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The Revolutionary War. (AKA – The American War for Independence). War vs. Revolution. Revolutionary War – Military American Revolution – Social. The Contenders…. Britain. The Contenders…. United States of America. War in the North (1776-78). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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(AKA – The American War for Independence)
Revolutionary War – Military
American Revolution – Social
Britain
Strengths Weaknesses
Loyalists in Colonies Distance
Superior Navy Lack of enlisted soldiers
Formidable Army Financial Strain
Population in England Eventual lack of public support
Many enemies
United States of America
Strengths Weaknesses
State militias Loyalists/Slaves
Declaration Few well trained soldiers
New allies Lack of supplies
Persistence/courage
Summer, 1776 – Warships arrive in New York HarborLed by brothers General William Howe and
Admiral Richard, Lord Howe
End of 1776 – William Howe captures ¼ of Washington’s men.
Force Washington to retreat into Pennsylvania
12/25/1776 – Washington attacks Hessian fort in Trenton, NJ
1/3/1777 – Washington attacks British troops at Princeton, NJ
Significance of Trenton and Princeton…Boosted morale all aroundBritish would pretty much flee NJ and head for
the Big Apple.American forts built in Morristown, NJ by
WashingtonNJ Loyalists were disarmed; leaders jailed
Post-Jersey battles – Marquis de Lafayette joins Washington (19 years old)
Lets Americans know that France is paying attention
King Louis’ proof is in Saratoga…Summer 1777 – Colonel Barry St. Leger
marches south along Lake Ontario; General Burgoyne will come from Quebec.
Ft. Stanwix – 750 Continentals hold off 1,900 British
Burgoyne captures Ticonderoga (8,300 troops/Hessians)
General Horatio Gates fights two battles in Saratoga10/17/1777 Burgoyne and 5,800 troops surrender
FRANCE IS IN!February 1778 – France recognizes United
StatesJune 1778 – France joins the American causeVictory at Saratoga shows American possibilityJune, 1779 – Spain joins war as a French allyHolland was united against England, allying
with America
August, 1777 – 16,000 Continental troops occupy Philadelphia; General Howe lands 18,000 troops near Philadelphia
September 11, 1777 – Armies meet at Brandywine Creek, PA.
October 4 – Howe defeats Washington again at Germantown, PA
Washington retreats to Valley Forge.
Can’t forage at Valley ForgeWinter, 1777-78 – Washington and army stay at
Valley ForgeBaron Friedrich von Steuben arrives from
Prussia and trains the army.Daily training and drills increase effectiveness
and confidence in army
June, 1778 – British leave Philadelphia for NYJune 28 – Washington catches up to British at
Monmouth Court House, NJGeneral Henry Clinton retreats to NYCThis victory ends the battle for the North
Tensions between settlers and Natives are high
1776 – Cherokee begin attacking settlers in NC; settlers strike back by burning most towns.
Settlers force most Cherokee to sign treaties giving up most land in SC, and some land in NC and TN
Feb, 1779 - Colonel George Rogers Clark leads KY militia north of OH river and take Vincennes.
May, 1779 – John Bowman leads militia and destroys Shawnee villages
August, 1779- Daniel Brodhead destroys Delaware and Seneca
Pro-British Iroquois – led by Mohawk Joseph Brant
1778 – Brant campaigns through PA and NY frontiers
1779 – General John Sullivan attacks Iroquois villages, fights one battle (near Elmira, NY)Defeat Brant, burn several dozen villages,
destroy corn1780 – Brant’s warriors attack Tuscarora and
Oneida and spend 2 years attacking in PA and NY
England shifts focus to SouthNeeds to secure ports to transport troops to
West Indies easierSpring 1778 – British troops from E. FL take
over GAMay 1780 – Clinton takes over Charles Town,
SC
August 13, 1780 – Lord Charles Cornwallis effortlessly defeats American forces at Camden, SC.
Gates is relieved of command; Nathaniel Greene is new Southern Commander
March-September, 1781 – fights and loses 3 battles
Still causes Cornwallis to leave for VA
Cornwallis forms base at Yorktown, VA.August 30, 1781 – French fleet lands off VA
coastLafayette’s troops join French.Washington arrives with army from NYSept 26 – October 17, 1781 – Siege and battle
(yes, 21 days!)October 19, 1781 – Cornwallis and his troops
surrender to allied forces.