (total “available” points) x (weighting factors),
where weighting factors are 0.60 for AC and 0.80 for ACG
Figure 4: Example of a scorecard (from Ratings Workbook)
Rating ScorecardFinal Rating Score 66% RHF Accessibility Certified
Accessibility Certified (AC), Accessibility Certified Gold (ACG) AC ACG
Final Rating Score Required 60% 80%
Total Earned Points Required 424 565
Total Points 469 706 1795
Categories and Elements Earned Available Max. Points
1.0 Vehicular Access 34 54 61
1.1 Parking 21 34 41
1.2 General Vehicular Access 13 20 20
1.I Innovation 0
2.0 Exterior Approach and Entrance 106 137 188
2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site 37 45 45
2.2 Exterior Ramps 0 0 34
2.3 Exterior Stairs 28 38 42
2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance 41 54 67
2.I Innovation 0
3.0 Interior Circulation 109 170 276
3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary Facilities) 31 40 59
3.2 Path of Travel 17 19 19
3.3 Corridors and Hallways 18 19 26
3.4 Interior Ramps 0 0 33
3.5 Elevators 43 55 58
3.6 Interior Stairs 0 37 37
3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways 0 0 12
3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts 0 0 32
3.I Innovation 0
4.0 Interior Services and Environment 69 88 134
Rating Survey Overview Page 23
List of Categories and Elements
The table below provides a list of all rating system categories and related
elements.
Category Elements
1. Vehicular Access 1.1 Parking
1.2 General Vehicular Access
2. Exterior Approach
and Entrance
2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site
2.2 Exterior Ramps
2.3 Exterior Stairs
2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance
3. Interior
Circulation
3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary
Facilities)
3.2 Path of Travel
3.3 Corridors and Hallways
3.4 Interior Ramps
3.5 Elevators
3.6 Interior Stairs
3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways
3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts
4. Interior Services
and Environment
4.1 Lobby and Reception Area
4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters
4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and
Lounges
4.4 Kitchen
4.5 Acoustic Considerations
4.6 Illumination
5. Sanitary Facilities 5.1 Washrooms
5.2 Showers
6. Signage,
Wayfinding and
Communications
6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding
6.2 Room Signage
6.3 Directory Board and Information Kiosk
6.4 Communications
Rating Survey Overview Page 24
Category Elements
7. Emergency
Systems
7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges
7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment
7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions
8. Additional Use of
Space
8.1 Workstations
8.2 Public Assembly
8.3 Exhibit Space
8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation
8.5 Outdoor Recreation
8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars
8.7 Retail Outlets
8.8 Playgrounds
8.9 Fitness Centre
8.10 Pool
8.11 Change Room
8.12 Mail Service
8.13 Laundry Room
8.14 Storage Facilities
8.15 Viewpoints
8.16 Visitor Centre and Information Kiosk
8.17 Picnic Areas
9. Residential Units 9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems
9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance,
Entrance to Outdoor Spaces
9.3 Unit Interior Doors
9.4 Unit Kitchen
9.5 Unit Hallways
9.6 Unit Interior Stairs
9.7 Unit Bedrooms and Closets
9.8 Unit Toilet Room
9.9 Unit Showers and Bathtubs
9.10 Unit Laundry
Rating Survey Overview Page 25
Category Elements
9.11 Unit General Requirements
10. Trails and
Pathways
10.1 Trail/Pathway Features
10.2 Trail/Pathway Exterior Ramp
10.3 Trail/Pathway Exterior Stairs
10.4 Trail/Pathway Wayfinding and Signage
The Rating Survey
Overview This section provides detailed guidelines for applying the Rating Survey to a site
and helps assessors determine a rating score on a feature-by-feature basis. It
begins with a discussion about fundamental requirements, followed by key
information and criteria related to each Rating Survey category.
Fundamental Requirements
The Fundamental Requirements subsection consolidates and explains many of the
fundamental or core access features and requirements that apply throughout the
Rating Survey. It provides a single source of information for assessors. Thus,
whenever these core features or requirements appear in the Rating Survey,
assessors are instructed to refer to this section.
Rating Survey Categories
The remaining subsections (Vehicular Access, Exterior Approach and Entrance,
etc.) correspond to the specific categories of the Rating Survey itself, including the
elements and features. They are meant as a supplement to the Rating Survey to
provide scope, context and criteria and to guide assessors as they assign points to
a site and determine a rating. Each category subsection includes the following
information:
The Rating Survey Page 26
A summary table that lists each of the elements pertaining to the category,
along with the corresponding maximum available scores.
An overall description of the category as well as its related elements. This is
intended to provide context and to help define the scope for a rating.
A table corresponding to each element, including a list of all of its related
features. For each feature, the table indicates the maximum available
points (Max. Points column), whether the feature is mandatory (indicated
by a check mark), and a list of relevant rating criteria.
Using the Rating Criteria The rating criteria provide assessors with a list of specific characteristics to look
for when assigning points to a feature.
IMPORTANT: It is not expected that all of the items on the list will apply to every
situation — there is no one-to-one correlation between the earned points and the
list of requirements. It is not a checklist! The assessor is responsible for applying
their own judgement, based on the unique characteristics of the site, together
with the criteria outlined in this handbook and relevant Universal Design
standards. The ultimate goal is to determine the level of meaningful access based
on the nature of the site and who is using it.
Rating criteria are grouped as follows:
Minimum requirements Indicators or characteristics of a basic level of
accessibility for a feature.
For a feature to earn points, some, but not all,
must be present.
Maximum points Indicators or characteristics of a high level of
accessibility or meaningful access for a feature.
For a feature to earn maximum points, some, but
not all, need to be present.
Minimum/maximum
requirements
Indicators or characteristics of accessibility that
have an equivalent impact.
The Rating Survey Page 27
For a feature to earn points, some, but not all,
must be present.
How to Assign Points to a Feature: an Example
The example provided below illustrates how to use the handbook criteria to
assign points to a feature.
The Scenario:
You have been asked to rate two community centres, Centre A and Centre B,
which are located in different parts of the city. The older of the two facilities,
Centre A, is located in the downtown core, while Centre B, the younger facility, is
located in a new suburb that was built within the past 10 years.
Many of the people who use Centre A have been going there for a number of
years, and they come from all over the city. While these include some young
families, the majority of people are over 50, as the centre offers some excellent
seniors’ programs.
Centre B caters to local residents, who are primarily young families with children.
Often, the grandparents will accompany the children to their activities.
The parking facilities for both community centres are virtually identical, as the
parking lot at Centre A was recently upgraded to meet CSA standards. Both have
an outdoor lot that will accommodate up to 100 vehicles, including four
designated wide parking spaces and eight limited mobility parking spaces.
During busy times, however, the demand for accessible parking at Centre A often
exceeds the number of designated spots available. But, parking is usually available
in the limited mobility spots. There is some street parking available too, but no
spaces are designated.
The Rating Survey Page 28
While designated spaces are sometimes in short supply at Community Centre B,
people are able to find appropriate parking most of the time.
Based on the above scenario, how many points would you assign to each site for
the “Number of Designated Spaces” feature of the “Parking” element? Please
provide your rationale.
Recommended score and rationale:
Community Centre A Community Centre B
The parking lot meets minimum
requirements only.
Score: 3 out of 5 points
The parking lot meets the needs
of its users (provides meaningful
access) most of the time.
Score: 4 out of 5 points
Rationale:
The number of spaces provided is in
accordance with CSA standards (a
parking lot with 100 spaces requires 2-4
designated wide parking spaces and 4-8
limited mobility parking spaces).
But, this is often insufficient to meet the
needs of the users. During busy times,
there are not enough designated parking
spaces to meet the demand.
Rationale:
The number of spaces provided is
in accordance with CSA standards.
And, most of the time this meets
the needs of the users.
Key Points
While this scenario helps assessors understand how to assign points to a feature,
it also illustrates the important concept of meaningful access: given the same
feature, what constitutes meaningful access at one facility (Centre B) only
represents minimum requirements at another (Centre A). When rating a site,
assessors must always focus on whether the site provides meaningful access to
the people who are using the facility. Remember, we are not the code police. You
The Rating Survey Page 29
are identifying the overall level of accessibility for the expected user group — not
simply reporting on code minimum compliance.
The Rating Survey Page 30
Fundamental Requirements There are some features or key measures of accessibility that are fundamental to
accessibility, and as such, they are common across multiple categories in the
Rating Survey. These have been consolidated in the sections below to provide a
single source of information about these features and to eliminate repetition.
Space and Clearance
Turning Space (Radius)
People using wheeled mobility devices rely on ample turning space to navigate
their environment. This is the minimum floor space required for performing a
complete 360-degree turn. The term radius is used, as turning space is based on a
pivot point. However, the turning space actually equates to the diameter.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.1 Area allowances, p. 9-11, for additional details.
Figure 5: Minimum turning radius for a manual wheelchair (measurements in mm)
MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS FOR A
MANUAL WHEELCHAIR
1500 MINIMUM
The Rating Survey Page 31
Figure 6: Minimum turning radius for a power wheelchair (measurements in mm)
Figure 7: Minimum turning radius for a large scooter (measurements in mm)
MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS FOR A
POWER WHEELCHAIR
2250 MINIMUM
MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS FOR A
LARGE SCOOTER
3150 MINIMUM
The Rating Survey Page 32
Clear Width
While site code requires a barrier-free path of travel to have a clear width of at
least 920 mm and doorways along a barrier-free path of travel to have a minimum
clear width of 800 mm clear width, this is minimal. People using wheeled mobility
devices, service animals or crutches must be able to easily pass through doorways
and navigate along pathways often require more space to navigate comfortably.
Typical clear width (crutches):
To accommodate the wide angle of a pair of crutches, a minimum clear
width of 900 to 950 mm is recommended.
Figure 8: Typical clear width for a person using crutches (measurements in mm)
Typical clear width (service animal):
The Rating Survey Page 33
To accommodate a person using a wheeled mobility device who is
accompanied by a service animal, a minimum clear width of 1,200 mm is
recommended.
Figure 9: Typical clear width for a person using a wheeled mobility device and accompanied by a service animal (measurements in mm)
Forward and Lateral Reach
People using wheeled mobility devices must be able to reach both forward and
laterally (sideways) from a seated position to access controls, handles, objects,
etc. Here are some guidelines for assessing reach:
The Rating Survey Page 34
Forward reach without obstruction:
Where there is no obstruction present, a person in a wheelchair can
typically reach forward through a vertical range of 400 mm AFF (low
forward reach) to 1,200 mm AFF (high forward reach). [Note: AFF = above
the finished floor.]
Figure 10: Forward reach without obstruction (measurements in mm)
Lateral (side) reach without an obstruction:
Where there is no obstruction present, a person in a wheelchair typically
has a lateral (sideways) reach through a vertical range of 250 mm AFF
(minimum) to 1,200 mm AFF (maximum).
1200
MAX
400
MIN
FORWARD REACH WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
The Rating Survey Page 35
Figure 11: Side reach without obstruction (measurements in mm)
Forward reach over an obstruction (obstructed high forward reach):
The maximum forward reach depth over an obstruction is 600 mm (touch
reach). To allow someone to comfortably reach over an obstruction, clear
knee space below must be provided. To enable maximum reach, the
horizontal knee space should be at least equal to the required reach depth
over the obstruction. The greater the knee space, the greater the reach
depth.
Note: to provide adequate vertical knee space, the recommended height of
a counter or table is 865 mm AFF. Please refer to the “Counter Clearances”
section below.
The maximum forward reach height over an obstruction is 1100 mm AFF.
The Rating Survey Page 36
Figure 12: Forward reach over obstruction (measurements in mm)
Lateral reach over an obstruction:
The maximum lateral reach depth over an obstruction is 600 mm (touch
reach)
The height of an obstruction should be no greater than 860 mm AFF.
Exception: washing machines and dryers may be 915 mm AFF.
The maximum lateral reach height over an obstruction is 1,200 mm AFF.
SIDE REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION
600 MAX
TOUCH REACH500 MAX
GRASP REACH
1200
MAX860
MAX
1100
MAX
600 MAX
TOUCH REACH500 MAX
GRASP REACH
FORWARD REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION
The Rating Survey Page 37
Figure 13: Side reach with obstruction (measurements in mm)
Counter clearances:
The recommended counter height for a person seated in a wheelchair is
865 mm AFF. This provides adequate vertical knee space, as well as
clearance for wheelchair armrests, which are typically placed at a height of
760 mm.
The recommended dimensions for clear floor space are 760-800 mm
(minimum) length x 1200 mm depth, including 480 mm depth for knee
space under the counter.
Figure 14: Seating at tables and counters – front access (measurements in mm)
The Rating Survey Page 38
Clearance from Protruding Objects
People who are blind or have low vision often use walls to provide wayfinding
clues, and they rely on consistency when navigating the built environment.
Objects mounted on walls, columns, or other features along a circulation path
represent potential hazards. When conducting a rating, an assessor must be
aware of whether items along a hallway or pathway are cane detectable. The
following are the key criteria:
Overhead (vertical) clearance above a path of travel: objects must be placed at
least 2,050 mm above a floor or surface.
Horizontal projection into a path of travel: objects may not project into the
path of travel by more than 100 mm.
Position of lower edge of obstruction: the lower edge of an object cannot be
higher than 680 mm above a floor or surface.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.4 Protrusion hazards, p. 26-28, for additional details.
Figure 15: Dimensions of limits of protruding objects (measurements in mm)
OB
ST
RU
CT
ION
CANE DETECTS OBSTRUCTION
GREATER
THAN 100
680
MAX
(B)
LIMITS OF PROTRUDING OBJECTS
OB
ST
RU
CT
ION
SIGN
2050 MIN
CANE DETECTS WALL
(A)
100 MAX
The Rating Survey Page 39
Figure 16: Cane detectable examples (measurements in mm)
Height of Controls
One important consideration concerns the height of electrical outlets, light
switches and other controls. Controls are typically mounted in two different
locations: 1) at a height of 1,200 mm for switches and controls that require a
person in a wheelchair to reach up, and 2) at a height of 300 mm to 400 mm for
electrical outlets and data ports that require everyone to bend down.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.2 Operating controls, p. 12-13, for additional details.
However, to meet the requirements of a generally aging population, including its
workforce, electrical outlets and data ports should be located 480 mm above the
finished floor — higher than typical installation heights. Light switches and other
The Rating Survey Page 40
controls should be mounted at 1,066 mm above the finished floor — lower than
the typical installation height. As these dimensions are approximately 152 mm (6
in.) higher or lower, respectively, than current practice, this amendment is
commonly referred to as the “six-inch rule”.
Note: When an assessor is rating an existing site, they may award full points for
meeting the standard installation requirements. However, when they are rating a
proposed facility, then they should apply the “six-inch rule”.
Figure 17: Recommended height of operational controls based on six-inch rule (measurements in mm)
Slope and Level Change
Slope, a measure of steepness, has an important influence on accessibility. The
steeper the terrain, the more difficult it is for people using wheeled mobility
devices or with mobility/balance challenges to navigate it. Cross-slope
compounds this challenge even further, as it requires people exerting extra
VENDING MACHINE
THERMOSTAT
LIGHT
SWITCH
480
TICKET
MACHINE
1,066
HEIGHT OF OPERATION CONTROL: “six-inch rule”
The Rating Survey Page 41
energy to remain balanced and stable, in addition to the energy needed to ascend
or descend a slope.
There are three different ways to express slope: gradient, percentage and
degrees:
Slope gradient is written as Y:X, also known as “rise over run”. For example,
the recommended maximum gradient for a ramp is 1:20 based on Universal
Design standards.
Slope percentage is calculated by converting the gradient to a percentage.
A gradient of 1:20 is the same as a 5% slope.
Slope in degrees is calculated using trigonometry. A 1:20 gradient is the
same as a slope of 2.86°. Online conversion tables are readily available to
perform conversion calculations for you.
In terms of RHFAC ratings, slope pertains specifically to interior and exterior
ramps and pathways. The greater the slope, the greater the risk of falling from
mobility devices when descending. Wheelchair users may also find it difficult to
control their downhill speed. When ascending a steep slope, they may tip
backward or simply lack the physical strength to overcome the slope. People
using walking aids and those without assistive devices who are experiencing age-
related strength, agility and/or balance challenges can find even code-minimum
ramps difficult to use.
SLOPE
Minimum requirements:
Has a running slope of 8.3% (1:12) or less (as per site code and CSA B651-12)
Ensures the cross-slope on exterior pathways or ramps is 2% (1:50) to allow for proper drainage
In steeper terrain, has exterior ramps instead of pathways
Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.3.2 Changes in Level, p. 16-17, for additional details.
The Rating Survey Page 42
SLOPE
Maximum points:
Has a running slope of 5% (1:20) or less
Ensures gradient is constant and consistent; ensures ramps with two or more consecutive slopes are of the same gradient; between landings, the gradient of ramps should be the same
Figure 18: Changes in level (measurements in mm)
Surfaces
Surfaces are an important measure of accessibility for parking areas, exterior
pathways, interior and exterior ramps and stairs, lobby and reception area floors,
showers, playgrounds, and pools. Accessible surfaces should be level, stable, firm
and slip resistant. Tactile walking surface indicators are important in many
situations, as they identify hazards or provide guidance for people who are blind
or have low vision.
RUN
RISE OVER 13
CHANGE IN LEVEL
GREATER THAN 13
NOT STEEPER THAN 1:12 (8.33%)
(Ratio of Rise to Run)
(C)
CHANGE IN LEVEL
RUN
RISE
7 -13CHANGE IN LEVEL
7-13
BEVELLED BUT NOT STEEPER THAN
1:2 (50%) (Ratio of Rise to Run)
(B)
RISE
6 OR LESS
CHANGE IN LEVEL UP TO 6
MAY BE VERTICAL
(A)
The Rating Survey Page 43
SURFACES
Level, stable, firm and slip resistant
Minimum requirements:
General (all types of facilities):
Ensures minimal slope/gradient, free of level changes; variations in slope, such as grade breaks within runs, can disrupt wheelchair travel
Has a stable, firm surface that resists movement
Has appropriate type of surface material for designated use and location (interior, exterior, climate/weather conditions). For exterior surfaces:
o Uses types of suitable exterior surface materials, including pavement (asphalt), concrete, stone, timber, brick/paving and grass
o Avoids using loose materials, such as sand, gravel, or woodchips, or rough/irregular materials, such as cobble stones
Ensures an even surface with minimal irregularities to reduce potential for water accumulation, which can create a slippery surface
Ensures there are minimal gaps, joints or breaks in the surface, which present tripping hazards; any gaps should run perpendicular to the direction of movement
Ensures all surfaces are non-glare and have non-slip textured finishes, as polished surfaces cause glare and can be slippery
Vehicular access areas:
Allows for safe exit from vehicle and transfer to mobility device Ramps:
Uses types of suitable exterior ramp surface materials, including pavement (asphalt), concrete and timber
Uses types of suitable interior ramp surface materials, including concrete, carpeted floor (low pile), and non-slip laminate
Stairs:
Ensures stairs are in good condition with no damage or settlement
Ensures carpeting is not used continuously over the nosing and throughout the flight of stairs; carpeting may be used only on the tread (top of stair), as
The Rating Survey Page 44
SURFACES
Level, stable, firm and slip resistant
it causes definition of the individual step to disappear and creates a tripping hazard
Showers:
Are on a level floor with integral floor drain (minimal slope for drainage); trench or channel drains are recommended
Has matte-finish, slip-resistant flooring
Has no sharp edges or trims
Maximum points:
General (all types of facilities):
Has an even, continuous surface
Has a textured, slip-resistant finish for both wet and dry conditions Pathways:
Is constructed of porous concrete to eliminate pooling of water
Tactile Surfaces
The Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) defines tactile surfaces in the
document “Clearing our Path”:1
Tactile Warning Surface Indicators or TWSIs, (also known as detectable
warning surfaces or tactile attention indicators) are standardized walking
surfaces that convey information to people with vision loss through texture and
contrast. TWSIs should have a texture that can be felt underfoot and detected
by a long cane. Their edges should be bevelled to decrease the likelihood of
tripping.
There are two types of TWSIs:
1 CNIB “Clearing our Path”. Retrieved from http://www.clearingourpath.ca/3.3.1-attention-twsi_e.php
The Rating Survey Page 45
• Attention TWSIs (Tactile Attention Indicators) — sometimes called
warning TWSIs — call attention to key hazards such as the start of a
staircase or the edge of a platform. These are normally truncated domes
set into the path of travel. Attention TWSIs provide critical safety
information to everyone at potentially dangerous locations, and particularly
to people who are blind or have low vision. They should only be used to
identify potential hazards. It’s important to provide consistent safety
information so that people who are blind or have low vision will recognize
potentially dangerous situations in any town or province.
• Guidance TWSIs (Tactile Directional Indicators) — also known as
wayfinding TWSIs — provide information about the direction of travel
through open spaces. They are designed to guide a person on a designated
path of travel. A guidance TWSI consists of elongated, colour-contrasted
bars arranged in a linear pattern.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.3.5 Tactile walking indicator surfaces, p. 17-25, for
additional details.
Figure 19: Examples of Guidance TWSIs
The Rating Survey Page 46
Visual Contrast
Using visual or colour contrast between surfaces to highlight objects and features
has a significant effect on accessibility. Many people, not just those who are blind
or have low vision, have difficulty navigating the built environment when the
visual contrast is low. Walls, floors, or other large fields of tile or colour should
include high-contrast surfaces and areas to help with depth perception, to assist
in wayfinding, to identify potential obstacles, and to minimize vertigo.
Tonal contrast is, basically, dark versus light. A tonal contrast of 70% is the goal
for identifying hazards. A difference in tonal contrast of less than 40% is not
visible to most people with low vision.
Here are some examples of where high visual contrast should be provided:
Doors and door frames, with the surrounding wall surfaces and floors
Elevator doors, with the adjacent wall
Nosing on stairs, with the treads
Handrails, with the surrounding surfaces
Ramp surfaces, with landing surfaces
Furniture, fixtures, counters, doors, cupboard door hardware, cupboard doors,
and appliances, with the surrounding areas
When considering contrasting colours, it is important to recognize that people
who are colour-blind have difficulty distinguishing between red/green or
blue/green colour combinations. Accordingly, these combinations should be
avoided.
The Rating Survey Page 47
Figure 20: Example of visual contrast between handrail and stairs
Illumination and Lighting
Illumination is an important measure of accessibility for a range of interior and
exterior facilities — from parking, exterior pathways and ramps, to site entrances,
hallways, elevators and interior stairs.
While proper lighting helps everyone, it is particularly important for people with
low vision or for anyone who has difficulty making out surroundings when they
are too bright or too dark. Good illumination enables people to move safely and
independently around the built environment and aids them with perception of
space, colour and texture. It also helps people identify features and signage.
Appropriate lighting depends on the nature and use of the particular space.
Lighting should be positioned such that it minimizes glare, reflection, or shadows.
Glare can cause confusion or disorientation, and shadows reduce visibility or
create false impressions, which can create potential tripping hazards.
Interior Lighting
The Rating Survey Page 48
Interior lighting includes all sources of natural and artificial light, including
windows, skylights, glazed doors, glazed walls and light fixtures. Flexibility within
lighting design, such as provision of local lighting and task lighting, enables people
to control their own lighting levels. Passive infrared sensors can also be used to
increase light levels automatically. It is important to note that some fluorescent
lights cause interference with hearing enhancement equipment.
The National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) provides a list of common
recommended interior light levels. For example, the recommended light level for
normal office work is 500 lux, and the level recommended for public areas with
dark surroundings is 20 to 50 lux.2
Characteristics that help to ensure an accessible interior environment include:
Illuminating key areas and features, including using task lighting and using
light or pastel-coloured walls and window frames to increase the amount of
light being reflected into a room; dark surfaces absorb light and should be
avoided
Illuminating ramp and stairway surfaces so they can be used safely at any
time
Distributing light evenly throughout rooms and circulation areas
Positioning lights in elevators carefully to provide even distribution of light
and to avoid potential for glare and shadows; using indirect lighting via
ceiling panels or something similar to diffuse light evenly throughout the
interior is preferred; avoid positioning lights adjacent to the control panel,
as they may impede visibility and make it harder to see
Minimizing glare or reflection by using matte finishes, low-gloss varnish,
non-reflective glass, and window blinds or shades, and by avoiding
mirrored surfaces
2 National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) Recommended Light levels. Retrieved from:
https://www.noao.edu/education/QLTkit/ACTIVITY_Documents/Safety/LightLevels_outdoor+indoor.pdf
The Rating Survey Page 49
Using lighting that minimizes the creation of shadows on walls and floors
Exterior Lighting
Exterior lighting is important for security and safety and helps to ensure people
can read signs and directions. Good lighting is critical at site approaches and
entrances, and along access routes, including parking areas, pathways, ramps and
stairs.
Characteristics that help to ensure an accessible exterior environment include:
Providing lighting to steps and ramps that clearly highlight the tread and
riser surfaces of the steps, and the slopes of the ramps
Ensuring lights do not cast shadows on steps or ramps, as shadows can
mask a change in level, presenting a potential tripping hazard
Positioning low-level recessed lights so only the light, and not the light
source, is visible; exposure of the light source can create glare
Ensuring no sudden contrasts in lighting levels, such as at front entrances
where people need to make the transition between outdoor and indoor
lighting; abrupt changes in light levels can cause discomfort for some
people
Ensuring floodlights are not used, as they create glare
ILLUMINATION AND LIGHTING
Minimum requirements:
General (all types of facilities):
Provides adequate lighting for the nature and use of the space
Ensures lighting illuminates key areas and features
Ensures, where indoor and outdoor areas connect, there are no abrupt changes in lighting levels
Interior Lighting:
The Rating Survey Page 50
ILLUMINATION AND LIGHTING
Ensures light is evenly distributed throughout rooms and circulation areas
Ensures surfaces minimize any glare or reflection
Ensures lighting minimizes the creation of shadows on walls and floors
Elevators:
Maintains lighting levels inside the car at ambient hallway light levels and provides even, flicker-free light
Exterior Lighting:
Ensures there is no sudden contrast between brightly lit areas or bright sunlight and dimly lit or shaded areas
Provides even light distribution at ground level and minimizes lights presenting a source of glare or creating pools of light and areas of shadow
Ensures space can be used safely after dark
Ensures steps and stairs are lit by low-level fixtures to highlight the tread and riser surface
Positions lighting to adequately illuminate any ramp and landing surfaces and to highlight changes in slope
Positions lighting to adequately illuminate the entrance and any adjacent landing surfaces or stairs
Maximum points:
General (all types of facilities):
Uses photoluminescence (glow-in-the-dark) treatments on fixtures (e.g., any obstacles, features or stairs)
Interior Lighting:
Has generally higher light levels (e.g., 25% higher than standard)
Exterior Lighting:
Has fixtures shielding light sources and casting indirect light
The Rating Survey Page 51
ILLUMINATION AND LIGHTING
Has fixtures mounted below eye level used in addition to standard lighting to provide better definition of ground surfaces
Handrails
This element is an important measure of accessibility for interior and exterior
ramps and stairs, hallways, elevators, and pools.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.4.4 Stair handrails, p. 67-71, and 5.5.8 Ramp handrails, p.
78-79, for additional details.
HANDRAILS
Minimum requirements:
General (all types of facilities):
Provides handrails on both sides of a ramp or stairs
For a wide staircase, provides one or more intermediate handrails
Ensures handrails are continuous through the length of stairs, ramps, hallways or passageways, except where interrupted by other paths of travel or by doorways; people who are blind or have low vision rely on handrails to guide them in negotiating ramps, stairs, hallways or passageways, while people with mobility disabilities rely on them for stability
Provides horizontal handrail extensions at the top and bottom of all ramps and stairs to provide support and orientation for people as they move between the ramp or stairs and a level surface and vice versa; extensions should be turned down or sideways and returned to post, floor or wall to prevent handbags, pockets, etc. from getting caught, with a consistent method used throughout the facility
Ensures extensions are not required where they would project into another path of travel
The Rating Survey Page 52
HANDRAILS
Has fixed support brackets on underside that don’t interfere with a person running their hand along the length
Ensures sufficient clearance exists between handrail and wall
Ensures the handrail does not project into a clear area and does not exceed maximum allowed
Ensures the handrail size (diameter) facilitates grip, with a smooth, round design free of any sharp, abrasive elements
Is securely attached and supports enough weight for its intended use
Ensures a consistent, accessible height along its run;
Allows people with lower eye level, such as children, little people, or people of short stature, to see and be seen through the railings
Prevents people and dogs from walking underneath
Contrasts visually with surrounding surfaces
Maximum points:
General (all types of facilities):
Offers parallel lower handrail for people of different heights, including children, little people, or people of short stature
Ensures sufficiently long horizontal handrail extensions, bringing the handrail to the same consistent height above the floor as it is above the stair treads or ramp (for stairs, this is one tread width past the bottom riser)
Exterior Ramps or Stairs:
Is constructed of materials of low thermal conductivity that do not become too cold or hot to the touch, with preferred materials including wood or plastic-coated steel, or stainless steel
The Rating Survey Page 53
Figure 21: Handrail extensions (measurements are in mm)
680 MAX
860 - 920
300 MIN
860 - 920
ONE TREAD
DEPTH
HANDRAIL EXTENSION
AT BOTTOM OF STAIRS
680 MAX
300 MIN
860 - 920
300 MIN
860 - 920
HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT TOP OF STAIRS
The Rating Survey Page 54
Figure 22: Handrail shape and size (measurements are in mm)
Standard Sizes
Doors
Door Standard Door Width Clear Width
(Door Depth = 2″/50.8 mm)
Imperial Metric Imperial Metric
Universal 36″ 920 mm 34″ 865 mm
Public Standard (old) 32″ 815 mm 30″ 762 mm
Public Standard (new) 34″ 865 mm 32″ 815 mm
Counters
Counter Standard Counter Height (AFF)
Imperial Metric
Universal 34″ 865 mm
Public Standard 36″ 920 mm
Standing Counter 42″ 1,066 mm
30 - 4035 - 45
HANDRAIL SHAPE
Vehicular Access Page 55
1 Vehicular Access
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
1.1 Parking 41
1.2 General Vehicular Access 20
Total Maximum Score 61
Description
People may get to a site by driving, taking a taxi or transit, walking, or cycling.
Vehicular access refers to main access points serving people who arrive at a site
by either motor vehicle or transit — in particular, parking, passenger drop-off and
pickup zones, and transit stops. These access points need to be safe and
convenient for all the facility’s intended users.
In general, while only elements within the site owner’s or site manager’s control
are included in a project’s rating assessment, the availability of appropriate
parking facilities and public transit has a significant impact on a site’s level of
overall accessibility and can influence the rating assessment.
Facilities providing adequate parking, passenger zones and nearby transit stops
make locations more usable, safe and attractive for people of all abilities. In some
cases, it makes the difference as to whether people can participate in sporting
and cultural events, or enjoy shopping, restaurants and other activities.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 9 Vehicular Access, p. 193-207, for additional details.
Vehicular Access Page 56
1.1 Parking
In general, parking should be accessible, easy to use, and sufficient enough to
support the needs of all intended users of a site.
Here are some general guidelines to follow when reviewing the accessibility of
parking lots:
If on-site parking, including parking lots and garages, is provided, people
with disabilities require direct access to designated accessible parking
spaces. The number, location, size and characteristics of designated
accessible spaces depend on the size and intended use of the facility,
together with the expected demand for accessible parking.
Priority must always be given to designated spaces for people with
disabilities. Courtesy or limited mobility parking spaces may be provided to
accommodate people who require easy access to a site, such as parents
with strollers or people who are unable to walk long distances due to a
medical condition or temporary injury.
