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The Respiratory
System
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
The respiratory system is what we use to breathe. It may seem simple to breathe, but it’s actually a pretty fancy
system.Usually you breathe without thinking – about 17,000 times a day! Breathing brings oxygen into your lungs and body. A lot happens between breathing in and breathing out, and
all that in about a second!
The most common way you can hurt your lungs is by breathing in things that damage them – like smoke or
sprayed chemicals.
PLEASE DON’T BREATHE ANYTHING THAT COULD HURT YOUR LUNGS!
Here’s one part of the body you might not think is part of breathing: Your BRAIN!
THAT’S WHY YOU CAN HOLD YOUR BREATH, BUT YOU HAVE TO BREATHE EVENTUALLY!
BRAIN
The brain controls every part of your body, and the “breathing centre” is the area of the brain that handles breathing.
The brain and the lungs are connected by nerves from the nervous system.
Messages, like cars on a highway, travel along the nerves back and forth from your brain and lungs, telling your chest muscles to move to make you breathe.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
Do you know what your nose knows? You’ll know it now!
THAT’S WHY SNORING IS LOUD - YOU BREATHE THROUGH YOUR SINUSES AT NIGHT.
SINUSES
The sinuses are hollow parts of your head bones that go all the way to your nostrils.
They can help you out by warming the air breathed through your nose.
They also help by making your face bones lighter and your voice louder.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
Swallow hard, but you might hurt your Pharynx. Just kidding.
IT’S ALSO THE PLACE WHERE YOUR TONSILS LIVE!
PHARYNX
When you breathe, air goes through your mouth or nose and down into your throat. The fancy name for your throat is the pharynx. It runs all the way from the
back of your nose and mouth to your windpipe.
Both air and food go down it, but at different times – so
it’s used for two things!
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
WHEN YOU CHOKE AND CAN STILL BREATHE, YOUR FOOD MIGHT BE CAUGHT IN YOUR ESOPHAGUS.
ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus is located right beneath your pharynx, or throat. Simply, it’s your food tube – and water goes here, too. It’s about 25 centimetres long and ends at your stomach.
This is actually part of the food or digestive system, and not your breathing system, but it sure is close!
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
YOU BREATHE OUT THROUGH THE TRACHEA, TOO.
TRACHEA Your windpipe or trachea carries air to your lungs.
It’s about 10 centimetres long and kept open by C-shaped rings of cartilage. This lets it rest snugly against the esophagus.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
Did you know you have a “food flap?”
IF YOU EAT TOO FAST AND “INHALE YOUR FOOD”, IT’S BECAUSE YOU DIDN’T CLOSE YOUR EPIGLOTTIS!
EPIGLOTTIS
To keep food from getting into your windpipe you need a food flap or a
lid.
Your epiglottis has rubbery bones called cartilage inside it so it’s stiff
like a container lid.
It sits on top of your voice box to make sure food doesn’t go into the
lungs.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
IF YOUR LARYNX MOVES AT A HIGH SPEED, YOU HEAR HIGH SOUNDS, AND LOW SPEEDS OF MOVEMENT MAKE LOW SOUNDS.
LARYNX The bump you can feel on your throat is your voice box or Larynx. It’s just above your
windpipe and the walls of the larynx are cartilage, too. It
contains and protects the vocal cords that
vibrate so you can talk, make silly sounds, and
sing.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
WHEN YOU TAKE A DEEP DREATH, YOUR LUNGS GET BIGGER – AND WHEN YOU LET IT OUT, THEY GET SMALER.
Your Lungs can easily fill with air because they are
spongy, flexible sacks. They are filled with air
tubes and blood vessels to move oxygen.
The oxygen-carrying red blood cells leave the lung, go to the heart and then to the rest of the body.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
WHEN YOU TAKE A DEEP DREATH, YOUR LUNGS GET BIGGER – AND WHEN YOU LET IT OUT, THEY GET SMALER.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
Another body part that protects the
lungs is the pleura, a double skin, or membrane that
keeps them inside the chest.
YOUR RIBS ARE SOME OF THE BONES IN YOUR BODY THAT YOU CAN FEEL FROM THE OUTSIDE – TRY IT!
Your ribs are the wall protecting the lungs
from the outside world. There are 12 pairs of
ribs – that’s 24 of them in your chest. The top 7 pairs are stuck to the breastbone in front.
And all of them are fastened in the back to your spinal column.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
TAKE A DEEP BREATH AND PUT YOUR HAND ON YOUR BELLY BUTTON – THAT’S THE DIAPHRAGM!
Your diaphragm is the muscle that goes across the body and separates
the lungs from the stomach.
When it’s relaxing it forms a bulge in the chest cavity
and your lungs empty. When you breathe in, your
brain tells it to flatten, and voila!
A breath!
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
The insides of your lungs are like an
upside down tree. The windpipe is the trunk, and the two big branches are
called the bronchi. The many smaller branches are the
bronchioles.
GUESS WHAT PART OF YOUR LUNGS ARE SORE IF YOU HAVE “BRONCHITIS!”
CILIA ARE HAIR – EXCEPT INSIDE YOUR BODY!
Your nose, windpipe, and airways are lined with
microscopic hairs called cilia. Lying on top of the cilia is a gooey layer of
mucus. Dirt in the air sticks to the mucus and the cilia
push it up to your mouth or nose where it can be
swallowed or removed.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
CILIAMUCUS
THE BIGGEST PART OF AIR IS NITROGEN. SINCE YOUR BODY CAN’T USE IT, YOU BREATHE THAT OUT, TOO.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
The alveoli are tiny sacks that hang inside the lung like a bunch of
grapes. You have millions of them!
Air sacks are surrounded by tiny blood vessels, or
capillaries. Oxygen leaves the air sacks and
is traded for carbon dioxide by red blood
cells.
The air sacks release the carbon dioxide when you
breathe out.
CAPILLARIES
BRONCHIOLES
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
Sends a message
to the
Flattens
Expand
Cleans the airfrom alveoli to
Transfers
Takes oxygen to
body
Relaxes
Deflate
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
Brain
Sinuses
Oral Cavity
Mouth and Tongue
Voice Box
Windpipe
Ribs
Bronchi
PharynxGlottis
Esophagus
Lungs
Diaphragm
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Bronchial Cilia
Mucus
Cells
1.
2.
4.
4.
Epiglottis
Capillaries
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
11.10. Membrane
(not shown here)
12.
Pleura
13.
14.
The Lung Association of Saskatchewan ©
__r__ __n
S__n__s__s
Oral Cavity
Mouth and Tongue
La__y__ __
T__ __che__
__ __ __s
__r__ __chi
P__ __ __ynx
Glottis
E__op__ag__s
L__ __ __
Dia__ __ra__m
Bronchiole
A__veo__ __
Bronchial Cilia
Mucus
Cells
1.
2.
4.
3.
E__ __ __lottis
Capillaries
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
11.
10. Pleura Membrane
(not shown here)
12.
13.
14.
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