The Respiratory The Respiratory SystemSystem

Describe the connection Describe the connection between the circulatory and between the circulatory and

respiratory systems.respiratory systems.• Pulmonary Arteries pick up Oxygen Pulmonary Arteries pick up Oxygen

and drop off carbon dioxide at the and drop off carbon dioxide at the lungslungs

• Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heartblood back to the heart

The LungsThe LungsThe LungsThe Lungs

The Lungs – Drag & Drop

What is the difference between external and internal respiration?

•External: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the

AIR, BLOOD, and LUNGS

•Occurs OUTSIDE of cells

• Internal: Cellular Respiration – occurs inside

of cells•Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

are exchanged between body cells and capillaries,

energy is produced

What is the difference between external and internal respiration?

Weird Science FactsWeird Science Facts• You breathe about You breathe about

21,600 times every 21,600 times every dayday

• If you spread out If you spread out your lungs, they your lungs, they would cover the would cover the floor of a tennis floor of a tennis courtcourt

• Men can hold about Men can hold about 6 quarts of air in 6 quarts of air in their lungs; Women their lungs; Women can hold 4.5 quartscan hold 4.5 quarts

7

Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity

Trachea

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Diaphragm

Lung

Bronchi

Mouth

What is the pathway that What is the pathway that air follows as it travels air follows as it travels through the respiratory through the respiratory

tract?tract?•Mouth/Nasal Cavity•Pharynx•Larynx•Trachea•Bronchi•Bronchioles•Alveoli

The LungsThe LungsThe LungsThe Lungs

The Lungs – Drag & Drop

Nose/Nasal Passageway or Nose/Nasal Passageway or MouthMouth

• Air enters the Air enters the nose and is nose and is filtered, warmed, filtered, warmed, and moistenedand moistened

• Why?Why?To change the temperature of the air to match body temperature!

PharynxPharynx

• Tubelike Tubelike passageway for passageway for food and airfood and air

• Back of the Back of the throatthroat

LarynxLarynx

• Location of vocal Location of vocal cordscords

• Air must pass Air must pass over them when over them when we speak to we speak to make soundmake sound

**What structure prevents food from entering the respiratory system?**

EPIGLOTTIS!!

Trachea (Wind Pipe)Trachea (Wind Pipe)• Made up of Made up of

cartilagenous cartilagenous rings to keep rings to keep airway openairway open

• Lined with cilia Lined with cilia and mucusand mucus

**What is the role of the cilia and mucus?

To prevent dust and pathogens from entering the lungs

Cilia and Mucus -

Animation

Cilia and Mucus in the Cilia and Mucus in the TracheaTrachea

BronchiBronchi

• Two short Two short branches at the branches at the bottom of the bottom of the tracheatrachea

• Carry the air we Carry the air we breathe into the breathe into the lungslungs

BronchiolesBronchioles

• Smaller tubes Smaller tubes that branch out that branch out from the bronchifrom the bronchi

Alveoli• Tiny (grape like) air

sacs at the end of the bronchioles

• Greatly increases the surface area of the lungs

• Surrounded by capillaries

• RESPIRATORY SURFACE: site of gas exchange

Gas Exchange at the Gas Exchange at the AlveoliAlveoli

• CO2 and O2 are exchanged between CO2 and O2 are exchanged between capillaries and alveoli by the process capillaries and alveoli by the process of diffusionof diffusion

• Oxygen enters the blood Oxygen enters the blood • Carbon Dioxide enters the alveoli Carbon Dioxide enters the alveoli

AlveoliAlveoliAlveoliAlveoli

Alveoli - Animation

AlveoliAlveoliAlveoliAlveoli

Alveoli – Drag & Drop

What is the diaphragm?What is the diaphragm?

• Flat muscle on the floor of the chest Flat muscle on the floor of the chest • Involved in breathingInvolved in breathing• Contracts when inhaling, Relaxes Contracts when inhaling, Relaxes

when exhalingwhen exhaling

Inhalation

• RIBS: move up and out

• DIAPHRAGM: contracts (moves down)

• CHEST CAVITY: becomes larger

• AIR PRESSURE: decreases, and AIR ENTERS!

Exhalation

• RIBS: drop• DIAPHRAGM:

relaxes (moves up)• CHEST CAVITY:

becomes smaller• AIR PRESSURE:

increases, and AIR EXITS!

BreathingBreathingBreathingBreathing

Breathing - Animation

BreathingBreathingBreathingBreathing

Breathing – Drag & Drop

BreathingBreathingBreathingBreathing

Breathing - Graphic

How is CO2 carried to the How is CO2 carried to the lungs by the blood? (Three lungs by the blood? (Three

Ways)Ways)• 70% of the CO2 will combine with 70% of the CO2 will combine with

water and formwater and form carbonic acid carbonic acid (H2CO3)(H2CO3)

• 20% will combine with hemoglobin 20% will combine with hemoglobin • 10% is dissolved in the plasma10% is dissolved in the plasma

The Breathing Rate is controlled

by:

• Concentration of carbon dioxide• Center in brain

Regulation of Breathing:Regulation of Breathing:

Exercise CO2 H2CO3 Blood pH Breathing RateExercise CO2 H2CO3 Blood pH Breathing Rate

Breathing Rate is controlled by the amount ofBreathing Rate is controlled by the amount of

CO2, not O2!!CO2, not O2!!

Do Now: Label the StructuresDo Now: Label the Structures

The Lungs – The Lungs – Drag & DropDrag & Drop

Diseases

•Asthma

•Bronchitis

•Emphysema

•Lung Cancer

•Pneumonia

Asthma

32

Asthma• What causes it?

Allergic reaction

• What happens? Bronchial tubes become constricted because of swelling; prevents O2 from reaching the lungs

• TREATMENT: Inhaler

Bronchitis

34

Bronchitis•What causes it? Bacterial infection•What is it? Inflammation of the

bronchial tubes (swollen and clogged with mucus)

•TREATMENT: Antibiotics

Emphysema

36

Emphysema

•What is it? Lung disease, alveoli break down and cannot hold as much air.

•TREATMENT: No cure, damage can’t be undone.

Smoking

• Cigarette smoke contains nicotine, CO, and tar.

• Smoking paralyzes the cilia in the respiratory tract, preventing harmful particles and mucus from being swept out.

• Also causes swelling and inflammation of the respiratory surfaces.

Damage to cilia by tar - Animation

Damage to Cilia and Damage to Cilia and Mucus Mucus

Pneumonia

40

Pneumonia•What causes it?

Viral or Bacterial infection

•What is it? Alveoli become filled with fluid and gas exchange is prevented.

•TREATMENT: Antibiotics

Lung Cancer• What causes it? What causes it? DNA DNA

mutation resulting in… mutation resulting in… • What is it? What is it?

Uncontrolled cell growth Uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formationand tumor formation

• How is it treated?How is it treated? Radiation, Radiation, chemotherapy, chemotherapy, transplanttransplant