If a facility relies on off-site parking over which they have no control, such
as street parking or parking in municipal or private lots, then “Parking”
should be excluded from the assessment. These facilities should provide
adequate passenger drop-off and loading areas to allow those travelling by
motor vehicle to have safe and direct access to a site.
Basic requirements for accessible parking include:
o the number and size of spaces
o vertical clearance for vans
o parking surfaces
o connection to accessible routes
o identification and signage
o accessible ticket machines (if applicable)
o protection from the elements
o illumination
Vehicular Access Page 57
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
1.1.1 Number of designated spaces 5 Minimum requirements:
Provides total number of designated accessible
parking spaces for standard cars and vans
following current CSA standards.
Maximum points:
Provides additional designated parking spaces for
people with disabilities
Where parking serves multiple entrances to a site
or trail, disperses accessible spaces among
accessible entrances
Provides adequate number of designated
accessible parking at specific entrances to meet
the needs of all users of the facility (e.g. medical
facilities, community centres and trails or
pathways used by seniors, and adaptable sports
programs will need more accessible parking than
CSA standard)
In residential facilities, provides guest parking
with accessible spaces designated for people with
disabilities
1.1.2 Dimensions of designated spaces for expected
vehicles
5
Minimum requirements:
For designated accessible parking, provides
required dimensions for parking space and access
aisle
Vehicular Access Page 58
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides an access aisle adjacent to the parking
space and running the full length of the space;
two spaces can share one aisle; ideally, access
aisles are available on both sides of the parking
space to provide choice
Maximum points:
Provides designated parking accommodating
vans and rear lift equipped vehicles
1.1.3 Surface is level, stable, firm and slip resistant 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
1.1.4 Clear signage 3
Uses designated signage; may include designated
reserved space labelled for specific tenant or staff
Minimum requirements:
Ensures designated accessible and courtesy and
limited mobility parking spaces are clearly
marked both on the pavement and on a vertically
mounted sign
Ensures signs are visible while vehicles are
parked in spaces
Uses the International Symbol of Access to
identify designated parking
Ensures signs identifying van spaces indicate they
are van accessible
Ensures the access aisle is clearly marked
Note: Some accessible spaces meeting standards
of CAN/CSA B651, Item 9.5.2 for size may be
Vehicular Access Page 59
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
private or personal parking for the tenant or
owner and therefore not marked using the
international symbol to prevent confusion with
parking available for guests or the public.
Maximum points:
Provides clear directional signage indicating route
to designated accessible, courtesy, and limited
mobility spaces, and to ticket machines, as
appropriate
Ensures signs at garage entrances indicate
vertical clearances and location of van spaces
Provides adequate setback for nature and
landscaping to ensure overgrowth does not
obscure signage
Provides a variety of clear wayfinding cues
1.1.5 Safe and direct access to pedestrian pathway 3 Includes parking space to pedestrian pathway
Minimum requirements:
Ensures access aisles connect directly to
accessible pedestrian pathways
In a parking garage, ensures access aisles connect
directly to accessible pedestrian route to closest
accessible pedestrian entrance
Ensures pathways are in a convenient location
close to an accessible entrance
Ensures route is accessible and easy to
understand
Ensures there are no obstructions
Vehicular Access Page 60
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides security
Maximum points:
Ensures the route runs in front of and not behind
parking spaces; access does not require passing
behind vehicles or across roadway
Ensures route is on the most convenient level for
access to facility, if multi-storey or underground
car park
1.1.6 Curb ramps (if level change en route to exterior
pathway)
5
Only applies if there is a level change between the
parking space and the pedestrian pathway
Minimum requirements:
Provides curb ramp in close proximity to
pedestrian pathway
Ensures curb ramp does not project into parking
space, access aisle, or vehicle traffic lane to
accommodate wheelchair transfers and vehicle
ramps or lifts
Ensures curb ramps have landings at top
Ensures curb ramps have returned curb sides
(side flares); or provides a dropped sidewalk or
blended transition as alternative to curb ramps
Maximum points:
Provides dedicated curb ramp with safe access to
pedestrian pathway from each designated
parking space
Vehicular Access Page 61
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Incorporates appropriate tactile attention
indicator, including truncated domes
Provides score lines indicating direction of travel
Ensures gutter provides flush transition from
pathway to minimize tripping hazards
1.1.7 Clearly marked pedestrian route and crossings (if in
path of traffic)
3
Includes traffic crossings and travelling behind
vehicles
Minimum requirements:
Ensures routes are logical and understandable
Provides directional signage
Ensures crosswalks are clearly marked on
pavement in high-contrast colour
Maximum points:
Provides a variety of clear wayfinding cues
Ensures crosswalks have additional alerts (e.g.,
flashing lights, audible signal or embedded LED
lighting)
1.1.8 Height clearance (if sheltered or parkade) 4
Minimum requirements:
Provides vertical clearance to accommodate vans
at van parking spaces and along the vehicle route
to and from these spaces
If clearance is not adequate to accommodate van
converted for wheelchair access (higher than
standard van), provides suitable parking
Vehicular Access Page 62
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
alternative and sufficient warning in advance of
entry and directions to appropriate location
Ensures there are no projecting elements, such as
signs and lighting
Maximum points:
Fully accommodates a van that is converted for
wheelchair access (higher than standard van)
1.1.9 Well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 3
N/A if no power to site or policy for outdoor day use
only (e.g., remote outdoor park)
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
1.1.10 Shelter for designated spaces (if outdoor parking) 2
N/A only if indoor parking garage
Minimum requirements:
Provides minimal protection from weather
Maximum points:
Provides full coverage from weather
1.1.11 Ticket dispensers or paying machines convenient
and accessible (if paid parking)
3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures dispensers are close to parking spaces
Provides clear floor space for forward or side
approach
Ensures location is within accessible reach ranges
Provides safe access
Vehicular Access Page 63
1.1 PARKING
Maximum Score: 41 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures there are no obstructions or interference
from other parked vehicles
Provides a level ground surface
Ensures dispensers have one-hand operation
Ensures machines are easy to use and
understand
Ensures the visual display is easy to see and read
Provides clear instructions
Maximum points:
Ensures machines are available at different
heights
Ensures machines contrast visually with
surrounding surface
Provides intercom available for communication
with operator
Number of vehicle
parking spaces
Number of designated parking spaces for people with
disabilities
2–50 1–3
51–100 2–4
101–200 4–8
201–300 5–10
301–500 6–12
500 plus 6–12 plus 1–3 for every 100 additional spaces over 500
Source: Table 7, p. 197, CSA B651-12 © 2012 CSA Group
Vehicular Access Page 64
1.2 General Vehicular Access
General vehicular access includes passenger drop-off or loading areas and nearby
public transit.
Passenger drop-off areas allow people to immediately access a site. They are
generally required at medical care facilities, long-term care facilities, airports and
hotels. They are useful at outdoor recreation facilities, especially if picnics and
other activities are planned. They may be provided in addition to designated
parking and are very helpful where designated parking is not close to a facility, or
where weather conditions are often poor.
Those who are unable to drive often rely on public transit to get around. While
transit is often beyond the control of a site owner, it still impacts a facility’s level
of accessibility. In fact, when selecting a location for a site, proximity of public
transportation is often one of the criteria.
Here are some general guidelines to follow when reviewing the accessibility of
these areas:
As with designated parking, passenger drop-off areas should be accessible,
easy to use, and sufficient enough to support the needs of all intended
users. They should not impede vehicular or passenger traffic. The size and
number of drop-off areas depends on the size and intended use of the site.
As with any drop-off or pick-up area, the ideal transit stop should be close
to the facility. Provision of a level, stable and firm surface, adequate lighting
for security, a shelter and a seating area are all important features. There
should be safe access to the pedestrian pathway, and the pedestrian
pathway should be safe and accessible.
Basic requirements for accessible passenger drop-off zones include:
o the size of drop-off spaces and access aisles
o vertical clearance
o surfaces
o identification and signage
Vehicular Access Page 65
o protection from the elements
o illumination
Basic requirements for transit are similar to those for passenger drop-off
zones. Other considerations include the provision of seating and shelter,
and the safety of any road crossings.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 9.3 Passenger pick-up areas, p. 194-195, for additional
details.
1.2 GENERAL VEHICULAR ACCESS
Maximum Score: 20 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
1.2.1 Passenger drop-off (if required for expected usage) 10
N/A only if clear case that passenger drop-off is not
expected or possible (e.g., busy urban street)
Minimum requirements:
Ensures drop-off areas are located close to
facility and accessible main entrance(s)
Ensures the surface is level, stable, firm and slip
resistant to support safe loading/unloading
Ensures the access aisle is clearly marked, level
with vehicle drop-off space, and wide enough for
expected usage
Ensures access aisle provides safe and direct
access to pedestrian pathway
Provides clear, easy-to-locate signage
Provides a curb ramp if level changes from access
aisle to pedestrian pathway
Provides tactile walking surface indicators
(TWSIs) for people who are blind or have low
vision
Vehicular Access Page 66
1.2 GENERAL VEHICULAR ACCESS
Maximum Score: 20 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Offers height clearance to accommodate van
converted for wheelchair access; has no
projecting elements such as signs and lighting
Ensures area is well illuminated, with even light
distribution at ground level
Ensures there are no obstacles presenting
tripping hazards (e.g., manhole covers, grilles)
Provides space for wheelchair user to manoeuvre
and for lift or ramp (per CSA B651-12, 9.3.1)
Maximum points:
Ensures area is flush with roadway surface
Provides shelter
Provides seating
1.2.2 Public transit (if area is serviced) 10
N/A only if transit is not serviced in region
Minimum requirements:
Provides safe access from transit stop to
pedestrian pathway
Ensures transit stop is located near the facility
Ensures surface is level, firm, stable and slip
resistant
Ensures there are no obstructions
Provides curb ramps where the level changes
Provides tactile walking surface indicators
(TWSIs) and visual clues for people who are
visually impaired (e.g., sidewalks with grass
borders, street furnishings)
Vehicular Access Page 67
1.2 GENERAL VEHICULAR ACCESS
Maximum Score: 20 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides clear signage (e.g., transit route maps
and schedules that are easily interpreted by all
users)
Ensures the stop is well illuminated, with even
light distribution at ground level for security
Provides seating
Provides shelter
Ensures road crossing is safe
Maximum points:
Ensures available shelter accommodates all
users; shelters have adequate internal clearance
and provide clear sightlines to allow passengers
to see an approaching bus, and bus driver to see
waiting passengers
Offers real-time signage indicating arrival time of
next vehicle
1.3 Ideas for Innovation
Parking
Look for innovation in customer service and technology. Examples include:
A direct-line telephone with a text capability for people who are deaf or
hard of hearing. This allows them to communicate with parking staff and to
request assistance.
Parking apps that can help guide people to available accessible parking
spaces. This helps to save time and to reduce confusion and stress.
Vehicular Access Page 68
Innovative signage. In large parking facilities, colour and prominent signage
with location identifiers, such as letters or animals, can be used to help
people more easily remember parking locations.
Courtesy or limited mobility parking for older people, for parents with
young children, or for deliveries. This helps to prevent random parking and
to reduce congestion.
A shuttle service equipped with a wheelchair lift. This can help people to
get to an event venue or attraction when parking is a long distance away.
A scheduling application used in a healthcare office that can advise the
driver when a patient is finished with an appointment and is ready for
pickup at a passenger loading zone. This reduces wait times and
congestion.
Short-term parking spaces (10 to 15 minutes) near an entrance to prevent
double-parking and to reduce congestion.
General Vehicular Access
Examples of innovation include:
Installing bollards to further define a passenger drop-off zone.
Shelters that complement surroundings aesthetically, yet stand out, can
alert motorists and cyclists to use caution in the area and make it safer for
passengers.
A climate-controlled area for a transit stop that provides heating and
cooling in extreme conditions (e.g., consider heated shelters at high
ridership stops in cold climates). Temperature regulation can affect the
health and well-being of people with disabilities and seniors.
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 69
2 Exterior Approach and Entrance
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site 45
2.2 Exterior Ramps 34
2.3 Exterior Stairs 42
2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance 67
Total Maximum Score 188
Figure 23: Main entrance and exterior approach to main entrance
Description
The exterior approach and entrance refers to both the entrance itself and all the
external pathways and pedestrian routes connecting site arrival points, such as
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 70
parking, drop-off areas, public streets and sidewalks, and public transit stops to
the entrance — including any pathways, ramps or stairs found along the route.
The exterior approach and entrance should provide a continuous path of travel
without any obstacles to ensure the security and safety of its users. Where
possible, all routes to a site should be inclusive, convenient and accessible for
everyone, without labelling or segregating people with disabilities. If access to a
facility is restricted, it could be viewed as a human rights issue.
IMPORTANT:
The mandatory requirements for certification: a site must have a
public entrance and all its key functional spaces and amenities must
be physically accessible for everyone.
Where there are changes in level, access routes should be easy to understand and
navigate with a choice of a ramp and stairs. Some people with mobility disabilities
find it easier to use steps, while people using wheelchairs and other wheeled
mobility devices, or pushing strollers or luggage, most often prefer a ramp.
For newly developed sites and new sites, designers should consider from the
outset how best to minimize level changes along principal access routes, such as
between the site entrance and building entrance, and to locate features
accordingly. All entrances in a new facility should be universally designed.
2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site
Exterior pathways should be level or gently sloped and provide enough width to
accommodate the expected number of people, including people using power
wheelchairs and scooters. If pathways are narrow, then passing places should be
provided fairly frequently. Pathways should be safe for all users, free of obstacles,
well illuminated, easy to find, and well integrated with any stairs or ramps along
the route. They should include any necessary crosswalk markings and curb ramps.
If the route is long, it is important to provide seating.
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 71
Refer to CSA B651-12, 8.2 Accessible Routes, p. 161-165 and 8.3 Pedestrian
Crossing, p. 166-177, for additional details.
Important: In outdoor parks, this element applies to exterior pathways that
connect parking areas with facilities and amenities. These are different from the
trail system. To rate a designated accessible trail, please refer to Trails and
Pathways category.
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.1.1 Clear width 5
Minimum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
scooters, and for people with companions or
service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people, depending
on the nature of the facility
Allows people to pass one another easily at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
Provides passing areas at reasonable intervals if
pathway is not wide enough
Ensures minimal sharp (90°) outside corners on
pathway
Ensures pathways are wider in front of shops and
bus stops
Maximum points:
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 72
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Allows at least two people using wheelchairs or
people with strollers to walk alongside or easily
pass one another
2.1.2 Surface is level, firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.1.3 Clear signage (if required for expected usage) 3
N/A only if facilities are in clear view and obvious, or if
purpose of facility dictates privacy
Minimum requirements:
Provides clear, logical and understandable
directional signage indicating route to main
accessible entrance and parking
Uses large font and contrasting colours
Uses international symbols as much as possible
Maximum points:
Provides directional signage with distance
indicator
2.1.4 Path is level or low-gradient slope (when not
accommodated by ramp)
3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.1.5 Level landings with clear space (at regular intervals
and before level changes or decision points)
2
N/A only if pathway is short or entire length is level
Minimum requirements:
Provides level landings/rest areas at appropriate
intervals along a pathway when a grade exists; the
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 73
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
steeper the terrain, the greater the frequency of
the landings
Provides landings before and after an incline
Maximum points:
Has colour-contrasted strip on landing
2.1.6 Curb ramps (if there is a level change to sidewalk en
route to entrance)
5
N/A only if there is no sidewalk or equivalent with
level change
Minimum requirements:
Ensures ramps have landings at top
Ensures ramps have returned curb sides (side
flares)
Maximum points:
Incorporates appropriate tactile walking surface
indicators (TWSIs), which include truncated domes
and directional tile
Includes lines indicating direction of travel
Ensures gutter provides a flush transition from
pathway to minimize tripping hazard
2.1.7 Curbs, barriers or guardrails (if drop-off at edge of
pathway)
3
N/A only if there is no drop-off at the edge of a
pathway
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 74
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Has clearly defined pathway edges with a change
in texture or tonal contrast to help people who are
blind or have low vision
Provides edge protection on either side of a path
to prevent accidents where a change in level exists
Provides suitable protection if the path is adjacent
to a vehicular route or if it is a shared-use route
(e.g., shared with other users such as cyclists)
Uses guardrails or barriers that visually contrast
with surrounding surfaces where there is a
significant change in level
Ensures guardrails or barriers are designed to
allow people with lower eye level, such as people
using wheelchairs and children, to see and be seen
through railings, and to be detectable for people
who are blind or have low vision
2.1.8 No obstacles on path or overhead 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures obstacles or protruding objects in the path
of travel are cane detectable
Ensures portable signs, such as sandwich boards,
are not permitted on the path of travel
Ensures path is clear of bins, bicycles, leaves and
litter
Ensures, where trees are located in the path of
travel, the base is protected by a tree grate or
(cane-detectable) tree guard
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 75
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides clear headroom space across the entire
width and length of the pathway, meaning it is
free of any signs or obstacles that could be a
collision hazard for people who are blind or have
low vision; the recommended clear minimum
headroom is 2,030 mm
Has drainage grates offset from main pathway
Ensures openings for drainage grates are
perpendicular to the path of travel
2.1.9 Convenient and understandable pathway to facilities 2
Minimum requirements:
Ensures easy-to-identify paths to entrance, that
are convenient and direct
Ensures steps (or other suitable approach) as an
alternative
Where area beside the pathway is flush with the
path, ensures a change in surface treatment, such
as grass or a ground flora verge, at the edge along
its entire length to prevent people from straying
off the path
Maximum points:
Ensures path is as straight and predictable as
possible, as people with low vision or who are
blind rely on straight paths and consistency for
wayfinding
2.1.10 Fixed items nearby highly visible and cane
detectable
2
N/A only if there are no fixed items
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 76
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures any fixed items along the route, such as
manholes, utility poles and furniture (e.g.,
bollards, seating, disposal bins, drinking
fountains), are located off the path of travel, if
possible
Ensures any fixed items located on the path of
travel are cane detectable and clearly indicated
using a contrasting colour
2.1.11 Clearly marked pedestrian crossings 3
N/A only if the path of travel does not cross traffic
Minimum requirements:
Provides logical and understandable directional
signage
Ensures crosswalks are clearly marked on the
pavement
Ensures crossings are located where they are
clearly visible, safe and convenient for all users
Maximum points:
Provides a variety of clear wayfinding cues
Ensures crosswalks have additional alerts, such as
visual and audible signals
Ensures raised crossing is in place
Uses zebra markings to indicate uncontrolled
crossing
2.1.12 Drainage 2
Minimum requirements:
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 77
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures cross fall is minimal but sufficient enough
to allow adequate drainage (2%); does not permit
water accumulation or pooling that would create
slippery surfaces or cause glare
Ensures drainage channels do not obstruct path of
travel
Maximum points:
Ensures grate is high contrast relative to
surrounding surfaces and drain slots are aligned to
the typical path of travel
2.1.13 Well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 3
N/A only if no power to site or policy is for day use
only
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the complete pathway is brightly lit;
current best practice is 60 lux
2.1.14 Seating (at regular intervals and before level
changes or decision points)
3
N/A only if pathway is short distance and there are no
level changes or decision points
Minimum requirements:
General (all types of facilities):
Offers direct, unobstructed access to seating; for
people using walking aids, rest areas are critical
Is located on a level area and does not obstruct
circulation routes
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 78
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Is clearly signed and identified
Contrasts visually with surrounding surfaces
Incorporates clear spaces for people using
wheelchairs, scooters or strollers so they can sit
alongside one another and with their companions
Provides a clear space at the end of the seating for
a service dog or other animal to rest
Offers a variety of seating options to suit different
people: seats with and without armrests, seats
with backrests, and fixed and movable seats
Ensures seats positioned or linked in a row are all
of the same style (e.g., all with armrests or all
without); a mixture of seat styles in a single row
can cause confusion for people who are blind or
have low vision
Exterior pathways:
Provides resting areas with seating off path of
travel if long route and/or steep grade
Ensures surface on which seating is located is
level, firm and stable
Maximum points:
General (all types of facilities):
Provides back support and at least one armrest
Provides adequate heel space to allow people to
stand up easily
Ensures resting area is clearly visible and identified
with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture
and colour)
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 79
2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE
Maximum Score: 45 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Exterior pathways:
Provides regular, frequent and predictable
intervals for intended use and before level
changes; seating intervals are 10m, if possible
Ensures seating areas are level and within sight of
one another
Provides shelter
2.2 Exterior Ramps
Exterior ramps should be provided in areas along a route where the slope (grade,
gradient, incline) exceeds 5% (1:20). Alternatives, such as an elevator or escalator,
may be suitable for some locations.
Ramps should provide adequate width to accommodate the expected number of
people, including people using power wheelchairs and scooters. To ensure safety,
ramps should be equipped with accessible handrails and edge protection as well
as provide good illumination with flat, even light. Surfaces should be firm, stable
and slip resistant.
Level landings are required at both the top and bottom of each run, between
runs, and wherever a ramp changes direction. Long ramps with a significant
change in elevation should be avoided, as they can be difficult for some people to
use. If possible, a ramp should be no longer than 9,000 mm and the rise between
landings should not exceed 450 mm. [Note: A ramp can consist of multiple 9,000
mm sections, as long as each is connected by a level landing at the top and
bottom.]
Ramps can have one of the following configurations:
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 80
Straight run
90° turn
Switchback or 180° turn
Circular or curved ramps are not recommended, nor are ramps within stairs (S-
ramps) since they are extremely hazardous to people who are blind or have low
vision, people with mobility disabilities, and people using wheeled mobility
devices or walking aids.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.5. Ramps, p. 71-75, for additional details.
2.2 EXTERIOR RAMPS
Maximum Score: 34 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.2.1 Slope 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.2.2 Clear width 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions or
service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people, depending
on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
2.2.3 Surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 4
4 Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 81
2.2 EXTERIOR RAMPS
Maximum Score: 34 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.2.4 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures landings are located at the top and bottom
of each run
Provides intermediate landings between runs and
where ramps change direction, for resting,
manoeuvring, and avoiding excessive speed
Provides adequate turning space for people using
wheelchairs or mobility aids, and for people with
strollers or service dogs
Maximum points:
Ensures ramp surfaces contrast visually with landing
surfaces to highlight changes in plane to people
who have low vision
Note: It is important that tactile attention
indicators, such as truncated domes, not be used on
ramps as they are not designed for this purpose.
2.2.5 Handrails 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.2.6 Edge protection 3
Minimum requirements:
Provides curbs or protective barriers (e.g., raised
barrier or rail) on both sides of ramp and on
landings to prevent wheelchair casters or crutch
tips from slipping off edge; returned curb sides (side
flares) are acceptable for minimal drop-off
Maximum points:
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 82
2.2 EXTERIOR RAMPS
Maximum Score: 34 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Contrasts visually with ramp surface
2.2.7 Colour-contrasted and slip-resistant strip 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures top and bottom landings have colour-
contrasted strip
2.2.8 Well illuminated (if required for expected usage) 3
N/A only if no power or policy is day use only
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.2.9 Convenient proximity 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures location is in close proximity to or along
main route
Maximum points:
Ensures ramps are well integrated with existing
route
Ensures route offers choice where practical
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 83
Figure 24: Standard ramp features (measurements in mm)
2.3 Exterior Stairs
Stairs are inherently hazardous. They need to be well dimensioned to provide a
stable footing and to ensure the safety and comfort of all users. They should not
be steep, and surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. They should be
equipped with accessible handrails and tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs),
and be kept clear of all obstacles, including litter and leaves.
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 84
Stairs should be provided in conjunction with a ramp to offer choice and to meet
all users’ needs. Where possible, the top and bottom of a ramp should be
adjacent to the top and bottom of an associated set of stairs.
Single steps should be avoided in an access route, as they are not as obvious as a
longer flight of stairs and may present a tripping hazard. If a change in level is
equivalent to the rise of a single step, the surface should be gently graded. Stair
dimensions should be consistent throughout a flight of stairs. Circular stairs and
stairs with tapered treads should be avoided, as they can be difficult for people
who are blind or have low vision to navigate, and they may create falling hazards.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.4 Stairs, p. 63-70, for additional details.
2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.3.1 Clear width 2 Minimum/maximum requirements:
General (all types of facilities):
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
2.3.2 Tread surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 85
2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures treads and landings have a slip-resistant
finish or are provided with slip-resistant strips
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.3.3 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures landings are provided at the top and
bottom of each flight, with the length equivalent
to the step width
Provides landings at reasonable intervals
throughout the stairway to break up significant
difference in level
Ensures landings extend along full width of stairs
Ensures there are no stepped landings
Ensures landings are unobstructed by door
swings
2.3.4 Handrails 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures handrails are continuous on both sides
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
2.3.5 Tactile attention indicators at top 5
May be required by regulation or standards on top
and bottom
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures tactile attention indicators are placed at
the top of the stairs to notify people who are
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 86
2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
blind or have low vision; material is contrasting in
colour with the surrounding surface material and
is of a different texture
Ensures indicators extend the full width of the
stairs and are of sufficient length in the direction
of travel to provide adequate warning to people
who are blind or have low vision
Note: Tactile attention indicators are generally
not used on intermediate landings, as this can
give a false impression that the end of the flight
of stairs has been reached. However, attention
indicators are used on an intermediate landing
that meets with another path of travel or
circulation route. Stairs intended primarily for
emergency egress do not require tactile attention
warning indicators.
2.3.6 Colour-contrasted strip on nosing 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures each step edge has a strip that colour
contrasts with the tread to visually highlight the
step edge and to improve depth perception
Ensures contrasting strip extends the full width of
the step and is of adequate width
Ensures contrasting strip wraps around nosing
and continues down the riser so that it is visible
when both ascending and descending the stairs
2.3.7 Riser height and tread depth 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures steps are consistent throughout with
uniform riser heights and tread depths;
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 87
2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
inconsistencies in rise or in tread depth can
create tripping hazards
Ensures dimensions are adequate to provide safe
footing for all users
Ensures angle of riser face is greater than 60°
Ensures the total rise for a flight of stairs is
appropriate; if more than one flight is required,
the number of steps in each flight is the same
2.3.8 No open riser 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all step risers are closed and opaque;
open risers can be tripping hazards, a source of
visual confusion, or disconcerting; [Note: People
who wear leg braces or prosthetic devices need a
solid riser to guide the foot up the riser and over
the nosing to the next step; those who use canes
or crutches place them against the riser of the
next step in order to maintain balance.]
2.3.9 Nosing design 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures nosing is flush with riser
Ensures, where projecting nosings are used, they
do not have sharp or abrupt edges or an
underside that prevents a foot from sliding up
the riser and that may cause tripping; projecting
nosings must be rounded or bevelled
Ensures projecting nosings are sloped to the riser
at an angle greater than 60° to the horizontal
2.3.10 Drainage 2
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 88
2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirement:
Ensures steps, treads and landings have adequate
drainage to prevent water pooling
2.3.11 Height clearance (if sheltered) 4
N/A only if stairs do not have overhead shelter
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Maintains clear headroom throughout the full
length of the stairway and on any landings
Ensures the area beneath an unenclosed
staircase has a protective guardrail to prevent
people from colliding with the stairs
Provides ample headroom (e.g., if sheltered or if
items are suspended above stairs)
2.3.12 Well illuminated (if required for expected usage) 3
N/A only if no power or policy for day use only
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Maximum points:
Provides glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or
handrails along emergency exit routes to
illuminate steps during a power outage
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 89
Figure 25: Standard stair features (measurements in mm)
2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance
The main entrance to a site must be welcoming to all intended users and easy to
find. Everyone who is meant to have access to a facility should be able to safely
enter or exit the premises conveniently, independently and with minimal effort.
Depending upon the nature of the facility, site access may be either uncontrolled
and open to anyone, or restricted.
Entrances should be highly visible. Hidden entrances are not only difficult to find,
but they can present safety challenges. All entrances should support Crime
Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), which stipulates that there
should be no hiding spots or danger zones exposing vulnerable people to attack.
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 90
The entrance door should be easy to operate and wide enough to accommodate
all site users. Doors can be manually operated or power operated, although in
most situations, a power operated door is preferred. Automatic doors should
ideally slide aside rather than swing in or out. Where revolving doors are provided
at an entrance, an accessible alternative, such as automated sliding doors or an
automated swing door, should always be available.
Shelter should be provided for weather protection, particularly in areas that
experience weather extremes. Availability of seating is important for seniors or
for people with mobility or visual disabilities who often need a comfortable place
to wait.
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.4.1 Main entrance is accessible and doesn’t require
alternative
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures at least one door or doorway is
accessible
Ensures the route to the entrance is accessible,
with a direct accessible pathway connecting the
facility to city sidewalks, parking and/or public
transit
Ensures a secondary or alternative accessible
entrance is acceptable for existing sites only; it
should be clearly identified and available for
everyone to use; using a service entrance as the
only point of access for people with disabilities is
unacceptable
Ensures any manual doors are easy to open with
minimal force; hardware is accessible (one-hand
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 91
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
operation, and no grasping, pinching or twisting)
and at an accessible height and location; large D-
handles are easy to use for people with mobility
impairments
Ensures door provides clear visibility (e.g.,
tempered clear or frosted glass, vision panels),
allowing people to see if someone is approaching
from either side and reassuring them the area is
safe
Provides change of floor surface at approach of
self-activating doors
Provides multiple doors to allow choice
Provides concierge services
Note: Manual revolving doors, gates and
turnstiles are not accessible and cannot be part
of accessible routes. If automated revolving
doors are provided at the accessible entrance,
then they must be accompanied by an associated
accessible door.
