The Results-Based The Results-Based SystemSystem

Awoke Kassa Awoke Kassa ENTRO M&E OfficerENTRO M&E Officer

SDCO Capacity Building Workshop IV27-31 October 2008

Cairo

Nile Basin InitiativeNile Basin Initiative

Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office

The NBI shared Vision:“To achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of , and benefit from the Eastern Nile basin water

resources.” The ENSAP Goal: “To develop the water resources

of the Eastern Nile basin in a sustainable and equitable way to ensure prosperity, security and peace for all its people.”

Introduction

Question:•Are we achieving ENSAP

goal/NBI Vision? OR•Are we getting there? Are

we heading in the right direction?

In answering such questions there were too many uncertainties and lack of definitiveness!! which led to…

Critical assessment of NBI/SAP-SVP planning, management, Evaluation & Reporting practices.

Findings: * There were elements of log

frame in SVP-SAP projects (PAD,PIP). However, there was less attention and focus on Results.

* Inability to tell with certainty whether NBI/SAP/SVP are being successful and effective. which led to . . . . .

which necessitated…

NBI wide adoption of results-based System (RBS),

RBS is a management tool which integrates planning, management, evaluation and reporting into one logically interconnected framework which Focuses Managing for Results.

What, then, is Results-Based System?

The key difference The Conventional

M&E System• Learning at the

end after the fact( after good or damage has been done)

The Results-Based M&E System

• Learning continuously and adjusting while managing & implementing

Which one would you prefer?When the cook tastes the soup

while cooking?OR

When the guests taste the soup at the end?

Managing for Development Results

(MfDR )

What is MfDR ? What is MfDR ? Which has to come first? * Choosing a means of

transportation? OR * Deciding where to go?Rather than focusing on

amounts of inputs, start by thinking about the ultimate goal and objectives of the development program, and identify the means that will take there.

“Beg

in w

ith

th

e en

d in

min

d”

If y

ou d

on’t

know

where

you’r

e

goin

g,

how

do y

ou k

now

when y

ou g

et

there

?Yogi B

err

a

Why Results BasedManagement?

• The public want better services• Governments want more effective

resource allocation• Development partners want efficiency

and effectiveness of aid……….. a common agenda to see concrete

results on the ground.

Some questions for Results

Why does this organization exist? What would be lost if it did not

exist? Who does it serve? What is it supposed to deliver for

them?

‘Being busy is NOT the same as attaining Results’

Example-The need for shift of focus from processes to Results

Driving while looking at the steering wheel

Focusing on

processes

Driving while looking ahead & back

Focusing on Results

Overview of RBS Modules

Module 1: Results and Results Chain

Module 2: Log frame, Indicator & PMF

Module 3: Results-Based Work

planning and Reporting Module 4: Monitoring & Evaluation

for Results Module 5: Using Results Information

Project Planning Stage

Project Implementation Stage

Implementation and post implementation Stage

Results and Results Results and Results ChainChain

‘Being buusy is NOT the same thing as attaining Results’

What is a Result?What is a Result? What is a Result?What is a Result?

The output, outcome or impact(intended or unintended, positiveand/or negative) of a

developmentintervention.

Activities Result

Results achieved may NOT meet expectations. Why ?

Key Terms in RBS:• Inputs:- The financial, human,

and material resources used for the development intervention.

• Activities:- Actions taken or work performed through which inputs are mobilized to produce specific outputs.

• Outputs:- The products, capital goods and services which result from a development intervention/ a short-term result delivered by the project

Outcome:- The achieved medium-term effects of an intervention.

Impact:- Positive and/or negative, intended or unintended long-term effects produced by a development intervention.

Process:- A series of actions or steps towards achieving a particular result.

Result:- The output, outcome or impact

( intended or unintended, positive and/or negative) of a development intervention.

InputsTransformation

Process/ActivitiesResults

SMART ResultSMART ResultSMART ResultSMART Result

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

Relevant

Time-bound

SMART ResultSMART ResultSpecific What: The result states the type of change that will

occur (individual, organizational, institutional, societal) and/or the specific products or services that will be providedWho: The result states the specific target group or beneficiary of the interventionWhere: The location or site where the result will occur is stated

Measurable

The result can be measured by either quantitative or qualitative indicators.

Achievable

The result is within the scope of the project’s control or sphere of influence. The result is achievable within the project budget and time period.

Relevant The result addresses identified needs and/or problem(s) The beneficiaries or target groups were involved in designing this result and/or in giving input into the design of this result

Time-bound

The timeframe when the result will happen is specified.

Results Chain – Results Chain – DefinitionDefinition

Results Chain – Results Chain – DefinitionDefinition

The causal sequence for a development intervention that stipulates the

necessary sequence to achieve desired objectives beginning with inputs,

moving through activities and outputs, and culminating in outcomes, impacts.

Other name: Logic Model

Results Chain = Logic Results Chain = Logic ModelModel

Results chain or Logic Model is your Project/Program ROAD MAP

WhereWhere are you going ? are you going ?

HowHow will you get there ? will you get there ?

WhatWhat will tell you that will tell you that you have arrived ?you have arrived ?

Results ChainResults ChainResults ChainResults Chain

Results

Processes (Implementation)

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Inputs

Results ChainResults ChainResults ChainResults Chain

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Inputs

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Inputs

More Focus for Results

More Focus for Processes

Less Focus for Results

Less Focus for Processes

The Shift of Focus from Processes to Results

Results Chain …Results Chain …

Results

Outcome Outcome

Impact

Output Output Output Output

Activities

Inputs

Human Resources Systems Financial resources

Pla

nn

ing

H

ow

?

Imp

lem

en

tati

on

W

hy?/

So W

hat?

Relative influence along the Results Chain

Low

Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impact

Project/Program Endogenous Actors

High

Example of the Results Chain

Happy

horse Project

impact

Importance of the project for the society

Horse parable

Intervention logic

Explanation

Drinking horse

Project Outcome

The reason why beneficiaries need

the project

Horse present at the

fountain

OutputWhat will be

delivered by the project

Leading the horse

to the fountain Activities

What stakeholders and

beneficiaries

will do

Fountain and

the man Resources Inputs required for the activities

Thirsty

horse Problem

Analysis Starting

situation

Example of the Results Chain

““knowing is not enough, Unless knowing is not enough, Unless translated into actiontranslated into action

Goodwill does not help any one, Goodwill does not help any one, unless acted upon .”unless acted upon .”

-- Aba G/Hana-- Aba G/Hana

THANK YOUTHANK YOU