2.4.2 Entrance is easily identified 5
N/A only if purpose of facility dictates privacy
Minimum requirements:
Ensures entrance is easy to locate
Ensures entrance is identified from rest of site via
colour, architectural element, flags or change in
surface texture
Ensures entrance doors visually contrast with
adjacent surfaces
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 92
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures the address of site is clearly visible
Provides clear signage
Ensures the location of route(s) to the site are
clearly obvious
Uses artificial lighting to highlight the entrance at
night
If main entrance is not accessible, provides
appropriate signs indicating the location of the
nearest accessible entrance
Maximum points:
Adds distinct audio or olfactory wayfinding clues,
such as a small fountain or aromatic plants, to
assist people who are blind or have low vision
2.4.3 Power-operated door or open entry 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures door edges are marked in high-contrast
colour
Provides adequate space between doors installed
in a series, preventing interference from adjacent
doors (e.g., door swing) and facilitating traffic
flow
Maximum requirements:
Ensures the power-operated door is controlled
with a motion-detector actuator or other hands-
free device
2.4.4 Sufficient opening time (power-operated door) 4
N/A only if not a power-operated door
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 93
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures sufficient time for slow-moving people
Takes at least three seconds to move from a
closed to fully open position
Ensures door remains fully open for a sufficient
length of time (at least five seconds) to allow all
site users to safely enter or exit the site
2.4.5 Controls for manually activated power-operated
doors are convenient, clearly identified and easy to
use
4
N/A only if motion sensor present or not power
operated
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures entrance devices (e.g., push pads and
card swipes) for automated doors are located at
accessible height and position
Ensures controls are located on latch side of door
and outside of door swing
Ensures controls are operable with one hand and
without tight grasping, pinching or twisting
Provides clear space for approach
Ensures all devices contrast visually with
surrounding surfaces
Provides clear instructions in visual and tactile
format
Ensures door entry controls or intercom systems
are clear of obstructions
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 94
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.4.6 Clear width of entry 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Allows all site users to easily enter or exit the site
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
2.4.7 Level landing at entrance 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures a flat, clear space at entry
2.4.8 Level threshold 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures a raised threshold is a maximum of 13
mm and is bevelled, ramped or rounded
Maximum points:
Ensures threshold is flush with the external
ground surface and internal floor finish
Provides trench drain to prevent slippage
Ensures entry mat is recessed in a mat well and is
high contrast
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 95
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.4.9 Clear space on exterior and interior of door 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear space for access and manoeuvring
on both sides of the entrance with extra space on
the (pull) handle side
Provides safe unobstructed clearance from door
swing
Provides a level, clear, slip resistant landing as a
safe space for all site users to wait, enter and exit
the site; people using wheelchairs or scooters, or
with service dogs and strollers have adequate
space to manoeuvre and turn
Ensures security bollards and screening devices
(e.g., metal detectors) do not obstruct accessible
routes and pathways or accessible means of
egress
Ensures doors when opened do not project into
any adjacent access route
If doors are located near a stairway or a ramp,
ensures they are positioned to avoid the risk of
anyone falling backwards while opening the door
2.4.10 Well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 3
N/A only if no power or policy is for day use only
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Maximum points:
Ensures light levels are approximately 25% higher
than code minimum — 125 lux and higher
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 96
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.4.11 Outward-opening doors have marked swing path or
are protected
2
N/A only if there are no hinged doors
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides a door swing path marking to show
people how far out the door will open, allowing
people to move safely out of the way
2.4.12 Emergency power or fail-safe systems on automatic
doors
2
This feature allows for exit through power-operated
door in an emergency when the power is out
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures doors incorporate a safety stop that is
activated if doors start to close as a person is
passing through
Ensures doors revert to manual control in the
open position in the event of a power failure
Provides a break-out opening on automated
sliding doors lacking standby power or that do
not stay open when power is off
Ensures safety sensors are responsive to all users,
including young children
Ensures emergency-opening device is clearly
visible, can be accessed immediately, and has a
fast response time
Ensures door lock release is at accessible height
and is clearly identifiable
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 97
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.4.13 Glazed doors have colour-contrasted strip or
markings
3
N/A only if there aren’t any glazed (glass) doors
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Incorporates visually contrasting markings,
preferably at two levels, on all glazed doors,
including at eye level, for safety and visibility
Highlights edges of frameless glass doors clearly
so they are easily identified when open and
closed; visually contrasting strips can be used
Ensures any full-length glass doors are
permanently marked in high-contrast colour at
eye level for safety and visibility
2.4.14 Door security and entry system is accessible, easy
to use, has sufficient lock release time
5
N/A only if there aren’t any door security or entry
systems
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures door entry system, which may include a
two-way communication system, is located in a
convenient spot for all users, has clear space for
people using wheeled mobility devices, and is
easy to use and equipped with visual and audible
signals
Ensures security panels are proximity (non-touch)
type
Incorporates induction loops into two-way
communication
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 98
2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE
Maximum Score: 67 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
2.4.15 Door security and entry system is easily identified
and conveniently located
5
N/A only if there aren’t any door security or entry
systems
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures security and entry system is located at
accessible height and position
Ensures controls are located on latch side of door
and outside of door swing
Provides clear space for approach
Ensures all devices contrast visually with
surrounding surfaces
2.4.16 Seating 3
N/A only if there is no safe space for seating
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures seating has backrest and kick space and
is colour contrasted with surroundings
Seating is preferably under a shelter so seniors or
people with mobility disabilities or low vision
have a comfortable place to wait
2.4.17 Shelter 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures shelter is provided for weather
protection (i.e., a recessed entrance door,
awning or architectural element)
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 99
Figure 26: Guards and marked swing path at outward opening door (measurements in mm)
A preventable accident
This young boy broke his arm when a set of automatic sliding glass doors at an
assisted living facility closed on his arm. This could have been avoided if the safety
sensors on the doors had been properly adjusted.
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 100
Figure 27: Boy broke his arm in automatic sliding door when sensors failed to activate
2.5 Ideas for Innovation
Innovative ideas to improve the exterior approach and entrance to a facility
include:
A foot-activated push pad allowing people with restricted hand functions to
open automatic doors.
A dog relief area located adjacent to a main access route. The use of service
dogs, including guide dogs, hearing dogs and seizure dogs, is steadily
increasing. Incorporating a relief station into landscape plans considers the
dogs’ needs and makes it easier for owners to respond when nature calls.
Innovative renovations. An example is the main library at Queen’s
University in Kingston, Ontario (below). A new accessible main entrance (on
the left) was built to replace the original inaccessible entrance (on the
right). The new entrance is at street level and has both automated doors
and plenty of coverage for protection from the elements. The original
entrance was stepped with a heavy manual wooden door with minimal
recess for weather protection.
Landscaping adjacent to the pathway should support Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design (CPTED), which is a multi-disciplinary
approach to deterring crime. Landscaping should not include any potential
Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 101
hiding spots or danger zones via thick bushes, hedges or foliage that could
expose vulnerable people to attack.
Figure 28: Example of an innovative accessible entrance at Queen’s University, Kingston Source: 2017 Google
Interior Circulation Page 102
3 Interior Circulation
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary
Facilities)
59
3.2 Path of Travel 19
3.3 Corridors and Hallways 26
3.4 Interior Ramps 33
3.5 Elevators 58
3.6 Interior Stairs 37
3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways 12
3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts 32
Total Maximum Score 276
Description
The interior circulation refers to all of the elements allowing people to move
throughout a site and access its key facilities. Circulation routes are designed to
optimize the flow of people within and between floors — horizontally and
vertically. Interior circulation consists of the walkways, open-plan areas, hallways
and doors connecting the facilities on each level as well as the various structures
and devices people use to move between levels, such as ramps, stairways,
elevators, escalators and platform lifts.
In terms of accessibility, the layout of these elements should be logical, clear and
as direct as possible. Travel distances should be minimized and level changes
within a storey should be avoided where possible. Access routes should be well
maintained and free of any obstructions. The cane used by people who are blind
or have low vision can normally detect obstructions within 680 mm of the floor.
Interior Circulation Page 103
Obstructions above this height would not normally be detected and can create a
hazard if they project more than 100 mm into the path of travel.
In some situations, incorporating handrails and regular seating may be helpful.
Seating may be provided in adjacent spaces along the path of travel, as long as it
is visible and in close proximity to the path of travel. Seating should be located
within areas where users are likely to be standing for longer periods of time (e.g.,
security entry, pick-up/drop-off zones).
3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary Facilities)
Doors, by their very nature, act as barriers and can have a significant influence on
accessibility. In some situations, conventional doors may not be necessary at all.
Instead, privacy may be achieved through the careful placement of walls and
screens.
Doors come in various shapes, sizes, types, modes of operation, and
configurations. The main types of doors are sliding, swinging, revolving and
folding. There are two modes of operation: manual and power assisted. Power-
assisted doors can be automatically activated or manually activated. The most
suitable type of door arrangement will depend on the nature of the site, the
frequency of use, the available space, and security requirements.
The easiest way to access a facility is through power-assisted doors. These types
of doors are typically used at an entrance or in high-traffic areas within a site.
Power-assisted doors should ideally slide aside rather than swing in or out, as
door swing creates a barrier and requires the need for additional manoeuvring
space on either side of the door.
Doors may be single and stand-alone or, depending on the nature and size of the
site, they may be configured in series.
Interior Circulation Page 104
Manual swing doors are generally found in low-traffic areas, such as at individual
rooms or emergency exits. For a manual swing door, more space is required for
manoeuvring on the pull side of the door than on the push side — it is easier to
push a door open than to pull it open. A swing door may be influenced by fire
code. Here are some general factors to consider when assessing swing (hinged)
doors:
Those leading into rooms should generally open into the room, as any
opening outward into the main circulation route present a hazard to site
users. Inward-opening doors should be installed to open against a side wall.
The direction in which doors open into rooms should be consistent
throughout a site.
If outward-opening doors are necessary (e.g., for emergency evacuation),
they should be protected with a door recess, guardrail or swing path
indicated on the floor.
Those opening onto landings of ramps or stairs should not interfere with
the required clear space.
They should never open directly onto ramps.
Revolving doors should be avoided, as they are not accessible for many and can
be hazardous. Wherever revolving doors exist, there should always be a fully
accessible alternative available.
If turnstiles are required, but are not accessible, an adjacent accessible gate
should accompany them. The gate should be easy to identify and marked with the
International Symbol of Access.
Some entrances to sites and some interior doors require controlled access for
security reasons. In residential sites, controlled access security both at the
entrance and throughout the site is important. Any electronic entry systems (e.g.,
keypads, proximity readers, card swipes, locks and intercoms) should be
accessible for all site users, including people with hearing and vision disabilities.
Interior Circulation Page 105
The systems need to be clearly visible, within reach, and easy to understand and
operate.
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.1.1 Power-operated door or open entry (if required for
easy circulation)
5
N/A only if there is no expected requirement for a
power-operated door, such as a small office suite or
shop
Minimum requirements:
Ensures door edges are marked in high-contrast
colour
Maximum requirements:
Ensures the power-operated door operates
independently of users and is controlled with a
motion-detector actuator or other hands-free
device
Gives both audible and visual warnings when
doors swing open towards the user
3.1.2 Sufficient opening time (for power-operated door,
and includes open entry)
4
N/A only if there is no power-operated door or open
entry
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Is sufficient for people who are slow moving
Takes at least three seconds to move from a
closed to a fully open position
Interior Circulation Page 106
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Remains fully open for a sufficient length of time
to allow all site users to safely enter or exit the
site — at least five seconds
3.1.3 Controls for manually activated power-operated
doors are convenient, clearly identified and easy to
use
3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures controls are within reach and clear of
door swing
Ensures controls have clear signage so that mode
of operation is obvious to all site users (e.g.,
sliding or swing doors)
Ensures a push pad or button, or a card swipe
device is wall- or post-mounted in an accessible
height and position
Ensures people do not have to manoeuvre
backwards or clear of the door swing after
activation of the door control device
Ensures control is operable with one hand and
without tight grasping, pinching or twisting
If swing (hinged) door is used, ensures control is
on latch side (handle side) and outside of door
swing
If sliding doors are used, ensures operational
devices are exposed and usable from both sides
when in a fully open position
Ensures doors can be locked or unlocked easily
(e.g., key pads are at accessible height or keys are
easy to use), if applicable
Interior Circulation Page 107
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Maximum points:
Uses round operating door control button, which
is preferred to rectangular controls
Uses universal “Open Door” text (instead of
disabled symbol), which does not segregate and
label users
3.1.4 Minimum force required to open doors with
sufficient opening time
5
N/A only if there are doorways, but no doors; power-
operated doors should receive these points
Minimum requirements:
If manual door, ensures it is easy to open with
minimal force (e.g., low friction hinges or light
weight door)
Ensures the force applied at the handle, push
plate, or latch-releasing device does not exceed
22 N (5 lbf.) for interior doors
Unless otherwise mandated by specific fire code
requirements, ensures self-closing doors are
equipped with automated delayed-action closers;
while delayed-action closers are required for
many types of rooms in public sites, they are not
recommended for offices, lunch rooms and
storage rooms
Ensures the effort needed to overcome the
resistance of the door closer is low enough to
Interior Circulation Page 108
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
allow people with disabilities to pass through
with reasonable ease
Ensures delayed-action door closers allow the
door to remain open long enough so that all
users can pass through; the closing period is not
less than three seconds — this is measured from
the door in an open position of 70° to the
doorway, to a point 75 mm from the closed
position, measured from the leading edge of the
latch side of the door
3.1.5 Clear width 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
Provides swing (hinged) door opening fully to 90°
and door handles that do not obstruct the clear
width
3.1.6 Level threshold 5
Minimum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 109
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures a raised threshold is a maximum of 13
mm and is bevelled, ramped or rounded
Maximum points:
Ensures threshold is flush with floor surface
3.1.7 Clear space on outside and inside of door 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear and level space for access and
manoeuvring on both sides of the doorway
For a manually operated swing door, ensures a
person in a wheelchair or with a service animal
can approach the door, activate the door handle,
swing the door open, and pass through the door
with ease; more space is required for
manoeuvring on the pull side of the door (door
swings into this space) than on the push side
3.1.8 Door handles are U-shaped lever style or
equivalent
4
N/A only if there isn’t a door or door hardware
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses lever handles or equivalent, as they are
more convenient for everyone
Ensures door handles, pulls, latches, locks and
other operational devices are operable with one
hand, using minimal force, and not requiring fine
finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or
twisting of the wrist; conventional round
doorknobs should not be used in public sites
Interior Circulation Page 110
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures levers return to the door surface or are
otherwise designed so they do not catch clothing
or other objects
Ensures handles contrast visually with the door
3.1.9 Doors are colour contrasted with adjacent surfaces 3
N/A only if there isn’t a door
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures doors are easy to identify relative to the
adjacent surfaces by using contrasting colour, a
different texture, or a distinctive decorative
feature
3.1.10 Glazed doors have colour-contrasted strip or
markings
3
N/A only if there aren't any glazed (glass) doors
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Is marked in permanent, high-contrast colour, if
door is mainly glass, at least at eye level, for
safety and visibility
Clearly highlights edges of frameless glass doors
so they are easily identified when open and
closed; visually contrasting strips can be used
3.1.11 Emergency power or fail-safe systems on automatic
doors on emergency exit route
2
This feature allows for exit through power-operated
door in an emergency when the power is out
Interior Circulation Page 111
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum requirements:
Ensures emergency-opening device is clearly
visible and can be accessed immediately with fast
response time
If sliding doors are used, ensures operational
devices are exposed and usable from both sides
when in a fully open position
Provides a manual break-out opening on
automated sliding doors lacking standby power
or doors do not stay open when power is off
Ensures safety sensors that open doors instantly
are responsive to all users
Ensures emergency override instructions are
posted and clearly visible
Maximum points:
Ensures a fail-safe system automatically opens
doors when fire alarm is activated
3.1.12 Accessible gate with clear signage adjacent to any
turnstile
3
N/A only if there isn't a turnstile
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Where turnstiles are required, ensures they are
accessible
If the turnstiles are not accessible, ensures they
are accompanied by an accessible gate
immediately adjacent to the turnstiles
Interior Circulation Page 112
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides clear width that allows easy movement
of all users. To accommodate persons using a
wheeled mobility device or crutches, the
recommended clear width is at least 800 mm
(minimum), but is ideally at least 915 mm.
Ensures the gate is easy to identify (colour
contrasted with surrounding surfaces) and
marked with the International Symbol of Access
3.1.13 Kickplates on doors 2
N/A only if there is no door or if it is not in the
expected style, such as a glass door
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures kickplates are installed on lower part of
push side of manual doors to protect the door
from possible damage from wheelchair
footplates
Ensures plates extend the full width of the door
and are of appropriate height
3.1.14 Outward-opening doors have swing path marked or
protected
2
N/A only if there is no swing door or it is not in path
of travel
Minimum/maximum requirement
Ensures outward-opening doors do not interfere
with path of travel
Interior Circulation Page 113
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Has a clearly identified door swing, where hinged
doors open into route of travel, with cane-
detectable guardrails or protective barriers
3.1.15 Door security and entry system is accessible, easy
to use and has sufficient opening time
5
N/A only if there aren't any door security or entry
systems
Minimum requirements:
Ensures entry system is located on latch side of
door and adjacent to door handle
Ensures entry system is within reach of all users,
and close to door frame
Positions entry system to suit both people who
are standing and people who are using the
system in a wheelchair or from a seated position
Ensures security or entry system is well out of the
swing path of the entry door and alongside the
power door opener (if provided)
Maximum points:
Has proximity reader not requiring swipe or
physical touch
3.1.16 Door security and entry system is easily identified
and conveniently located
5
N/A only if there aren't any door security or entry
systems
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 114
3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS
(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)
Maximum Score: 59 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures the device contrasts visually with the
adjacent surface
Ensures the security gate or entrance contrasts
visually with surrounding surfaces
Ensures keypad entry systems have raised
buttons easily located by touch; buttons contrast
visually with adjacent surface and have raised
symbols, numbers or letters arranged in a logical
order
Ensures doorbells and call buttons give visual and
audible indication of their operation
Ensures security gate is clearly identified with
International Symbol of Access
Ensures intercom/two-way communication
systems are supplemented with a text display
Figure 29: Interior door with accessible handle and good contrast with surrounding surface
Interior Circulation Page 115
Figure 30: Clear opening width of doorway (measurements in mm)
FACE OF
STOP
SWING-
CLEAR
HINGES
810 MIN
(B)
STANDARD
HINGES
DOOR
JAMB
810 MIN
FACE OF
DOOR(A)
CLEAR OPENING WIDTH OF DOORWAY
810 MIN
SLIDING DOOR
(D)
STANDARD
HINGES
DOOR
JAMB
810 MIN
FACE OF
PANIC
BAR
PANIC
BAR
(C)
CLEAR OPENING WIDTH OF DOORWAY
Interior Circulation Page 116
Figure 31: Acceptable door handles
(A) ACCEPTABLE
PUSH PLATE/DOOR PULLLEVER HANDLES
KNOB HANDLESTHUMB-LATCH HANDLES
(B) NOT ACCEPTABLE
Interior Circulation Page 117
Figure 32: Recommended clear width for turnstiles or access gates (measurements in mm)
3.2 Path of Travel
A site should have a logical and direct path of travel, ensuring all users are able to
easily locate and access key facilities. The path should be free of obstructions,
with minimal floor level changes. Where a change in floor level exists, a ramp
should be provided to ease the transition.
3.2 PATH OF TRAVEL
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.2.1 No level changes within a storey or single floor 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures changes in level are not abrupt and are
mitigated using a ramp, passenger lift, etc.
Interior Circulation Page 118
3.2 PATH OF TRAVEL
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Maximum points:
Ensures there are no changes in level on a single
floor
3.2.2 Access to all facilities expected to be used 5
Access should include public and staff if typically
expected to be used by both or either
Minimum requirement:
Features an accessible path of travel to all
commonly used facilities on all levels
Maximum requirement:
Ensures an accessible path of travel is available to
all facilities on all levels
3.2.3 Layout is logical and direct 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures arrangement of access routes to key
facilities is logical, understandable, usable and
direct
Ensures circulation routes are clear and easy to
follow
3.2.4 No obstructions 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures any projections, such as columns or wall-
mounted items (e.g., drinking fountains, display
cases), are adequately guarded, visually
highlighted, and colour contrasted with the
surrounding surfaces, as well as cane detectable
for people who are blind or have low vision
Interior Circulation Page 119
3.2 PATH OF TRAVEL
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures travel path is well maintained and free of
obstacles
Ensures path has minimum clear headroom and
that minimum clear width is not reduced by
protruding fixed objects
Ensures windows or doors do not open into
circulation routes, creating an obstruction or
reducing the width of the pathway or hallway
Ensures outward-opening doors, such as doors to
accessible washrooms, are recessed
Ensures plants or furniture do not impact
adequate clear width
Ensures items such as fire extinguishers are
recessed, if possible
3.2.5 Open-plan areas are well defined and include tactile
direction indicators
3
N/A only if there is no significantly sized open-plan
space
Minimum requirements:
Provides floor surfaces that are colour-contrasted
with surrounding surfaces
Uses a change in texture or different types of floor
surfaces to define different areas
Ensures furniture is appropriately placed
Interior Circulation Page 120
3.3 Corridors and Hallways
Hallways need to be wide enough to easily accommodate people moving in both
directions. They should be well illuminated with colour-contrasted, non-glare
surfaces, and be free of obstacles. If a hallway is long, recessed seating and
handrails should be incorporated. Carpeting, if used, needs to be low pile and
high density, in a light colour or with only slight patterning.
3.3 CORRIDORS AND HALLWAYS
Maximum Score: 26 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.3.1 Clear width 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people, depending
on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
Provides passing areas within sight of one another
or at reasonable intervals if hallway is not wide
enough; passing places are also useful at hallway
junctions, at the top of ramps, and at the end of
passageways
Provide adequate turning radius for people using
wheelchairs or scooters; people need to be able to
turn around within a corridor, particularly when
the corridor is long
Interior Circulation Page 121
3.3 CORRIDORS AND HALLWAYS
Maximum Score: 26 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures minimal sharp 90° corners; rounded
corners or corners that allow people to see others
approaching are helpful for people who are deaf
or hard of hearing
Provides clear headroom space across the entire
width and length of the hallway
3.3.2 Surface is stable, firm and slip resistant 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.3.3 Handrails are incorporated into both sides (if long
hallway)
3
Maximum/minimum requirements:
Offers accessible handrails to provide support,
balance, and directional guidance
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.3.4 Colour contrasted between wall and floor, with no
glare
3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.3.5 No obstructions 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures any projections, such as columns or wall-
mounted items (e.g., drinking fountains, display
cases), are adequately guarded, visually
highlighted, and colour contrasted with the
surrounding surfaces, and are cane-detectable for
people with low vision
Is well maintained and free of obstacles
Interior Circulation Page 122
3.3 CORRIDORS AND HALLWAYS
Maximum Score: 26 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures minimum clear headroom and minimum
clear width are not reduced by protruding fixed
objects
Ensures windows or doors do not open into
circulation routes, creating an obstruction or
reducing width of pathway or hallway
Ensures outward-opening doors, such as doors to
accessible washrooms, are recessed
Ensures plants or furniture do not impact
adequate clear width
Ensures items such as fire extinguishers are
recessed, if possible
3.3.6 No strongly patterned carpet or flooring 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has plain, light-coloured flooring or simple-
patterned flooring; strong patterns, such as stripes
and checks, can create confusion for people with
low vision, while solid, dark colours can create a
“bottomless pit” effect
3.3.7 Glazed walls have colour-contrasted strip 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Incorporates visually contrasting markings along
wall surface, preferably at standard eye level, for
safety and visibility
3.3.8 Well illuminated 2
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.3.9 Seating is provided at regular intervals (if long
hallway)
2
Minimum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 123
3.3 CORRIDORS AND HALLWAYS
Maximum Score: 26 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides direct, unobstructed access to seating
Ensures seating is located on a level area and does
not obstruct circulation routes
Is clearly signed/identified
Contrasts visually with surrounding surfaces
Incorporates clear spaces for people using
wheelchairs, scooters, or strollers so they can sit
alongside one another and with their companions
Offers a variety of seating options to suit different
people, such as seats with and without armrests,
seats with backrests, and fixed and movable seats
Has seats of the same style positioned or linked in
a row (e.g., all with armrests or all without); a
mixture of seat styles in a single row can cause
confusion for persons with low vision
Provides seating at regular intervals along/close to
a hallway to allow people to rest; seats do not
obstruct the clear width of the hallway
Maximum points (all types of facilities):
Provides back support and at least one armrest
Provides adequate kick space to allow people to
easily stand up
Has clearly visible resting area identified with a
change in surface materials (i.e., texture and
colour)
Interior Circulation Page 124
Figure 33: Width of interior accessible routes (measurements in mm)
3.4 Interior Ramps
Ramps are often used as an effective means of overcoming changes in elevation
in a site — within a storey, or in larger facilities, such as airport terminals or
shopping centres, from one storey to another. Where a ramp is provided, there
should always be a stepped alternative. In many situations, there will also be an
elevator, escalator or passenger lift.
Ramps are generally safer than stairs, as people are less likely to trip on a ramp.
They also benefit people using wheelchairs or scooters and people pushing
strollers or luggage.
Interior ramps should not have a gradient exceeding 5% (1:20). A maximum rise of
450 mm between landings and a maximum ramp length of 9,000 mm is
recommended. [Note: As the recommended slope is gentler than the minimum
required by code (8.3% (1:12) or less), the length of the ramp will be greater.]
Long ramps with a significant change in elevation should be avoided, as some
people find them difficult to use. Alternatives, such as an elevator or escalator,
may be suitable for some locations.
920 MIN
810 MIN
(A)
600
MIN
1500 MIN
(B)
WIDTH OF INTERIOR ACCESSIBLE ROUTES
Interior Circulation Page 125
Ramps should provide adequate width to accommodate the expected number of
users, including people using wheelchairs or scooters. To ensure safety, they
should be equipped with accessible handrails or edge protection and good
illumination. Surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. Level landings are
required at both the top and bottom of each run, between runs, and wherever a
ramp changes direction.
Ramps can have one of the following configurations:
Straight run
90° turn
Switchback or 180° turn
Circular or curved ramps are not recommended. As well, ramps within stairs (S-
ramps) can be hazardous to people who are blind or have low vision, people with
mobility disabilities, and people using walking aids.
3.4 INTERIOR RAMPS
Maximum Score: 33 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.4.1 Slope 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.4.2 Clear width 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people, depending
on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
Interior Circulation Page 126
3.4 INTERIOR RAMPS
Maximum Score: 33 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.4.3 Surface is stable, firm and slip resistant 4
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.4.4 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides landings at top and bottom of each run
Provides intermediate landings between runs and
where ramps change direction, for resting,
manoeuvring, and avoiding excessive speed
Provides adequate turning space for people using
wheelchairs or mobility aids, people with strollers,
or people with service dogs
3.4.5 Handrails 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section
3.4.6 Edge protection 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures curbs or protective barriers (e.g., raised
barrier or rail) are on both sides of ramp and on
landings to prevent wheelchair casters or crutch
tips from slipping off edge
Ensures edge protection contrasts visually with
ramp surface
3.4.7 Easy to find 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures ramp is in an obvious location
Provides signage using universal symbol or
pictogram for a ramp
Ensures directional signage locates the ramp’s
position
Interior Circulation Page 127
3.4 INTERIOR RAMPS
Maximum Score: 33 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.4.8 Colour-contrasted and slip-resistant strip 4
Maximum points:
Ensures ramp surfaces contrast visually with
landing surfaces to highlight change in plane to
people with low vision
Ensures top and bottom landings have colour-
contrasted strip
Important: Ensures tactile attention indicators,
such as truncated domes, are not used on ramps
as they are not designed for this purpose
3.4.9 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum Requirement:
Illuminates ramp and landing surfaces so they can
be used safely at any time
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.5 Elevators
A passenger elevator is often the preferred method of travel between floors in a
site. Elevators should be located adjacent to an accessible stairway to offer an
alternative means of access and should serve all levels of a site available to the
public. Furthermore, all facilities on the floors served by the elevator should be
accessible (e.g., kitchen, offices and washrooms). When more than one elevator is
provided in a site, each should be accessible.
If a passenger elevator is not possible due to structural or other constraints, then
a vertical platform lift, or another type of suitable elevating device, such as a
limited use/limited application elevator (LULA), may be used. Using a freight or
service elevator to transport people with disabilities is unacceptable from both a
Interior Circulation Page 128
human rights and a Universal Design perspective, as it segregates people with
disabilities.
The floor of the elevator should be firm and slip resistant, permitting wheelchairs
and scooters to move easily. A soft under-cushion in combination with a thick or
long-pile carpet makes manoeuvring difficult for people using wheelchairs or
scooters. If carpeting is used, it should be low pile and high density.
There should be as much available floor space in the elevator as possible, as
elevator use is expected to steadily increase as the population ages.
Elevators designed with front and back doors (flow-through design) are helpful, as
they eliminate the need for users to turn around to exit. This is particularly useful
during crowded conditions for people with mobility and vision disabilities. Where
flow-through designs are not appropriate and the elevator has a single door, a
mirror extending across the width of the elevator should be provided on the rear
wall. This allows people to see what is behind them if they need to reverse out of
the elevator, like a rear-view mirror in a car, and protects their personal safety.
As standard elevators are not designed for use in fire conditions, suitable
alternatives for evacuation of people with disabilities should be available (e.g.,
evacuation chairs). In new sites, installing a specialized elevator that can be used
in an evacuation in the case of fire or other emergency should be considered.
Elevators should also provide emergency communications, preferably a hands-
free two-way communication or intercom system.
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.5.1 Easy to find 3
Interior Circulation Page 129
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum requirements:
Ensures elevator locations are clearly indicated
by directional signage located throughout the
facility — from the entrance(s) or other key areas
within the site on each floor level
Provides a sign at the elevator location using the
appropriate international symbols
Ensures elevators are identified by the
international symbol in pictograph and tactile
form mounted 1,000–1,200 mm above the
finished floor (AFF) and within 1,000 mm of the
left side of the elevator door
Maximum points:
Uses blade-type signage to assist in wayfinding
Uses an audible location indicator (e.g., locating
tones)
3.5.2 Clear space in front of hall controls in elevator
lobbies
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Allows all users to approach and reach call
buttons with ease
3.5.3 Hall controls are accessible and at accessible height
and location
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all controls are at an accessible height
and position for all users (e.g., many people in
wheelchairs do not have full use of their arms);
Interior Circulation Page 130
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
makes every effort to keep the highest controls
at approximately 1,100 mm above the floor
3.5.4 Clear width of door 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width to access elevator
for people using wheelchairs or scooters, and/or
people accompanied by companions or service
dogs
3.5.5 Opening time 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures doors remain fully open for a sufficient
length of time (at least five or six seconds),
allowing users to enter and exit the elevator
without interruption; door-opening or door-
closing buttons can be used to alter the time for
each
3.5.6 Handrails 4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures handrails are installed at an accessible
height on all interior walls, except on the door
side, to provide support to people who are
unsteady on their feet or who are anxious about
riding an elevator
Ensures handrails stop where they meet the
control panel
Maximum points:
Interior Circulation Page 131
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides a flip-up seat for people who are
unsteady on their feet or who have limited
stamina
3.5.7 Controls inside elevator cab at accessible height
and location
4
N/A only if controls are not in elevator cab
Minimum requirements:
Ensures all controls and emergency
communications are accessible
Ensures all control panel buttons are at an
accessible height and position for all users; many
people in wheelchairs do not have full use of
their arms, and every effort should be made to
keep all controls at approximately 900–1,100
mm above the floor
Ensures, if the control panel is mounted on the
front wall (return panel), it should be placed as
far as possible from the side wall, or it will be
difficult to reach
Maximum points:
Provides a convenient side-wall-mounted control
panel, allowing people using wheelchairs or
walking aids to access the controls without
turning around, leaning forward or twisting
around backwards, risking a fall
Arranges buttons vertically (preferred) to give a
direct functional correlation to the direction of
travel
Interior Circulation Page 132
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Where two control panels are installed, the most
appropriate configuration is to have one placed
on the front return panel and the other on the
wall located on the opposite side of the elevator
3.5.8 Cab controls and/or hall controls include Braille
and tactile characters, and are easy to use
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures control panel buttons and call buttons
are raised so they can be operated with minimal
force; flush or recessed buttons are not
recommended because they are generally not
usable for people with little or no use of their
fingers
Supplements control buttons with tactile
characters (numbers or symbols) that can be
read by touch, with an ideal combination of
large, embossed, raised characters and Braille
text; many people who are blind or have low
vision cannot read Braille but can readily identify
raised markings
Positions tactile characters adjacent to and on
the left of the controls
Ensures tactile characters and control buttons
visually contrast with the adjacent surfaces
3.5.9 Interior dimensions 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures size and capacity is appropriate for site
type and occupancy
Provides adequate manoeuvring and turning
space for people using wheelchairs or scooters,
Interior Circulation Page 133
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
people with strollers or luggage, or those with
service animals; people should not have to
reverse out of the elevator
Maximum points:
Consistent for all floors; provides flow-through
design with doors on opposite sides of the
elevator car allowing one-way travel (i.e., no
need to turn around or reverse in the elevator)
3.5.10 Automatic verbal announcements of floor levels 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an audible call inside the elevator
identifies the floor level when the elevator is
passing or stops at a landing; synthesized voice
floor callers announcing the direction and
destination of the elevator are extremely useful
to all users, particularly seniors and people who
are blind or have low vision
3.5.11 Audio and visual identification of operation 2
Minimum requirements:
Provides an audio and visual indication of
elevator operation (e.g., the elevator is
answering a call, has arrived or has stopped, the
doors are opening or closing, the current floor
position, and the direction of travel)
Ensures button illuminates and emits an audible
signal when pressed
Maximum points:
Interior Circulation Page 134
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures high-contrast colours are used for the
visual floor indicator inside the elevator
3.5.12 Self-levelling and level threshold 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the elevator has a two-way automatic
floor levelling device, which brings the elevator
to a stop so the elevator floor is flush with the
finished floor level of each landing
3.5.13 Interior is colour contrasted between wall and floor 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures the interior cabin floor and walls are
colour contrasted to help people with low vision
assess the size and shape of the elevator’s
interior
Ensures the elevator sill at each door entrance is
colour- contrasted with the opposite floor finish
Ensures wall and floor surfaces have a matte
finish to minimize potential glare and reflection
Maximum points:
Ensures interior cabin floor is a light colour and
walls are dark; dark floors in an elevator can be
confusing for people with low vision, as they may
think they are stepping into an open shaft
3.5.14 Doors are colour contrasted with surroundings 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures doors contrast visually with adjacent wall
surfaces
Ensures any areas of glass incorporate
permanent markings at two levels that visually
Interior Circulation Page 135
3.5 ELEVATORS
Maximum Score: 58 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
contrast to the background surfaces; markings
should be apparent to people from a range of
different eye levels
3.5.15 Well illuminated cab interior and wait area in hall 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.5.16 Mirror in rear of elevator cab (if not flow-through
type)
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Mirror extends from 900 mm AFF to ceiling level;
full height mirrors should be avoided, as they can
make the wall appear as a corridor, causing
people to walk into it
Ensures mirror is constructed of safety glass
3.5.17 Door reopening device 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides an automatic, non-contact door
reopener preventing the door from closing on a
person or object; there should be no physical
contact between the door and the person or
object
Ensures the device causes the door to stay open
or to reopen automatically
3.6 Interior Stairs
Stairs are inherently hazardous. They need to be well dimensioned to provide a
stable footing and to ensure the safety and comfort of all users. They should be
equipped with accessible handrails and tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs),
and kept clear of all obstacles.
Interior Circulation Page 136
Interior stairs should be provided in conjunction with an elevator to offer choice.
Where possible, elevators should be located adjacent to an associated set of
stairs.
Stair dimensions should be uniform and consistent throughout a flight of stairs.
Circular stairs and stairs with tapered treads should be avoided, as anyone can
find them difficult to navigate.
3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 37 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.6.1 Clear width 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or people with companions or
service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
3.6.2 Tread is firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures treads and landings have a slip-resistant
finish or have slip-resistant strips
Ensures carpeting is used only on the tread (top
of step) but is not used continuously over the
nosing and throughout the flight of stairs
Interior Circulation Page 137
3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 37 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.6.3 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
3
Minimum requirements:
Provides a landing at the top and bottom of each
flight of stairs
If more than one flight is required, provides
landings between each flight, ensuring the
number of steps in each flight is the same; the
maximum total rise for a flight of stairs is 1,800
mm, and the maximum number of steps is 12
Maximum points:
Ensures landing surface is colour contrasted with
stairs
3.6.4 Handrails 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides continuous handrails on both sides
Ensures the centre handrail is continuous where
multi-flight stairs are present
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
3.6.5 Tactile attention indicators at top 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has tactile attention indicators placed at the top
of the stairs to notify people with low vision
Ensures material is contrasting in colour with the
surrounding surface material and of a different
texture
Interior Circulation Page 138
3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 37 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Uses floor finishes that contrast both visually and
audibly (surface sounds different from adjacent
surface when walked on)
Extends indicators the full width of the stairs and
for sufficient length in the direction of travel to
provide adequate warning to people with low
vision
Ensures indicators are used on an intermediate
landing only if it meets with another path of
travel or circulation route; if it does not join with
another route, ensures no tactile attention
indicators are used
Note: Stairs intended primarily for emergency
egress do not require tactile attention indicators
3.6.6 Colour-contrasted strip on nosing 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures each step edge has strip that colour
contrasts with the tread to visually highlight the
step edge and improve depth perception
Ensures each contrasting strip extends the full
width of the step and is of adequate width
(approximately 50 mm wide)
Ensures each contrasting strip wraps around
nosing and continues down the riser so that it is
visible when both ascending and descending the
stairs
3.6.7 Riser height and tread depth 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 139
3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 37 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures steps are consistent throughout with
uniform riser heights and tread depths;
inconsistencies in rise or tread depth can create
tripping hazards
Provides adequate dimensions to ensure safe
footing for all users
Ensures angle of riser face is greater than 60°
3.6.8 No open riser 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all step risers are closed and opaque;
open risers can be tripping hazards, a source of
visual confusion, or disconcerting; [Note: People
who wear leg braces or prosthetic devices need a
solid riser to guide the foot up the riser and over
the nosing to the next step; those who use canes
or crutches place them against the riser of the
next step in order to maintain balance.]
3.6.9 Nosing design 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures nosing is flush with riser
Ensures, where projecting nosings are used, they
do not have sharp or abrupt edges or an
underside that prevents a foot from sliding up
the riser and that may cause tripping; projecting
nosings must be rounded or bevelled
Ensures projecting nosings are sloped to the riser
at an angle greater than 60° to the horizontal
3.6.10 No strongly patterned carpet or flooring 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 140
3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 37 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Has plain, light–coloured flooring or simple-
patterned flooring; strong patterns, such as
stripes and checks, can create confusion for
people with low vision, while solid, dark colours
can create a “bottomless pit” effect
3.6.11 Height clearance 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear headroom is maintained
throughout the full length of the stairway and on
any landings
Ensures stairs that are not enclosed and could
present an overhead hazard are protected to
prevent people from colliding with them
Provides ample headroom (e.g., if sheltered or if
items are suspended above stairs)
3.6.12 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Interior Circulation Page 141
Figure 34: Typical staircase features (measurements in mm)
Figure 35: Overhead hazard under stairs (measurements in mm)
OVERHEAD HAZARDS
2030
MAX
680
MAX
Interior Circulation Page 142
3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways
While escalators are common to many large sites, they are not considered part of
an accessible route of travel. They are quick and easy for many site users but are
unsuitable for people in wheelchairs, people with strollers, and people with
service dogs, and they are often difficult to navigate for people with mobility
challenges. Many people prefer to use stairs, ramps or elevators. Accordingly, an
alternative means of access should always be provided in association with
escalators.
Moving walkways are frequently used to move people over long horizontal
distances in a large site or vertically to another floor, such as in airports. They are
convenient for people pulling suitcases or pushing strollers or shopping carts.
Moving walkways should always have an accessible route adjacent to it. Where
moving walkways are inclined, the angle of inclination should not be steeper than
1:20 (5%).
3.7 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKWAYS
Maximum Score: 12 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.7.1 Colour-contrasted nosings and side edges 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides high-contrast markings (preferably signal
yellow) on all nosings and side edges
3.7.2 Accessible stop button 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures emergency stop controls are clearly
identified and within reach of all users
3.7.3 Alternative is available 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 143
3.7 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKWAYS
Maximum Score: 12 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures stairs, elevators or accessible passenger lifts
are available as alternatives to an escalator or
inclined moving walkway
Provides golf carts or similar vehicles, as well as an
accessible path of travel, as alternatives to a moving
sidewalk
Ensures alternatives are located in an adjacent
location and clearly identified
3.7.4 Tactile attention indicators 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures tactile attention indicators are placed at the
top of the escalator or walkway to notify people
with low vision
Ensures indicators extend the full width of the
escalator or walkway and are of sufficient length in
the direction of travel to provide adequate warning
to people with low vision
Ensures material is contrasting in colour with the
surrounding surface material and is of a different
texture
Ensures direction of travel is clearly signed
3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts
Vertical platform lifts are sometimes used as a means of improving access in
existing sites where it is not possible to install an elevator due to structural or
space constraints. They are slower moving than conventional passenger elevators
and have limited capacity, as they are typically designed to carry only two
passengers. Wherever a vertical platform lift is located, an associated flight of
stairs or steps should be provided as an alternative means of access.
Interior Circulation Page 144
Vertical platform lifts are suitable for historic sites where preservation of the
existing structure is key, but they should not be installed in new sites. People
should be able to use them independently, without assistance and without having
to seek permission. As standard vertical platform lifts are not designed for use in
evacuations, an evacuation chair or suitable alternatives should be available for
people with disabilities in emergency situations.
Short-rise vertical platform lifts travelling up to 2,000 mm do not need to be fully
enclosed unless it is required for fire-resistance. Non-enclosed lifts require a
safety guard and gate or a barrier on both the entry and exit side. A permanent,
solid barrier is required on any non-access side of the lift.
All vertical platform lifts travelling more than 2,000 mm need to be fully enclosed
and to incorporate power-assisted, outward-opening doors for access.
3.8 VERTICAL PLATFORM LIFTS
Maximum Score: 32 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
3.8.1 Installed in existing site where elevator is not feasible 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures platform is installed in an existing building
due to structural or space constraints preventing
installation of a conventional elevator
3.8.2 Independently operated 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Operation of platform lift does not require a key or
assistance; it can be operated independently or as
needed without requiring support
Ensures assistance is readily available for people
who have difficulty using the controls
3.8.3 Door opening clear width 4
Interior Circulation Page 145
3.8 VERTICAL PLATFORM LIFTS
Maximum Score: 32 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, clear width for people using
wheelchairs or scooters, and for people with
companions or service dogs, to access lift
Ensures clearance from door swing is provided
adjacent to manually activated power door controls
3.8.4 Emergency communication button 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures emergency communication button is
suitable for all users
Ensures emergency assistance button is
incorporated into the control panel and is linked to
a trained source of assistance
3.8.5 Fold-down seat 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides a fold-down seat for passengers who have
difficulty standing or who have vertigo
Ensures seat is of adequate size and shape to
accommodate a range of people
3.8.6 Gate and barrier 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
For short-rise non-enclosed lift, provides a safety
guard and gate or a barrier on both the entry and
exit side
Ensures platform lifts travelling more than 2,000
mm are fully enclosed with power-assisted
outward-opening doors for access
3.8.7 Light pressure control buttons 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Interior Circulation Page 146
3.8 VERTICAL PLATFORM LIFTS
Maximum Score: 32 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides easy-to-use control buttons; for safety
purposes, controls on platform lifts require
continuous pressure in order to operate
3.8.8 Size and capacity appropriate for expected usage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures size and capacity is appropriate for site
type and occupancy
Ensures lift can carry with ease a person in a
wheelchair with an assistant, a person with a
stroller, or a person with a service dog
Provides doors on opposite sides allowing one-way
travel such that people do not need to turn around
or reverse in the lift (preferred arrangement); if
one-way travel is not possible, entry and exit doors
are positioned on adjacent sides of the lift
Provides a clear space on landing area enabling
people to approach and manoeuvre around the
door or gate and turn through 180°
3.8.9 Solid barrier on non-access sides of platform 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides a permanent, solid barrier at least 1,100
mm in height on any non-access side of the lift
Provides handrails
3.9 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas to improve interior circulation of sites include:
An emergency power source for doors that are located on an exit route.
Interior Circulation Page 147
An induction loop in an elevator for emergency communication with people
using hearing aids.
Glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or handrails to illuminate route during a
power outage.
An audible notification to warn riders that a moving walkway is coming to
an end.
Interior Services and Environment Page 148
4 Interior Services and Environment
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
4.1 Lobby and Reception Areas 18
4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters 24
4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and
Lounges
18
4.4 Kitchens 43
4.5 Acoustic Considerations 10
4.6 Illumination 21
Total Maximum Score 134
Description
While interior circulation pertains to the movement or flow of people throughout
a site that allows them to access its key facilities, the interior services and
environment refers to the key internal facilities themselves — that is, the facilities
that people use within a site. Although the types of internal facilities available will
vary with each site’s occupancy and use, many of the elements and features
found in this category are general to all. These include location, space and
clearance, appropriate furnishings, availability of appropriate equipment,
acoustics and illumination.
Considering these requirements during the design phase of a site — well before
the shovels break ground — will help ensure a site’s facilities can accommodate
everyone.
One important consideration concerns the height of electrical outlets, light
switches and other controls. To meet the requirements of a generally aging
Interior Services and Environment Page 149
population, including its workforce, electrical outlets and data ports should be
located 480 mm above the finished floor — higher than typical installation heights
of 300–400 mm. Light switches and other controls should be mounted at 1,066
mm above the finished floor — lower than the typical installation height of 1,200
mm. As these dimensions are approximately 152 mm (6 in.) higher or lower,
respectively, than current practice, this amendment is commonly referred to as
the “six-inch rule”.
4.1 Lobby and Reception Area
Lobby and reception areas of a site must be welcoming and accessible for all
intended users. They should orient people to the site and provide clear
information and signage about the site and its services. Access to circulation
routes and facilities as well as routes to the entrance and exit should be obvious,
clear and unobstructed. There should be sufficient clear space for people using
mobility devices to manoeuvre without blocking access for others.
To ensure the comfort and convenience of everyone, comfortable seating should
be available in waiting areas with washrooms located nearby. Lighting levels
should help people adjust to daylight or exterior illumination as they move from
the interior to the outdoors.
Figure 36: Lobby of a commercial site
Interior Services and Environment Page 150
4.1 LOBBY AND RECEPTION AREA
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.1.1 Logical arrangement of circulation routes and
facilities in area
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures overall arrangement of access routes is
logical, understandable and usable, and provides
direct access to key facilities
Connects accessible circulation routes on entrance-
level floor to other floors (e.g., horizontal and
vertical circulation)
4.1.2 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures lighting in entrance lobbies eases the
transition between the exterior and interior
environment to enable people’s eyes to adjust; a
sudden change in lighting levels can be difficult for
many people
Ensures lighting optimizes visual communication
and lip-reading or speech-reading
Ensures lighting minimizes reflection on glazed
components
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
4.1.3 Location of key facilities easily identified 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear signage or other wayfinding within
reception area highlighting key facilities, such as
elevators, stairs, washrooms, social or fitness
rooms, and main site services
4.1.4 Toilet facilities adjacent to lobby and reception area 3
Interior Services and Environment Page 151
4.1 LOBBY AND RECEPTION AREA
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures toilet facilities are in close proximity to the
lobby and reception area
4.1.5 Seating where expected to wait 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures access to seating is direct and
unobstructed
Ensures seating is located on a level area and does
not obstruct circulation routes
Ensures seating is clearly signed or identified
Ensures seating visually contrasts with surrounding
surfaces
Incorporates clear spaces for people using
wheelchairs or scooters, people pushing strollers,
or people with service dogs, so they can sit
alongside one another and with their companions
Offers a variety of seating options to suit different
people, including seats with and without arm rests,
seats with backrests, and fixed and movable seats
Ensures seats positioned or linked in a row are all
of the same style (e.g., all with armrests or all
without); a mixture of seat styles in a single row
can cause confusion for people who are blind or
have low vision
Ensures seating is located close to concierge desk
(if present)
Maximum points:
Ensures different chair seat heights and widths are
available
Interior Services and Environment Page 152
4.1 LOBBY AND RECEPTION AREA
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides tables for placing objects so people are
not required to bend to the floor
Provides adequate kick space to allow people to
easily stand up
Ensures resting area is clearly visible and identified
with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture and
colour)
4.1.6 Floor finishes are firm and slip resistant, with no
glare or strongly patterned carpet or flooring
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
If a mat is provided on the inside of the entrance,
ensures it has a firm, level surface and is placed in
a recessed mat well flush with the surrounding
floor surface
Has plain, light-coloured or simple-patterned
flooring; strong patterns, such as stripes and
checks, can create confusion for people with low
vision, while solid, dark colours can create a
“bottomless pit” effect
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section,
4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters
Ensuring all site users have meaningful access to reception desks and service
counters is a fundamental part of an access plan. Reception desks should be
highly visible, easily located and situated on a direct, unobstructed route from the
entrance. Counters should be usable from both sides by both people who are
standing and those who are seated.
Interior Services and Environment Page 153
Some facilities have a concierge and reception desk at the entrance to control
access to a site. Both people who are standing and people using wheelchairs must
be able to access and use these desks.
Small segregated cut-outs or service areas added onto counter designs for people
using wheelchairs or scooters are not acceptable, since they isolate, rather than
integrate, people with disabilities. Further, separate lowered sections often
become storage and/or product display areas. All counters must provide equal
and integrated access for people with mobility disabilities.
The height of counter surfaces should range from 730 mm to 860 mm above the
finished floor (AFF). A seating space with a minimum clear floor area of 800 mm ×
1,350 mm should be provided, as well as knee space and adequate manoeuvring
space for approach. A high service area for standing users may also be provided;
however, the main service area should be universally accessible.
4.2 RECEPTION DESKS AND SERVICE COUNTERS
Maximum Score: 24 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.2.1 Desk/counter is accessible height or variety of heights 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures desk or counter height is accessible by all,
including people using wheelchairs or scooters,
those who access the desk or service counter from a
seated position, and people who are standing
Ensures the height of counter surfaces ranges from
730 mm to 860 mm AFF
Provides a high service area for standing; however,
the main service area should be universally
accessible
4.2.2 Space for knee clearance at transaction points for
public and staff
5
Interior Services and Environment Page 154
4.2 RECEPTION DESKS AND SERVICE COUNTERS
Maximum Score: 24 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures space for knees at transaction points, where
a physical action or exchange takes place between
people, such as processing a payment, obtaining a
washroom key, etc.
Provides, at these locations, adequate knee
clearance for people who access the service counter
from a seated position
4.2.3 Clear space for approach for public and staff 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear space along route to allow people
using wheeled mobility devices to access desk or
counter with ease
Ensures space allows for adequate reach over the
desk/counter for all users
4.2.4 Clearly visible from entrance doors with direct route 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures reception desks and service counters are
highly visible and can be easily located by all site
users, and are situated on a direct, unobstructed
route from the entrance
4.2.5 Clear signage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear, understandable identification
signage indicating the purpose or function of the
desk or counter
Ensures signs use a large font and contrasting
colours
Ensures signs are easy to locate
Interior Services and Environment Page 155
4.2 RECEPTION DESKS AND SERVICE COUNTERS
Maximum Score: 24 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures signs are well positioned and within easy
reach for people who are blind or have low vision
Provides tactile signage with raised lettering and
Braille
4.2.6 Desk/counter is colour contrasted with surroundings 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures desk/counter contrasts visually with
adjacent surfaces (e.g., floor, walls)
4.2.7 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and Lounges
General seating should be provided in waiting areas and meeting rooms — where
people need to wait, rest, or meet. It should be comfortable and offer a variety of
seating types to accommodate all users.
4.3 WAITING AREAS, GENERAL SEATING, MEETING ROOMS
AND LOUNGES
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.3.1 Variety of seating types 5
Minimum requirements:
Provides a variety of seating options, including
seats with and without armrests, seats with
backrests, and fixed and movable seats, to suit
different people
Ensures seats positioned or linked in a row are all
of the same style (e.g., all with armrests or all
Interior Services and Environment Page 156
4.3 WAITING AREAS, GENERAL SEATING, MEETING ROOMS
AND LOUNGES
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
without); a mixture of seat styles in a single row
can cause confusion for persons with low vision
Ensures seats are comfortable, with firm padding
and rounded edges
Provides priority seats for people with disabilities
or older individuals
Provides surfaces for placing objects so people are
not required to bend to the floor
Ensures seating is located close to concierge desk
(if present)
Maximum points:
Provides adequate kick space to allow people to
stand up with ease
Provides chairs with different heights and widths
4.3.2 Arrangement of seating with clear space 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures access to seating is direct and
unobstructed from main circulation route
Arranges seating to provide clear areas beside
seats to accommodate people using mobility
devices, parents with strollers, and people with
service dogs
Maximum points:
Provides flexible seating that allows seating
arrangements to be easily altered to
accommodate individual situations
Interior Services and Environment Page 157
4.3 WAITING AREAS, GENERAL SEATING, MEETING ROOMS
AND LOUNGES
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.3.3 Upholstery is matte, non-slip without bold pattern,
and contrasts with environment
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures upholstery is plain coloured or has a
simple pattern, as strong patterns, such as stripes
and checks, can create confusion for people with
low vision
4.3.4 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
4.3.5 Tables are stable with rounded corners 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures tables remain in place when in use
Ensures tables are round or have no sharp corners
or edges
4.3.6 Floor finishes are firm and slip resistant, with no
glare or strongly patterned carpet or flooring
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has plain, light-coloured flooring or simple-
patterned flooring; strong patterns, such as stripes
and checks, can create confusion for people with
low vision, while solid, dark colours can create a
“bottomless pit” effect
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Interior Services and Environment Page 158
4.4 Kitchen
Everyone should be able to access and use kitchen areas in commercial sites.
Kitchens should be located on an accessible route, adjacent to any dining or
seating areas. Several features can help ensure ease of use for everyone open
layouts, pull-down or reachable cupboards or storage areas, work surfaces
adjacent to or under appliances, seating areas that colour contrast with adjacent
wall and floor surfaces, and counters with rounded corners.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 7.4.4 Kitchens, p. 151-158, for additional details.
4.4 KITCHEN
Maximum Score: 43 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.4.1 Entrance is accessible 5
Minimum requirements:
Provides a manual swing door with low resistance
closer and accessible hardware (e.g., levered
handle)
Ensures door is identified from adjacent surfaces
via colour or a change in surface texture
Maximum points:
Provides a power-operated door
Ensures door provides clear visibility (e.g.,
tempered clear or frosted glass, vision panels),
allowing people to identify any hazards
Please refer to Doors and Doorways in Interior
Circulation category for additional details.
4.4.2 Clear space for manoeuvring 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Interior Services and Environment Page 159
4.4 KITCHEN
Maximum Score: 43 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides adequate turning radius for people using
wheelchairs or scooters; people need to be able to
turn around within a kitchen
4.4.3 Sink faucet is automatic or has lever-type handles 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures lever-type handles or an automated
faucet on sink
Maximum points:
Ensures a visual temperature indicator on faucet
4.4.4 Accessible-height sink 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures enough space for wheelchair users to
wheel under sink — typically 680 mm
Ensures pipes are insulated, with no exposed
sharp edges or projecting components
4.4.5 Knee clearance under sink 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides knee clearance for wheelchair users —
typically 680–760 mm
Ensures the lower shelf typically provided under a
sink is removed to enable a wheelchair user to
easily roll under it
4.4.6 Adjacent accessible, level work surface beside all
appliances
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides an accessible counter space with an 800–
915 mm work surface and 680–760 mm of knee
clearance underneath
4.4.7 Microwave mounting height accessible and safe 5
Interior Services and Environment Page 160
4.4 KITCHEN
Maximum Score: 43 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum requirements:
Ensures the microwave is located on a counter
with 600 mm of clear space on latch side of unit
[Note: Raised units mounted under counters are
not accessible and are considered a significant
burn/scald hazard.]
Maximum points:
Has pull-out counter (cutting-board style)
underneath unit/counter
4.4.8 Accessible storage options 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures storage is accessible to people using
wheeled mobility devices
4.4.9 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides flat, even light to minimize shadows
Provides task lighting at workstations/areas
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
4.4.10 Variety of seating and table options 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures tables are at an accessible height for all
users; where elevated tables are desirable (e.g., at
a bar), they are provided in addition to accessible
tables
Ensures a variety of seating options are available
to suit different people, including seats with and
without arm rests, seats with backrests, and fixed
and movable seats
Interior Services and Environment Page 161
4.4 KITCHEN
Maximum Score: 43 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Maximum points:
Provides flexible seating that allows seating
arrangements to be easily altered to
accommodate individual situations
Provides chairs with different heights and widths
4.5 Acoustic Considerations
Acoustics should be appropriate for the type of site and enable all users to hear
clearly without interference from background noise or excessive reverberation.
Acoustics are influenced by a number of factors, including layout, room shape and
size, fabrics, and furnishings. In general, soft surfaces, such as carpeting, curtains,
ceiling tiles and upholstery, will absorb sound; hard surfaces, such as concrete,
brick, tile and wood, tend to reflect sounds, which can create a noisy and echoing
environment.
The location of a site or room is important when it comes to acoustics. If it is
located on a busy thoroughfare, sound dampening materials such as double-
glazed windows will help to reduce the effects of outside noise. Ventilation
systems, commonly called heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems, can sometimes be noisy.
Most site systems are electro-mechanical. The acoustic properties of boilers used
for heating or chillers used for air conditioning are determined at the design
stage.
4.5 ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS
Maximum Score: 10 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.5.1 Sound damping where spoken word is expected 5
Interior Services and Environment Page 162
4.5 ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS
Maximum Score: 10 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all users, including those wearing hearing
aids, are able to hear clearly with minimal
interference from background noise
4.5.2 Volume of speakers and voice paging systems
adjustable per area
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides individual controls to allow systems to be
operated independently for different areas of a
site
4.5.3 Double-glazed windows are installed 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has double-glazed windows installed in areas
susceptible to noise
4.6 Illumination
Please refer to the Illumination and Lighting subsection in the Fundamental
Requirements section.
4.6 ILLUMINATION
Maximum Score: 21 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
4.6.1 Flooring, walkway, ramp and stairway surfaces are
illuminated with additional lighting
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures flooring, walkway, ramp and stairway
surfaces are illuminated and can be used safely at
any time of day or night
Interior Services and Environment Page 163
4.6 ILLUMINATION
Maximum Score: 21 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures shadows and reflective glare are
minimized
4.6.2 Levels are consistent throughout site/site 4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures light is evenly distributed throughout
rooms and circulation areas
Ensures lighting minimizes creation of shadows on
walls and floors
Ensures light levels in hallways and corridors are
similar to feature areas, rooms and spaces
Maximum points:
Ensures generally higher light levels (e.g., 25%
higher than standard)
4.6.3 Lighting individually controlled in task areas (if
required for expected usage)
4
Minimum requirements:
Provides flexibility within lighting design, such as
provision of local lighting and task lighting
enabling people to control their own lighting levels
Maximum points:
Uses passive infrared sensors to increase light
levels automatically
4.6.4 Interaction between lighting and surfaces minimizes
glare
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures lighting is positioned to minimize glare,
reflection or shadows; glare can cause confusion
or disorientation, and shadows reduce visibility or
Interior Services and Environment Page 164
4.6 ILLUMINATION
Maximum Score: 21 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
create false impressions, which can create
potential tripping hazards
Ensures surfaces minimize any glare or reflection;
glare is reduced by using matte finishes, low-gloss
varnish, and non-reflective glass and by avoiding
mirrored surfaces
4.6.5 No abrupt changes in lighting levels at entrance 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures people are able to transition easily
between outdoor and indoor areas, with no
sudden contrast in light levels
4.6.6 Windows are glazed or fitted with material to
reduce glare
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures windows have anti-glare, non-reflective
properties or coatings
Provides window blinds or shades to control glare
from the sun
4.7 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas to improve interior services and the environment include:
Sound design to reduce echo within a site. This includes solid-core doors
and assistive listening devices for use in the site.
A hearing enhancement system (e.g., induction loop) in the reception area
for the benefit of people with hearing aids.
Elevated dishwasher in a communal kitchen area to enable all people to
load/unload with ease. This is a truly Universal Design solution benefiting
people of all statures. Using the current standard position, everyone must
Interior Services and Environment Page 165
bend over. Raising the dishwasher places its surface at 1,066 mm, higher
than a standard 915 mm counter and easier for tall people to use.
An electrical receptacle located at either the side or front of a kitchen
counter, rather than at the back, eliminating the need to reach across a
counter.
Lighting that reduces eye fatigue, including flicker and glare-minimizing
light bulbs and full-spectrum fluorescent tubes.
Photoluminescence (glow-in-the-dark) treatments on fixtures (e.g.,
obstacles, features, stairs).
Sanitary Facilities Page 166
5 Sanitary Facilities
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
5.1 Washrooms 80
5.2 Showers 37
Total Maximum Score 117
Description
Sanitary facilities are the areas that house washrooms, showers and change
rooms. They must be located on an accessible route, in close proximity to the
feature area(s) they are serving. They need to have appropriate directional
signage, be clearly identified, and be safe, easy to use, clean and comfortable for
everyone.
Creating accessible sanitary facilities goes well beyond ensuring barrier-free
entrances or installing grab bars. They must ensure the protection of an
individual’s privacy, dignity, and security while accommodating a much wider user
group than in years past. Demand for real accessibility in public or commercial
sanitary facilities is increasing due to our aging population combined with a more
active community of people with disabilities.
To accommodate a range of users, no-touch features are recommended. Because
they are more accessible and more sanitary for everyone, the more no-touch
features, the better. These include screen walls or motion-controlled power-
operated doors, and automated toilets, faucets, hand dryers, dispensers and
other accessories.
Single-user restrooms at trailheads, including prefabricated restroom units,
should be located on an accessible route. They must meet technical requirements
Sanitary Facilities Page 167
for signage, have clear floor space inside the restroom and around the toilet, and
have lavatory sinks, urinals, switches and controls, electrical outlets, grab bars
and doors.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 6.2 Washroom facilities, p. 91-124, for additional details.
5.1 Washrooms
Washroom arrangements found in commercial and public facilities are principally
designated:
Male and female (single-sex), with multiple stalls, including accessible stalls
and limited mobility stalls for independent use;
Single occupancy (unisex/universal) accessible facilities
Family washrooms (facilities for assisted use)
Unisex/universal washrooms and family washrooms (facilities for assisted use)
can be used by both sexes, and they provide the greatest flexibility for people
who need assistance, such as people with disabilities, older adults or small
children, many of whom may have an attendant of a different gender. They allow
people to attend to their personal needs in privacy and with dignity. In most
cases, users should be able to access these facilities without a key or without
having to ask for assistance.
Unisex/universal and family washrooms are required to be placed adjacent to all
newly constructed washroom facilities and should have a separate entrance.
Unisex/universal washrooms are designed to accommodate people using
wheelchairs and other mobility devices, or those who need extra space. Family
accessible washrooms provide families and small groups with all the fixtures and
accessories they need in a single room.
Conventional, single-sex washrooms must also be accessible and user-friendly.
Stalls, urinals and hand-washing facilities should be arranged logically, based on
Sanitary Facilities Page 168
typical user behaviour, with at least one accessible toilet stall to accommodate
people with wheeled mobility devices. At least one limited mobility stall — a
standard-sized stall equipped with rear and sidewall grab bars — should be
provided in addition to the accessible stall(s). [Note: In existing sites, if it is
difficult to provide accessible single-sex washrooms, the unisex/universal
accessible washroom can be substituted.]
General guidelines to correct the most common code violations and improve the
overall accessibility of conventional single-sex washrooms include:
Ensuring doors on accessible stalls are easy to open and close; they should be
equipped with a graspable pull on the inside face of the door (near the hinge
side) as well as on the outside of the door (near the latch side)
Ensuring doors on accessible toilet stalls open outward to provide ample room
for manoeuvring inside the stall for a wheeled mobility device; if doors are
inward opening, they should be equipped with lift-off hinges to allow removal
of the door if a person becomes trapped
Ensuring doors on accessible stalls are easy to lock: a sliding-style lock is
accessible to all users, as long as they’re operable with a closed fist; rotary
locks are not appropriate, as they require good dexterity to operate unless
modified to include flanged handles; [Note: Stall locks must allow opening
from outside the stall with a special tool for emergency use.]
Ensuring the toilet stall door aligns with the transfer space adjacent to the
toilet; this enables wheeled mobility devices to head directly to the transfer
space without having to manoeuvre around the toilet
Ensuring corner sinks, which are highly desirable, are installed inside larger
accessible stalls; if space is available, a corner sink should be incorporated into
the stall design; [Note: Space can often be created by realigning the stall entry
door.]
Providing privacy screens between each urinal, and between the urinals and
adjacent sink or stall area
Sanitary Facilities Page 169
Ensuring walls, floors or other large fields of tile/colour include high-contrast
features/areas to enhance depth perception, assist in wayfinding, and
minimize vertigo in users
Providing an AC outlet (or at least having a spot roughed in for the outlet)
adjacent to each accessible toilet to accommodate adaptive devices in
anticipation of electrically operated assistive devices for people with mobility
impairments (e.g., Toto toilets seats that wash and dry users automatically, lift
toilet seats); this should be required in all new construction.
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
5.1.1 Power-operated door with sufficient opening time, or a
screen wall entry
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Is sufficient for people who are slow moving
Takes at least three seconds to move from a closed to
fully open position
Remains fully open for a sufficient length of time to
allow all site users to safely enter or exit the site — at
least five seconds
5.1.2 Minimum force required to open entry door, including
power operated and screen wall
3
Sanitary Facilities Page 170
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Note: Appropriate for free-swing door and door that has a
closer
Minimum/maximum requirements:
If manual door, ensures it is easy to open with minimal
force (e.g., low friction hinges or light weight door)
Ensures the force applied at the handle, push plate, or
latch-releasing device does not exceed 22 N (5 lbf.) for
interior doors
Ensures self-closing doors are equipped with automated
delayed-action closers
Ensures the effort needed to overcome the resistance of
the door closer is low enough to allow people with
disabilities to pass through with reasonable ease
Ensures delayed-action door closers allow the door to
remain open long enough for all users to pass through;
the closing period must not be less than three seconds
measured from the door in an open position of 70° to
the doorway, to a point 75 mm from the closed position
measured from the leading edge of the latch side of the
door
5.1.3 Clear width of entry 3
Sanitary Facilities Page 171
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
For entry door:
Provides adequate clear width to accommodate power
wheelchairs and scooters and other wheeled mobility
devices (i.e., a minimum clear width of 760 mm; current
best practice is 860 mm)
Provides clear space for manoeuvring on both sides of
doorway
For screen wall entry:
Ensures screen wall is easy to navigate, with no 90°
outside edges or obstructions, and adequate clear width
to accommodate all users
Ensures screen wall is wide enough for two people to
pass easily
5.1.4 Entry door and toilet stall have accessible hardware 3
Sanitary Facilities Page 172
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the opening hardware on entry or toilet stall
doors, including handles, pulls, latches, locks and other
operational devices, is easy to use (i.e., operable with
one hand, using minimal force, and not requiring fine
finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the
wrist)
Ensures locking hardware on entry or toilet stall doors is
operable with one hand and allows door to be unlocked
from the outside in case of emergency
Note: Doors to washrooms and other enclosed spaces
with no other exit should not be equipped with
deadbolts or other means of security which can only be
manipulated from the inside. Instead they should be
equipped with hardware than can be released from the
outside with a special tool/key or similar hardware (e.g.,
an easily manipulated push-lock doorknob).
5.1.5 Entry door is colour contrasted with adjacent surfaces 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
If entry door, ensures door contrasts visually with
adjacent walls
If screen wall entry, ensures wall surfaces contrast
visually with the floor
5.1.6 Accessible universal washroom 5
Sanitary Facilities Page 173
Minimum requirements (unisex/universal and family):
Provides a sink within reach of a person seated on the
toilet
Ensures the height of the sink is suitable for adults or
people of short stature and provides clear knee space for
those who are using the sink from a seated position
Includes a shelf for personal use
Provides a sanitary dispenser within easy reach
Provides a sanitary disposal bin on side wall under grab
bar and near the front edge of the toilet; it should not be
mounted on the rear wall
Ensures the mirror (full length) can be used by people in
wheelchairs or scooters
Has a coat hook mounted on a side wall at an accessible
height
Minimum requirements (family):
Ensures room size is large enough to accommodate
families/small groups and strollers or mobility aids
Includes one or more accessible toilets (e.g., adult and
child), with or without a privacy screen
Provides a baby change table at appropriate operating
height with knee clearance
Has delayed-action, low-resistance door closers on
family facilities
Maximum points (unisex/universal and family):
Provides adult dimension change table/bench
(adjustable height)
Ensures, where more than one accessible unisex
washroom is provided, the layouts provide transfer
space on alternate sides of the toilet and installation of
Sanitary Facilities Page 174
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
wall-mounted/fold-down grab bars, including a toilet
paper dispenser, on both sides
Provides a shelf for personal appliances
Provides increased light levels overall
Provides acoustic treatments to reduce overall sound
levels and minimize echo
Provides D-handle mounted on the pull side of the door
where no automatic closers are present
5.1.7 Clear space for manoeuvring and transfer 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has clear
space to turn and position themselves adjacent to the
toilet
Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has the choice
of preferred transfer arrangements (i.e., lateral, angled,
frontal or rear)
Note: Overall required dimensions depend on the door
position and whether the door swings inwards or
outwards as well as whether the toilet is wall hung or
floor mounted.
5.1.8 Grab bars at appropriate height and locations 5
Sanitary Facilities Page 175
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Minimum requirements:
Ensures grab bars are mounted on the side wall beside
the toilet, with adequate clearance from the wall; grab
bars should not be mounted on stall dividers unless they
are rated to carry a minimum load of 133 kg
Ensures diameter of grab bars is appropriate for holding
Maximum points:
Ensures grab bars are installed at an angle of 120°
(elbow style), based on current best practice for height
and positioning; although they meet site code standards,
bars installed vertically at 90° are not recommended, as
they are difficult for people with reduced arm strength
to use.
Ensures a rear-wall-mounted, fold-down grab bar
located on the transfer side of the toilet is available to
assist people who are ambulatory, but who still require
support
5.1.9 Toilets are a tank style or back supports are provided 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides a back rest or toilet seat lid so someone with
limited balance can lean against it; the toilet seat is not
the spring-up type
Ensures, where a tank-type toilet is used, the tank is
secured (bolted down) so someone can lean on it during
a transfer
Where a tank-type toilet is not used, provides a toilet
seat cover that rests against a rear grab bar at an angle
of between 95° and 110° for back support
5.1.10 Toilet flushing mechanisms are within easy reach 4
Sanitary Facilities Page 176
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Minimum requirements:
Ensures hand-operated flushing controls are accessible
and easy to use.
Note: Toilet flush handles are positioned on the transfer
side of the toilet (the side opposite the wall), or within
easy reach for a person who has transferred back onto
their wheeled mobility device, eliminating the need to
reach over the toilet to flush. For many people using
wheelchairs or with mobility disabilities or poor balance
and for people who are blind or have low vision, this
reach creates an unnecessary falling hazard.
Maximum points:
Ensures automatic toilets have a manual flush override
control within easy reach from the transfer side of the
toilet
5.1.11 Toilet paper dispensers at appropriate height and
locations
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures toilet paper dispenser is mounted on the side
wall, typically below the grab bar and within comfortable
reach from a sitting position (typically in line with the
front edge of the toilet); forcing users to reach up or in
front of the toilet creates a significant falling hazard for
most people with mobility and vision disabilities
Maximum points:
Follows current best practices for height and positioning
Provides an open-roll toilet paper dispenser design in
accessible stalls; this type of dispenser, easily mounted
Sanitary Facilities Page 177
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
under the grab bar, allows people with limited mobility
or dexterity to grasp and pull
5.1.12 Power outlet near toilet 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an AC outlet adjacent to each accessible toilet to
accommodate adaptive devices (or at least has a spot
roughed in for the outlet)
5.1.13 Urinals are at recommended heights or at variable heights
without a step
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear floor area, centred in front of the urinal(s),
with sufficient space for approach by wheelchair users
Ensures clear floor area is adjacent to an accessible route
and unobstructed by floor level changes or privacy
screens
Ensures at least one urinal is equipped with two
vertically mounted grab bars (one on either side), to
provide support for people with walking aids
Ensures at least one urinal is mounted at a lower height
to accommodate little people and children
Ensures urinals are stall-type or wall-hung bowls; urinal
troughs should never be used as they are inappropriate
for people who are blind or have low vision
Provides with flush controls that are automatically
operated or easily operated manually with a closed fist
Provides privacy screens between each urinal and also
between the urinals and adjacent sink or cubicle area
5.1.14 Urinals are colour contrasted with adjacent surface 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Sanitary Facilities Page 178
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Ensures urinals are colour contrasted with the
surrounding surfaces; this is easiest to achieve by
painting the adjacent wall
Provides tactile centreline indicator for people who are
blind or have low vision; this can be achieved by
installing a raised piece of tile in a contrasting colour
above the urinal
5.1.15 Sink and counter at recommended height with knee
clearance and safety precautions
5
Minimum requirements:
Provides adequate knee clearance
Ensures hot water and drain pipes are offset to the rear,
to help protect people using wheelchairs from burns and
abrasions.
Ensures, where only one sink is equipped with an offset
drain, the accessible sink is clearly identified using the
international symbol; where all sinks are so equipped
(preferred), no identification is necessary
Ensures hot water pipes are insulated or covered if they
abut required clearances
Ensures faucet is easy to reach
Ensures washroom sinks intended for use by people with
disabilities include a counter or adjacent shelf
Ensures sharp corners and edges on counters, shelves,
and vanities are blunted
Maximum points:
Ensures current best practices for height
Provides variable-height sinks
Sanitary Facilities Page 179
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Provides a child step at one sink without blocking
wheelchair access
5.1.16 All accessories at recommended heights and locations
(hand dryers, mirrors and coat hooks)
4
Minimum requirements:
Has hand dryers or paper towel dispensers positioned
adjacent to mirror, sink, and soap dispenser and within
easy reach from a seated position, with a recommended
height of 1,000-1,200 mm above the finished floor (AFF)
Note: Pushing a wheelchair with wet hands to access a
paper towel dispenser is hazardous — not only do hands
become dirty again, but wet hands can also slip off the
wheel, which can cause the wheelchair user to fall. Wet
hands are also hazardous for people using walking aids,
as people can lose their grip.
Ensures mirror is usable from a seated position; fixed
full-height mirrors with their base 900-1,000 mm AFF are
preferred by the community over tilted mirrors
Provides a coat hook on the side wall of an accessible
stall, not mounted on the door, and at an accessible
height
Has sanitary disposal receptacles mounted on the side
wall and within easy reach of toilet
Ensures garbage cans or other obstacles do not block
access to the paper towel dispensers or the required pull
space beside the exit door
Maximum points:
Provides both an automated blow dryer and paper towel
dispensers
Sanitary Facilities Page 180
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
Has a complete range of amenities available, all
accessible
5.1.17 Automated fixtures and plumbing, or easy operation 4
Minimum requirements:
Provides accessible taps (lever or hands-free automated)
on sinks, and soap dispensers; the minimum
requirement is for a single, thermostatically controlled,
lever-operated faucet (hands-free is preferred, and
separate controls for hot water and cold water are not
permitted)
Ensures hand dryers or paper towel dispensers are easy
to operate by people with reduced dexterity (lever-
operated or automatic/hands-free design); many designs
require users to reach up, often with both hands, grasp
firmly and pull down, which is not accessible for people
with disabilities
Maximum points:
Ensures all fixtures are accessible and automated
Provides visual temperature indicators on faucets
5.1.18 Floor surface is stable, firm, and non-slip 4 Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
5.1.19 Emergency call button 3 Minimum requirements:
Provides an emergency call button in all accessible
washroom stalls and family washrooms to allow people
that may have fallen to call for assistance
Note: Monitored intercom systems are preferred, as
they minimize disruption caused by accidental/false
Sanitary Facilities Page 181
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
alarms. Alternatively, an alarm with both audible and
visual signals that is located in an adjacent hallway and
clearly signed is acceptable. The call button must be
located at a centreline mounting height of 480 mm
above the finished floor and mounted on a clear wall
within 600 mm of the toilet, so that it is usable by a
person who is unable to get up from the floor
Ensures call button is operable with one hand and with
minimal force; it should not require fine finger control,
tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist
Ensures call button is mounted on an open clear wall at
an accessible height
Maximum points:
Ensures emergency call button is accessible and
operable from a supine position
5.1.20 Signage at recommended location and uses international
symbols and shapes, raised lettering and Braille
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides signage using standardized symbols
consistently throughout the facility
Ensures signage incorporates raised lettering or symbols
that are 1–3 mm high
Ensures Braille lettering is located in a consistent
location, preferably near the bottom of the sign
Ensures sign is mounted at approximate eye level such
that it is easy to locate; current best practice is a
centreline height 1,200 mm AFF.
If there is no door, ensures signs are mounted on the
outside walls on both sides of the entrance
Sanitary Facilities Page 182
5.1 WASHROOMS
Maximum Score: 80 Points
Max.
Points
Mand
atory
If a door is present, ensures sign is mounted on the wall
on the latch side of the entrance, not on the door itself;
this is intended to reduce the collision hazard for people
with vision disabilities who rely on tactile signage
5.1.21 Child change table at accessible height 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides change table to parents and caregivers of either
sex
Ensures change table is mounted at an accessible height
with knee clearance (preferably adjustable)
Ensures change table is located within safe reach of sink
and hand dryer
5.1.22 Water fountain is accessible (typically outside washroom) 2
Applicable or N/A
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Located at an accessible height or a variety of heights,
colour contrasted with adjacent surfaces, recessed
and/or cane-detectable
Sanitary Facilities Page 183
Figure 37: Washroom accessory operating height (measurements in mm)
5.2 Showers
Showers are found in recreation facilities, in healthcare premises, and in some
workplaces. In each area where showers are required, at least one shower must
be accessible. Accessible shower facilities should be provided in single-sex
communal shower and changing areas. If possible, separate unisex/universal
accessible changing and shower facilities, containing a shower, a toilet, a sink and
accessories, should also be provided. Unisex/universal facilities enable a caregiver
of the opposite sex to provide assistance and should be located adjacent to single-
sex changing facilities and in close proximity to the areas they serve.
In addition to the specific requirements for a shower in the Rating Survey, a
universally designed communal shower and changing area should also include:
An optional private changing area to give users a choice
Seating adjacent to mirrors and hair dryers
Sanitary Facilities Page 184
A variable-height adult change bench or table to assist people who are unable
to stand while getting dressed. Specifically designed for people with
disabilities, this bench would permit users to lie down to pull on their clothing.
The bench offers grab bars to assist the user to return to the sitting position
and a padded, waterproof top to minimize the risk of pressure sores or cuts.
Rounded corners are intended to prevent injuries to others. Commercially
available manual and power-operated variable-height change benches are
available. Alternatively, a variable-height gurney could be used instead of the
bench if placed beside a wall
Colour contrast between floor and walls, and between accessories and
background surfaces
Shower accessories that are accessible by all users (soap holder, shelf, towel
bar, clothes hook, mirror)
A shower curtain for privacy and to keep the surrounding area dry
5.2 SHOWERS
Maximum Score: 37 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
5.2.1 Number of accessible showers adequate for
expected use
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures a minimal number of accessible showers
are available for expected use
Maximum points:
Ensures number of showers provided will easily
accommodate expected use
5.2.2 Roll-in shower 5 Minimum requirements:
Provides adequate clear floor area in front of
shower entrance
Sanitary Facilities Page 185
Ensures entrance is an adequate width
Has easy-to-access roll-in shower for people using
wheelchairs, with adequate clear space for
manoeuvring; no fixtures that project into clear
area impede required clear space
Ensures threshold does not exceed 13 mm in
height and is beveled at a maximum slope of 1:2
(50% or approximately 26°
Maximum points:
Ensures threshold is flush with floor and
incorporates an integral floor drain
Provides an emergency call button
5.2.3 Grab bars at appropriate heights and locations 5 Minimum requirements:
Provides a total of four vertical and horizontal grab
bars in the following locations: horizontally on a
side wall, vertically on the opposite side wall,
horizontally on the back wall, and vertically on the
back wall
Ensures grab bars are colour contrasted with the
surrounding surfaces
Maximum points:
Provides fixed and drop-down vertical grab bars
5.2.4 Floor surface is stable, firm and non-slip 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures floor is level with minimal slope for
drainage and includes integral floor drain; trench
or channel drains are recommended
Ensures flooring is matte finish and slip-resistant
Sanitary Facilities Page 186
Ensures there are no sharp edges or trims
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
5.2.5 Water control mounted on wall at accessible height 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures control is within easy reach from a seated
position
Ensures faucet is operable with a closed fist and
requires minimal force (lever operated)
Identifies temperature and volume controls clearly
and unambiguously to protect users from scalding
water
5.2.6 Hand-held shower within easy reach from seated
position
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures hose length is adequate
Provides a detachable shower head with
adjustable height, enabling alternative showering
positions (both sitting and standing)
5.2.7 Recessed soap holders or shelves located within
easy reach from seated position
3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures toiletries are easy to reach from a seated
position
Ensures soap holders or shelves do not impede
required clear space and are of adequate size to
hold toiletries
Maximum points:
Provides easy-to-reach towel bar and clothes hook
Provides a mirror at accessible height close by
Sanitary Facilities Page 187
5.2.8 Wall-mounted non-slip fold-down seat that is self-
draining
3
Minimum requirements:
Provides fold-down shower seat with backrest for
showering or changing; a seat that folds to a
horizontal position allows persons to use the
shower in a seated or standing position
Provides a smooth, non-slip surface without rough
edges
Provides easy-to-clean seat of adequate size and
strength
Ensures seat does not impede clear space of
shower
Provides seat that is colour contrasted with
surrounding surfaces
Maximum points:
Provides additional fold-down seat for drying
5.2.9 Adult change table 5
N/A only if included in change room
Minimum requirements:
A manually operated variable-height adult change
bench or table to assist people who are unable to
stand while getting dressed
A variable-height gurney could be used instead of
the bench if placed beside a wall
Maximum Points:
Power-operated variable-height change bench
Sanitary Facilities Page 188
Figure 38: Roll-in shower stall – typical features (measurements in mm)
Sanitary Facilities Page 189
Figure 39: Adult change bench (measurements in mm)
5.3 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas for improving accessibility in sanitary facilities include:
A high-tech toilet (e.g., Toto).
A child and ambulatory washroom stall (accommodates people who use cane
or crutches).
A disposal sink in family and unisex/universal washrooms adjacent to the toilet
for people with personal appliances.
Sanitary Facilities Page 190
A heat lamp with pre-set temperature controls.
Talking signs for people who are blind or have low vision.
Warm-air body dryer in showers and changing areas
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 191
6 Signage, Wayfinding and Communications
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding 36
6.2 Room Signage 25
6.3 Directory Board/Information Kiosk 17
6.4 Communications 15
Total Maximum Score 93
Description
Wayfinding describes how people navigate the built environment to get from one
place to another. Good wayfinding allows people to move independently through
urban settings and within sites by providing multiple cues and engaging the
senses. It “allows people to (1) determine their location within a setting; (2)
determine their destination; (3) develop a plan to take them from their location
to their destination; and (4) execute the plan and negotiate any required
changes.”3 Wayfinding is particularly important in complex environments.
Without it, people can become disoriented and frustrated. “All strategies for
wayfinding should communicate effectively to the broadest group possible,
including people with a wide range of sensory abilities, intellectual abilities,
literacy levels, languages and physical statures.”4
Wayfinding relies on both architectural and information cues that help people to
construct a mental map of the area. Architectural wayfinding helps people to
establish a pattern in the environment and includes spatial planning,
3 Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, 2001, Universal Design New York, New York: City of New York. 4 Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, 2003, Universal Design New York, New York City: City of New York
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 192
architectural forms and circulation systems. Examples of architectural wayfinding
include:
Providing clearly defined paths and hallways and well-defined edges, such
as walls, screens or columns
Locating elevators, ramps and stairs in obvious locations
Locating recurring elements, such as washrooms, elevators and emergency
exits, in the same place on each floor of a multi-storey site
Providing markers or unique features that people associate with different
parts of a site; they can be multi-sensory and may include a special lighting
fixture, art piece, window or water feature — something that people can
use to easily identify a particular area or location
Using interior design features, such as distinctive wall and floor treatments
or colours, to define different zones in a site; this is an inexpensive, low-
tech way of guiding people through a venue, and it is helpful for people
with low vision and for those who are unable to read the language on
conventional signage
Information wayfinding delivers information directly with visual, tactile and
audible formats. Examples of information wayfinding include:
Visual and tactile signs
Audible information, such as public address systems
Mobile apps that site users can access from their mobile devices; some
facilities, such as hospitals, provide custom apps that guide users as they
navigate a facility
6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding
Wayfinding and general signage refer to elements related to “architectural
wayfinding” and “information wayfinding”. At its simplest, architectural
wayfinding may be provided via interior design features, such as distinctive floor
and wall treatments, as well as colour and sound elements used to delineate a
space. A carpeted area adjacent to linoleum may be used to differentiate
different uses of space in a site. At Vancouver International Airport, for example,
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 193
all boarding areas are identified using carpeting, while exits are identified with tile
flooring, and all retail areas with other floor surface treatments.
Similarly, information wayfinding may be provided via signage and other modes of
direct communication. Using a combination of both is the most effective means of
identifying a space.
Signage should be simple, clear, consistent and unambiguous. There are four
basic types of signs used in wayfinding:
Information or descriptive signs: These provide overall orientation to a site
and include maps, plans, diagrams, and directory signs; tactile maps and
models which include Braille, raised characters, or symbols, provide
orientation for people with low vision
Directional signs: These include arrows providing directional guidance
within any size of site, and they are located where most visible, generally
overhead and perpendicular to the path of travel; exterior route
information should include approximate distance and gradient information
where appropriate
Identification signs: These identify specific locations, such as a particular
site or facility, or an individual room, and they include site name signs,
name signs, room name, or number signs
Mandatory safety signs: These are required by regulation for the safety of
all site users and include fire safety signs and notices, and emergency exit
signs
Signs incorporating pictorial symbols along with text are helpful for people with
learning disabilities or for those who are unfamiliar with the language used on the
signage.
Signs need to be mounted so that people using wheelchairs as well as people with
low vision can see them easily. Overhead signage is ineffective for most people
who have low vision.
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 194
Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.5 Signage, p. 29-36, for additional details.
6.1 GENERAL SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING
Maximum Score: 36 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
6.1.1 Directional signage is comprehensive and clearly
visible
5
N/A only if there isn't a need for directional signage
Minimum requirements:
Ensures signage is located where is it clearly
visible, which is generally overhead and
perpendicular to the path of travel
Ensures size of letters or symbols allows sign to be
read from a reasonable viewing distance
Ensures signage is uncluttered
Maximum points:
Provides signs in visual, tactile and audible formats
6.1.2 Signage uses Arabic numerals and/or sans serif
lettering
4
N/A only if there aren't any numbers or letters
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses easy-to-read sans serif fonts, which are clear,
uncomplicated, and which incorporate good letter
spacing, and avoids decorative or italicized fonts,
which people with low vision have difficulty
reading
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 195
6.1 GENERAL SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING
Maximum Score: 36 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Uses only Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) and avoids
Roman numerals, which are not universally
recognized
Uses a consistent font for all signage throughout
the facility
6.1.3 Signs have glare-free surface 4
NA only if there isn't a sign
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures surface finish of signs is matte or satin, as
shiny or reflective surfaces are a potential source
of glare or reflections and may be difficult to read
Note: Signs mounted on reflective backgrounds or
Plexiglas are ineffective for people with low vision.
6.1.4 Blade signage is used to supplement overhead
signage where useful
4
N/A only if not useful
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides projecting blade signage to ensure
people are able to easily identify key areas of a
site
6.1.5 High-contrast text on single-coloured backgrounds 4
N/A only if no text on sign
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures letters and symbols contrast visually with
sign board
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 196
6.1 GENERAL SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING
Maximum Score: 36 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures signboard contrasts visually with
mounting or background surface
6.1.6 Signs with text are efficiently worded 4
N/A only if no text on sign
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides simple, brief wording
Ensures words and short sentences begin with a
capital letter and continue in lower case; using
wholly capitalized words should be avoided
Avoids abbreviations
Displays information logically
Aligns wording to the left
6.1.7 Use of international symbols/pictograms on signage
where useful
4
N/A only if clear that is not useful
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses standard, internationally recognized symbols
in place of, or to supplement, text, which is helpful
to people with learning disabilities, to children, or
to people who do not understand the language
used on the sign
Ensures symbols that are not universally
recognized are accompanied by text
6.1.8 Signs well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 3
N/A only if there is no power or policy is day use only,
or no signs
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 197
6.1 GENERAL SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING
Maximum Score: 36 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures signs, including maps and directories, are
evenly illuminated with an appropriate level of
lighting for the room conditions and use
Ensures additional lighting does not create glare
6.1.9 Wayfinding includes a variety of techniques
(landmarks, surface treatments, colour, sound,
scents, lighting)
4
N/A only if the facility is a very small space or similar
circumstance
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures design features, such as distinctive wall
and surface treatments or colours, are used to
define different zones either inside or outside a
site
Ensures different areas at the site are identified
using unique multi-sensory features, such as a
fountain, scented plants, a piece of art, etc.
Figure 40: International symbol of access
INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESS
(A) DISPLAY CONDITIONS (B) PROPORTIONS
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 198
6.2 Room Signage
Where doors are present, signage should be mounted on the wall on the latch
side of the door. It should not be mounted on the door itself. This is intended to
reduce the collision hazard for people who are blind or have low vision and who
rely on tactile signage.
Where there is no entry door, signs are located on both sides of the entrance.
Only principal rooms and doors should be identified — not smaller rooms
contained within main areas, unless these rooms are considered feature areas.
6.2 ROOM SIGNAGE
Maximum Score: 25 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
6.2.1 Lettering size is recommended minimum or larger 5
N/A only if there aren't any letters, for example, only
symbols
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures room signs are clearly visible from a
distance
6.2.2 Sign includes Braille, raised lettering and/or symbol 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses raised lettering, which can be easily read by
touch, and not engraved lettering; lettering or
symbols are raised up 1 mm from the background
Ensures Braille is located directly below the text
Ensures room signs have the minimum number of
characters possible, to assist people reading by
touch, and use a combination of upper and lower
case characters
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 199
6.2 ROOM SIGNAGE
Maximum Score: 25 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
The presence of Braille on a sign is indicated by a
marker or notch on the left edge
6.2.3 Sign at recommended height 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures centreline of sign is 1,350 mm above the
finished floor (AFF) and within 150 mm of the door
jamb/frame
Ensures signs can be viewed from a comfortable
viewing distance and Braille is within easy reach
6.2.4 High-contrast text and single-coloured backgrounds 4
N/A only if there isn't any text
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses characters and symbols in colours that
contrast with the sign’s background, preferably
single-coloured backgrounds
Note: White on green LED signs provide sufficient
contrast to be easily read.
6.2.5 Signs located on the latch side of doors, or if no
door, in consistent location
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures signs are located at the latch side of doors
or openings and not on the door itself
6.2.6 Logical numbering 3
N/A only if not numbered
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures rooms are easy to locate as they are in
numerical or other logical order
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 200
6.2 ROOM SIGNAGE
Maximum Score: 25 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
6.2.7 Use of international symbols on signage where
useful
2
N/A only if symbols not useful
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses symbols in place of, or to supplement, text
Figure 41: Room signage (measurements in mm)
6.3 Directory Board and Information Kiosk
This element applies to directory boards and information kiosks that are found at
commercial and residential sites as well as at outdoor parks and recreational
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 201
facilities. Most sites have a directory board, while many retail outlets, such as
shopping malls, will supplement a directory board with an information kiosk to
enhance communication and the user’s experience.
6.3 DIRECTORY BOARD / INFORMATION KIOSK
Maximum Score: 17 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
6.3.1 Comprehensive relevant information 5 Minimum requirements:
General requirements:
Provides information enabling people to clearly
understand the layout and function of a space or
environment and to navigate independently
Maximum points:
Ensures information is usable for everyone and
includes visual, tactile map, and audible formats
6.3.2 Location of amenities where provided 3
N/A only if no amenities
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures directory clearly displays locations of
washrooms, viewpoints, water fountains, etc.
6.3.3 Raised lettering, Braille and tactile maps where
appropriate
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses raised lettering, which can be easily read by
touch, and not engraved lettering
Braille is located directly below the text
6.3.4 Recommended height or alternative height options 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 202
6.3 DIRECTORY BOARD / INFORMATION KIOSK
Maximum Score: 17 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures height is between 900 mm and 1,200
mm above the finished floor (AFF)
Provides adequate clearance for approach and
knee space
6.3.5 Audio with accessible controls 3
N/A only if no audio
Minimum requirements:
Provides audible information to supplement the
directory board
Maximum requirements:
Provides a video using American Sign Language
(ASL) or equivalent, offering an orientation of a
site’s features
6.4 Communications
6.4 COMMUNICATIONS
Maximum Score: 15 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
6.4.1 Online and printed information accessible 5
N/A only if none available
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures online content allows all users to have
equal access to information; [Note: Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines, or WCAG 2.0, is an
internationally accepted standard for web
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 203
accessibility developed by the World Wide Web
Consortium.]
Ensures online content can be interpreted or
read by screen reader
Provides printed information in large font size (14
point)
6.4.2 Assisted listening device/system where
information is exchanged
5
N/A only if no information is expected to be
exchanged
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides assistive listening technology to amplify
sound for people who are hearing impaired,
including:
FM systems that transmit sounds using radio
waves
Infrared systems that transmit sounds using light
waves
Induction loop systems, which use an
electromagnetic field to carry sound to the user’s
ears
6.4.3 Customer service/accessibility awareness training 5
N/A only if no customer service
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures employees have taken formal training
related to communicating with people with
disabilities
Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 204
6.5 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas for improving accessibility for signage, wayfinding and
communications include:
Video monitors for public information dissemination.
Multiple speakers within the space, with a PA system that adjusts its volume
based on ambient conditions (e.g., occupancy and noise level).
Route information on a directory or kiosk including approximate distance or
travel time, audio, and video.
“Talking Signs” or a similar beacon or signal-based system for audio navigation.
Emergency Systems Page 205
7 Emergency Systems
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges 28
7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment 15
7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions 20
Total Maximum Score 63
Description
The needs of people who are deaf or hard of hearing are most often overlooked
when designing emergency and alarm systems. Conventional emergency warning
systems rely on an audible signal to alert occupants to a problem. For those who
cannot hear, this system is of little use, as they rely on visual cues.
While it is common to think someone who is able to hear would notify people
who are deaf or hard of hearing of an alarm, this makes two erroneous
assumptions: that people who are Deaf or hard of hearing are never alone, and
that an employee with hearing difficulties would never be working in isolation.
The lack of effective emergency alarm notification could be perceived as a barrier
to employment in some sectors. Exit signs and site evacuation instructions should
be easy to spot. They should also identify locations of accessible exit routes and
refuge areas.
All on-site first-aid facilities and equipment must accommodate everyone. This
requires tactile or high-contrast signage as well as accessible connecting paths for
those using wheelchairs or walking aids. In addition, the typical cot used in most
first-aid facilities must be replaced with a variable-height gurney or an accessible
Emergency Systems Page 206
change bench. An accessible unisex washroom should also be located in the
immediate vicinity of the first-aid room.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.7 Emergency and security, p. 81-87, for additional details.
7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges
7.1 EMERGENCY EXIT/REFUGES
Maximum Score: 28 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
7.1.1 Refuge located at each protected escape-designated
stairway
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures area of refuge is available at every escape-
designated stairway and on every level
Ensures entry door to area of refuge is power
operated and has an emergency power back-up
Ensures area of refuge is smoke protected
Ensures area of refuge contains hands-free
communication system connected to an emergency
response system
7.1.2 Clear blade signage for emergency exit and refuge 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures blade signage accompanies regular flush
signage to ensure areas of refuge are visible from all
directions
Ensures exit signs clearly indicate location of closest
accessible emergency exit
Maximum requirements:
Uses international signage (i.e., green running man)
Emergency Systems Page 207
7.1 EMERGENCY EXIT/REFUGES
Maximum Score: 28 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
7.1.3 Refuge has adequate clear space for expected usage 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures area is large enough to accommodate at
least two wheeled mobility devices
7.1.4 Emergency exit and refuge door is colour contrasted
with surrounding surface
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures entrance door to area of refuge contrasts
with adjacent surfaces such that it is clearly
identified
7.1.5 Evacuation chair or similar equipment available and
easily understood
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides evacuation equipment for people with
mobility disabilities unable to use the stairs
independently (e.g., evacuation chair or roll)
Ensures site operations staff has been trained on
the proper use of equipment as part of an overall
evacuation strategy that has included feedback
from people with disabilities
7.1.6 Ground-level emergency exit is accessible 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures exit to exterior muster area of the site is
level (no steps) and has sufficient space on both
sides of the door, and that the door pushes open to
the outside with minimal force
Emergency Systems Page 208
Figure 42: Directional evacuation signage to refuge area
Figure 43: Directional evacuation signage to firefighter elevator and refuge area
7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment
7.2 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
Maximum Score: 15 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
7.2.1 Visual fire alarms generally visible throughout
facility and where people might expect to be alone
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures visual fire alarms operate in conjunction
with audible fire alarms and are visible in all public
gathering areas
REFUGE
AREA
DIRECTIONAL EVACUATION
SIGN TO A REFUGE AREA
REFUGE
AREA
DIRECTIONAL EVACUATION SIGN
TO A FIREFIGHTER ELEVATOR
Emergency Systems Page 209
7.2 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
Maximum Score: 15 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides visual fire alarms in all washrooms
throughout the facility and in front of all elevators,
as well as in storage rooms, parking garages, and
any places where people may be alone
7.2.2 Fire alarm pulls are at accessible height 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures fire and emergency alarm operators are
mounted at maximum height of 1,200 mm above
the finished floor (AFF) and are tamper-proof to
prevent accidental activation
7.2.3 Fire-fighting equipment at accessible height 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures fire extinguishers, hoses and related
equipment are mounted at accessible heights in
an accessible location
7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions
Easily readable emergency procedures and exit route maps are critical to
everyone’s safety. To ensure everyone, including people who have low vision, has
access to this critical information, the evacuation instructions for the site need to
appear in large print (minimum of 14 point) and in high contrast (red on white or
vice versa preferred), and to include a floor plan diagram with clearly marked exit
points. These signs are to be mounted at a maximum centreline height of 1,200
mm above the finished floor (AFF) and to have a clear space of 1,200 mm × 750
mm in front at all times.
Emergency Systems Page 210
7.3 SITE EVACUATION INSTRUCTIONS
Maximum Score: 20 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
7.3.1 Evacuation instructions on non-reflective surface 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures emergency evacuation instructions are
mounted on a matte surface
7.3.2 Evacuation instructions in large print and high
contrast
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures the site’s evacuation instructions appear
in large print (minimum of 14 point) and in high
contrast (red on white or vice versa preferred)
Ensures emergency evacuation instructions
provide high contrast with surrounding surfaces
without glare
7.3.3 Instructions include a floor plan diagram with clearly
marked exit points
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures emergency evacuation instructions
include tactile and Braille lettering and a clear map
or graphic of evacuation routes with clearly
marked exit points
7.3.4 Signs mounted at accessible height with clear space
directly in front
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures signs are mounted at a maximum
centreline height of 1,200 mm AFF and always
maintain a clear space of 1,200 mm × 750 mm in
front
Emergency Systems Page 211
7.4 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas for improving emergency systems include:
Specific equipment to evacuate people with mobility disabilities where exit
routes are not accessible or in the event of an unrecoverable elevator
failure. [Note: Manually taking wheelchair users down steps without a
mechanical advantage is difficult and even dangerous for all parties, even
those with training. Multi-storey facilities should be equipped with at least
one Evacu-Trac (emergency evacuation chair) or other similar device
designed to get people with mobility restrictions — including wheelchair
users — out via the stairs without risk to the individual or the person
assisting.]
An evacuation chair in a fire-resistant enclosure.
A fire-resistant enclosure (in refuge area) with an independent electrical
supply.
A fire-resistant elevator.
Emergency planning that specifically includes people with disabilities and
features disability awareness training for staff so they understand how to
safely evacuate or move people with disabilities to emergency refuges.
Glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or handrails at exit stairs.
All accessible entrances are also designed to serve as emergency exit
routes.
A reserved stairway with clear signage for use by emergency responders,
such as the fire service.
Two-way communication system in the refuge area.
An AC power outlet in the refuge area.
Lighting to assist people to wayfind out of an alarm zone.
Low-mounted exit signage that is mounted 480 mm above the finished
floor (AFF) to assist all users along exit routes — particularly people who
are blind or have low vision.
Additional Use of Space Page 212
8 Additional Use of Space
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
8.1 Workstations 21
8.2 Public Assembly 27
8.3 Exhibit Space 27
8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation 44
8.5 Outdoor Recreation 13
8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars 29
8.7 Retail Outlets 35
8.8 Playgrounds 17
8.9 Fitness Centre 30
8.10 Pool 40
8.11 Change Room 22
8.12 Mail Service 17
8.13 Shared Laundry Room 19
8.14 Storage Facilities 19
8.15 Viewpoints 29
8.16 Visitor Centre/Information Kiosk 28
8.17 Picnic Areas 23
Total Maximum Score 440
Description
This category includes additional areas that are specific or unique to a site. These
areas include swimming pools, cafeterias, play areas, retail outlets and fitness
centres. They must be included in the overall RHFAC rating if they are present.
Additional Use of Space Page 213
8.1 Workstations
8.1 WORKSTATIONS
Maximum Score: 21 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.1.1 Circulation to all work areas 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures aisles are clear throughout work areas —
typically 915 mm or wider
Ensures storage, boxes or other obstacles are not
stored in aisles
Ensures sharp edges and corners, or immovable
obstructions, are blunted or otherwise mitigated
8.1.2 Chairs are adjustable 4 Minimum requirements:
Ensures chairs move up and down and recline with
ease
Maximum points:
Ensures chairs have adjustable armrests and
lumbar support
Ensures chairs both with arms and without arms
are available
8.1.3 Outlets and switches are at accessible heights 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures AC outlets and data ports are mounted at
universal height — typically a centreline height of
480 mm above the finished floor (AFF)
Ensures light switches, room controls and security
pads are located at universal height — typically a
centreline height of 900–1,200 mm AFF
8.1.4 Desk height adjustable 3
Additional Use of Space Page 214
8.1 WORKSTATIONS
Maximum Score: 21 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has typical operating range of 600–1,200 mm AFF
8.1.5 All workstations are appropriate size for expected
usage
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides workstations that accommodate all users
8.1.6 Task lighting is available 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides desk lamps and individually controlled
lighting
8.2 Public Assembly
Refer to CSA B651-12, 6.7.3 Viewing spaces in assembly areas, p. 135-138, for
additional details.
8.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLY
Maximum Score: 27 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.2.1 Accessible seating with line of sight 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures sightlines from accessible seating
positions are not blocked if people stand up in
front of them
Includes space for wheeled mobility devices —
typically 850 × 1,200 mm
8.2.2 Accessible seating evenly distributed 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Additional Use of Space Page 215
8.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLY
Maximum Score: 27 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures accessible seating is available throughout
the room/facility (e.g., at front and back of house
as well as in the centre to create choice for users)
8.2.3 Adjacent seating for companions 4 Minimum requirements:
Ensures companion seating is located directly
beside the user — not behind or separated in any
way
Ensures companion seat is not fixed
Ensures companion seating is wheelchair
accessible
Maximum points:
Ensures companion seat is higher than a standard
chair — 500–560 mm above the finished floor
(AFF) to make conversation with people using
wheelchairs easier and more natural
8.2.4 Accessible ticket counter 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures knee space under counter is provided,
allowing people using wheelchairs to face the clerk
directly when carrying out transactions such as
processing a payment, obtaining a washroom key,
etc.
Maximum points:
Ensures an induction loop or other assistive
listening device is available at the ticket counter to
support people who are deaf or hard of hearing
Additional Use of Space Page 216
8.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLY
Maximum Score: 27 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures all ticket counters provide universal
counter height — typically 865 mm AFF
Ensures ticket counter surfaces are high contrast
with adjacent surfaces
8.2.5 Access to stage by performers and audience 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures stage is accessible from the wings and
backstage
Maximum points:
Ensures stage is accessible from the front of the
house and audience
8.2.6 Access to all backstage facilities 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all areas, including dressing rooms,
washrooms, green room, etc., are accessible to
most people with disabilities
Additional Use of Space Page 217
Figure 44: Terraced viewing spaces and sightlines (measurements in mm)
Additional Use of Space Page 218
8.3 Exhibit Space
8.3 EXHIBIT SPACE
Maximum Score: 27 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.3.1 Accessible path of travel 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures an accessible aisle or aisles are provided
throughout the exhibit space as well as to facility
services, such as washrooms, food services, etc.
Maximum points:
Provides tactile walking surface indicators
(TWSIs) along routes through displays
Ensures path of travel is clearly delineated using
high-contrast surfaces and features
8.3.2 Seating dispersed throughout space 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures seating with back support and at least
one armrest is available at approximately 30 m
intervals, plus anywhere people might be
expected to wait (e.g., lineups for popular
exhibits)
8.3.3 Accessible sight lines for all displays 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear sightlines for people in the seated
position
8.3.4 Accessible interactive devices 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures controls are mounted at accessible
heights
Additional Use of Space Page 219
8.3 EXHIBIT SPACE
Maximum Score: 27 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Maximum points:
Ensures self-serve kiosks meet standards of
CAN/CSA B651.2-07
8.3.5 Accessible operable controls 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures controls are operable without tight
grasping or twisting of the wrist
8.3.6 Alternative media for all audio/video presentations 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures support for people who are blind or have
low vision so they may enjoy display or exhibit
(e.g., descriptive video services, sign language
coverage (live or video) of presentations, and
captioning of all video presentations)
8.3.7 Alternative media for all descriptive information 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures alternative formats such as large print,
audio and Braille versions, of the information
8.3.8 Information in alternative languages for major
exhibits
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures multilingual information about exhibits is
available
8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation
Additional Use of Space Page 220
8.4 LODGING AND TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION
Maximum Score: 44 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.4.1 Entrance door is fully automated or easily opened
with self-closer
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides power-operated or manual door with
low resistance closer
8.4.2 Accessible door hardware 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Uses lever handles or equivalent, as they are
more convenient for everyone
Ensures door handles, pulls, latches, locks and
other operational devices are operable with one
hand, using minimal force, and not requiring fine
finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or
twisting of the wrist; conventional round
doorknobs should not be used in public sites
Ensures levers return to the door surface or are
otherwise designed so they do not catch clothing
or other objects
Ensures handles contrast visually with the door
8.4.3 Accessible options for bed heights and no platform 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Height of top of bed allows for transfer to and
from a wheelchair, or for people with knee or
back problems to get in and out of bed —
508-584 mm above the finished floor (AFF);
platform beds are generally too low to the
ground
Additional Use of Space Page 221
8.4 LODGING AND TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION
Maximum Score: 44 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures space under the bed accommodates
portable lift; platform beds generally have
insufficient space
8.4.4 Adequate number of rooms accessible 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an adequate number of accessible rooms
are available for expected use, dispersed
throughout the site and not concentrated in a
single area
Ensures accessible rooms are dispersed among
the different classes of available rooms
Ensures at least one accessible room is available
in each class
8.4.5 Additional rooms adaptable 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures rooms not designated as accessible
provide basic access, such as an accessible entry
door and bathroom door
8.4.6 All controls and outlets are within reach
recommendations
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides switches and room controls within easy
reach — ideally 1,066 AFF
Ensures AC outlets are within easy reach —
ideally 480 mm AFF
8.4.7 Design of toilets, showers and bathrooms meet the
needs of all potential guests
3
Additional Use of Space Page 222
8.4 LODGING AND TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION
Maximum Score: 44 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures toilets, showers and bathrooms meet
basic accessibility requirements
Please refer to the Sanitary Facilities category for
additional details.
8.4.8 Emergency alarm systems have both audible and
visual signals
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides strobe (visual) and audible warnings in
both room and washroom
8.4.9 External spaces and patios are accessible 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures threshold height does not exceed 13 mm
and threshold has bevelled edges
Maximum points:
Provides flush transitions across all thresholds
8.4.10 Storage space with clear floor space, closets with
shelves at variety of heights
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures storage areas have flexible,
easy-to-adjust shelves that accommodate all
users
Ensures units are within reach
Ensures clear floor space to allow for
manoeuvring
8.4.11 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Additional Use of Space Page 223
8.4 LODGING AND TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION
Maximum Score: 44 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.4.12 Adequate ratio of mix of rooms with roll-in
showers and regular showers
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides roughly 50/50 split of accessible
showers and tubs with showers
Please refer to the Sanitary Facilities category for
additional details.
8.4.13 A second door viewer at accessible height 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures door viewer is at accessible height —
typically 900–1,200 mm AFF
8.4.14 Viewing window sills at recommended height with
reachable opening and/or locking mechanisms
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures sightlines out the window
Provides windows with hand crank or other
accessible operating system within easy reach
Maximum points:
Ensures window coverings are operable by
people with reduced dexterity
Additional Use of Space Page 224
8.5 Outdoor Recreation
8.5 OUTDOOR RECREATION
Maximum Score: 13 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.5.1 Accessible pathways to all facilities and amenities 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures all pathways throughout the recreation
facility are accessible to people using wheeled
mobility devices
Maximum points:
Ensures pathways offer support to people who
are blind or have low vision, including tactile
walking surface indicators (TWSIs), high-contrast
markings, tapping rail and scented gardens
8.5.2 Seating 4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures accessible seating is available along
routes at 30 m intervals and at facilities
Maximum points:
Ensures a variety of different seating types
8.5.3 Shelter 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures weather protection is provided
8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars
Cafeterias, restaurants and bars are where people gather and intermingle. Thus,
everyone who uses these public spaces must have equal access to and within
them.
Accessible requirements include:
Additional Use of Space Page 225
Ensuring aisles throughout a facility are clear of any obstructions and are
easy to access.
Ensuring products on shelves are within easy reach for people using
wheelchairs or other mobility devices. Operators are encouraged to stack
products vertically to ensure some of each product is available for people
with different ranges of motion.
Ensuring doors on coolers and/or shelves are sliding, rather than swing type.
Ensuring menu or display boards are large and positioned to avoid shadow
areas and glare.
Ensuring cash areas are configured with an accessible counter height and
knee clearance at each checkout.
Ensuring condiment counters have a clear work surface space for food
preparation. Packaged condiments are difficult for people with poor
dexterity because of the small packets and the finger strength required to
open them. Tamper-proof, bulk supplies on accessible condiment tables are
preferred.
Ensuring seating for people with disabilities is dispersed throughout a
restaurant, cafeteria or bar. A mixture of chairs with arms and chairs without
arms should be available in each setting. As well as being inaccessible for
people using wheelchairs or scooters, fixed seating such as booths are
generally difficult for people with mobility disabilities and for older adults. If
booths are used, alternative seating at accessible tables must also be
available. Chairs need to be light and easy to reposition. Bench seating
should provide good back support and have a minimum kick space
underneath at least one-third of the seat depth. Where bar seating is
provided, each bar needs to have a lowered section to accommodate two
people using wheelchairs and/or people unable to use high stools.
Ensuring tables are universally accessible. Separate, designated positions for
people using wheelchairs or people who have mobility disabilities are
segregating. Minimum clearance under a table to accommodate people
Additional Use of Space Page 226
using wheelchairs is 680 mm knee clearance and 810 mm width between
table legs. Tabletop height should range from 730 mm to 860 mm, and
corners should be rounded — any sharp, square corners should be
eliminated.
8.6 CAFETERIAS, RESTAURANTS AND BARS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.6.1 All facilities and amenities are accessible to
everyone
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures entry, aisles, and furniture arrangement
and style accommodate people with disabilities
8.6.2 Counter, table and bar at recommended accessible
heights, or variety of options
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures seating accommodates all users whether
at the tables, at the bar, or during counter service
(with lowered sections)
8.6.3 Clear path of travel 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures aisle widths are accessible and include
turnaround points at the end of the aisles
8.6.4 Variety of seating available 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides chairs both with and without arms;
[Note: booth seating is not considered accessible
seating.]
Ensures bench seating provides kick space,
armrest and backrests
8.6.5 Continuous tray rail in cafeterias, and condiments
and cutlery within reach
3
Additional Use of Space Page 227
8.6 CAFETERIAS, RESTAURANTS AND BARS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all products are within easy reach from a
seated position
8.6.6 Prices are clearly displayed 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures cash register displays are easily viewed by
all patrons
8.6.7 Vending and dispensing machines are accessible 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures coin slots or the payment system is
accessible from a seated position
Provides signage and instructions in a
high-contrast sans serif (easy-to-read) font
Ensures product retrieval is accessible to people
with reduced dexterity and/or range of motion
Maximum points:
Ensures vending machines meet standards of CSA
B651.2-07
8.6.8 Goods are within reach, vertically stacked where
possible
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures products are stacked vertically such that
some of each product is available for people with
different ranges of motion
8.6.9 Cash desk or point of sale (POS) location is accessible 5
Minimum requirements:
Additional Use of Space Page 228
8.6 CAFETERIAS, RESTAURANTS AND BARS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures each checkout counter in cash area is
configured with an accessible counter height and
knee clearance
8.7 Retail Outlets
Everyone must be able to access and use retail facilities. Some important features
include:
An integrated counter design incorporating a lowered counter surface as
the main service area
Knee space under cash and service counters permitting people using
wheelchairs to face the clerk and complete transactions
Minimum aisle widths of 920 mm that are kept clear of displays and clutter
Accessible racks that keep brochures and other materials within the reach
of people of all abilities
8.7 RETAIL OUTLETS
Maximum Score: 35 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.7.1 Access to all display areas and facilities 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides accessible aisles and turnaround points —
typically 915 mm and 1,500 mm, respectively
8.7.2 Display units are solid, stable and adequately
illuminated
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures display units are well anchored and well lit
8.7.3 Clothes racks within accessible reach 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear space around clothing racks is
provided, and racks are within easy reach for
Additional Use of Space Page 229
8.7 RETAIL OUTLETS
Maximum Score: 35 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
people using wheelchairs or those in a seated
position
8.7.4 Front-opening slider doors on refrigerators and
freezers
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures coolers have sliding doors, not swing-open
doors
8.7.5 Goods are clearly visible, within reach, vertically
stacked where possible
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures goods are easily accessed from a seated or
standing position
Organizes products vertically (up and down), not
horizontally, on shelves to ensure products are
within easy reach for all users
8.7.6 Clear path of travel 5
Minimum requirements:
Provides accessible routes throughout facility
8.7.7 Cash desk or point of sale (POS) location is accessible 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures each checkout counter in cash area is
configured with an accessible counter height and
knee clearance
8.7.8 Prices are clearly displayed 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures prices and cost of sale are clearly visible on
the shelves as well as at the point of sale; this is
especially important for people who are deaf or
Additional Use of Space Page 230
8.7 RETAIL OUTLETS
Maximum Score: 35 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
hard of hearing, because it is sometimes difficult to
engage in a conversation
Figure 45: Accessible checkout lane (measurements in mm)
CHECKOUT
LANE
CASHIER
920 MIN
WIDTH OF ACCESSIBLE CHECKOUT LANE
Additional Use of Space Page 231
8.8 Playgrounds
8.8 PLAYGROUNDS
Maximum Score: 17 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.8.1 Adequate space for all children and their caregivers to
move through, in, and around the play space
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an accessible pathway to, and throughout,
the play space
8.8.2 Surface is firm, stable and able to absorb the shock of
a fall to help prevent injuries
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures safety surface is continuous throughout the
play space
Ensures transitions are flush or less than 13 mm
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
8.8.3 Accessible play space features such as sensory
components that promote active play experiences
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides scented gardens or plantings
Provides quiet areas to support children with
autism, Asperger syndrome, or attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder, allowing autonomous
play
Provides stand-alone play features, such as spring
rockers or teeter-totters
8.8.4 Seating 3 Minimum requirements:
General (all types of facilities):
Additional Use of Space Page 232
8.8 PLAYGROUNDS
Maximum Score: 17 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures access to seating is direct and
unobstructed; for people using walking aids, rest
areas are critical
Ensures seating is located on a level, firm, and
stable area and does not obstruct circulation routes
Ensures seating visually contrasts with surrounding
surfaces
Incorporates clear spaces for people using
wheelchairs or scooters, or pushing strollers, so
they can sit alongside one another and with their
companions
Provides a clear space at the end of the seating for
a service dog to rest
Provides a variety of seating options to suit
different people, including seats with and without
armrests, and seats with backrests
Maximum points:
General (all types of facilities):
Ensures seating or rest areas have back support and
at least one armrest
Provides adequate heel space to allow people to
easily stand up
Ensures rest area is clearly visible and identified
with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture and
colour)
Additional Use of Space Page 233
8.9 Fitness Centre
8.9 FITNESS CENTRE
Maximum Score: 30 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.9.1 Number/variety of accessible fitness equipment 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures equipment is available to accommodate
people using wheeled mobility devices, (e.g.,
equipment with swing away or removable seats)
Provides equipment expressly designed for people
with disabilities (e.g., arm cycles, TheraBand, Cuff
weights, VitaGlide, functional electrical stimulation
(FES) bike, or other FES equipment)
8.9.2 Raised stretching mat 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides a platform with a padded surface
between 450 and 600 mm above the finished floor
(AFF)
Provides an adjacent 1,200 × 760 mm clear space
for transfers from wheeled mobility devices
Provides a grab bar on an adjacent wall
8.9.3 Gymnasium space with adjustable basketball/
volleyball nets
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides adaptable equipment that is height
adjustable
8.9.4 Lockers variable heights or recommended accessible
height
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides lockers with an operating height
900-1,200 mm AFF
Additional Use of Space Page 234
8.9 FITNESS CENTRE
Maximum Score: 30 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.9.5 Service counter accessible 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures counter is accessible to people using
wheeled mobility devices — knee clearance under
counter and universal counter height is typically
865 mm AFF
Maximum points:
Supports people who are deaf or hard of hearing
with an assistive listening device, such as an
induction loop
Provides task lighting
Ensures contrasting surfaces
Ensures cash register display is clearly visible to
clients
8.9.6 Water fountain accessible 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Meets standards of CSA B651-12 for heights, cane
detection and operation
8.9.7 Clear width of path of travel 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides accessible routes throughout facility
8.10 Pool
8.10 POOL
Maximum Score: 40 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.10.1 Deck surface is level, firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Additional Use of Space Page 235
8.10 POOL
Maximum Score: 40 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures pool deck surfaces are non-slip and as
dry as possible, and provides direct routes to
pool lifts or ramps, to change facilities, and to
showers
8.10.2 Colour-contrasted edge around pool 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has high-contrast line or markings located
approximately 915 mm from the edge of pools or
hazards that users can use to navigate safely to
and from changing rooms
8.10.3 Clear path of travel 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures a clear path of travel around the pool
and to the changing room with adequate width
and no obstructions
8.10.4 Marked pathway from change room to pool access 4
Minimum requirements:
A marked accessible route is provided through
the change room to the pool facilities (e.g., pool,
hot tub)
8.10.5 Entrance ramp into pool or mechanical lifts into
pool (2 required)
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures at least two accessible means of water
entry and exit are located on accessible routes,
unless a wet ramp or zero-depth entry ramp is
provided
Additional Use of Space Page 236
8.10 POOL
Maximum Score: 40 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.10.6 General safety equipment is accessible height and
location
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Indicates the location of safety equipment clearly
using symbols or icons in high contrast and
mounted at accessible heights; a clear space
should be provided in front of the equipment for
access by people using wheeled mobility devices
8.10.7 Pool wheelchair 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides an aquatic chair with push rims
whenever a wet ramp is used as an accessible
means of water entry and exit
Provides at least one aquatic chair with a seat
height 450 mm above the deck and a minimum
seat width of 480 mm
Ensures armrests are located on both sides of the
aquatic chair seat, with at least one armrest
capable of being moved away from the side of
the chair
8.10.8 Lockers variable height or accessible 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures approximately half the total number of
lockers have an operating height between 900
mm and 1,200 mm above the finished floor (AFF)
8.10.9 Colour-contrasted handrails on stairs into pool 4
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
8.10.10 Colour-contrasted strip on nosing of stairs 4
Additional Use of Space Page 237
8.10 POOL
Maximum Score: 40 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures each step edge has non-slip nosing or a
colour-contrasted strip on the tread to visually
highlight the step edge and improve depth
perception
Ensures non-slip nosings or contrasting strips
extend the full width of the step and are of
adequate width
Uses a single colour for contrasting strips
Avoids using strong patterns that could create
visual confusion
8.11 Change Room
Accessible change or locker rooms allow everyone to participate in recreational
activities, including swimming, playing sports and using fitness equipment. If
available, the change room must be accessible with a clear path through the door
and to all facilities. Lockers should have accessible operating mechanisms and be
available at accessible height. An adult change table should always be available to
allow people with mobility disabilities to change clothes, either independently or
with an assistant. Adjustable-height tables are preferable, as they allow the height
to be adjusted to fit the user and/or an attendant.
8.11 CHANGE ROOM
Maximum Score: 22 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.11.1 Surface is level, firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures floor surfaces are matte finish and non-
slip (even when wet), with good drainage
Additional Use of Space Page 238
8.11 CHANGE ROOM
Maximum Score: 22 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.11.2 Clear path of travel 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures a clear path of travel to all amenities,
including the entrance, showers and pool
Ensures there are no obstructions, including
benches
8.11.3 Adult change table with privacy 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
A manually operated variable-height adult change
bench or table to assist people who are unable to
stand while getting dressed; a variable-height
gurney could be used instead of the bench if
placed beside a wall
Ensures change table is designed for a minimum
load of 1.33 kN (300 lbf.)
Ensures clear floor transfer space parallel to the
long side of the table not less than 760 mm wide
and 1,500 mm long.
If fold-down table, should be installed so it does
not encroach into the clear transfer space
provided
Ensures no operating mechanisms are higher than
1,200 mm.
Ensures change table is in a location that ensures
privacy
Please refer to Sanitary Facilities category. Showers
element.
8.11.4 Accessible lockers 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Additional Use of Space Page 239
8.11 CHANGE ROOM
Maximum Score: 22 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures lockers are easy to reach and in an
accessible location
Ensures operating mechanism is easy to use with
minimum effort; it must be operated with one
hand and not require tight pinching, grasping, or
twisting of the wrist
Ensures approximately half the total number of
lockers have an operating height between 900 mm
and 1,200 mm above the finished floor (AFF)
8.11.5 Seating 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures seating is available adjacent to lockers
Ensures seating has backrest and a non-slip
surface when wet
Ensures access to seating is direct and
unobstructed
Ensures seating visually contrasts with surrounding
surfaces
8.12 Mail Service
8.12 MAIL SERVICE
Maximum Score: 17 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.12.1 Accessible height or different heights 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides an equal number of unit mailboxes
mounted at accessible (lower) heights and higher
heights
Additional Use of Space Page 240
8.12.2 Space for knee recess at transaction points 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures any service desks, tables, or work surfaces
in mailrooms provide knee clearance and clear
space and depth underneath to allow access for
people using wheeled mobility devices
8.12.3 Clear space for approach 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures a minimum of clear space of 1,200 mm ×
760 mm in front of all mailboxes to accommodate
people using wheeled mobility devices
Provides wheelchair turning space inside the
mailroom
8.12.4 Clear signage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides signage using high-contrast, raised
lettering
Provides directional signage
8.12.5 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures lighting is flat and even with minimal
shadows
Provides task lighting at service desk and sorting
table (if present)
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section for
details.
Additional Use of Space Page 241
8.13 Laundry Room
Front-loading laundry equipment, both washers and dryers, most often provide a
higher level of accessibility. It is also important to provide clear floor space in
front of the washer and dryer to allow for manoeuvring and approach.
Operational requirements for all operable parts (e.g., doors, lint traps) and
controls (e.g., time or temperature settings, on/off button) should be at
accessible heights.
Dual-use equipment or stacked units could be acceptable if they show equivalent
or greater levels of accessibility than front-loading machines. However, most of
the stacking washer/dryers on the market do not meet the upper reach range
limit requirement.
Any work/folding surface and laundry sinks should also be accessible.
8.13 LAUNDRY ROOM
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.13.1 Accessible controls and payment options 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures operating mechanism is easy to use with
minimum effort; it must be operated with one
hand and not require tight pinching, grasping, or
twisting of the wrist
Ensures front controls at an accessible height
Payment options are accessible and reachable
Ensures audible tones indicate cycle operation
(e.g., cycle selection, on, off)
Ensures electronic functions (menu and cycle
display) are easy to read; information is
communicated using visual and tactile controls
Additional Use of Space Page 242
8.13 LAUNDRY ROOM
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Washers and dryers are raised on platforms to
reduce need to bend, stoop or lean over
8.13.2 Front loading only or variety of options 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures washing machines and dryers are front
loading; front-loading machines are generally
preferable to top-loading machines
8.13.3 Clear space for approach 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear space 915 mm wide across full width
and in front of washer and dryer that extends at
least 460 mm beyond each side.
Allows for parallel approach such that someone
using a wheeled mobility device can manoeuvre,
open the door and add/remove laundry
8.13.4 Clear signage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures directional signage to locate the laundry is
accessible
Ensures signage that provides instructions uses
high-contrast, raised lettering and is easy to read
8.13.5 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures lighting is flat and even with minimal
shadows
Provides task lighting at sorting table (if present)
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Additional Use of Space Page 243
8.14 Storage Facilities
8.14 STORAGE FACILITIES
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.14.1 Security and entry access system accessible 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures security and entry system to storage room
is located at accessible height and position
Ensures controls are located on latch side of door
and outside of door swing
Ensures clear space for approach
Ensures all devices contrast visually with
surrounding surfaces
8.14.2 Low threshold entry to storage unit 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures a raised threshold is a maximum of 13 mm
and is bevelled, ramped or rounded
Maximum points:
Ensures threshold is flush with adjacent floor
surface
8.14.3 Clear space for approach 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear space for access and manoeuvring
on both sides of the entrance with extra space on
the (pull) handle side
Provides safe unobstructed clearance from door
swing
8.14.4 Clear signage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures directional signage to locate the storage
facility is accessible
Additional Use of Space Page 244
8.14 STORAGE FACILITIES
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures signage that provides instructions uses
high-contrast, raised lettering and is easy to read
8.14.5 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures lighting is flat and even with minimal
shadows
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
8.15 Viewpoints
Viewpoints should be safe and accessible for everyone. It is essential that shelter
and seating is provided to allow people to safely rest and take in the
surroundings. Often, information is provided to explain the history or significance
of the area. This information should be easily read and interpreted by all users.
8.15 VIEWPOINTS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.15.1 Handrails/guardrails 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides adequate barrier for protection where
adjacent to steep slope or dangerous terrain
Ensure handrails/guardrails are colour contrasted
with adjacent surfaces
Ensures handrails do not block view of people who
are short of stature or who are using a wheeled
mobility device
8.15.2 Surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Additional Use of Space Page 245
8.15 VIEWPOINTS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
8.15.3 Viewing amenities accessible 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures information signs and maps are available
to indicate locations and provide descriptions of
points of interest
Ensures other amenities, as appropriate, such as
water, bicycle rack, waste receptacles, etc.
8.15.4 Level landings and clear space 5
Minimum requirements:
Provides level landings when a change in grade
exists within the viewpoint; ideally, the viewpoint
will be at a single elevation
Provides landings before and after an incline
Maximum points:
Ensures entire viewpoint is on single level or
elevation
8.15.5 Drainage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures crossfall is minimal but sufficient enough
to allow adequate drainage; does not permit
water accumulation or pooling that would create
slippery surfaces or lead to glare
8.15.6 Interpretive signage accessible 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures all information is accessible
Uses Arabic numerals and sans serif lettering
Additional Use of Space Page 246
8.15 VIEWPOINTS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures the size of the letters or symbols allows
the directory to be read from a reasonable viewing
distance
Provides high-contrast text and single-coloured
backgrounds
Ensures signs are efficiently worded
Uses international symbols or pictograms on
signage where useful
Maximum points:
Provides information in audio format
8.15.7 Seating 3 Minimum requirements:
Ensures access to seating is direct and
unobstructed; for people using walking aids, rest
areas are critical
Ensures seating is located on a level, firm, and
stable area and does not obstruct circulation
routes
Ensures seating visually contrasts with surrounding
surfaces
Incorporates clear spaces for people using
wheelchairs or scooters, or pushing strollers, so
they can sit alongside one another and with their
companions
Provides a clear space at the end of the seating for
a service dog to rest
Provides a variety of seating options to suit
different people, including seats with and without
armrests, and seats with backrests
Additional Use of Space Page 247
8.15 VIEWPOINTS
Maximum Score: 29 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Maximum points:
Ensures seating or rest areas have back support
and at least one armrest
Provides adequate heel space to allow people to
easily stand up
Ensures rest area is clearly visible and identified
with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture
and colour)
8.15.8 Shelter 2
Minimum requirements:
Provides minimal protection from weather
Maximum points:
Provides full coverage from weather
8.16 Visitor Centre and Information Kiosk
This element refers to visitor centres and information kiosks that are often
provided at recreation and tourist facilities to welcome and orient visitors. They
are typically located in a central location — near trailheads or adjacent to parking
areas. A visitor centre must be accessible to everyone. Access includes routes to
the facility as well as the facility itself.
8.16 VISITOR CENTRE/INFORMATION KIOSK
Maximum Score: 28 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.16.1 Located on accessible route of travel 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Additional Use of Space Page 248
8.16 VISITOR CENTRE/INFORMATION KIOSK
Maximum Score: 28 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures accessible routes connect with other
accessible elements in the outdoor environment,
such as accessible trail entrance, picnic areas,
restrooms and parking
8.16.2 Accessible entrance to facility 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures entrance is clearly identified, with clear
space on both sides of door and no level change or
ramp
Maximum points:
Provides power-operated door opener
8.16.3 Clear signage 3
Minimum requirements:
Provides clear directional signage from parking
and other accessible elements to accessible
entrance
Maximum points:
Provides clear informational signage, including
available information and services, such as beach
or trail wheelchair rental and guided tours
8.16.4 Counter is colour contrasted, accessible height or
different heights
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures counter surface is lowered to an
accessible height from floor, or provides surfaces
at different heights, with adequate manoeuvring
space on approach
Provides adequate knee clearance and depth
Additional Use of Space Page 249
8.16 VISITOR CENTRE/INFORMATION KIOSK
Maximum Score: 28 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures counter is colour contrasted with adjacent
surfaces
Maximum points:
Ensures main service counter is universally
accessible
8.16.5 Information, interactive kiosks and sales items
within accessible reach ranges
3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
8.16.6 Information available in a variety of formats 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides information in a variety of accessible
formats, such as large-text printed brochures and
posters, audio programs, subtitled video, and
accessible websites
8.16.7 Seating and shelter 3 Minimum requirements:
Provides seating and shelter outside or inside
Maximum points:
Provides seating and shelter both outside and
inside
8.17 Picnic Areas
Visitor amenities, such as picnic areas, are provided to enhance the public’s
experience in using trails and pathways.
Additional Use of Space Page 250
8.17 PICNIC AREAS
Maximum Score: 23 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
8.17.1 Appropriate number of accessible picnic tables with
seating
5
Minimum requirements:
If two or fewer picnic tables, ensures all tables are
accessible; if greater than two, most are accessible
and dispersed within the area to provide for a
variety of picnic experiences
Maximum points:
Ensures all picnic tables are accessible and
provides space for more than one wheelchair as
well as a choice of where to sit
8.17.2 Located on an accessible route of travel 5
Minimum requirements:
Is located on accessible routes connecting to other
accessible elements in the outdoor environment,
such as accessible trails, restrooms and parking
Maximum points:
Ensures picnic tables are fixed to prevent
movement away from accessible routes
8.17.3 Surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
8.17.4 Clear space around picnic table, fire pit and front of
barbecue grill
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures adequate space around picnic table and
fire pit, and in front of barbecue for most mobility
devices
Maximum points:
Additional Use of Space Page 251
Ensures adequate space around the picnic table,
fire pit, and in front of barbecue for all sizes of
mobility devices
8.17.5 Shelter option available 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Sheltered picnic area is available to provide
protection from weather
8.18 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas for additional use spaces described in the sections above
include:
Audio tours of exhibit areas
Tactile maps of exhibits or floor area
A sign language video that welcomes visitors to features in exhibit spaces
A visual signal along with a doorbell or door knocker at lodgings
Vibrating alarm clocks or bed shakers, or spoken word alarm clocks with
specific instructions at lodgings
High-contrast, large-print menus or menu boards at cafeterias
A power-operated variable-height change bench
Residential Units Page 252
9 Residential Units
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems 8
9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance,
Entrance to Outdoor Spaces
51
9.3 Unit Interior Doors 18
9.4 Unit Kitchen 52
9.5 Unit Hallways 14
9.6 Unit Interior Stairs 34
9.7 Unit Bedrooms/Closets 12
9.8 Unit Toilet Room 51
9.9 Unit Showers/Bathtubs 36
9.10 Unit Laundry 16
9.11 Unit General Requirements 19
Total Maximum Score 311
Description
This section describes the rating requirements for a single unit in a multi-unit
residential site. For the purpose of the rating system, multi-unit residential sites
include condominiums and apartments (low-rise and high-rise), and townhouses.
9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems
In residential sites, controlled-access security at both the entrance and
throughout the site is important. Electronic entry systems (e.g., keypads,
proximity readers, card swipes, locks, and intercoms) should be accessible for all
site users. They need to be clearly visible, within reach, and easy to understand
and operate.
Residential Units Page 253
9.1 UNIT SECURITY AND ENTRY SYSTEMS
Maximum Score: 8 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.1.1 Unit entry systems are located along accessible routes 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the route to the unit entrance or door is
accessible
9.1.2 Unit door entry systems accessible, easy to use, with
sufficient lock release time
4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures devices, such as locks and keypads, are
accessible to people with reduced dexterity and
reduced hand and arm strength
Positions entry system, locks and keypads to suit
people at a range of heights
Ensures keypad entry systems have raised buttons
easily located by touch; buttons contrast visually with
adjacent surface and have raised symbols, numbers
or letters arranged in a logical order
9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance, Entrance to Outdoor Spaces
The main entrance to a suite should allow occupants and visitors alike to safely
enter or exit the premises conveniently, independently and with minimal effort.
The entrance door should be easy to operate and wide enough to accommodate
all users. Entrance doors to residential units are typically manually operated swing
doors with automatic door closers, as required by Fire Code.
9.2 UNIT ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE
ENTRANCE, ENTRANCE TO OUTDOOR SPACES
Maximum Score: 51 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Residential Units Page 254
9.2.1 Unit entrance is accessible and doesn't require
alternative entrance
5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures at least one door or doorway to the
home is accessible
Ensures the interior circulation route to the
entrance is accessible, with a direct accessible
route to parking, elevators, the main site
entrance, etc.
9.2.2 Unit entrance is easy to identify 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures entrance is easy to locate
Ensures entrance door visually contrasts with
adjacent surfaces
Ensures the address of unit is clearly visible
Ensures the location of route(s) to the unit is
clearly obvious
9.2.3 Clear signage 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear directional and information signage
is provided, as appropriate
9.2.4 Unit door is lightweight or power operated 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures any manual doors are easy to open with
minimal force.
Ensures the force applied at the handle, push
plate, or latch-releasing device does not exceed
38 N (8.5 lbf.) for exterior doors
Maximum points:
Ensures suite has power-operated door
9.2.5 Accessible door hardware 5
Residential Units Page 255
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures door hardware is accessible (i.e., one-
hand operation and no grasping, pinching or
twisting required) and at an accessible height and
location; [Note: Large D-handles are easy to use
for people with mobility impairments.]
Provides kick plates to prevent possible damage
from wheelchair footplates
9.2.6 Level landing at entrance 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Has a flat, non-slip clear space at entry,
approximately 1,200 × 730 mm
9.2.7 Level threshold 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures a raised threshold is a maximum of 13
mm and is bevelled, ramped or rounded
Maximum points:
Ensures threshold is flush with floor surface
9.2.8 Clear space on interior and exterior of door 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides adequate space on both sides of the
door to assist people using wheeled mobility
devices to clear the door’s swing path — typically
600 mm on the pull side and 300 mm on the push
side
For a manually operated swing door, ensures a
person in a wheelchair or with a service animal
can approach the door, activate the door handle,
swing the door open, and pass through the door
with ease
9.2.9 Clear width of entry doorway 4
Residential Units Page 256
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
scooters, and for people with companions or
service dogs
Provides swing (hinged) door opening fully to 90°
and door handles that do not obstruct the clear
width
9.2.10 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.2.11 Doorbell or intercom at accessible height (if
available)
2
Minimum requirements:
Ensures doorbell or intercom are located at an
accessible height — typically 900–1,200 mm
above the finished floor ( AFF)
9.2.12 Door viewer at accessible height (if available) 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures door viewer is mounted between 900and
1,200 mm AFF
9.2.13 Shelter (if outdoor entry) 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides shelter (canopy, overhang, porch) for
protection
9.2.14 Entrance to outdoor balcony, patio and other
outdoor spaces is accessible
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures entrance is wide enough to
accommodate people using wheeled mobility
devices
Ensures entrance door and hardware are
accessible
Residential Units Page 257
Ensures entrance has low threshold
Innovation points awarded in this category could include:
A task light focused on an entry door lockset
Overall light levels approximately 25% higher than code minimum
Brighter doorway and entry hall lighting to support people who use sign
language
A place to put bags and/or parcels down next to the door while opening the
door
9.3 Unit Interior Doors
Doors, by their very nature, act as barriers and can have a significant influence on
accessibility. In some situations, conventional doors may not be necessary at all.
Instead, privacy may be achieved through the careful placement of walls and
screens.
Manual swing doors are generally found in residential facilities. For a manual
swing door, more space is required for manoeuvring on the pull side of the door
than on the push side — it is easier to push a door open than to pull it. Generally,
doors leading into rooms should open into the room, as doors that open outward
into the main circulation route present a hazard to site users. Inward-opening
doors should be installed to open against a side wall. The direction in which doors
open into rooms should be consistent.
9.3 UNIT INTERIOR DOORS
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.3.1 Clear width 5
Residential Units Page 258
9.3 UNIT INTERIOR DOORS
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
scooters, and for people with companions or
service dogs
Swing (hinged) door opens fully to 90° and door
handles do not obstruct the clear width
9.3.2 Level threshold 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures raised thresholds have a minimal change in
level and are bevelled, ramped or rounded
Maximum points:
Ensures thresholds are flush with floor surface
9.3.3 Accessible door hardware (if standard for all units) 4
Applicable or N/A
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures lever handles or equivalent are used, as
they are more convenient for everyone
Ensures door handles, pulls, latches, locks, and
other operational devices are operable with one
hand and with minimal force and do not require
fine finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or
twisting of the wrist
Ensures levers return to the door surface or are
designed so they do not catch on clothing or other
objects (U-shaped lever style or equivalent)
Ensures handles contrast visually with the door
Residential Units Page 259
9.3 UNIT INTERIOR DOORS
Maximum Score: 18 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.3.4 Clear space on outside and inside of door or doorway
(if not studio or similar single room)
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides clear and level space for access and
manoeuvring on both sides of the doorway
For a manually operated swing door, ensures a
person in a wheelchair or with a service animal can
approach the door, activate the door handle, swing
the door open, and pass easily through the door;
more space is required for manoeuvring on the pull
side of the door (door swings into this space) than
on the push side
9.4 Unit Kitchen
Kitchens are an integral part of how a home functions and are part of the social
fabric of a family. Accessible kitchens support intergenerational living, older
adults and seniors, and a generally more active community of people with
disabilities. Cupboards, work surface, and seating areas should colour contrast
with adjacent wall and floor surfaces. Counters, storage areas and appliances
should be located at an accessible height.
Refer to CSA B651-12, 7.4.4 Kitchens, p. 151-158, for additional details.
9.4 KITCHEN
Maximum Score: 52 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.4.1 Clear space for manoeuvring 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Residential Units Page 260
Provides adequate turning radius for people using
wheelchairs or scooters; people need to be able to
turn around within a kitchen
9.4.2 Sink faucet is automatic or has lever-type handle 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures sink faucet has lever-type handle or is
automated
9.4.3 Knee clearance underneath sink with safety
precautions, or easily modified
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides knee clearance for wheelchair users,
typically 680–760 mm
Ensures the lower shelf, typically provided under a
sink, is removed to enable a wheelchair user to
easily roll under it (floor extends under sink)
Ensures pipes are insulated, with no exposed
sharp edges or hazards
9.4.4 Accessible height sink 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures height allows a person in a seated position
to easily use the sink and faucets
9.4.5 Clear counter space adjacent to sink and appliances 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures counter space provides a work surface
800–915 mm wide to allow people to move items
into fridge, to place pots and dishes beside stove,
to prepare food, etc.
9.4.6 Accessible cooktop controls on front of unit, with no
reach required over elements
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures cooktop controls are safely and easily
accessed without reaching over elements
Residential Units Page 261
9.4.7 Knee clearance underneath cooktop, or easily
modified
3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures 680–760 mm of knee clearance to depth
less than 450 mm
Maximum points:
Ensures 680–760 mm of knee clearance to depth
of 450 mm
9.4.8 Microwave mounting height accessible and safe 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures the microwave is located on a counter
with 600mm of clear space on latch side of unit;
[Note: Raised units mounted under counters are
not accessible and are considered a significant
burn/scald hazard.]
Maximum points:
Has pull-out counter (cutting-board style)
underneath unit/counter
9.4.9 Vertical side-by-side style refrigerator 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures refrigerator has two doors — one freezer
compartment and one fridge (side-by-side)
Ensures fridge and freezer may be accessed
without having to bend down or reach
9.4.10 Counter at accessible height or variety of heights 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides height options that allow people to work
from either a standing or a seated position
Ensures counter heights are adjustable (manually
or automated)
Residential Units Page 262
9.4.11 Counter has electrical outlets within accessible reach
requirements
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an electrical receptacle is located at either
the side or front of a kitchen counter, rather than
at the back, eliminating the need to reach across a
counter
9.4.12 Accessible storage options 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides accessible storage space for people using
wheeled mobility devices
Ensures items may be accessed with minimal
bending or reaching
Provides flexible storage options (e.g., fold-down
shelves, pull-out drawers, circular shelving)
9.4.13 Well illuminated with accessible task lighting
available
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures flat, even light, with minimal shadows
Ensures task lighting at workstations and work
areas
9.4.14 Raised dishwasher 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures dishwasher is raised (150 mm) to make
loading/unloading easier; [Note: This will also
create a raised counter (1,066 mm) for use by
taller people using the kitchen facility.]
9.4.15 Cabinet hardware is accessible, with no grasp
required (if standard for all units)
3
Applicable or N/A
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Residential Units Page 263
Ensures the opening hardware is easy to use (i.e.,
operable with one hand, using minimal force, and
not requiring fine finger control, tight grasping,
pinching, or twisting of the wrist)
9.4.16 Rounded corners on counters and cabinetry 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures no sharp 90° corners; corners are rounded
Innovation points awarded in this category could include:
Touch faucets with visual temperature indicator
No-touch faucets with visual temperature indicator
Variable-height counters between 800 and 1,066 mm
Variable-height sinks
AC outlet on front face of counter
Induction cooktop replacing electric or gas cooktop, virtually eliminating fire
hazards and reducing the frequency of burns and scalding
9.5 Unit Hallways
9.5 UNIT HALLWAYS
Maximum Score: 14 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.5.1 Clear width 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
scooters, and for people with companions or
service dogs
Provides adequate turning radius for people using
wheelchairs or scooters; people need to be able to
turn around within a corridor, particularly when
the corridor is long
Residential Units Page 264
9.5 UNIT HALLWAYS
Maximum Score: 14 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures minimal sharp 90° corners; rounded
corners or corners allowing people to see others
approaching are helpful for people with hearing
disabilities
Provides clear headroom space across the entire
width and length of the hallway
9.5.2 Colour contrasted between wall and floor, with no
glare (if colours are standard for all units)
3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.5.3 No level changes requiring steps 3
Maximum/minimum requirements:
Ensures there are no steps if there is a change in
level
9.5.4 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.6 Unit Interior Stairs
9.6 UNIT INTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 34 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.6.1 Clear width 2
Minimum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, that could accommodate an inclined,
vertical platform lift (stair glide), typically 1066
mm.
Allows people in both directions to easily pass one
another
Residential Units Page 265
9.6.2 Tread is firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures treads and landings have a slip-resistant
finish or have slip-resistant strips
Ensures carpeting is used only on the tread (top of
step), but is not used continuously over the nosing
and throughout the flight of stairs
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.6.3 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
3
Minimum requirements:
Provides a landing at the top and bottom of each
flight of stairs
If more than one flight is required, provides
landings between each flight, ensuring the number
of steps in each flight is the same; the maximum
total rise for a flight of stairs is 1,800 mm, and the
maximum number of steps is 12
Maximum points:
Ensures landing surface is colour contrasted with
stairs
Ensures tactile attention indicators are placed at
the top of the steps to identify the staircase
9.6.4 Handrails 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides continuous handrails on both sides
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.6.5 Colour-contrasted strip on each step nosing (if
standard in all units)
5
Residential Units Page 266
Minimum requirements:
Ensures each step edge has a strip that colour
contrasts with the tread to visually highlight the
step edge and improve depth perception
Ensures non-slip nosing or a contrasting strip
extend the full width of the step and are of
adequate width (approximately 50 mm wide)
Ensures a single colour is used for contrasting
strips
Ensures strong patterns that could create visual
confusion are not used
Maximum points:
Ensures contrasting strip wraps around nosing and
continues down the riser so that it is visible when
both ascending and descending the stairs
9.6.6 Riser height and tread depth of steps 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures steps are consistent throughout with
uniform riser heights and tread depths;
inconsistencies in rise or tread depth can create
tripping hazards
Provides adequate dimensions to ensure safe
footing for all users
Ensures angle of riser face is greater than 60°
9.6.7 No open riser 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all step risers are closed and opaque;
open risers can be tripping hazards, a source of
visual confusion, or disconcerting; [Note: People
who wear leg braces or prosthetic devices need a
solid riser to guide the foot up the riser and over
Residential Units Page 267
the nosing to the next step; those who use canes
or crutches place them against the riser of the
next step in order to maintain balance.]
9.6.8 Nosing design 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures nosing is flush with riser
Where projecting nosings are used, ensures they
do not have sharp or abrupt edges or an underside
that prevents a foot from sliding up the riser and
that may cause tripping; projecting nosings must
be rounded or bevelled
Ensures projecting nosings are sloped to the riser
at an angle greater than 60° to the horizontal
9.6.9 No strong pattern on carpet or flooring (if standard
in all units)
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Flooring is light coloured and plain or has a simple
pattern; strong patterns, such as stripes and
checks, can create confusion for people with low
vision, and solid, dark colours can create a
“bottomless pit” effect
9.6.10 Height clearance 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear headroom is maintained throughout
the full length of the stairway and on any landings
Ensures stairs that are not enclosed and could
present an overhead hazard are protected to
prevent people from colliding with them
9.6.11 Well illuminated 3
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
Residential Units Page 268
9.7 Unit Bedrooms and Closets
9.7 UNIT BEDROOMS/CLOSETS
Maximum Score: 12 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.7.1 Clear space in front of closet door or clear width in
walk-in closet
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides a clear space typically 1,200 mm × 760
mm in front of closet door
9.7.2 Low mounted or adjustable hanger rods, and
accessible shelving
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an operating height 900–1,200 mm above
the finished floor (AFF)
Ensures approximately half the available storage is
below 1,200 mm AFF
9.7.3 Clear space on at least two sides of queen bed 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures aisle width is 800 mm
Bed is preferably queen size
9.7.4 Reinforced ceiling for lift 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides broad blocking between studs in ceiling,
allowing for new installations while providing
adequate load-bearing capacity; this eliminates
the need to remove walls and install blocking later
9.8 Unit Toilet Room
Accessible toilet rooms should be designed to accommodate wheelchair users,
persons with mobility challenges and those who need extra space. Here are some
general guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of toilet rooms:
Residential Units Page 269
Doors should be easy to open and close. They should be equipped with a
graspable pull on the inside face of the door as well as on the outside of the
door near the latch side.
Doors should open outward to provide ample room for wheeled mobility
devices to manoeuvre inside the toilet room.
Doors should be easy to lock. A sliding style of deadbolt lock is accessible to all
users, as long as it is operable with a closed fist. Rotary locks are not
appropriate, as they require good dexterity to operate unless modified to
include flanged handles.
Walls, floors, or other large fields of tile and colour should include high-
contrast features and areas to enhance depth perception and minimize
vertigo. To accommodate adaptive devices, an AC outlet should be provided
(or at least be roughed in) adjacent to each accessible toilet in anticipation of
electrically operated assistive devices for people with mobility disabilities,
(e.g., Toto toilets seats that wash and dry users automatically and/or lift toilet
seats). This should be required in all new construction.
9.8 UNIT TOILET ROOM
Maximum Score: 51 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.8.1 Accessible toilet room on the entry level 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the toilet room is accessible to all
residents and visitors, including people using
wheelchairs
9.8.2 Floor surface is stable, firm and non-slip 4
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.8.3 Entry doors have a minimum clear width 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
Residential Units Page 270
scooters, and for people with companions or
service dogs
Provides clear and level space for access and
manoeuvring on both sides of the doorway; a
person using a wheelchair or with a service animal
must be able to approach the door, swing the door
open, and pass through the door with ease; [Note:
More space is required for manoeuvring on the
pull side of the door (door swings into this space)
than on the push side.]
9.8.4 Entry door swings out or slides (if door available) 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the entry door swings out or slides and
does not encroach on the toilet room’s interior
space and clearance
9.8.5 Accessible entry door hardware (if door hardware is
standard for all units)
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures opening hardware on entry doors is easy
to use; door handles, pulls, latches, locks, and
other operational devices should be operable with
one hand and minimal force and not require fine
finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or twisting
of the wrist
Ensures locking hardware on entry doors allows
door to be unlocked from the outside in case of
emergency; [Note: Doors to washrooms and other
enclosed spaces which have no other exit should
not be equipped with deadbolts or other means of
security that can only be manipulated from the
inside. Instead, they are to be equipped with an
easily manipulated push-lock doorknob that can
Residential Units Page 271
be released from the outside with a special tool,
key or similar hardware.]
9.8.6 Clear space to manoeuvre and transfer 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has
clear space to turn and position themselves
adjacent to the toilet
Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has the
choice of preferred transfer arrangements (i.e.,
lateral, angled, frontal or rear)
Note: Overall required dimensions depend on the
door position and whether the door swings
inwards or outwards as well as whether the toilet
is wall hung or floor mounted.
9.8.7 Clear width of route to toilet 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient clear width allowing people
using wheelchairs or scooters to easily get to the
toilet
9.8.8 Reinforced walls for safe installation of grab bars 5 Minimum requirements:
Ensures walls are reinforced with wood blocking to
support grab bars beside toilet and in shower, per
CSA B651-12
Maximum points:
Ensures broad blocking between studs in walls
around toilet, tub and shower, allowing for new
installations and relocation of existing grab bars
while providing adequate load-bearing capacity
and eliminating the need to remove walls and
install blocking later
Residential Units Page 272
9.8.9 Toilet flushing mechanism within accessible reach
requirement
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures toilet flush handles are positioned on the
transfer side of the toilet (the side opposite the
wall), or within easy reach for a person who has
transferred back onto their wheelchair,
eliminating the need to reach over the toilet to
flush; [Note: For many people using wheelchairs,
people with mobility disabilities, people with poor
balance, and people who are blind or have low
vision, this reach creates an unnecessary falling
hazard.]
Ensures hand-operated flushing controls are
accessible and easy to use
Maximum points:
Ensures automatic toilets have a manual flush
override control within easy reach from the
transfer side of the toilet
Provides a high-tech toilet (e.g., Toto)
9.8.10 Power outlet near toilet 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures an AC outlet adjacent to accessible toilet
to accommodate adaptive devices (or at least has
a spot roughed in for the outlet)
9.8.11 Sink, counter and mirror are accessible 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures sink is mounted 900–1,200 mm above the
finished floor (AFF) and within 600 mm reach from
people using wheelchairs or in a seated position
Provides adequate knee clearance
Residential Units Page 273
Ensures hot water and drain pipes are offset to the
rear, insulated and covered, as this helps to
protect wheelchair users from burns and abrasions
Ensures faucets are easy to reach
Ensures a counter or shelf is available adjacent to
the sink
Ensures someone in either a seated or standing
position can see in the mirror
9.8.12 Cabinet hardware is accessible, with no grasp
required
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures the cabinet hardware, including handles,
pulls, latches, locks and other operational devices,
is easy to use (i.e., operable with one hand, using
minimal force, and not requiring fine finger
control, tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the
wrist)
9.8.13 Accessible storage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides accessible storage space for people using
wheeled mobility devices
Ensures items may be accessed with minimal
bending or reaching
Innovation points awarded in this category could include:
High-tech toilet (e.g., Toto)
Residential Units Page 274
9.9 Unit Showers and Bathtubs
9.9 UNIT SHOWERS/BATHTUBS
Maximum Score: 36 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.9.1 Floor surfaces are stable, firm and slip resistant 5
Minimum requirements:
Ensures floor is level with minimal slope provided
for drainage and includes an integral floor drain;
trench or channel drains are recommended.
Ensures flooring has a matte finish and is slip
resistant
Ensures there are no sharp edges or trims
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.9.2 Reinforced walls for shower and/or bath for
installation of grab bars
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures broad blocking between studs in walls
around toilet, tub and shower, allowing for new
installations and relocation of existing grab bars
while providing adequate load-bearing capacity,
eliminating the need to remove walls and install
blocking later
9.9.3 Roll-in shower or accessible tub 5
Residential Units Page 275
Minimum requirements:
Provides adequate clear floor area in front of
shower entrance
Provides adequate width of entrance
Ensures roll-in shower is easy to access by a
person in a wheelchair and has adequate clear
space for manoeuvring, with no impediments
Ensures threshold does not exceed 13 mm in
height and is bevelled at a maximum slope of 1:2
(50% or approximately 26°)
Maximum points:
Ensures shower threshold is flush with floor and
incorporates a strip, trench or linear drain
9.9.4 Clear space beside tub for transfers (if tub available) 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures a clear space beside the tub, typically
1,200 mm × 760 mm
9.9.5 Accessible water faucet/shower wand (if standard
for all units)
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures shower head is detachable and height is
adjustable to enable alternative showering
positions, both sitting and standing
Ensures hose length is adequate, typically 1,500
mm
Ensures control is within easy reach from a seated
position
Ensures faucet is operable with a closed fist and
requires minimal force (i.e., lever-operated)
Residential Units Page 276
Provides clearly identifiable and unambiguous
temperature and volume controls to protect users
from scalding water
Ensures water controls are located within easy
reach from a seated position; 1,200 mm above the
finished floor (AFF) and above the grab bar is
recommended
9.9.6 Recessed soap holders or shelves located within
easy reach from the seated position
4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures toiletries are easy to reach from a seated
position
Ensures soap holders or shelves do not impede
required clear space and are of adequate size to
hold toiletries
Maximum points:
Ensures towel bar and clothes hook are located
within easy reach
9.9.7 Colour contrasted between shower/tub tile floor or
base and front wall (if standard in all units)
4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures floor contrasts with front wall
9.9.8 Drainage 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures floor is level with minimal slope provided
for drainage and includes an integral floor drain;
trench or channel drains are recommended
9.10 Unit Laundry
Residential Units Page 277
9.10 UNIT LAUNDRY
Maximum Score: 16 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.10.1 Accessible controls 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures operating mechanism is easy to use with
minimum effort; it must be operated with one
hand and not require tight pinching, grasping, or
twisting of the wrist
Ensures front controls are at an accessible height
Ensures audible tones indicate cycle operation
(e.g., cycle selection, on, off)
Ensures electronic functions (menu and cycle
display) are easy to read; information is
communicated using visual and tactile controls
Washers and dryers raised on platforms to reduce
need to bend, stoop or lean over
9.10.2 Choice of front loading or top loading (if appliances
are provided for all units)
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures washing machines and dryers are front-
loading; front-loading machines are generally
preferable to top-loading machines
9.10.3 Clear space for approach 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures clear space 915 mm wide across full width
and in front of washer and dryer that extends at
least 460 mm beyond each side
Allows for parallel approach such that someone
using a wheeled mobility device can manoeuvre,
open the door and add/remove laundry
9.10.4 Well illuminated 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Residential Units Page 278
9.10 UNIT LAUNDRY
Maximum Score: 16 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures lighting is flat and even with minimal
shadows
Provides task lighting at sorting table (if present)
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
9.11 Unit General Requirements
9.11 UNIT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
9.11.1 Unit has both audible and visual fire/smoke alarm 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides suite with both audible and visual fire or
smoke alarm(s), visible throughout the premises
9.11.2 All controls and outlets are within accessible reach
requirements
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all room controls (e.g., light switches,
security panels and thermostats) are accessible,
typically 900–1,200 mm above the finished floor
(AFF)
9.11.3 Space/framing is provided for future residential lift
(if multiple level)
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
In multi-level units, ensures an elevator shaft is
framed in for future use
9.11.4 Window sills are low enough for easy viewing with
accessible hardware (if viewing window available)
4
Residential Units Page 279
9.11 UNIT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Maximum Score: 19 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures sills are approximately 915 mm AFF
9.12 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas for residential units described in the sections above
include:
Doorbells and call buttons that give visual and audible indication of their
operation.
Provides glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or handrails to illuminate route
during a power outage.
Trails and Pathways Page 280
10 Trails and Pathways
The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this
category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category
total.
Site Element Maximum Score
10.1 Trail and Pathway Features 42
10.2 Trail/Pathway Exterior Ramp 31
10.3 Trail/Pathway Exterior Stairs 38
10.4 Trail/Pathway Wayfinding and Signage 14
Total Maximum Score 125
Description
Accessible pedestrian trails are typically front country, including greenway trails,
short-distance hiking trails and interpretive trails. Some trails are only accessible a
portion of the length due to topography and other constraints.
Fully accessible trails must meet guidelines related to surfaces, width, grade,
resting intervals, edge protection and obstacles. In order to make a trail
accessible, surfaces must be firm and stable.
The trail width should be at least 1,200 mm, although 1,500 mm is preferred to
allow for passing space for people using wheelchairs or scooters. Passing spaces
should be provided at least every 610 mm if the trail width is less than 1,500 mm.
The running slope of the trail should be minimized, and regular level landings
should be provided.
10.1 Trails and Pathway Features
Here are some guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of pathway
features:
Trails and Pathways Page 281
Exterior pathways should be level or gently sloped and should provide
adequate width to accommodate the expected number of people, including
people using power wheelchairs and scooters. If pathways are narrow, then
passing places should be provided at a reasonable frequency.
Pathways should be safe for all users, free of obstacles, well illuminated, easy
to find, and well integrated with any stairs or ramps along the route.
They should include any necessary crosswalk markings and curb ramps. If the
route is long, seating should be provided.
10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
10.1.1 Trail/pathway entrances accessible 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures any gates are simple and easy to open,
with no level change or ramp
10.1.2 Clear width (or passing spaces at regular intervals) 5
Minimum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
Provides passing areas at reasonable intervals if
width is less than 1,500 mm
Ensures minimal 90° sharp outside corners on
pathway
Trails and Pathways Page 282
10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures pathway is wider in front of shops and
bus stops
Maximum points:
Allows at least two people using wheelchairs or
people pushing strollers to easily walk alongside
or pass one another
10.1.3 Surface is level, firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.1.4 No obstacles on path or overhead 4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures obstacles or protruding objects in the
path of travel are cane detectable
Ensures portable signs are not permitted on the
path of travel
Ensures path is clear of bins, bicycles, leaves
Where trees are located in the path of travel,
ensures the base is protected by a tree grate or
tree guard, which is cane detectable
Provides clear headroom space across the entire
width and length of the pathway to eliminate
collision hazards for people who are blind or have
low vision; recommended clear minimum
headroom is 2,030 mm
10.1.5 Clearly marked pedestrian crossings (if in path of
traffic)
3
Minimum requirements:
Provides logical and understandable directional
signage
Trails and Pathways Page 283
10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures crosswalks are clearly marked on the
pavement
Ensures crossings are located where they are
clearly visible, safe, and convenient for all users
Maximum points:
Provides a variety of clear wayfinding cues
Ensures crosswalks have additional alerts, such as
visual and audible signals
Provides a raised crossing
Uses zebra markings to indicate uncontrolled
crossing
10.1.6 Path is level or low-gradient slope (when not
accommodated by ramp)
5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.1.7 Seating (at regular intervals, before level changes
and decision points)
4
Minimum requirements:
Ensures access to seating is direct and
unobstructed; for people using walking aids, rest
areas are critical
Ensures seating is located on a level area and
does not obstruct circulation routes
Ensures seating areas are clearly signed and
identified
Ensures seating areas visually contrast with
surrounding surfaces
Incorporates clear spaces for people using
wheelchairs or scooters, or pushing strollers, so
Trails and Pathways Page 284
10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
they can sit alongside one another and with their
companions
Provides a clear space at the end of the seating
for a service dog to rest
Provides a variety of seating options to suit the
needs of different people
Provides resting areas with seating off path of
travel if long route and/or steep grade; rest areas
are extremely important for people using canes
or crutches
Ensures surface on which seating is located is
level, firm and stable
Maximum points:
Ensures seating or rest area provides back
support and at least one armrest
Provides adequate heel space to allow people to
stand up with ease
Ensures rest area is clearly visible and identified
with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture
and colour)
Provides regular, frequent, predictable intervals
for intended use and before level changes;
seating intervals are 10 m, if possible
Ensures seating areas are level and within sight of
one another
Provides shelter
10.1.8 Curb, barriers or guardrails (if drop-off at edge of
trail/pathway)
3
Trails and Pathways Page 285
10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Minimum requirements:
Minimizes potential falls by ensuring there are no
sharp drop-offs or elevation changes from the
pathway into planting beds or landscaping
Clearly defines pathway edges by a change in
texture or tonal contrast to help people who are
blind or have low vision stay on the path
Provides edge protection on either side of a path
to prevent accidents where a change in level
exists
Provides suitable protection if the path is
adjacent to a vehicular route or if it is a shared-
use route (e.g., shared with other users such as
cyclists)
Uses guardrails or barriers where there is a
significant change in level; they should visually
contrast with surrounding surfaces
Ensures guardrails or barriers are designed to
allow people with lower eye level, such as people
using wheelchairs and children, to see and be
seen through railings, and to be detectable for
people who have low vision
Maximum points:
Provides tactile walking surface indicators
(TWSIs)
Provides visually contrasting surfaces in high
pedestrian traffic areas
10.1.9 Well illuminated (if required for expected usage) 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Trails and Pathways Page 286
10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES
Maximum Score: 42 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
The complete pathway is brightly lit, with current
best practice at 60 lux
10.1.10 Drainage 3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures crossfall is minimal but sufficient enough
to allow adequate drainage; does not permit
water accumulation or pooling that would create
slippery surfaces or lead to glare
Ensures drainage channels do not obstruct path
of travel
Maximum Points:
Ensures grate is high contrast relative to
surrounding surfaces
10.1.11 Fixed items nearby colour contrasted and cane
detectable (if available)
2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures any fixed items along the route, such as
manholes, utility poles, and furniture (e.g.,
bollards, seating, disposal bins, drinking
fountains), are located off the path of travel, if
possible
Ensures any fixed items located on the path of
travel are cane detectable and clearly indicated
using a contrasting colour
10.2 Trails and Pathways Exterior Ramp
Here are some guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of exterior
ramps:
Trails and Pathways Page 287
Exterior ramps should be provided in areas along a route where the gradient
exceeds 5% (1:20). A maximum rise of 450 mm between landings and a
maximum ramp length of 9,000 mm is also recommended.
Long ramps with a significant change in elevation should be avoided, as they
can be difficult for some people to use. Alternatives, such as an elevator or
escalator, may be suitable for some locations.
Ramps should provide adequate width to accommodate the expected number
of people, including power wheelchairs and scooters.
To ensure safety, they should be equipped with accessible handrails or edge
protection and good illumination.
Surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. Level landings are required at
both the top and bottom of each run, between runs, and wherever a ramp
changes direction.
Ramps can have one of the following configurations:
o Straight run
o 90° turn
o Switchback or 180° turn
Circular or curved ramps are not recommended. As well, ramps within stairs
(S-ramps) can be hazardous to people who have low vision, people with
mobility restrictions, and people using walking aids.
10.2 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR RAMP
Maximum Score: 31 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
10.2.1 Slope 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.2.2 Clear width 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
Trails and Pathways Page 288
10.2 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR RAMP
Maximum Score: 31 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
10.2.3 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
4
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides landings at top and bottom of each run
Provides intermediate landings between runs and
where ramps change direction, for resting,
manoeuvring, and avoiding excessive speed
Provides adequate turning space for people using
wheelchairs or mobility aids, people with
strollers, or people with service dogs
10.2.4 Surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 4
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.2.5 Handrails 5
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.2.6 Edge protection 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures curbs or protective barriers (e.g., raised
barrier or rail) are on both sides of ramp and on
landings to prevent wheelchair casters or crutch
tips from slipping off edge
Maximum points:
Trails and Pathways Page 289
10.2 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR RAMP
Maximum Score: 31 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures edge protection contrasts visually with
ramp surface
10.2.7 Colour-contrasted and slip-resistant strip 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures ramp surfaces contrast visually with
landing surfaces to highlight change in plane to
people with low vision
Ensures top and bottom landings have colour
contrasted strip
Important: Ensures tactile attention indicators,
such as truncated domes, are not used on ramps
as they are not designed for this purpose
10.2.8 Well illuminated (if required for expected usage) 3
N/A only if no power or policy is day use only
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Illuminates ramp and landing surfaces so they
can be used safely at any time
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.3 Trail and Pathway Exterior Stairs
Stairs are inherently hazardous. They need to be well dimensioned to provide a
stable footing and to ensure the safety and comfort of all users. They should not
be steep, and surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. Stairs should be
equipped with accessible handrails and tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs),
and be kept clear of all obstacles, including litter and leaves.
Trails and Pathways Page 290
Stairs should be provided in conjunction with a ramp to offer choice and to meet
all users’ needs. Where possible, the top and bottom of a ramp should be
adjacent to the top and bottom of an associated set of stairs.
Single steps should be avoided in an access route, as they are not as obvious as a
longer flight of stairs and may present a tripping hazard. If a change in level is
equivalent to the rise of a single step, the surface should be gently graded. Stair
dimensions should be consistent throughout a flight of stairs. Circular stairs and
stairs with tapered treads should be avoided, as they can be difficult for people
with low vision to navigate.
10.3 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 38 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
10.3.1 Handrails 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures handrails are continuous on both sides
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.3.2 Tread surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures treads and landings have a slip-resistant
finish or are provided with slip-resistant strips
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.3.3 Clear width 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Trails and Pathways Page 291
10.3 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 38 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for
expected number of people
Provides sufficient clear width, free from
obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or
electric scooters, or for people with companions
or service dogs
Allows one- or two-way flow of people,
depending on the nature of the facility
Allows people to easily pass one another at the
same time when approaching from different
directions
10.3.4 Level landings with clear space and at regular
intervals
3
Minimum requirements:
Ensures landings are provided at the top and
bottom of each flight, with the length equivalent
to the step width
Provides landings at reasonable intervals
throughout the stairway to break up significant
difference in level
Ensures landings extend along full width of stairs
Ensures there are no stepped landings
Ensures landings are unobstructed by door
swings
Maximum points:
Ensures landing surface is colour contrasted with
stairs
10.3.5 Tactile attention indicators 5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Trails and Pathways Page 292
10.3 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 38 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures tactile attention indicators are placed at
the top of the stairs to notify people who are
blind or have low vision
Ensures material is contrasting in colour with the
surrounding surface material and of a different
texture
Ensures indicators extend the full width of the
stairs and are of sufficient length in the direction
of travel to provide adequate warning to people
who are blind or have low vision
Note: Hazard warning surfaces are generally not
used on intermediate landings, as this can give a
false impression that the end of the flight of
stairs has been reached. However, hazard-
warning surfaces are used on an intermediate
landing that meets with another path of travel or
circulation route. Stairs intended primarily for
emergency egress do not require TWSIs.
10.3.6 Colour contrasted strip on nosing 4 Minimum requirements:
Ensures each step edge has a strip that colour
contrasts with the tread to visually highlight the
step edge and improve depth perception
Ensures non-slip nosing or a contrasting strip
extends the full width of the step and is of
adequate width
Ensures a single colour is used for contrasting
strips
Ensures no strong patterns are used that could
create visual confusion
Trails and Pathways Page 293
10.3 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 38 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Maximum points:
Ensures contrasting strip wraps around nosing
and continues down the riser so that it is visible
when both ascending and descending the stairs
10.3.7 Riser height, and tread depth 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures steps are consistent throughout with
uniform riser heights and tread depths;
inconsistencies in rise or tread depth can create
tripping hazards
Ensures dimensions are adequate to provide safe
footing for all users
Ensures angle of riser face is greater than 60°
Ensures the total rise for a flight of stairs is
appropriate; if more than one flight is required,
the number of steps in each flight is the same
Ensures there are no single steps in an access
route
10.3.8 No open riser 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures all step risers are closed and opaque;
open risers can be tripping hazards, a source of
visual confusion, or disconcerting; [Note: People
who wear leg braces or prosthetic devices need a
solid riser to guide the foot up the riser and over
the nosing to the next step; those who use canes
or crutches place them against the riser of the
next step in order to maintain balance.]
10.3.9 Nosing design 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Trails and Pathways Page 294
10.3 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR STAIRS
Maximum Score: 38 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures nosing is flush with riser
Ensures, where projecting nosings are used, they
do not have sharp or abrupt edges or an
underside that prevents a foot from sliding up
the riser and that may cause tripping; projecting
nosings must be rounded or bevelled
Ensures projecting nosings are sloped to the riser
at an angle greater than 60° to the horizontal
10.3.10 Well illuminated (if required for expected usage) 3
N/A only if no power or policy for day use only
Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.
10.3.11 Drainage 2
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Ensures steps, treads and landings have adequate
drainage to prevent water pooling
10.4 Trail and Pathway Wayfinding and Signage
This element pertains to wayfinding and signage located on trails and pathways.
Good wayfinding ensures everyone knows where they are in an environment,
where their desired location is, and how to get there from their present location.
Wayfinding is important for navigating access on and around nature trails and
pathways due to the possible unfamiliarity and often changing outdoor elements.
People need visual cues such as maps, directions and symbols to help guide them
to their destinations. Effective wayfinding systems contribute to a sense of well-
being, safety and security.
Access to information about trails and pathways is very important to everyone,
both to enhance the experience and for safety. Adequate signage increases the
Trails and Pathways Page 295
comfort and confidence of users in navigating the trail system and promotes trail
use. A variety of information formats may be used to convey trail information.
Here are some general guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of
wayfinding and signage on trails and pathways:
Written information should be provided in alternative formats such as Braille,
large print, multiple languages, or an audible format (e.g., the text of a
trailhead sign could be made available on pre-recorded audio). In addition,
simplified text and reliance on universal symbols provides information to
individuals with limited reading abilities or limited understanding of the local
language.
On-trail signage is essential in ensuring users do not become disoriented. It
allows them to accurately estimate their ability to meet the challenges
required with their choice of route, and to ensure they can find their way back
to parking or the trailhead.
Trail and pathway signage should be part of a cohesive plan. It should be
designed consistently and follow universal design guidelines, with
consideration given to the aesthetics and to its compatibility with the natural
environment.
Signs should be located where they can easily be seen by trail users. They
should present information in a format that users find easy to understand.
Text should be limited to what is necessary, supplemented by universally
understood graphics.
An effectively designed sign face is clear, concise, simple, and legible with well-
spaced typography and plenty of space in the margin. Universal symbols
should be used when possible.
The chart below is a guide to determining the minimum letter size based on
the desired maximum distance at which a proposed sign is to be viewed.
Viewing distance
(feet)
Capital letter height
(inches)
0 –20 0.75
21 –27 1
28 –41 1.5
Trails and Pathways Page 296
42 –55 2
56 –83 3
84 –111 4
The most basic trail signs are those identifying the trail. They may provide the
name of the trail, mark the route of the trail, or include simple information,
such as difficulty rating, mileage point, and symbols showing allowable uses of
the trail. Identification of the trail is often incorporated into the directional
sign.
Trailhead Signs or Directories
A trailhead directory is a map of the trail or system located at the start of a trail. A trailhead directory should include all the information users need to select an appropriate and safe trail. Items may include:
trail-specific trail symbol
running slope (average and maximum grade)
surface type
firmness and stability
known trail hazards
cross-slope (average and maximum)
cumulative elevation change (gain and loss)
profile of the trail grade showing changes in surface type and accessibility
clear tread width (minimum and average)
tread obstacles (magnitude and frequency)
any major height obstacle, such as boulders, in the trail tread
All information on the trailhead directory should be accessible, using only Arabic
numerals and sans serif lettering. The size of the letters or symbols should also
allow the directory to be read from a reasonable viewing distance.
Trailhead signs may be posted on an informational kiosk if it is at the trailhead of
a single trail. In locations without a trail-specific kiosk, the single-sided trailhead
sign should be posted conspicuously so that it is readily visible to users entering
Trails and Pathways Page 297
the trail. At secondary trail junctions and road crossings, marker posts may be
used to provide trail-specific information instead of using trailhead signs.
10.4 TRAIL/PATHWAY WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE
Maximum Score: 14 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
10.4.1 Trail/pathway accessible route length indicated at
trailhead with terrain details
5
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Provides directional (destination or wayfinding)
signs for accessible routes at trailheads, trail
junctions and road crossings
Where an accessible trail meets a non-accessible
trail, posts clear route signage
Ensures distances of trails are clearly displayed on
directory, including accessible trail segments
Ensures the directory clearly specifies the type(s)
of surfaces that are used on trails
Ensures directory clearly specifies average width
for each trail, minimum trail width, and the width
of the narrowest points in the trail
Ensures directory clearly specifies average running
slope and cross slope for each trail
Ensures directory indicates where the steepest
grade and the maximum cross-slope occur
10.4.2 Distance markers along route 3
Minimum requirements:
Displays the mileage from either end of the trail or
from a designated trailhead
Marks distance at regular intervals (minimum of
400 m)
Maximum points:
Trails and Pathways Page 298
10.4 TRAIL/PATHWAY WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE
Maximum Score: 14 Points
Max.
Points
Manda-
tory
Ensures design of distance markers consistent
along the entire length of the trail
Ensures markers are placed at 160 m intervals
10.4.3 Amenities and/or point of interest signage (if
available)
3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Displays types of amenities, direction and distance
10.4.4 Accessible interpretive signage (if available) 3
Minimum/maximum requirements:
Points out features of interest along the trail in a
variety of formats
Educates trail users about those features (i.e.,
natural, cultural, historical or recreational), using
symbols and simple descriptions
10.5 Ideas for Innovation
Some innovative ideas for trails and pathways include:
A navigation and informational mobile app that provides a variety of
information about accessible trails and pathways, such as their location and
level of difficulty
A designated area for animal relief with supplies and waste receptacle
Technical Language Glossary Page 299
Technical Language Glossary Developing a vocabulary of relevant technical terms to accurately describe the
built environment as it relates to accessibility is critical. The terms and definitions
provided in the table below were obtained from recognized sources, including the
Rick Hansen Foundation, Canadian Standards Association (CSA) B651-12
Definitions, the Centre for Excellence in Universal Design (CEUD), Dictionary of
Construction, Wikipedia, Global alliance on Accessible Technologies and
Environments (GAATES), United States Access Board, CNIB Clearing Our Path, City
of Kitchener Urban Design Manual, Washington State.
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
Accessibility The degree to which a product, device,
activity, facility, service or environment
allows everyone to participate fully and is
available to everyone on an equal basis.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Accessible A site, building, and its facilities that can
be approached, entered, and used by
people with physical disabilities. (CSA)
A person with disabilities is, without
assistance, able to approach, enter, pass
to and from, and make use of an area
and its facilities, or both, as required by
this code. (BCBC)
CSA B651-12
BC Building Code
2012 (BCBC)
Accessible design Design focused on principles of extending
standard design to people with some
type of performance limitation to
maximize the number of potential
customers who can readily use a product,
site or service.
Centre for
Excellence in
Universal Design
(CEUD) www.universaldesign.ie
Technical Language Glossary Page 300
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
Accessible route A pedestrian path of travel within the
interior or exterior environment that is
without barriers, as defined in the CSA
Standard, and usable by all persons,
including those with physical disabilities.
CSA B651-12
Alternative
(alternate)
format
Information presented in Braille, in large
print, on tape, or electronically.
CSA B651-12
Amenity Anything that adds to a person’s comfort
or convenience.
CSA B651-12
Amenity zone A designated area, adjacent or connected
to an accessible route, that provides
amenities and services (e.g., street
furniture, mailboxes, telephones) and
can include utilities such as light posts,
hydrants, etc.
Authority having
jurisdiction
A person who has the delegated
authority to determine, mandate, and
enforce code requirements established
by jurisdictional governing bodies.
Dictionary of
Construction
Barrier A condition that prevents someone’s full
participation in the activities of daily
living.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Barrier:
Attitudinal
An assumption or perception about a
disability, held by oneself or others,
either purposefully or inadvertently, that
may limit or prevent someone's full
participation in their communities.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Barrier:
Awareness
A lack of understanding of the extent of
social, health and economic impact of
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Technical Language Glossary Page 301
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
disability and of motivation to care and
take action.
Barrier:
Education
A lack of appropriate access — whether
physical or attitudinal — to educational
experiences and/or training and skills
development.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Barrier:
Employment
A lack of access to meaningful, relevant
and economically self-sustaining work.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Barrier: Health A lack of cures and care that contribute
to an individual’s state of well-being in
body and/or mind.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Barrier: Physical A feature of a site, structure, technology,
system, space or an environment that
may prevent or limit someone’s ability to
fully participate in that designed
environment.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Blended
transition
A connection with a slope of 1:20 (5%) or
less between the level of a pedestrian
walkway and the level of a crosswalk.
CSA B651-12
Bollard A short vertical post.
A variety of structures to control or direct
road traffic, such as posts arranged in a
line to obstruct the passage of motor
vehicles.
Wikipedia
Building A permanent or temporary structure of
any size that accommodates facilities to
which people have access.
A site accommodating sanitary facilities
may include a toilet block in a public park
or shower facilities at a campsite.
CEUD
Technical Language Glossary Page 302
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
A temporary building may include
portable toilet facilities such as those
provided at outdoor events.
Building user A person regardless of age, size, ability or
disability using facilities in a site or
associated external environment.
CEUD
Cane detectable Any object or a change in surface texture
that falls within the detection range of a
long white cane.
GAATES
http://gaates.org
Channelization The separation or regulation of
movements into definite routes of travel.
United States
Access Board
Colour contrast A significant contrast in colour between
the foreground and the background of an
element, e.g., light on a dark background
or dark on a light background (70%
contrast between characters and the
background is considered an appropriate
contrast for people with low vision).
CNIB
www.cnib.ca
Crosswalk That portion of a pedestrian crossing that
is within the vehicular right-of-way.
CSA B651-12
Curb ramp (curb
cut, dropped
curb)
A sloped surface built into a curb.
A lowered section of curb between a
pavement and roadway forming a level
or flush crossing point.
CSA B651-12
CEUD
Designated car
parking
Car parking spaces reserved for the use
of car users with disabilities, whether as
motorists or passengers.
CEUD
Disability A broad term that describes a physical
condition that may require consideration
to ensure their full participation in the
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Technical Language Glossary Page 303
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
activities of daily living and community
involvement.
Glare The reflection from a surface. CSA B651-12
Grille
An opening of several slits side by side in
a wall or metal sheet or other barrier,
usually to let air or water enter and/or
leave but to keep larger objects including
people and animals in or out.
CEUD
Gutter The sloped drainage area directly in front
of a curb or curb ramp.
CSA B651-12
Illumination The intensity of light (or brightness), as
measured in lux (symbol: lx). The lux is a
unit of luminance and luminous
emittance. It is a measure of how much
luminous flux or visible light (measured in
lumens) is present on a given surface
area. One lux is equal to one lumen per
square metre.
Brightness for incandescent lights is
measured in watts (power), whereas
brightness for new CFL and LED light
bulbs is measured in lumens. There is not
a direct conversion between the two. A
60-watt incandescent light bulb is
equivalent to an 800-lumen LED light
bulb, while a 100-watt incandescent light
bulb is equivalent to a 1,600-lumen LED
light bulb.
CSA B651-12 &
Wikipedia
CNIB
City of Kitchener
Urban Design
Manual
Inclusion The practice of eliminating the labelling
of people by ability and instead ensuring
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Technical Language Glossary Page 304
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
everyone has an equal opportunity to
fully participate in all aspects of
community life and services.
Intersection A junction where two or more routes of
travel (vehicular or pedestrian) meet or
cross.
CSA B651-12
Park and ride The formal provision of car parking linked
with either bus or rail services.
CEUD
Passenger pickup
area
An area where pedestrians board and
disembark road vehicles.
City of Kitchener
Urban Design
Manual
Pedestrian area An area where pedestrian traffic is
permitted. It applies to both exterior and
interior spaces and can include
walkways, halls, corridors, and aisles, as
well as open spaces such as lobbies, atria,
malls, or parks.
CSA B651-12
Pedestrian
crossing
The combination of crosswalk segments,
curb ramps, or blended transitions,
medians, and refuge islands that connect
departure and arrival walkways across a
vehicular right-of-way.
CSA B651-12
Pedestrian
right-of-way
That portion of the public right-of-way
that is dedicated to the unrestricted
movement of persons.
CSA B651-12
Pedestrian route A continuous and unobstructed path of
travel within a pedestrian circulation area
that provides accessibility.
CSA B651-12
Physical
disability
A physical condition (mobility, visual and
hearing) that may require consideration
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Technical Language Glossary Page 305
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
to ensure full participation in the
activities of daily living and community
involvement.
Platform lift An elevating device that is installed at a
permanent location in a site structure
and is used to transport persons with
disabilities on a platform that moves
between permanent levels.
Enclosed stair lift — an inclined lift where
the platform runway is separate from the
stair circulation space.
Enclosed vertical lift — a vertical lift with
an enclosed platform runway.
Unenclosed stair lift — an inclined lift
where the platform or chair runway is
within the stair circulation space.
Unenclosed vertical lift — a vertical lift
with a partially enclosed or unenclosed
platform runway.
CSA B651-12
Public
right-of-way
Private property or public land, usually in
interconnected corridors, that is acquired
for or devoted to pedestrian and
vehicular purposes.
CSA B651-12
Raised crossing A crossing where the crosswalk is
elevated between 80 mm and 150 mm
above the adjacent road surface, with
CSA B651-12
Technical Language Glossary Page 306
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
ramps on the approaches. It is designed
to reduce speeds and draw attention to
the crosswalk and the pedestrians, so
that pedestrians can traverse the road
safely.
Ramp A sloping walkway leading from one level
to another, which has a running slope
with a ratio steeper than or equal to 1:20
(5%).
Walkways with a running slope shallower
than 1:20 are not considered to be ramps
in the context of the CSA Standard.
CSA B651-12
Raised
intersection
A flat raised area that covers an entire
intersection, with ramps installed on all
vehicular approaches. The intersection is
usually raised to the level of the
sidewalk, or slightly below to provide a
“lip” that is detectable by persons with
low vision.
CSA B651-12
Shared-use
walkway
A path of travel, separate from a
vehicular route, where pedestrians on
foot and those using various types of
mobility aids (e.g., manual or power
wheelchairs, scooters, canes, long white
canes, walkers, or crutches) share space
with persons who use non-motorized
items (e.g., skateboards, inline skates,
bicycles).
CSA B651-12
Technical Language Glossary Page 307
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
Signal controlled
intersection
An intersection where movement of
pedestrians and vehicles is regulated by
signals and designated signage installed
by authorities having jurisdiction.
CSA B651-12
Signage Information provided in the form of
visual and tactile communication that
incorporates one or more of the
following elements:
(a) alphanumeric symbols;
(b) pictograms;
(c) illustrations (plans, etc.); or
(d) Braille.
CSA B651-12
Sign controlled
intersection
An intersection where movement of
pedestrians and vehicles is regulated by
designated signage installed by
authorities having jurisdiction.
CSA B651-12
Slip lane/
uncontrolled
access ramp
A channelized vehicular route without
stop controls that connects two vehicular
rights-of-way.
CSA B651-12
Slope (gradient) The ratio of rise to run on an inclined
surface.
Running slope — the slope that is parallel
to the direction of travel.
Cross slope — the slope that is
perpendicular to the direction of travel.
Gutter slope — the crossfall of the
drainage area at the edge of the street
directly in front of a curb ramp.
Washington State
Technical Language Glossary Page 308
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
Counter slope — the combined sum of
the running slope of a curb ramp and of
the gutter slope, in percentages.
Soffit The underside of any construction
element, the underside of a flight of
stairs.
CEUD
Spinal cord injury A spinal cord injury occurs when trauma
(such as a fall or a traffic accident) or
disease (such as a tumor or spina bifida)
damages the spinal cord, resulting in
partial or complete paralysis.
Rick Hansen
Foundation
Splitter island A flush or raised island that separates
entering and exiting traffic (e.g., at a
roundabout intersection).
CSA B651-12
Stair nosing The leading edge of a step or landing.
An edge part of the tread that protrudes
over the riser beneath. If it is present,
this means that, measured horizontally,
the total “run” length of the stairs is not
simply the sum of the tread lengths, as
the treads overlap each other.
CEUD
Wikipedia
Stair rise The rise of each step is the vertical
distance from the top of one tread to the
top of the next tread.
Stair riser The vertical portion between each tread
on the stair. This may be missing for an
“open” stair effect.
Wikipedia
Stair run The horizontal distance between two
risers or from nosing to nosing.
Technical Language Glossary Page 309
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
Stair tread The part of the stairway that is stepped
on. The tread “depth” is measured from
the outer edge of the step to the vertical
“riser” between steps (it is usually 1 in.
more than the run). The “width” is
measured from one side to the other.
Wikipedia
Street furniture Items located in street and other
pedestrian environments, such as lamp
posts, litter bins, signs, benches, and post
boxes.
CEUD
Tactile markings Lettering or graphics that are slightly
raised above the surface.
CSA B651-12
Tactile walking
(paving) surface
A standardized surface, detectable
underfoot or by a long white cane, to
assist persons with low vision or
blindness by alerting or guiding them.
(CSA)
A profiled paving or textured surface that
provides guidance or warning to
pedestrians with visual difficulties.
(CEUD)
CSA B651-12
CEUD
TWSI (tactile
walking surface
indicator)
Standardized walking surfaces
that convey information to people
with vision loss through texture
and, occasionally, sound.
There are two types of TWSIs:
Attention TWSIs — sometimes called
warning TWSIs, call attention to key
CNIB Clearing Our
Path
http://www.clearin
gourpath.ca/3.3.0-
twsi_e.php
Technical Language Glossary Page 310
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
hazards such as the start of a staircase or
the edge of a platform.
Guidance TWSIs — also known as
wayfinding TWSIs, provide information
about the direction of travel through
open spaces. They are designed to guide
a person on a designated path of travel.
Transfer space An unobstructed area allowing the
positioning of a wheelchair to enable a
person to transfer to another adjacent
seated position.
CSA B651-12
Universal Design The design of products and environments
to be usable by all people, to the greatest
extent possible, without the need for
adaptation or specialized design. (Rick
Hansen Foundation)
Universal Design = Usable Design =
Understandable Design (understanding
the user).
For example, an older person may
require many resting places due to
discomfort when walking for long
distances. (CEUD)
Rick Hansen
Foundation
CEUD
Vehicular
right-of-way
That portion of the public right-of-way
dedicated to the movement of motorized
(mechanically propelled) vehicles for the
transport of persons or goods. This
includes roadways, transit ways, and rail
lines.
CSA B651-12
Technical Language Glossary Page 311
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY
Term Definition Source
Walk interval That phase of a traffic signal cycle during
which a pedestrian is to begin crossing,
typically indicated by a WALK message or
the walking person symbol and its
audible equivalent.
CSA B651-12
Wayfinding A consistent use and organization of
definite sensory cues in the environment
used to guide a person from one point to
another.
CSA B651-12
References Page 312
References
Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2007, August). International Best Practices
in Universal Design, A Global Review. Retrieved from http://www.chrc
ccdp.ca/sites/default/files/bestpractices_en.pdf
CNIB. (2018, February). Clearing our Path. Retrieved from:
http://www.clearingourpath.ca/site/2.1.0-layout_e.php
CSA Group. (2015). Accessible design for the built environment, B651-12, 2012
CSA Group - Reprinted with revisions October 2015. ISBN 978-1-55491-929-1.
Levine, D. (2003). NYC Guidebook to Accessibility and Universal Design. Center for
Inclusive Design & Environmental Access, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, ISBN 0-9714202-3-8. Retrieved from
http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/udny/udny2.pdf
National Disability Authority (NDA). (2018, February). In Centre for Excellence in
Universal Design (CEUD). Retrieved from www.universaldesign.ie
Queen’s University. (1997). Queen’s University Accessibility Guidelines. Retrieved
from: http://www.queensu.ca/camplan/reports/aguide/
University at Buffalo. School of Architecture and Planning. In Center for Inclusive
Design and Environmental Access (IDeA Center). Retrieved from:
http://idea.ap.buffalo.edu
United Nations Secretariat. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA).
(June 2013). Accessibility and Development: environmental accessibility and its
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implications for inclusive, sustainable and equitable development for all.
Retrieved from:
http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/accessibility_and_development_ju
ne2013.pdf
United Nations. Accessibility for the Disabled: A Design Manual for a Barrier Free
Environment. In Enable. Retrieved from:
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/designm/index.html
United States Access Board. (2018, February). In Guidelines and Standards.
Retrieved from: https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards