THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA MINISTRY OF HEALTH VOLUNTARY … · 2020. 7. 6. · MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoFPED Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development MoGLSD Ministry

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA

FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

JUNE 2020

MINISTRY OF HEALTHTHE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

The Second Voluntary National Review Report on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Published by: Office of the Prime MinisterLevel 3, Postel Building Clement Hill Road, Kampala All rights reserved.The content in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgement is requested together with a copy of the publication.

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION

OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

JUNE 2020


VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTi

CONTENTSMESSAGE FROM HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF UGANDA .............................................................vACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................viiKEY HIGHLIGHTS ...............................................................................................................................................viiiCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................1CHAPTER 2: SCOPE AND REVIEW PROCESS ..................................................................................................2CHAPTER 3: POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR SDG IMPLEMENTATION ..........................53.1 Ownership of SDGs in Uganda ....................................................................................................................6

3.2 IntegrationofSDGsinUgandaplanningandfinancingsystem .................................................................143.2.1 PolicyandPlanningAlignment .......................................................................................................143.2.2 AligningbudgetstoSDGs..............................................................................................................14

3.3 Leavingnoonebehind ...............................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER 4: PROGRESS MADE TO ACHIEVE THE SDGS ..............................................................................204.1 Goal 1: Endpovertyinallitsformseverywhere.........................................................................................21

4.2 Goal 2:EndHunger,AchieveFoodSecurityandImprovedNutritionandPromote SustainableAgriculture ...............................................................................................................................24

4.3 Goal 3: EnsureHealthyLivesandPromoteWell-BeingforAllatAllAges .................................................26

4.4 Goal 4: EnsureInclusiveandEquitableQualityEducationandPromoteLifelongLearning OpportunitiesforAll ....................................................................................................................................30

4.5 Goal 5:Achievegenderequalityandempowerallwomenandgirls..........................................................36

4.6 Goal 6: Ensureavailabilityandsustainablemanagementofwaterandsanitationforall ..........................42

4.7 Goal 7: Ensureaccesstoaffordable,reliable,sustainableandmodernenergyforall .............................46

4.8 Goal 8: PromoteSustained,InclusiveandSustainableEconomicGrowth,FullandProductive EmploymentandDecentWorkforAll ........................................................................................................49

4.9 Goal9:Buildresilientinfrastructure,promoteinclusiveandsustainableindustrializationand foster innovation. ........................................................................................................................................51

4.10 Goal 10:Reduceinequalitywithinandamongcountries ...........................................................................56

4.11 Goal 11:MakeCitiesandHumanSettlementsInclusive,Safe,ResilientandSustainable .......................58

4.13 Goal 13: Climateaction..............................................................................................................................62

4.14 Goal 14:Conserveandsustainablyusetheoceans,seas,andmarineresourcesfor sustainabledevelopment ............................................................................................................................65

4.15 Goal 15:Protect,restoreandpromotesustainableuseofterrestrialecosystems,sustainably manageforests,combatdesertification,haltandreverselanddegradationandhaltbiodiversityloss .....67

4.16 Goal 16: Peace,justiceandstronginstitutions .........................................................................................68

4.17 Goal 17:StrengthentheMeansofImplementationandRevitalizetheGlobalPartnershipfor SustainableDevelopment...........................................................................................................................73

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS ............................................................................................825.1 Strongerpartnerships,coordination,andcollaboration .............................................................................825.2 DeeperlocalizationandpopularizationoftheSDGagenda ......................................................................825.3 BuildingaleadershipculturefortheSDGagendaatalllevels..................................................................825.4 PromotingSDG-focusedinnovationbyallcitizens,especiallyyoungpeople ...........................................835.5 FocusingonFinancingfortheSDGs–HarnessingUganda’sPotential ...................................................835.6. StrengtheningTechnologyandInformationSystemsinSDGImplementation ..........................................83

ANNEX: INDICATOR PROGRESS MATRIX /SDG DASHBOARD .....................................................................84

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ii

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLESTable1:UgandaGlobalGenderGapIndexReportRankings ..............................................................................37Table2:Uganda’sGenderEquality-specificnationalLawsandpolicies ...............................................................37Table3:GBVprevalencestatisticsinUgandainpreceding12months .................................................................38Table4:PrevalenceofchildmarriageinUganda ...................................................................................................39Table5:FemaleGenitalMutilationprevalencebyagegroup................................................................................39Table6:AverageTimespentonunpaiddomesticandcarework ..........................................................................39Table7:Women’sRepresentationinParliamentandLGstructures .....................................................................40Table8:ShareofUgandanEmployeesbyMainActivityofEstablishmentandYear(%) .......................................54Table9:ExtractonIndicator16.5fromtheNationalGovernancePeaceandSecuritySurvey(NGPSS)2017 ....70Table10:HouseholdMembers’InvolvementinResourceManagement(%) ........................................................71Table11:Perceptionofdifferenttypesofdiscriminationbysexandareaofresidence .........................................72

Figure1:Proportionofhouseholdswithaccesstobasicservices .........................................................................22Figure2:Annualizedgrowthrateinthenumberofpoorpeople .............................................................................22Figure3:Proportionofchildrenunderage5whoaremalnourished .....................................................................24Figure4:Prevalenceofanaemiaamongwomenaged15–49years .....................................................................25Figure5:Pregnancy-relateddeathper100,000livebirths.....................................................................................27Figure6:TrendsinChildhoodMortality(1988-2016) .............................................................................................27Figure7:TrendsinincidencesofMalarial,TuberculosisandHepatitisBper100,000 ..........................................28Figure8:Patternofdeathduetoroadtrafficaccidents..........................................................................................29Figure9:Learningoutcomes(primary3pupils) .....................................................................................................30Figure10:Learningoutcomes(primary6pupils) ...................................................................................................31Figure11:PercentageofP3LearnersRatedProficientinLiteracyandNumeracy,byGender ............................32Figure12:PercentageofP6LearnersRatedProficientinLiteracyandNumeracy,byGender ...........................32Figure13:Proportionofschoolswithaccesstobasicservices .............................................................................33Figure14:Percentageofchildrenwhoaredevelopmentallyontrackforindicateddomains ................................35Figure15:Proportionofpopulation(18+)inAgriculturewithownershiporsecurerightsovertheland ...............41Figure16:Ruralwatersupply(%) ..........................................................................................................................43Figure17:Complianceofindustrialeffluenttostandards ......................................................................................44Figure18:TrendinWetlandRestorationbyFiscalYear ........................................................................................45Figure19:AerialviewofrecentlycommissionedIsimbaHydorPowerPlant(183mw) ..........................................46Figure20:ProportionofthePopulationwithAccesstoElectricity..........................................................................47Figure21:EnergyconsumptionperGDP ...............................................................................................................48Figure22:NumberofcommercialbankbranchesandATMsper100,000adults,2015–2019 ..............................50Figure23:ProportionofNationalRoadsinFairtoGoodConditionFYs2015/16-2018/19 ...................................52Figure24:AirTransportPassengersandFreightCargoTraffic2015/16-2018/19 .................................................52Figure25:OfficialdevelopmentassistancetoUganda2015–2019 ......................................................................54Figure26:Proportionofpopulationcoveredbyamobilenetwork,bytechnology ................................................55Figure27:ParticipationinplanningmeetingsforServiceDeliveryatvillagelevel(%) .........................................72Figure28:Proportionofdomesticbudgetfundedbydomestictaxes ....................................................................73Figure29:GovernmentRevenueBreakdown(%GDP) .........................................................................................75Figure30:MainDonorstoUganda(US$millions) .................................................................................................75Figure31:RemittanceinflowstoUganda...............................................................................................................76Figure32:EvolutionofExternalDebt .....................................................................................................................77Figure33:Mobilephoneownershipandinternetaccess .......................................................................................77Figure34:SSDCProviderstoUganda...................................................................................................................78Figure35:UgandaandEastAfricanCountries2016GPEDCscoresonResultsFrameworks .............................80

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTiii

ACRONYMSAIDS AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome

AU AfricanUnion

CSO CivilSocietyOrganization

EAC EastAfricanCommunity

FAO FoodandAgricultureOrganisationoftheUnitedNations

FGM/C FemaleGenitalMutilation/Cutting

FY FiscalYear/FinancialYear

GBV GenderBasedViolence

GDP GrossDomesticProduct

GER GrossEnrolmentRate

GoU GovernmentofUganda

HMIS HealthManagementInformationSystem

HIV HumanImmuneVirus

HRBA HumanRightsBasedApproachtodevelopment

IMF InternationalMonetaryFund

ISC ImplementationSteeringCommittee

LGs LocalGovernments

MAAIF MinistryofAgricultureAnimalIndustryandFisheries

MDAs MinistriesDepartmentsandAgencies

MEMD MinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment

MFPED MinistryofFinancePlanningandEconomicDevelopment

MoES MinistryofEducationandSports

MOFA MinistryofForeignAffairs

MoFPED MinistryofFinancePlanningandEconomicDevelopment

MoGLSD MinistryofGender,LabourandSocialDevelopment

MoH MinistryofEducation

MoICT&NG MinistryofInformation,Communication,TechnologyandNationalGuidance

MoLG MinistryofLocalGovernment

MWE MinistryofWaterandEnvironment

NAPE NationalAssessmentofProgressinEducation

NCHE NationalCouncilofHigherEducation

NDP NationalDevelopmentPlan

NEMA NationalEnvironmentManagementAuthority

NER NetEnrolmentRate

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT iv

NGO Non-GovernmentalOrganization

NGPSS NationalGovernancePeaceandSecuritySurvey

NLFS NationalLabourForceSurvey

NPA NationalPlanningAuthority

OPM OfficeofthePrimeMinister

OWC OperationWealthCreation

PCC PolicyCoordinationCommittee

PSFU PrivateSectorFoundationUganda

SAGE SocialAssistanceGrantforEmpowerment

SDG SustainableDevelopmentGoal

SSDC South-SouthDevelopmentCooperation

SWG SectorWorkingGroup

TUS TimeUseSurvey

UBOS UgandaBureauofStatistics

UDHS UgandaDemographicandHealthSurvey

UGX Uganda Shillings

UHRC UgandaHumanRightsCommission

UN United Nations

UNEB UgandaNationalExaminationsBoard

UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram

UNFPA TheUnitedNationsPopulationFund

UNECA UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforAfrica

UNFCCC UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

UNHCR UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees

UNHS UgandaNationalHouseholdSurvey

UNICEF UnitedNationsInternationalChildrenEmergencyFund

UNRA UgandaNationalRoadsAuthority

UN Women UnitedNationsEntityforGenderEqualityandtheEmpowermentofWomen

UPE UniversalPrimaryEducation

UPF UgandaPoliceForce

USE UniversalSecondaryEducation

UWA UgandaWildlifeAuthority

YLP YouthLivelihoodProgram

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTv

MESSAGE FROM HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF UGANDA

Atthe70thAnniversaryoftheUnitedNationsinSeptember2015,Iwashonouredtoco-chairtheUnited Nations Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.AtthatsummitIpointedoutthat,byadoptingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),togetherasaworldcommunity,weweresendingapowerfulmessagetopeopleineveryvillage,everycityandeverynationworldwide─thatwearecommittedtotakingboldstepstochangetheirlives,forthebetter.Inthisregard,UgandahascontinueditsunwaveringcommitmenttotheSDGsandthegoalsandtargetshavenowbeenfullyintegratedinUganda’sthirdNationalDevelopmentPlan(NDPIII),withthegoalto“increasehouseholdincomesandimprovequalityoflife”.

ThekeydriversofeconomicgrowthintheSDGs,whichinclude:infrastructuredevelopmentespeciallyenergy,trans-portandinformationandcommunicationstechnology(ICT);industrializationandvalue-addition;humanresourcedevelopment;improvingmarketaccess;andincreasingparticipationoftheprivatesectorhaveallbeencapturedandmainstreamedinUganda’sthirdNationalDevelopmentPlan.TheNationalDevelopmentPlanalsosetsouttheimperativeofapplyingaHumanRightsBasedApproach,whichwasalsorecognizedasakeyfoundationinthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmenttoachievetheworldwewant.

TheGovernmentofUgandaacknowledgesthatinordertoaccelerateUganda’sprogresstowardstheSDGs,theremustbecommonunderstandingwithinGovernmentandwithdevelopmentpartnersregarding:thecountry’spolicyandinstitutionalstrengthsandweaknessesrelatingtoSDGalignment;theimportanceofusingastrongevidencebasetoidentifyacceleratorsthatwouldspurachievementacrossSDGs;andastrongpartnershiparchitecturetosupporttherealizationoftheSDGs.Inthisregard,theNDPIIIhasidentifiedinterventionsunderthreebroadcate-goriesasSDGAccelerators–Environment,GovernanceandIndustry.ThesethreecategorieslinktoNDPIIIinter-ventionsinPrivateSectorDevelopment,DevelopmentPlanImplementation;CommunityMobilizationandMindsetChange,theGovernanceandSecurityProgramme,PublicSectorTransformation,HumanCapitalDevelopment,RegionalDevelopment,MineralDevelopment,SustainableDevelopmentofPetroleumResources,Manufacturing,EnergyDevelopment,ClimateChange,NaturalResources,EnvironmentandWaterManagement.

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT vi

Inthelastfiveyears,sincetheadoptionoftheSDGs,Ugandahasseenprogressinseveralareas.ThesizeofeconomyhasdoubledfromUS$17.2billioninFY2010/11toUS$34.4billioninFY2018/19innominalterms;theGDPper capitahasgrown fromUS$844 inFY2011/12 toUS$878 inFY2018/19; total exportsof goodsandservicesgrewfromUS$3.83billioninFY2010/11toUS$5.3billioninFY2017/18;andthetotalpavedroadsnetworkasapercentageoftotalnationalroadsmorethandoubledfrom8percentin1986to21.1percent.Electricitygener-ationcapacityhasincreasedfrom601MWin2010to1839MWin2020.TheseimprovementsindicatethatUgandaisontherighttracktoachievingsomeoftheSDGtargets

MyGovernmenthasbeensteadfastinamelioratingthelivingconditionsandoverallqualityoflifeofthepeopleofUganda.Inmanysectorsoftheeconomy,wehavelaidafirmfoundationfor‘Take-Off’.InthisDecadeofActionandDelivery,asacountrywewill focuson improvingourcompetitiveness throughenhancingvalueaddition inkeygrowthareas (Agriculture,Tourism,Minerals,Oil&GasandKnowledge) thathave thehighestpotential togenerateemployment forourpeopleandhaveapositivemultipliereffectonothersectors.Wewill continue toinvestinmaintaininganddevelopingthecountry’sproductiveinfrastructuretoreducethecostofdoingbusiness.Increasingproductivityandpromoting inclusivedevelopmentand thewellbeingofourpopulationwillbe funda-mentaltoimprovingthequalityof lifeofthepeopleofUgandaaswebuildtherequiredlabourforceneededforindustrialization.

InthisVNRprocess,wehaveconsultedwidelyandlistenedtostakeholdersaroundthecountry.Wethereforelookforwardtolearningfromothercountriesduringthe2020High-LevelPoliticalForum.TherecentdevelopmentsintheworldrelatingtoCovid-19havemadeitclearthatwemustbuildglobalsolidaritytodealwiththeworld’schallenges,aswellasnationalresiliencetowithstandallsituations.Asacountrywehavelearnedalotandwewillcomeoutstrongerinthepost-Covid-19situation.

IsaluteallthosewhocontributedtowardsthedevelopmentofthisVNRReport.

ForGodandMyCountryYoweri Kaguta MuseveniPRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TheGovernmentofUganda ispleased topresent thesecondVoluntaryNationalReview (VNR)Reporton theImplementationoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Thisreporthasbeendevelopedwithcontributionsandsupportfrommanystateandnon-statestakeholders.

TheGovernmentofUgandaAcknowledgesboththepoliticalandtechnicalleadershipbytheOfficeofthePrimeMinister,whowiththesupportoftheSDGSecretariat,hasspearheadedprocessesleadingtocompletionofthisreport.Iacknowledgeseveralactorsthathavebeeninstrumentalintheprocess,includingtheNationalSDGTask-force,theUNSDGTechnicalWorkingGroupandtheVNRAdvisoryCommittee(comprisedofOPM,theMinistryofFinancePlanningandEconomicDevelopment,MinistryofForeignAffairs,UgandaBureauofStatistics,NationalPlanningAuthority,Parliament,UNAgencies,Youthorganizations,CivilSocietyandthePrivateSector).

AppreciationalsogoestotheOfficeoftheUNResidentCoordinatorforthehigh-levelleadershipandcoordinationoftheUNCountryTeamandDevelopmentPartners’supporttotheGovernmentofUgandaintheadvocacy,imple-mentationofthe2030Agenda,includingpreparationofthisreport.SpecialthanksgotoUNWomen,WorldFoodProgramme(WFP),UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),UnitedNationsPopulationFund(UNFPA),United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) andOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner forHumanRights(OHCHR)fortheirtechnicalandfinancialsupporttowardstheoperationalizationoftheNationalSDGSecretariat.ThanksalsogotoUNDPforprovidingtechnicalleadershipandfinancialsupporttothepreparationofthisreport,onbehalfoftheUNCountryTeam.TheUnitedNationsChildrenFund(UNICEF)isalsoappreciatedforprovidingtechnicalandfinancialsupporttothereport.

ThereportbenefitedfromtechnicalcontributionsfromtheCivilSocietyCoreReferenceGrouponSDGscoordi-natedbytheUgandaNGOForum,andotheractorsincludingyouthorganizationsandthePrivateSectorFounda-tionofUganda(PSFU).IalsothankcitizensofUgandawhoprovidedvaluableinsightsthroughtheVNRE-platformandtheU-Report;andresidentsandleadershipofNgoraDistrictwhoseLocalVoluntaryReviewReportinformedthisprocess.

Hon. Mary KaroroMINISTER FOR GENERAL DUTIES IN THE OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTERAND SDG FOCAL POINT MINISTER

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT viii

KEY HIGHLIGHTS

ThisisUganda’ssecondVoluntaryNationalReview(VNR)report.ThefirstVNRwaspresentedatthe2016High-LevelPoliticalForum,whereUgandawasamongthepioneer22reportingcountries.Thisreporthighlightstheprog-ressmadeinintegratingandimplementingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)withinthecountry’sdevel-opmentplanningframeworks.ItprovidesdetailsofprogressmadeinSDGimplementationaswellasaccountingforpolicy,institutionalandprogrammaticenablers,andsuccessesandchallengesencounteredindeliveringoneachSDG.ItaffirmstheimportanceofSDGimplementationtotherealizationofUganda’sVision2040–theaspirationoftransformingUgandansocietyfromapeasanttoamodernandprosperoussociety.

Inpreparingthisreview,theGovernmentofUganda(GoU)tookonboardthelessonslearnedduringthepreparationofthe2016report.Akeylessonwastheneedtostrengthenthecoordinationframework,toensurethatallstructuresplaytheirroleininfluencingtheSDGimplementationprocess.TheconsultativeprocessfortheVNRprocessduringtheCovid-19pandemicoffersseverallessons.First,asopposedtotraditionalworkshopsthatarebyinvitation,theonlineconsultationselicitedtheparticipationofmanymorepeopleandagreaterdiversityofstakeholders.Second,theconsultativeprocesswasundertakenatalowcostcomparedwithtraditionalapproaches,easingresourcestoaddressotherbudget-constrainednationalprocesses.Third,morepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,whoareICTsavvy,werereadytoengagebetterthanwheninvitedtoparticipateinphysicalengagements.ThesearesomeoftheexperiencestheGoUplanstobuildoninadvancingfutureconsultativeprocessesacrosssectors.However,Governmentismindfulofthefactthatdigitalconstraintsplacedsomestakeholdersatadisadvantage,especiallythoseinruralareaswhocouldnoteasilyaccessonlinefacilities.

SincetheadoptionoftheSDGs,GovernmenthasimplementedaninclusiveprocesstoensurethattheSDGagendaisownedbythepeople,startingwiththenationalcoordinationarrangements.InstitutionaldeliveryontheSDGsisguidedbyamulti-stakeholderNationalSDGCoordinationFramework,whichwasestablishedin2016undertheleadershipoftheOfficeofthePrimeMinister(OPM).AnchoredwithinthemainstreamGovernmentcoordinationarrangements,theFrameworkdefinesanddelegatesleadershiprolesandresponsibilitiesfordifferentaspectsofcoordinatingimplementationoftheSDGsinUganda.Overtheyears,thisframeworkhasundergonesomereformstoenablethecountrytodeliverbetterontheAgenda.Tooperationalizeit,acostednationalroadmapwaspreparedthroughawideconsultativeprocessthatincludedgovernment,theprivatesector,civilsociety,theUNsystemandthewiderdevelopmentpartnercommunity.TheroadmapwaspreparedtocreateanenablingframeworkforSDGimplementationandtogalvanizecoherentsupportfromdifferentactors.

ThesecondNationalDevelopmentPlan(NDPII),whichhasbeentheguidingframeworkfornationaldevelopmentforthelastfiveyears,was70percentalignedtotheSDGs.ItplacesUgandainauniquelyadvantageouspositionto leadbyexamplebyadoptingand localizing theSDGs.This includes implementingprojectsgeared towardsachievementoftheSDGs,particularlythosethatfitwithinthecurrentnationaldevelopmentobligations,aswellasEastAfricanRegionalIntegrationandAfricanAgenda2063developmentcommitments.

Atthetimeofadoptionofthe2030AgendaallMemberStates,includingUganda,pledgedtoensure“noonewillbeleftbehind”andalsopledgedto“endeavortoreachthefurthestbehindfirst.”InpracticewhatthisstatementenjoinsallMemberStatestodoistoactto;endextremepoverty,curbgenderandregionalinequalities,confrontdiscrim-inationandfast-trackprogresstoreachthefurthestbehindfirst.LeaveNoOneBehindthereforeemphasizesthecriticaldistributionalaspectsoftheglobaldevelopmentagenda.Thethreemutuallyreinforcing“levers”identifiedascornerstonesthatcountriesneedtoembraceinclude:1)empowerthroughcivicengagementandvoice;2)enactthroughintegrated,equity-focusedSDGpolicies,interventionsandbudgets;and3)examine,throughuseofdisag-gregatedandpeople-drivendataandinformation.ThisreportdemonstratesthesignificantmilestonesthatUgandahasachievedinthisregard.

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTix

OnperformanceofUgandaontheSDGs,theSustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork(SDSN)whichranks52Africancountriesbasedon97indicatorsacrossall17goals,placesUgandainthe18thplace.Ugandareceivesanoverallscoreof54.88(comparedtotheregionalaverageof52.7).ThescoreshowsthatUgandaismorethan50percentof thewaytowardsachievingSDGsby2030(as indeed is therestof thecontinent). Uganda isontrackonsomeof theSDG13 targetsonclimateaction that ismeasuredby thenumberofpeopleaffectedbyclimate-relateddisasters;emissionsofcarbondioxide(CO2)percapitathatarisefromtheconsumptionofenergy(at0.1tonnesCO2/capita)andimportsofCO2emissionsembodiedingoods(at0.2tonnesCO2/capita).ForSDGsonpoverty,hunger,education,cleanwaterandsanitation,affordableandcleanenergy,sustainablecities,lifeonlandandpeaceandjusticeUganda’sperformancearestagnating–meaningtheirscoresonrelevant indicatorsremainsstagnantor is increasingataratebelow50percentof thegrowthrateneededtoachievetheSDGby2030.1Despitesignificantchallenges,thereisimprovementinscoresonhealth,genderequality,decentworkandeconomicgrowth,industryinnovationandinfrastructureandpartnerships.However,theimprovementisstillbelowtherateneededtoachievetheSDGsby2030

Thisreportbuildsonthe2016readinesstonowpresentapictureofthestatusandprogressmadeonvariousindi-cators.ThereareseveraloverarchingareasandthemesthatUgandawillcontinuetopaycloseattentiontoinaddi-tiontothegoal-specificactionsthatwillbeundertakenbyvariousstakeholders.Theoverarchingthemesinclude:

1.Strongerpartnerships,coordinationandcollaboration;

2.DeeperlocalizationandpopularizationoftheSDGagenda;

3.BuildingaleadershipculturefortheSDGagendaatalllevels;

4.PromotingSDG-focusedinnovationbyallthepeopleinUganda,especiallyyoungpeople;

5.FocusingonFinancingforSDGs–HarnessingUganda’sPotential;and

6.StrengtheningTechnologyandInformationSystemsinSDGReporting.

1 SustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork(2019)p.159

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VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT1

INTRODUCTION

ThisisUganda’ssecondVoluntaryNationalReview(VNR)report.ThefirstVNRwaspresentedatthe2016High-LevelPoliticalForum,whereUgandawasamong thepioneer22 reportingcountries.This reporthighlights theprogressmadeinintegratingandimplementingtheSDGswithinthecountry’sdevelopmentplanningframeworks.It provides details of progressmade in SDG implementation aswell as accounting for policy, institutional andprogrammatic enablers, and successes and challenges encountered in delivering on eachSDG. It affirms theimportanceofSDGimplementationtotherealizationofUganda’sVision2040–theaspirationoftransformingtheUgandansocietyfromapeasanttoamodernandprosperoussociety.WiththedevelopmentofthethirdNationalDevelopmentPlan(NDPIII2020/21–2024/25),Ugandahasseizedtheopportunitytodevelopapublicpolicyframe-workthatincorporatesboththegoalsofitsVision2040andtheSDGs.Significantefforthasbeenmadetodomesti-catetheintegratedSDGsimulationmodel(iSDG),whichwasusedtoidentifytheSDGAcceleratorsorpriorityareasofactionintheNDPIIIframework.

Over theNDPII period (2015/16–2019/20), progresshasbeenmade in allocating resourcesand implementingtheSDGs.GoodprogressisevidentinrelationtoSDGs1,4,5and16,withanaverageofover75percent,whileSDGs6,8and17haveanaverageofover70percent.ThegoodperformanceinSDG1wasdrivenbyamongotherthingsthesocialprotectionprogrammesthathavehadbeneficialeffectsinseveralareas–suchasfoodsecurity,education,employment,andproductivityinthetargeteddistricts.Improvementsinlandtitlingthatbenefitswomenhavebeen registered,althoughwomenarestill disproportionately representedamong thepoorbecauseof thedisproportionateburdenofunpaidcareanddomesticworkthatfallstothem.SDG4scoredwell,with63.3percentofchildrenunderfiveyearsdevelopmentallyontrackontrackinliteracy-numeracy,physical,social-emotional,andlearningdomainoutcomes.Earlychildhoodeducationshowsgreatpromiseasanavenuetohelpchildrendevelopandlearnbasicskills,althoughonlyaquarterofchildrenhaveachievedbasicliteracyandnumeracyskillsattheageofsix.Currently,7millionadultUgandansarenon-literate.

UnderSDG5,registeredsignificantprogress ineradicating femalegenitalmutilation/cutting--prevalenceamonggirlsandwomenaged15to49yearsdecreasedfrom0.6percentin2006(UDHS)to0.3percentin2016(UDHS).However,thepracticeisstillcommonintheSebeiandKaramojasub-regionsofEasternUganda,wheretheprev-alenceratein2016wasashighas26.6percent(UBOS,FGMSurvey2017).Notably,underSDG11Target11.1,about 7 out of every 10 young people polled throughU-Report reported that they live in safe accommodation(rangingfrom66percentto73percentacrossbothsexes,allagegroupsandgeographicallocations).UnderSDG16,thefeelingofsafetyincreasedsignificantlyfrom51percentin2013to94.3percentin2017forthosereportingfeelingsafeduringthedaytime.

UgandaisawareofthefactthatglobalgrowthremainsuncertaingiventhenegativeimpacttheCovid-19pandemichashadoneconomiesaroundtheworld.Whileglobalgrowthwas2.9percentin2019,economiesarelikelytobeinrecessionin2020astheimpactofCovid-19becomesclearer.Thus,theprojectedgrowthrateisexpectedtohoveraroundthesamelevelorreduceslightlyovertheNDPIIIperiod.Onapositivenote,thepandemicisregardedasanopportunitytostrengthenlocalproductioncapacitybyinvestinginprogrammesthatwillpromotethewelfareofthepopulationintimesofcalamity,enablingaresilientprivatesectortosustainablytapintotheregionalandglobalvaluechains,andharnessingthepoweroftechnologyanddigitalization.

CHAPTER 1

VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2

The Advisory Committee, which was chaired by the head of the National SDG Secretariat, held four meetings to guide the VNR

process.

The Head of Public Service & Secretary to Cabinet Mr. John Mitala (4th from left, front row) flanked by Permanent Secretaries at their

Annual Retreat discussing SDG progress

CHAPTER 2

A consultative workshop with the Civil Society Core Reference Group on SDGs (13 February 2020) informed the VNR report.

The reference group supported the process in several ways: 1) participating as a member of the National SDG advisory team

and the national SDG taskforce; 2) holding consultative workshops, including one with people with disabilities to deliberate on the

progress report; 3) sharing voices through the E-consultations.

SCOPE AND REVIEW PROCESS

Inpreparingthisreview,theGovernmenttookintoaccountlessonslearnedduringpreparationofthe2016report.Akeylessonwastheneedtostrengthenthecoordinationframe-worktoensurethatallstructuresplaytheirrole inshapingtheSDGimplementationprocess.Whilethe2016reportwascoordinatedbytheNationalSDGTaskforce,technicallead-ershipofthemulti-institutionaldraftingteamwascarriedoutbytheNationalPlanningAuthority(NPA),sincethefocusofthereportwasoninstitutionalreadinessandmainstreaming,whichfellwithintheNPAmandate.Thebreadthofthe2020VNR called for the involvement of all Technical WorkingGroups(whichincludeplanningandmainstreaming,commu-nication, data and reporting) to lead on respective areas,underoverallcoordinationbytheNationalSDGSecretariat.

In2019,theNationalSDGTaskforce,headedbythePerma-nent Secretary of theOffice of the PrimeMinister, estab-lishedamulti-institutionalAdvisoryCommitteedrawn fromministries, departments and agencies, Parliament, UNbodies, civil society organizations (CSOs) and the privatesector, toprovideoversight toallprocesses leading to theVNR report. The committee approved a comprehensiveroadmap,anannotatedchapteroutlineofthereport,andallothertechnicalengagementsrelatedtotheprocess.

TofacilitatedeliberationsontheVNRprocess,theNationalSDGSecretariatcommissionedthreemainprocesses.

First was populating the national SDG indicator matrix togatherdata, includingatadministrative level.Thisprocesswasinitiatedbyconveningstatisticiansofministries,depart-mentsandagenciestoprovidedata,withback-endapprovalsbytheUgandaBureauofStatistics(UBOS).ThismatrixwasusedbyUBOStoupdatetheSDGindicatormatrixrequiredtoenhancetheNationalSDGinteractiveDashboard.

Second was the preparation of the 2019 SDG progressreporthighlightinggoal-by-goalachievements,withaviewtofeedingitintotheVNR.Thereportwaspresentedatseveralfora,including:CSOSDGCoreReferenceGroupmeetings,theUNSDGTechnicalWorkinggroup,NationalSDGTask-force meetings comprising all heads of technical workinggroups, Permanent Secretaries, National Monitoring andEvaluationworkinggroup,andNationalCouncil forPeoplewithDisabilities,amongothers.


Third, for consultations to continue despite the prolongedlockdownimposedbytheCOVID-19Pandemic,threeonlineengagements were launched. One involved gathering thevoices of young people and children using the U-report,whichenabled23,324youngpeopletosharetheirviewsonSDGimplementationandaspectsthatmatterintheirlives.Tocapturevoicesofthepublic,anE-platformwasestablishedandpopularizedonseveralplatforms(socialmedia, televi-sion,radio,email).Morethan600peopleacrossthecountrysharedtheirviewson: areaswhereUgandaisperformingwellinadvancingtheSDGsandaspectsitneedstoimproveon; how the country canadvance theprincipleof “leavingnoonebehind”intheimplementationoftheSDGs;theroleofLocalGovernmentsinfast-trackingdeliveryoftheSDGs;local innovative practices that have enabled achievementof theSDGs;and theopportunities thatcanbeharnessedbygovernmentandnon-stateactorstoaccelerateprogresstowardstheachievementofthe2030Agenda.

ThemajorityofsurveyrespondentsindicatedthattheywerealreadyveryfamiliarwiththeSDGs(withonlyonerespon-dent indicating “somewhat familiar”). Most were from civilsociety organizations (27.8 percent), development part-nerssuchasUNagencies(27.8percent),andCentralandLocalGovernment (27.8percent),while11.0percentwereprivatecitizensand5.6percent fromtheprivatesector.Oftherespondents,55.6percentweremale,and44.5percentfemale,with nearly three-quarters (72.2 percent) based inKampala. Although many respondents were interested inmultiple SDGs, SDG 1 (eliminating poverty) and SDG 2(zerohunger)werethemostcommonSDGsofinterest.

BOX 1. QUESTIONS ASKED IN THE VNR E-PLATFORM SURVEY• What is your level of familiarity with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?• Elaborate on your response to the above, if you'd like. How did you hear about SDGs?• What are your SDGs of interest?• Share your views on areas where Uganda is performing well in the advancement of the SDGs, and aspects that the

country can improve on to stay on course to deliver on its aspirations.• How do you assess Uganda’s progress in mainstreaming the principle of leaving no one behind, in the

implementation of the SDGs? How could we reach the furthest behind in the Decade of Action to empower the most vulnerable?

• What role have Local Governments played in the implementation of the SDGs in Uganda? What challenges have they encountered? Where do you see Local Governments engaging effectively in fast-tracking delivery on the SDGs?

• Elaborate on some local innovative interventions that have enabled achievement of the SDGs in your area of engagement, with a proposal of how these can be harnessed to advance the 2030 Agenda in Uganda.

• Share with us the lessons you have drawn from the implementation of SDGs in your field of engagement.• From your experience, what are the opportunities that can be harnessed by government and non-state actors to

accelerate progress towards the achievement of 2030 Agenda?

Between April and May 2020, 23,324 young people aged between 15 and 30 years were consulted.

Male 55.6%Female 44.5%

Civil Society 27.8%Development Partner 27.8%Central Government 16.7%Local Government 11.1%Private Citizen 11.1%Private Sector 5.6%

The VNR E-platform attracted the participation of more than 600 people across the country.


PriortothedisruptionscausedbytheCOVID-19outbreak,consultativesessionshadbeenheldwith:MembersofParlia-mentduringtheannualretreatheldon30October2019;theUNSDGTechnicalWorkingGroup;thenationalCivilSocietyCoreReferenceGroup;andselectlocalgovernmentleadersas part of the SDG localization process. The VNR reportunderwent several reviewsby various actors, including allstructuresoftheNationalSDGCoordinationFramework.

Uganda isamong thefirst fourcountries to roll outanewapproachofvoluntaryreportingatthelocallevelbeginningwithNgoraLocalGovernmentinEasternregion.Supportedby the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(UNECA), this review approach was globally conceptual-ized as an important tool formeaningfulmulti-stakeholderengagementandmobilization toadvance the implementa-tionofAgenda2030andAgenda2063.LocalgovernmentscanthereforereporttheirprogresstowardsimplementationoftheSDGstotheHigh-LevelPoliticalForum.LiketheVNR,theNgoraDistrict Voluntary LocalReview process lookedat the wider development spectrum covering institutionalframeworksandaspectsof “leavingnoonebehind” in thedistrict development agenda. Results indicate that Ngora Districthasintegratedthe2030SDGAgendaandaspirationsofAgenda2063inthedistrictdevelopmentprocesses,feasi-bilitystudiesandbudgets.IntheDistrictDevelopmentPlan2015/2020, these are anchored within the objectives andperformancemonitoring indicators.The review highlighted fullalignmentof thefiveobjectivesof theDistrictDevelop-mentPlan(DDPII:2015/16–2019/20)totheSDGs.Buildingon thisVLRexperience, thedistrict has committed topaymoreattentiontotheSDGsandallocatemoreresourcestothegoalswhereperformanceislagging.

Several lessons have been learned from the innovativeconsultation process. First, unlike traditional workshopswhereparticipation isby invitationonly, theonline consul-tationsattractedmanymoreparticipantsandadiversityofstakeholders.Second, theconsultativeprocesscostmuchless than traditional approaches, making more resourcesavailable for other budget-constrained national processes.Third, more people, especially ICT-literate young people,womenandpeoplewithdisabilities,weremoreabletopartic-ipate.Ugandaplanstobuildontheseexperiencesinfutureconsultativeprocessesacrosssectors,whilebeingmindfulofthefactthatsomestakeholders,especiallythoseinruralareas,cannoteasilyaccessonlinefacilities.

Hon. Jackline Amongin MP (standing) discussing with women leaders during the Voluntary Local Review in Ngora district

Implementation of Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063 in Ngora district has been an important aspect yet ignored. This VLR has acted as a tool to inform Ngora District Development Plan 2020/21 to 2024/25, and also guide in the allocation of scarce resources to SDGs that are not on track and also redirect the Sustainable Development Agenda in Ngora district and the Lower Local Governments at large.

Mr Eumu Benard, Ngora District Chairperson


POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR SDG IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER 3


3.1 OWNERSHIP OF SDGS IN UGANDASince adoption of the SDGs, theGovernment has implemented an inclusive process to ensure that the 2030Agendaisownedbythepeople,startingwithnationalcoordinationarrangements.InstitutionaldeliveryontheSDGsisguidedbyamulti-stakeholderNationalSDGCoordinationFrameworkthatwasestablishedin2016undertheleadershipoftheOfficeofthePrimeMinister.Anchoredwithinthemainstreamgovernmentcoordinationarrange-ments, theFrameworkdefinesanddelegates leadership rolesand responsibilities fordifferentaspectsofcoor-dinating implementationof theSDGs.Since2016, theFrameworkhasundergonesome reforms toenable thecountrytodeliverontheAgenda.Acostednationalroadmapwaspreparedthroughawideconsultativeprocess,whichincludedGovernment,theprivatesector,civilsociety,theUNsystem,andthewiderdevelopmentpartnercommunity.TheroadmapwaspreparedtocreateanenablingframeworkforSDGimplementationandtogalva-nizecoherentsupportfromdifferentactors.WiththeNDPIIcomingtoanend,plansareunderwaytoupdatetheroadmaptoensureconformitywithNDPIII,andconsultationswillbebroaderthanbefore.

Coordination, M&E and Reporting TWG Chair: Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) Members: SWGs, MoLG, civil society, private sector, academia and development partners

Data TWG Chair: Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Members: SWGs, MoLG, civil society, private sector, academia and development partners

Planning and Mainstreaming TWG Chair: National Planning Authority (NPA) Members: SWGs, MoLG, civil society, private sector, academia and development partners

Communication and Popularisation TWG Chair: The Ministry of Information, Communication, Technology and National Guidance (MoICT&NG) Members: SWGs, MoLG, civil society, private sector, academia and development partners

Resource Mobilisation and Financing TWG Chair: Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED) Members: SWGs, MoLG, civil society, private sector, academia and development partners

SECTOR WORKING GROUPS

PARLIAMENT

Local Governments Ministries, Departments and Agencies

CABINET

SDG Policy Coordination Committee (SDG-PCC) Chair: The Prime Minister Members: Ministers, Heads of Cooperation and Agency

SDG Implementation Steering Committee (SDG-ISC) Chair: The Head of Public Service and Secretary to Cabinet Members: Permanent Secretaries, Heads of Mission,Cooperation and Agency

National SDG Taskforce Chair: The Permanent Secretary, Office of the Prime Minister Members: Technical officers from OPM, MoFPED, MoICT&NG, MoFA, MoLG, NPA, UBOS, NEMA, UHRC, LDPG, UN, CSO SDG Core Reference Group and PSFU

POLITICAL CORE TEAM

SDGSECRETARIAT


In 2018, as part of efforts to bring on board political lead-ership, the President appointed the Minister in Charge of General Duties in the Office of the Prime Minister as Cabinet focal person on the SDGs. Since then, theMinisterhasplayedapivotalroleinprovidingregularreportstoCabinetandundertakenseveral strategicengagementswithstateandnon-stateactors.Tofurtherconsolidatetheseefforts, in 2019 the PrimeMinister established a NationalSDGSecretariat tosteer thecoordinationprocess.Opera-tionalizationoftheSecretariathasreceivedthefullsupportoftheUNCountryTeamintermsofstaffingandinfrastruc-ture. Since the Secretariat was established, theTechnicalWorking Groups have functioned and reported effectively,involvingallstateandnon-stateactorsintheiroperations.

LocalGovernmentsareincreasinglypositioningthemselvestoimproveservicedelivery,ensuringthatcommunitiesownthedevelopmentof localservices.Theinstitutionalframe-work for implementation of the SDGs in now in place atthe national level, andUganda has started to roll out theSDG process systematically at the subnational level. Many Local Government leaders have limited informationontheagendaforlocalizingtheSDGs.Theyarestrugglingto interpret and relate theAgenda to the day-to-dayworkunderdecentralization.ItisappreciatedthatthefirststeptosecuringthecommitmentoflocalleadersandthesuccessfulimplementationoftheAgendahastobeawarenessraisingabout how they can contribute through their day-to-daywork.A collaborative and multi-stakeholder approach hasthereforebeenestablished tocomprehensively roll-out theSDG Agenda at the Local Government level. The SDGSecretariat,UgandaLocalGovernmentAssociation(ULGA),UrbanAuthorities’Association ofUganda (UAAU) and theUgandaNationalNGOForumarejointlyundertakingadvo-cacy engagements to ensure participation of all actors attheLocalGovernment level.SDGfocalpersonshavealsobeenappointedbyallLocalGovernmentstoliaisewiththeSDGsecretariatandSDGTechnicalWorkingGroups.TheNational Planning Authority has also undertaken severalcapacity-building engagements for District Planners toenable themtoeffectively integrate theSDGsandapplyaHumanRightsBasedApproachintheDistrictDevelopmentPlans and budgets. The Equal Opportunities Commission(EOC) has organized trainings for district-level officials ongender and equity planning and budgeting, thus coveringissuesthatareofparticularimportanceforSDG5andSDG10.

Muchefforthasbeenmadeatthesubnationalleveltocontex-tualize the SDGs and mobilize communities to own theirdevelopment agendawithmeagre resources.A civil societypolicy think tank,Advocates Coalition on Development andEnvironment (ACODE), has been implementing the LocalGovernmentCouncils’Scorecard.Thisscorecardisbasedon

The Minister for SDGs (right) and the UN Resident Coordinator (Centre) have on several occasions jointly engaged citizens on

issues related to SDG implementation

ACCORDING TO THE U-REPORT VNR SURVEY OF MAY 2020, 3 OUT OF EVERY 5 UGANDAN YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE NEVER HEARD OF THE SDGS, WITH MANY REGIONAL VARIATIONS. The Government needs to popularize and localize campaigns for the SDGs.

“…to achieve the 2030 Agenda at scale, let us work hard to leverage the local leadership up to the village level to sensitize the masses about the Agenda by landing it in their local context.”

Citizen’s voice

60% OF YOUTH EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE OVER THE LAST TWO YEARS FAMILY/GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (26%)SEXUAL HARASSMENT (20%)

ONLY 66%OF YOUTH HAVE ACCESS TO THE INTERNET AND AMONG THOSE WHO HAVE ACCESS, ONLY 23% CAN AFFORD TO USE IT EVERYDAY

Source: U-report VNR survey of May 2020


performanceindicatorsalignedtotheroles,responsibilitiesandfunctionsofelecteddistrictleadersasarticulatedintheLocalGovernmentActandtheGovernment’sdecentralizationpolicy.ThescorecardinitiativeimplementedbyACODEinpartnershipwiththeUgandaLocalGovernmentsAssociation(ULGA)stemsfromthedesiretocontributetothedeepeningofdemocraticdecentralizationinUganda,whileaddressingtheproblemofpoorservicedelivery.Thetheoryofchangeofthescorecardplacesemphasisonboththedemandandsupplysidesoflocalgovernance.ThisannualassessmentiskeyinmonitoringtheperformanceofLocalGovernments.Itprovidesusefulgovernanceinformationthatactsasabasisforactivatingcitizenengagementandprovidesevidenceforsustainedadvocacyatthe national level.

For2018/2019,thescorecardwasconductedin35districtsandindicatedanimprovementintheaverageperfor-mance of the assessedDistrict Councils, up from 51 percent in FY2016/17 to 62 percent in FY2018/19.Thisimprovementinaverageperformanceisalsoreflectedinotherparameterssuchaslegislativefunction,account-abilitytocitizens,andmonitoringservicedelivery,whichwentupfrom15to16points,11to14pointsand10to17pointsrespectively.ThispositivechangeinfunctionalityandperformanceofDistrictCouncilsispartlyattributedtothesustainedcapacity-buildingprogrammeforelecteddistrictleaders.

LocalGovernmentshavecontinuedtopromotecommunity-basedlocaldevelopmentbasedontheprinciplesofdili-gence,self-help,andcooperationtobetterthelivesoftheirpeoplethroughsmall-scale,self-helpprojects.Emphasisonmindsetchange insomedistricts,suchasBunyangabu,RubiriziandKabarole,hasresulted incommunitiesundertakingseveraldevelopmentprojectswithouthavingtowaitforLocalGovernmentfinancingtoimprovetheirlives.Thishas,forinstance,resultedintheconstructionofseveralkilometresofcommunityroadstofacilitatethetransportationofgoodstomarket,childrentoschoolandaccesstohealthfacilities. InMarachadistrict,parentsprovidedthelabourtobuildacommunityvocationalschoolfortheirchildrentolearnpracticalskillswhentheygrad-uatefromprimaryschool.InLuukadistrict(EasternUganda),communitiesgavelocalnamestoeachoftheSDGs,basedonwhattheymeanttothem–forexample,howpovertymanifestsintheircommunities.

Inexecutingtheir legislativefunction,Uganda’sParliamenthasremainedsteadfastinsupportingimplementationofthe2030Agenda.

Since its official pronouncement on the 2030 Agenda in2016,Uganda’sParliamenthasbeenproactiveinsupportingGovernmenteffortstoimplementtheSDGsonseveralfronts.Parliament plays a critical role in executing its oversightfunction, and this has resulted in commendable progress.Parliamentassessestheperformanceofthenationalbudgetusing twokeycompliance tools.Thefirst is theCertificateof Compliance, which gauges the country’s commitmentto achievingNDPII and the 2030Agenda throughBudgetinterventionsandallocations.ThishasresultedinthelevelofcomplianceofministerialbudgetstotheSDGsgoingupfrom54percent in2017/18to60percent in2018/192. The second is theGenderandEquityCertificate,whichplacedthecompliance levelof the2019/20budgetat61percent.The discourse over these tools has identified the need toimprovecapacityatsectorandLocalGovernmentlevelstoensurethatplanningandbudgetexecutionisinclusive.

2 2018/19CertificateofCompliance

“The Hanoi Declaration commits parliaments to keep an eye on the implementation of the SDGs. SDG means that no person under whatever circumstances is left behind in development. It also means that local developmental challenges are tackled at both the local and global levels. This invites a different approach to the way parliaments legislate and oversee the performance of duty bearers.”

Statement by the Speaker of Parliament at a Regional Seminar on the Sustainable Development Goals for the Parliaments of Sub-Saharan Africa: Kampala (Uganda) 1 March 2017


In2018,Parliament’sreviewoftheAuditorGeneral’sReportonprogressonimplementationoftheSDGsidentifiedsomeimplementationgapswhichGovernmentaddressedbystrengtheningthecoordinationfunction.Asaresult,theNationalSDGSecretariatwasestablishedandisfullyfunctional.

BOX 2: PARLIAMENTARY ADVOCACY FORUMS ACROSS THE SDGS• Uganda Women Parliamentary Association• Uganda Parliamentary Forum for Children• Parliamentary Forum for Climate Change • Parliamentarians Co-operative Savings and Credit Society Limited• Greater North Parliamentary Forum• Uganda Parliamentary Forum on Sustainable Development Goals• Uganda Parliamentarians Forum on Food Security, Population and Development• The Uganda Parliamentary Forum on Social Protection• Uganda Parliamentary Forum on Disaster Risk Reduction.• Parliamentary Forum on Non-Communicable Diseases• Parliamentary Forum on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene• Parliamentary Forum on Road Safety• Parliamentary Forum on Oil and Gas• Parliamentary Forum on Media• Uganda Parliamentary Forum on Malaria• Quality Health Forum

Parliament’scommitteesarefullyfunctionalandpivotalinensuringtransparencyintheallocationanduseofgovern-mentresources,scrutinizingrelevantBillsfordebateinParliament,andassessingandevaluatingtheactivitiesofGovernmentandotherbodies,amongotherfunctions.Inadditiontotheformalcommittees,MembersofParliamenthavecontinued toadvocate forvariousaspectsof theSDGsthrough their respectiveadvocacy forumsas theypertaintoinclusivityandvulnerablepeople’srights.Amongothers,MembersofParliamenthaveestablishedandensuredthefunctioningoftheParliamentaryForumontheSDGs(PFSDGs),whichcontinuestoconductadvocacyactivitiesontheSDGswithinthedifferentcommitteesthatMPsparticipatein.

Uganda’s private sector is increasingly paying attention to the2030Agendaandhasbeeninstrumentalonseveralfronts.First,theyhavebeeninstrumentalinshapingthepolicydiscourseonthecountry’snationaldevelopmentplanning.Second,theyhavealsobeen instrumental insupporting thecoordinationstructureforSDG implementation.Aswell as being represented by thePrivate Sector Foundation of Uganda (PSFU) at the NationalSDGTaskforce,theprivatesectorprovidedtechnicalsupporttothepreparationofthenationalroadmapforcreatinganenablingenvironment forSDG implementation. The private sector hasalsofacilitatedseveraldialoguesaimedatadvancingtheSDGs.Forinstance,atasideeventduringthe2017Soli-daritySummitonRefugees,someprivatesectorleadersshowcasedthepotentialbusinesscaseforinvestinginrefugeeandhostcommunities,anddeliberatedontheincentivesrequiredfromGovernmentfortheprivatesectortoengageproactivelyinsupportinglocalcommunitiesinbusinessvaluechains.

Let us engage the private sector more to understand the economic value of investing in all the SDGs… For instance, why it should matter to keep people healthy, ensure equal pay, protect the environment.

Citizen’s voice


Theprivatesector is increasinglyputtingahumanfaceto theirbusinessoperationstoadvance the welfare of Ugandan citizens.Forexample,withUNDPsupport,45enter-prisesareimplementingtheGenderEqualitySealCertificationProgramme,whichaimstopromote gender equality in the workplace,andcontributetotheachievementofSDG5.

BOX 3: THE PRIVATE SECTOR FOUNDATION OF UGANDA’S ENGAGEMENT IN THE 2030 AGENDAStatement by the Chairman: Hon Dr. Elly KaruhangaThe PSFU is Uganda’s umbrella body for the private sector. It is structured around 11 sectors of the economy to facilitate advocacy and dialogue with Government on the major policy reforms that drive national competitiveness. We are also mandated to support business development service delivery in a manner that propels increased participation of the Private sector in wealth creation and job growth. The private sector cuts across all the 17 SDGs. Investment in agricultural production, manufacturing, health care, education, provision of employment, management of labour relations and the environment, promoting business for peace and handling the refugee crisis are among the many opportunities the private can seize in pursuit of attaining the SDG targets. Therefore they must be mobilized to be at the forefront in implementing Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. Some of the SDGs are already being championed by our own business leaders to help guide the private sector in identifying investment gaps and how they may seize the various investment opportunities. Uganda’s private sector is fully committed to working with Government and the UNDP to support the attainment of Agenda 2030. PSFU was involved in the first steps towards implementing the post-2015 development agenda and we appreciate the confidence the UN family continues to place in us as the national coordinating body for the private sector. The PSFU has signed up to 3 programmes with the UNDP that directly involve Uganda’s private sector:1. The Gender Equality Seal Certification Programme, which is helping us to meet the targets under Goal 5

2. The Spotlight Initiative, which is supporting the fight against Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) under Goal 10

3. The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) Support Programme, which is supporting the private sector to mitigate the effects of climate change by promoting green investments under Goal 13.

Promoting Partnerships under Goal 17 will be extremely important in the attainment of all the other goals. PSFU is now mobilizing the Ugandan private sector to finance green investments and provide capital in a manner that will help us meet the SDG targets. This will be accomplished by sensitizing the business community about the various indicators that will be monitored towards these targets. PSFU is committed to working together with everyone in identifying investment gaps, and through our advocacy role, work with government to establish and maintain a conducive business climate that shall deliver an efficient and competitive private sector. One that will be able to identify opportunities, create descent jobs and spur growth.

Leaders of the private sector companies that committed to participate in the Gender Equality Seal Certification Programme with the representatives from the UN, PSFU,

Swedish Embassy and Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, June 2018


Thepenetrationofmobilemoney transactionsand their integration intomainstreambankinghasenabled ruralcitizenstoparticipateinthefinancialsystem,andalsoconnectedsectorsandservices,suchasagriculture,healthandeducation.TheprivatesectorhasalsocollaboratedwithGovernmentanddevelopmentpartners toexpandcoverageofrenewableenergysolutions,includinginruralareas.Therecentpasthasalsoseenthedevelopmentofpreventionofsexualharassmentpolicies,theamendmentofmaternityandpaternityleavepoliciestosupportfamilyvalues,andtheinclusionofhealthinsuranceinemployeebenefitpackages.Inthefinancialsector,companieshavedevelopedsavingsandloanproductstargetinglow-incomepeople,especiallywomenandyoungpeople.

ThePrivateSectorSDGPlatformwasestablishedinpartnershipwithgovernmentanddevelopmentpartners(seebelow). Thisplatformisenvisagedasanationally-ownedmulti-stakeholdermechanismtoaddressvariousaspectsofprivatesectorengagementintheSDGs.

Civilsociety’slongstandingandvaluedpartnershipwithGovernmenthascontinuedtodominatetheSDGadvo-cacyspace.

Civil society organizations (CSOs) coordinate theirworkthroughaCSOSDGCoreReferenceGroupthatbrings together several CSO partners to collaborate,createsynergy,sharetheirwork,andproduceannualreports on SDG implementation. The group, estab-lishedin2015,meetsquarterlyandcoordinatescloselywithgovernment institutionsthatare involved inSDGwork.

BeforethelaunchofAgenda2030,theCSOSDGCoreReferenceGroupwasthemechanismusedtomobilizeandengagecitizensinthepost-2015agendaprocess.TheGroupconductedconsultationsacrossthecountrywhichfedintothepost-2015consultationsprocessaroundtheworld.In2016,CSOsinUgandalaunchedtheTondeka Mabega (LeaveNoOneBehind) initiative to localize theSDGsbyworkingwithmarginalizedgroupsandpopu-larizingtheSDGprinciples.Amongthemanyachievementsofthiscampaignare the CitizenDialogues,aimedatamplifyingthevoicesofmarginalizedgroupsanddemandingafundamentalshiftinnationalandglobalpolicycommitmentstobringaboutanendtoinequalityandpoverty,whichperpetuatehumansuffering.ThedialoguesprovidedaplatformformarginalizedgroupstovoicetheirconcernsandaspirationsintheimplementationoftheSDGs.Theywerealsoanopportunityforgroupstoshareinnovativesolutionstheyhavedevelopedtoaddressthedailychallengestheyface.

The Minister for SDGs re-launching the Tondeka Mabega (Leave No One Behind) Campaign by the Civil Society Core Reference Group members in

May 2019.


CSOshavesofarissuedthreeSDGreportsforthetwoSDGHigh-LevelPoliticalForums(HLPFs)heldannuallyattheUNinNewYork.ThesereportsreviewachievementstowardstheattainmentofthevariousSDGsinUgandaandarticulategapsthatstillneedtobefilled.Thereportsarelaunchedatin-countryeventsduringHLPFweekandaresharedwithCSOcolleaguesandgovernmentdelegations fromUganda thatattend theCSOForum.Everyquarter,leadCSOsforthevariousSDGsmeettoreviewprogressandagreeontheircollectiveaswellasgoal-spe-cificadvocacy.Throughthisprocess,civilsocietyhascontributedtothedevelopmentoftheSDGRoadmapforUgandainallthethematicgroups.CivilsocietyalsocontinuestoparticipateinSDGcoordinationmeetingsintheOfficeofthePrimeMinisterandotherrelevantspaces.

ThethematicpartnershavecontinuedtoproducereportsandadvocacymessagesforthevariousSDGs.NotableprogresshasbeenmadebytheCSOsworkingonSDGswithaparticularfocusonyoungpeople,disability,genderequalityandwomen’sempowerment.Inalltheseprocesses,theideahasbeentoensurethatCSOsareengagedintheSDGprocessandcontinuetoengageinpolicydiscussionsonSDGimplementationinUganda.

Women and Gender Consortium: In2017,women’sorganizationsformedtheUgandaGenderConsortiumonSDGs(UGCS). Itscoremandate is tosupport theprocess of domestication and implementation of theglobalSDGagendainagender-responsiveway.TheUGCS complements government efforts in ensuringthat gender equality is mainstreamed in the SDGs,creatingawarenessof thegender targets, andmoni-toring implementation of the goals from a genderperspective to feed into reporting at national andsub-regionallevels.Itissuesreportseveryyearonthegender responsiveness of the SDG implementationprocess in thecountry.The2018Report,From Voice to Action,wasinstrumentalinarticulatingtheissuesofwomenandgirls.Equally,womenleadershavebeenkeyinadvocatingforgender-basedandresponsiveplanning. On 28 February 2020, for example, over 3,000 women participated in the launch of the African Women Leaders Network (AWLN) Uganda Chapter. Thisplatformprovides forcollectiveaction towardsaddressing thestructuralbarriers thathavecontinued toaffectwomen inleadership.

PersonswithDisabilitiesThe National Council for Persons with Disabilities(NCPD),inpartnershipwithorganizationsforpersonswith disabilities and development partners, has beeninstrumental in SDG implementation in Uganda. TheNationalCouncil forPersonswithDisabilities(NCPD)hascoordinatedotherdisabledpersons’organizationsto enhance the participation of persons with disabil-ities in Agenda 2030. The NCPD has strengthenedcoordination, monitoring and reporting, and has builtcapacityondisabilityinclusionatNationalandDistrictlevels. Development partners and CSOs – such asSightsavers,CheshireServicesUganda,Light for theWorld,HumanityandInclusion,ActiononDisabilityandDevelopment,KatalemwaCheshireHomeandComprehensiveRehabilitationServicesinUganda–havesupportedinthepromotionofinclusiveeducation,livelihoods,employment,accessibilityimprovement,health,rehabilitationandprovisionofassistivedevices,andpsychosocialsupportforPersonswithDisabilities.TheGovernmenthasputinplacealegalandpolicyframeworkthatenhancestheparticipationandrepresentationofolderpersonsintheimplementationofAgenda2030,suchasthePrinciplesfortheproposedOlderPersonsBill(2018),NationalStrategicPlanfortheprovisionofQualityandAccessibleFriendlyHealthCareServicestoOlderPersons,2019,andtheRatificationoftheAUProtocoltotheAfricanCharteronHumanandPeoples’RightsontheRightsofOlderPersonsinAfrica.

Women leaders at the launch of the African Women Leaders Network (AWLN) Uganda Chapter

On 18 March 2020 the NCPD organized a consultative meeting on addressing data gaps for persons with disabliities to inform planning in

Uganda.


Youth:Youngpeoplehavebeenholdingdebatesinschoolsundertheumbrellaofseveralorganizations,includingOpenSpaceandYouthSDGAmbassadors.Therehavebeenprojectstargetingsemi-urbanprivateschoolsaroundKampalawhereyoungpeoplehavebeentrainedusingnon-formalpedagogicalmethodsthatmake iteasier forthemtounderstand,engagewith,andfollowuporgaininterestintheSDGs.ThroughtheSDGawarenessweeks,eachyearinOctoberyoungpeoplehavebeensharingtheirSDG-relatedinnovationsforsupportandmentorshipbydevelopmentpartners.YoungpeoplehavealsolaunchedaninitiativeknownasOne Million Youth One Million Solu-tions toidentifyyoungandtalentedinnovatorsacrossallregionsofUgandaforcontinuousmentorshiptoscaleuptheirideas.YoungpeoplewereengagedduringtheVNRprocesspollsaskingspecificquestionsaimedatassessingtheirunderstandingofselectedyouth-relatedSDGs.Atotalof25,247youngpeoplerespondedtothepolls.

Young people at the Youth Engagement Forum on SDGs in Kampala on 24 October 2019


3.2 INTEGRATION OF SDGS IN UGANDA PLANNING AND FINANCING SYSTEM

3.2.1 PolicyandPlanningAlignmentUganda’splanningauthorityensuresthatplanningframeworksatall levelsarewellalignedwiththeSDGs.TheNDPII,whichhasbeen theguiding framework fornationaldevelopment for the lastfiveyears,was70percentalignedtotheSDGsandplacesUgandainanadvantageouspositiontoleadbyexamplebyadoptingandlocalizingtheSDGs.ThisincludesimplementingprojectsgearedtowardsachievementoftheSDGs,particularlythosethatfitwithinthecurrentnationaldevelopmentobligationsaswellasEastAfricanRegionalIntegrationandAfricanAgenda2063developmentcommitments.TheSDGscontinuetoguidethedeterminationofpriorityinvestmentareas,totheextentthattheNDPIIIfocusareasareIndustry,GovernanceandEnvironment.TheseareashavebeenidentifiedasacceleratorsfortheattainmentofNDPIIIbasedonSDGmodellingusingacustomizedUgandaiSDGmodelandfollowingaseriesofconsultationswithstateandnon-stateactorstodeliberateonthestrategicdirectionthattheplanwouldtakeforthenextfiveyears.

3.2.2 AligningbudgetstoSDGsToensureconformityofthenationalbudgetwiththeNDPIIandSDGs,theGovernmenthasmaintaineditsinno-vativepracticeofassessing thequalityofsectorbudgets toassess theircompliance.This iscomplementedbytheCertificatesofGenderandEquitymeasuring the responsivenessofnationalanddistrictbudgets togenderandequity.TheannualcertificateofcomplianceindicatedanimprovementinSDGalignmentfrom60.9percentin2017/18to64percentin2018/19.AnalysisofalignmentofSDGstothebudgetfurtherindicatedthatSDGs1,4,5and16scoredover75percent,while6,8and17scoredover70percent.ThegoodperformanceinSDG1wasdrivenby,amongotherthings,thesocialprotectionprogrammesthathavehadbeneficialeffectsonseveraldimen-sions,suchasfoodsecurity,education,employmentandproductivityinthedistrictsselectedforthepilot.Improve-ments in land titlingarebenefitingwomen, though theyarestilldisproportionately representedamong thepoorbecauseofhighdomesticworkburdens.SDG4scoredwellgiventhat63.3percentofchildrenunderfiveyearsaredevelopmentallyontrackinhealthandlearningoutcomes.Earlychildhoodeducationshowsgreatpromiseasanavenuetohelpchildrendevelopandlearnbasicskills,althoughonly26percentofchildrenhaveachievedbasicliteracyandnumeracyskillsattheageofsix.Currently,7millionadultUgandansarenon-literate.UnderSDG5,UgandahasalmosteradicatedFGM/C,withtheproportionofgirlsandwomenaged15–49yearswhohaveunder-goneFGM/Chavingreducedto0.3percentnationally.However,thepracticeisstillcommoninthesub-regionsofSebeiandKaramojainEasternUganda.

UnderSDG11Target11.1,about7outofevery10youngpeoplepolledthroughU-Reportreportedthattheyliveinsafeaccommodation(rangingfrom66percentto73percentacrossbothsexes,allagegroupsandgeographicallocations).UnderSDG16,thefeelingofsafetyincreasedsignificantlyfrom51percentin2013to94.3percentin2017forthosereportingfeelingsafeduringthedaytime.

3.3 LEAVING NO ONE BEHINDAtthetimeofadoptionofthe2030AgendaallMemberStates,includingUganda,pledgedtoensurethat“noonewillbeleftbehind”andto“endeavourtoreachthefurthestbehindfirst”.3Inpractice,thisstatementenjoinsallMemberStatestotakeactiontoendextremepoverty,curbinequalities,confrontdiscrimination,andfast-trackprogresstoreachthefurthestbehindfirst.LeaveNoOneBehindthereforeemphasizesthecriticaldistributionalaspectsoftheglobaldevelopmentagenda.4Thethreemutuallyreinforcing“levers”identifiedascornerstonesthatcountriesneedtoembraceinclude:1)empowerthroughcivicengagementandvoice;2)enactthroughintegrated,equity-focusedSDGpolicies,interventionsandbudgets;and:3)examine,throughuseofdisaggregatedandpeople-drivendataandinformation.

3 SeeAgenda20304 UNDP(2018)What does it mean to leave no one behind? A framework for implementation,UNDP,NewYork


i) Empower:throughcivicengagementandvoiceCivic engagement has continued to prevail and generateconstructive debate on issues of sustainable develop-ment. Uganda’s previously mentioned Tondeka Mabega Campaign was relaunched in May 2019 by the CabinetMinisterinchargeofSDGs5toreawakencitizens’voicesontheSDGsatnationalandsub-national levels,andcapturethe participation of all, including vulnerable people. In thevariousregionsofUganda,fourcategoriesofmarginalizedpeoplewereidentifiedand“listeningandsolutionssessions”betweencommunitymembersanddecisionmakersandcivilsocietypartnerswereheldinselectedcommunities.Conve-ners of these sessions explain the SDGs in local termsso that theyareunderstoodat the local level.Communitymembersthensharetheirstoriesandconcernsandsuggestwhat theywant the decisionmakers to do andwhat theywant to do themselves to achieve theSDGs in their localarea.Thisexerciseisdocumentedandrecorded,andshortreports and films of the key issues are produced. Withinthepublic sector, theGovernmenthas sustainedCommu-nity Based Information Forums, called Barazas, coordi-natedbytheOfficeofthePrimeMinister. This initiative has increased citizens’ participation in the development cyclethroughtheeffectivemonitoringofpublicserviceprovidersand the demand for accountability for public resources toenhance transparencyand improvepublicservicedeliverywithin Local Governments. For instance, implementationof the National Agricultural Advisory Services programmechangedwhenOperationWealthCreationwasintroducedtoaddressdelaysandirregularitiesinthe distributionofitemsto community beneficiaries. In addition, every local radiostationinthecountryallocatedonehourweeklyforGovern-ment to deliver advocacy messages on issues affectingcommunities.ThisisbeingcarriedoutthroughtheOfficeoftheResidentDistrictCommissionerandtechnicalandpolit-icalleadershipinthedistricts.

5 Seedetailsofthecampaignhere

Community members attending and presenting their issues to Government during the Barazas

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YrACVQtZU1JmS0ULmAze-RpnLaP7Srjg/view


Ugandahasoneoftheyoungestandmostrapidlygrowingpopulationsintheworld,with57percentofitspopula-tionundertheageof18and48.7percentundertheageof15(UBOS,2016).Toensurethatnochildisleftbehind,Ugandahasputinplacelegal instrumentstoensuretheimplementationoftheUNConventionontheRightsoftheChild(UNCRC).Forexample,TheChildrenActwasamendedin2016toalignitmorecloselywiththeUNCRCandtheNationalActionPlanforChildWellbeing(2016–2021)haslinkstotheSDGsonchildsurvivalanddevelop-ment,protection,participationandimplementation.TheNationalActionPlanforChildrenwithDisabilities(2016/17–2020/21)seekstoaddressthegapsininterventionsforchildrenwithdisabilities.

TheGovernmenthasputinplaceamechanismfortheroutinecollectionofdataundertheOrphansandVulnerableChildrenprogrammeandtheManagementInformationsystemoftheMinistryofGender,LabourandSocialDevel-opment (MoGLSD) tocollectdata fromallchildren’s rights implementers (governmentalandnongovernmental).Furthermore,since2016/17,theUgandaBureauofStatisticshaspioneeredtheinclusionoftheconsensualdepri-vationpovertymoduleintheUgandaNationalHouseholdSurvey.ThisisacleardisplayofGovernment’scommit-menttoimproveitsabilitytoassessandmonitorthestatusofchilddeprivationstomeetSDGtargets.

In2016,therightofeverychildtoanameandnationalitywasincorporatedintheChildrenActtospecificallyinte-gratetherighttoberegisteredatbirthandtoanameandnationality.

Regardinggirls, lackofmentorshiphasbeenidentifiedasoneof thereasonswhyahighnumberofvulnerablegirlswhoenrolinPrimaryOnedonotcompletePrimarySeven.WorkingwithdevelopmentpartnersandNGOs,theGovernmenthasputinplacementorshipprogrammesthatincludetheestablishmentofmentorshipmembers’clubs.Thesehavehelpedinaddressingschooldropoutandencouragingchildrentoreturntoschoolinadditiontoreportingcasesofviolence.

Forexample,inNovember2019,studentsinAdjumanidistrictaskedtopresentissuesthataffectthemattheDistrictBudgetConferencefortheeducationsector.Thestudents–mostofthemgirls–spokeabouttheirconcernsaboutsexualviolence,teenagepregnancy,childmarriage,thehighnumberofschooldropouts,andthelackofapolicesurgeontoconductmedicalexaminationsincasesofsexualviolence.

TheUDHS2016foundthat25percentofadolescentgirlsaged15–19yearsinUgandahavebegunchildbearing,withmorebirthsregisteredinruralareas(27percent)thanurbanareas(17percent).Throughitsfreeeducationprogrammefromprimarytotheendofsecondaryschool,GoBacktoSchoolprogrammeandAcceleratedLearningProgramme,theGovernmentisworkingwithdevelopmentpartnersandgrassroot-basedcivilsocietiestosupportchildrenwhohavedroppedouttoreturntoschool.Aswellasgirlswhoarepregnantorhavehadababy,thesemeasureshavebenefitedrefugeeandinternallydisplacedchildren;victimsofchildmarriage;abductedchildren;orphans,childheadsofhouseholdandchildrenlivingwithdisabilities.

Through the concerted efforts of volunteers, Government, civilsociety, the private sector and the United Nations, Uganda isseekingtostrengthenpeople’sownershipofthe2030Agenda.

On24October2019,UnitedNationsDaywascelebratedaspartof SDGAwarenessMonth. Throughout themonth, a wide rangeof activities, with a focus on youth engagement, were organizedto raise awareness about the SDGs. These included the SDGRun/Marathon, regionalconcerts,ahigh-levelpaneldiscussion todiscussSDGpolicyissues,andmediacampaigns.6

6 SeeOPM(2019)Status of SDG Implementation, Unpublished,OPM,Kampala

The people know what development means to them. All they require are requisite resources, empowerment and confidence to shape the future for their children, families and communities.”

Citizen’s voice


ii) Enact:integrated,equity-focusedSDGpolicies,interventions,andbudgetsTheConstitutionofUganda is theoverarching legal framework thatsupportsequity-focused initiativesand is inalignmentwithglobalandregional instrumentsandpoliciessuchas:TheEastAfricanCommunity(EAC)Treaty(2000),TheCommonMarketforEasternandSouthernAfrica(COMESA),theInterGovernmentAuthorityonDevel-opment (IGAD), theNewPartnerships forAfricanDevelopment (NEPAD), theAfricanUnionAgenda2063,andmanymore.

UgandaisaStatepartytokey regional and international human rights instruments. Atregionallevel,UgandaratifiedtheAfricanCharteronHumanandPeoples’Rights,theProtocolontheRightsofWomeninAfrica(MaputoProtocol)andtheAfricanCharterontheRightsandWelfareoftheChild.Attheinternationallevel,Ugandaratifiedeightoutofninecorehumanrightsinstruments,i.e.theInternationalCovenantonEconomicSocialandCulturalRights(ICESCR);theInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights(ICCPR);theConventionontheElimina-tionofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW);theConventionontheRightsoftheChild(UNCRC)and itsOptionalProtocols;7 theConventionon theRightsofPersonswithDisabilities (CRPD) the InternationalCovenantontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination(ICERD);theInternationalConventionontheProtectionoftheRightsofAllMigrantWorkersandMembersofTheirFamilies(CMW)andtheConventionagainstTortureandOtherCruel,InhumanorDegradingTreatmentorPunishment(CAT).8

Uganda is also committed to key declarations adopted by the regional and international community related tohumanrightsandgenderequality, including theBeijingDeclarationandPlatformforAction(1995), the Interna-tionalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment(ICPD)(1994),TheAUHeadsofStateSolemnDeclarationonGenderEquality(July2004),theCommonwealthPlanofActiononGenderandDevelopment;theUNDeclarationonViolenceAgainstWomen(1993),the2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,andtheAddisAbabaDecla-rationontheDemographicDividend.

The 1995 Constitution also obliges Ugandans to respect the dignity and rights of persons with disabilities. Inresponsetotheadvocacyinitiativesoforganizationsrepresentingpersonswithdisabilities,Ugandahasenactedseveraldisability-friendlylaws.Theseinclude:TheNationalCouncilonDisabilityAct2003(withadditionalamend-ments2013);the2006DisabilityAct;the2006EqualOpportunitiesCommissionAct2006;the1997LocalGovern-mentAct;andthe1996Children’sStatute(withamendmentsin2016).Severalpoliciesandguidelinesalsosupportinterventions forpersonswithdisabilities.These include the2015OrphansandVulnerableChildrenPolicy, the2006NationalPolicyonDisability,the2012DisabilityGuidelines,andtheAlternativeCareFramework.

Intermsoflabourandemployment,UgandahasratifiedalloftheeightkeyConventionsundertheInternationalLabourOrganization.TheMoGLSDreportsthatover40,000youngpeoplearereleasedannuallyintothejobmarkettocompeteforjust9,000jobs.Inresponse,theGovernmenthasputinplaceanumberoflegalandpolicymeasurestoaddressunemployment,suchas: theNationalYouthPolicy, theNationalEmploymentPolicy forUganda; theSkillingUgandaStrategicPlan2012–2022;andtheNationalYouthCouncil–allofwhichprovideaframeworkforyouthengagementandemployment.

With1.42millionrefugees,UgandahasthelargestrefugeepopulationinAfricaandthethirdbiggestintheworld.9 Thecountry’s favourable legalandpolicyenvironment for refugees includes freedomofmovement, the right towork,therighttodocumentation,andaccesstogovernmentservicesonaparwithnationals.Withrefugeesmakingup3percentofthepopulation,theSDGscannotbeachievedwithoutactivelyincludingrefugeesinthedevelop-mentprocess. InMarch2017, theGovernment launched theComprehensiveRefugeeResponse (CRRF).ThisGovernment-led,wholeofgovernmentandmulti-stakeholderapproachaimsatprovidingcomprehensivesupportforrefugeeandhostcommunitiesalikeandiscontributingtotheattainmentoftheSDGs.SincetheintroductionoftheCRRF,inSeptember2018UgandalauncheditsEducationResponsePlan(ERP),10followedinJanuary2019bytheHealthSectorIntegratedRefugeeResponsePlan,andinMarch2020bytheWaterandEnvironmentSector

7 Optional Protocol to the CRC on the involvement of children in armed conflict; Optional Protocol to the CRC on the sale of children child prostitution and child pornography

8 Uganda has accepted the individual complaints procedures under ICCPR and CRPD, as well as the confidential inquiry procedure under CAT and CRPD.

9 Source-UNHCR,GovernmentofUganda,OfficeofthePrimeMinister,availableathttps://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga.

10 EducationResponsePlanforRefugeesandHostCommunities,MoES,2018.

https://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga

https://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga


ResponsePlan.TogethertheseareadvancingprogresstowardsmanySDGsinacomprehensiveandsustainablemanner.

UgandahasalsoputinplacerelevantinstitutionsandlegalinstrumentssuchastheEqualOpportunitiesCommis-sionandPublicFinanceManagementActthatrecognizetheneedforequityindevelopment.ThenationalbudgetprocessisguidedbytheBudgetActthattakesintoconsiderationgenderandequityissues.Allthesearecriticalstepstowardsaddressingtheconcernsofvulnerablegroups.

Uganda’seffortstoimplementtheSDGshavegreatlybenefitedfromGovernment’scommitmenttoapplyaHumanRightsBasedApproach(HRBA)todevelopment.Initspreamble,theConstitutionofUganda(1995)expressesthecommitmentto“buildabetterfuturebyestablishingasocio-economicandpoliticalorderthroughapopularanddurablenationalConstitutionbasedontheprinciplesofunity,peace,equality,democracy,freedom,socialjusticeandprogress”.Inlinewiththisprovision,itisimperativethatpeopleareatthecentreofdevelopmentefforts.Thiscorrespondstotheaspirationsofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.TheNationalPlanningAuthority,initsHumanRightsBasedApproachPlanningToolforSectorsandLocalGovernments,11underscoresthattack-lingpovertyandachievingsocio-economictransformationnecessitatespayingattentiontotheprinciplesofhumanrightsthatemphasizetheinclusionandempowermentofeveryperson.Uganda’sVision2040(Sections322–323)statesthatrespectforhumanrightsshallbeatthecoreofdevelopmentplanning.ItfurtherstatesthatGovernmentshallensurethattheHRBAisintegratedinpolicies,legislation,plansandprogrammes.

NDPIIexpresslystates that, toensure inclusivedevelopment,allsectors,ministries,departmentsandagencies(MDAs)andLocalGovernmentsareexpectedtoadoptaHRBAintheirrespectivepolicies,legislation,programmesandplans.Thismeansthatduringimplementationoftheirplansandmandates,sectors,MDAs,andLGswillbeguidedby the followingprinciples:explicit linkage tohumanrights instruments;equalityandnon-discrimination;accountability;empowerment;participation;andattentiontovulnerablegroups.ApplyingaHRBAtodevelopmentisalsoacriticalfactorfortheadvancementoftheSDGagendainUganda.

Considerableeffortshavebeenmadeby theNPAandpartners to roll outapplicationof theHRBA inUganda,particularlyamongLocalGovernments.Muchhasbeenachieved,andmorecanbedonetoeffectivelyimplementtheHRBAasacentralprogrammingprinciple.ApplyingaHRBAtoVision2040,NDPIIIandimplementationoftheSDGsisthereforecontributingtomakingrightsacentraltenetofdevelopmentinUganda.

iii) Examine,throughuseofdisaggregatedandpeople-drivendataandinformation Ugandahasbeenusingdata forplanningandpolicy formulation formanyyears. Inbuilding itsstatisticalbase,thecountryinvestsinnationwidecoveragetocommunitylevel,anddisaggregationofdataaccordingtogender,ageanddisabilitystatus,aswellasinseveral indicatorsthatfacilitateeasyidentificationofdifferentcategories,includingthevulnerable.

ThroughitsflagshipglobalprogrammeMakingEveryWomanandGirlCount,UNWomenissupportingmonitoringandimplementationoftheSDGsthroughtheproductionanduseofdisaggregateddataandgenderstatistics.

TheUgandaBureauofStatistics(UBOS)hasadoptedthesharedmethodologiesdevelopedforTierIIIindicatorsthrough theMakingEveryWomanandGirlCountProgrammeand reprocessedexisting data.This resulted intheproductionofrelevantindicatorswithalllevelsofdisaggregationandupdatedtheNPGEIs2019,bringingtheindicatorswithavailabledata from80 to140.Thecapacityof theNationalStatisticalSystem(NSS) toproduceandmakeavailablehighquality,comparableandregulardisaggregatedstatisticstoaddressnationaldatagapsforevidence-basedpolicyanddecisionmakingiswellcoordinatedthroughtheNationalStatisticalIndicator(NSI)Framework.DataandinformationdrawnfromvariousgenderdatasourcessuchasNationalPriorityGenderIndica-tors(NPGEIs)2019,NationalStandardIndicators2018,NationalGovernance,PeaceandSecuritySurvey(NGPSS2017),TimeUseSurvey2017/1812andrelatedgenderanalyticalresearchpapersandpolicybriefswereusedforthereviewandproductionofreportsoncountrycommitmentssuchasNDPII,Beijing+25,CEDAW,SDGs,andthedesignofNDPIIIandtheUNCommonCountryAssessmentframeworkandStrategicDevelopmentCoopera-tionframework.TheanalyticalcapacitiesofNationalStatisticalSystems,governmentinstitutions,civilsocietyand

11 Thetoolisavailablehere:http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/HRBA-Tool.pdf 12 Uganda Time Use Survey report (TUS 2017-2018) published June 2019; Occassional Paper 49 by Economic Policy

Research Centre - EPRC; An Emperical Investigation of Gender and Time Use in Uganda, 2019

http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/HRBA-Tool.pdf


academia tousegenderstatisticsarestrengthened.Over30MDAsand84HigherLocalGovernments (HLGs)havebeentrainedinthecollection,usageanddisseminationofgenderstatisticsandareabletointegrategenderperspectives in theirplanning frameworksandstrategicplans forstatisticsunder thecapacitybuildingprogramfor gender statistics2018-2023.Due to theprerequisite of integratinggender intoplanning, programming, andreporting, inorder toobtainagenderandequitycertificate, theMDAs,CSOsandeven theUNagencieshaveincreased their demand for gender statistics training. Uganda has realized increased institutionalization of thedialoguebetweendatausersandproducerstoenhancethedemandforandrelevanceofdisaggregatedstatistics.ThishasbeensupportedbyUNWomenthroughtheAnnualGenderStatisticsForumheldduringstatisticsweek.

Thisworkhasbeenmadepossibleby theGovernment’sconcertedefforts instrengtheningnationalcapacity togather,analyzeandusedisaggregateddataandevidence suchastheNationalSingleRegistryledbytheMoGLSD.Becauseofinstabilityinneighbouringcountries,Uganda’srefugeepopulationincreasedsharplyinsomedistricts.Toenabledata-drivenpolicymaking inthesedistricts, in2018UBOSconductedoneof thefirstcomprehensivecommunitysurveystoincluderefugees.TheGovernmentisnowalsodevelopingaFrequentMonitoringSystemtoinformpolicyplanningwithmoreupdatedinformation.TheNationalPlanningAuthorityhasfurtherissuedaguide-linetoincluderefugeesindistrictdevelopmentplanning.

The tradition of data generation has also been accompanied by sectoral analytical papers that have built theevidencebasefortheplanningandimplementationofprogrammesbystateandnon-stateactors.13 In order to ensurethatdatacanbemoreeasilydisseminatedfordecisionmaking,UgandaismakingeffortstorevitalizetheSDGmonitoringand reportingplatform.Thefive-yearPlans forNationalStatisticalDevelopment (PNSD)guidestatisticalplanning for theNationalStatisticalSystem(NSS).This frameworkalsoaccelerates thedevelopmentofNSSSDGstatisticsinlinewithglobalizationandinternationalguidelines.Theaimistodevelopanintegrated,coordinated,andcoherentNSSwhichensuresaharmonizedproductionprocessandhigh-qualitystatisticaloutputsontheSDGs.Itdrawstogetheralldata-producingMDAsandHLGs,plusdatausersandsuppliers.ThroughUBOS,theGovernmentcontinuestoreceivecomplementaryandcoordinationsupportfromdevelopmentpartners14 on the PNSDprogramme.Thishascreated,amongotherthings,harmonyinstatisticalthinking,planning,implementation,thedeterminationofstructures,andqualityassurancethroughinitiativessuchasthedeploymentofUBOSstaffinMDAsandtechnicalsupporttotheNSSfromdevelopmentpartners.

13 Seeforexample;UgandaBureauofStatistics(2018),Uganda Functional Difficulties Survey 2017,UBOSKampalaandothersurveythatfocusongender,governanceandvariousdimensionsofmarginalization.

14 UNWomen,DFID,WorldBank,EU,USAID,UNICEF,AfDB,UNECA,UNFPA,FAO,ILOandIMF


CHAPTER 4

PROGRESS MADE TOACHIEVE THE SDGS


4.1 GOAL 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE

Indicators Reported on:1.2.1Proportionofpopulationbelowthenationalpovertyline1.3.1Proportionofpopulationcoveredbysocialprotectionfloors/systems1.4.1Proportionofpopulationlivinginhouseholdswithaccesstobasicservices1.4.2Proportionoftitledland,percentcoverageoflandinformationsystem,proportionoflandtitlesissuedbytype(region,gender,andrural/urban,andpercentagechangeinthenumberoflandtitlesregistered(sex,regionandrural/urban)

1.5.1Numberofdeaths,missingpersons,anddirectlyaffectedpersonsattributedtodisastersper100,000people

Overthelastdecade,Ugandahasregisteredimpressivegainsinpovertyreduction,withanestimated31.2percentreductioninthenationalpovertyratebetween2006and2017.15Ruralpovertydeclinedfrom34.2percentto25.3percent,whilethepovertyrateinurbanareasfellmarginallyfrom13.7percentto9.3percentoverthesameperiod.Approximately79percentoftotalpovertyreductionbetween2006and2013wasinhouseholdsintheagriculturesector,mainlyonaccountoffavourablepricesandimprovementsinyieldandfarmproductivity.Favourablepricesreflectimprovementsinmarketefficiencythatresultedfromsoundpoliciesandprogrammes.Theseincludeinvest-mentsininfrastructure,growingdemandintheEastAfricaregion,post-warrecoveryeffortsinNorthernUganda,andurbanization,whichaccountedfor10percentofpovertyreductionduringthatperiod.16

However,owingtotheprolongeddroughtexperiencedinmostpartsofthecountryin2016,whiledecliningpovertyrateshasbeen theoverall trend, theproportionofpoorpeople increased from19.7percent in2012/13 to21.4percentin2016/17(representing8.03millionUgandansinpoverty).Moreover,thepovertyrateamongrefugeesismorethantwiceashighasforthehostcommunitiesand46%oftherefugeepopulationarepoor17.Thecountrycontinues toexperience frequentextremeweatherevents, , suchasheavyfloods in theEasternandWesternregions,which significantly erodegains fromgovernment investment in agriculture andother sectors aimedatimprovingthewelfareofthepopulation.18

ProgressinreducingpovertyhasbeenslowintheNorthernandEasternregions.Between2006and2013,theproportionofthecountry’spoorlivinginthoseregionswentupfrom68percentto84percent.However,between2013and2017,theEasternregionbegantotrailtheNorthernregion,inpartasaresultofgrowingsusceptibilitytoclimaticshocks.Whileoverall,theproportionofthepopulationlivinginpovertyisdeclining,theabsolutenumberofpeopleinpovertyisincreasing,largelyduetoincreasingpopulationgrowth.Between2013and2017,thenumberofpoorpeopleinbothruralandurbanareasgrewat4.5percentperannum,exceedingthepopulationgrowthrateof3.2percent.

Adding to themixedprogressonpoverty reduction is thegrowing levelof income inequality. Currently,over23million people,19 accounting for approximately 63 percent of the population, are vulnerable to poverty.20 Under currentcircumstances,thevulnerablepopulationisprojectedtoincreaseto30.6millionby2030.21

15 TheproportionoftheUgandanpopulationlivingbelowthenationalpovertylinedeclinedfrom31.1percentin2006to21.4percentin2017.

16 Ugandaalsomadenationaleffortstounderstandpovertybeyondincomepoverty,developingaNationalMultidimensionalPovertyIndexin2018/19.

17 WorldBank,InformingtheRefugeePolicyResponseinUganda,2019.18 InUganda, therefore, therearecloseandcritical linkagesbetweenSDG1andSDG13,amongotherclimate-related

SDGs.19 These include8.03millionpoorpeopleand15.35millionnon-poorbut insecurepeople.Source:UBOS(2017).UNHS

2016/17Report.20 EvidencefromUgandapanelsurveysshowsthatbetween2015/16and2018/19,8.5percentofthepopulationwaschron-

icallypoor,8.4percentwasliftedoutofpovertybut10.2percentfellintopoverty.21 Assumesthatthepercentageofthepopulationvulnerabletopovertywillcontinuetogrowattheannualgrowthrateof2.1

percentobservedbetween2013and2017.

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/571081569598919068/pdf/Informing-the-Refugee-Policy-Response-in-Uganda-Results-from-the-Uganda-Refugee-and-Host-Communities-2018-Household-Survey.pdf


FIGURE 1: PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Rent

ing

Owne

r occ

upied

Housing Energy For Lighting Energy For Cooking

Grid

Electr

icity

Dry C

ells

Solar

Biom

ass F

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Electr

icity

, Ke

rose

ne, G

as

Para

�n

(Can

ister

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72%

22% 22%28%

21%18%

94%

6%

FIGURE 2: ANNUALIZED GROWTH RATE IN THE NUMBER OF POOR PEOPLE

-0.8%

-3.8%-4.0%

-2.0%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

2013-2017

Annu

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d Gro

wth R

ate I

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Num

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f Poo

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Rural Urban Uganda

2006-2013 2006-2017

3.3% 3.3%3.8%

3.0%

4.5% 4.5%

2.4%

Therehavebeengeneralimprovementsinhousingconditions,acriticalfactorinpovertyreductionaspovertyismultidimensional.Householdsmaybedeprivedinareasotherthanincome,andhouseholdlivingconditionsandaccesstobasicservicesarekeyindicators.Theproportionofhouseholdsthatusedcanisterwicklampsforlightingdeclinedfrom66percentin2012/13to28percentin2016/17,largelyattributedtoincreasedaccesstoanduseofgridelectricity(22percent)andsolarenergy(18percent).Accesstosafewaterhasimprovedfrom68percentin2013 to78percent in2017,with thehighestcoverage inEastern region(89.9percent),comparedwith82.7percentinNorthern,76.6percentinCentral,and64.7percentinWesternregions.However,thecontinuedrelianceonbiomass(above90percentof thepopulation)asamainsourceofcookingenergy iscontinuing to threatenpublichealthandtheenvironmentandisindicativeofpersistentfinancialandresourceinaccessibilityofalternativeoptions.

Thesegenerallypositivetrends,especiallyinelectricityandwatersupplyservices,arelargelyattributedtosignifi-cantGovernmentinvestmentsinruralelectrificationandwatersupplyoverthelast15years.Forexample,achieve-mentsinwatersupplyhavehelpedtopreventthespreadwaterbornediseases,withsignificantimpactsonhealthcarecosts,economicproductivity,andhumanwelfare.

Inaddressing themanyvulnerabilities facedby thepopulation, theGovernment is increasingly recognizing theimportanceofinvestinginsocialprotectionprogrammes. Althoughstilllimited,oneempowermentprogrammehasexpandedsocialprotectionfor201,168olderpersons(21.62percent)agedover64yearsin61districts.Effortsareneededtocovertheentireeligiblepopulationof1.05millionolderpersonsacrossthecountry.InFY2019/2020,thespecialgrantforpersonswithdisabilitiesreceived5billionUGXtosupportthelivelihoodsofpersonswithdisabili-


ties,whiletheyouthlivelihoodprogrammesupportedtheestablishmentofcloseto12,000projects.In2019,7,000beneficiariesoftheseprogrammes(2.9percent)wereyoungpeoplewithdisabilities.However,theseprogrammes,combinedwiththeNorthernUgandaSocialActionFundforpost-warrecoveryprogramme,reachonly0.7percentofthepopulationandaccountfor0.16percentofGDP.Socialprotectionisalsolimitedformorethan90percentofthepopulationemployedintheinformalsector,whichoperatesoutsideofgovernmentregulation.Thiscallsforinvest-mentinincentivesfortheformalizationoftheeconomy,withemphasisonsocialprotectionschemesforemployees.

Populationgrowthisincreasingpressureonlandinruralareas,andmakingmorepeoplemorevulnerable.Unclearland rightsarealso contributing tounguidedurbanizationand thedegradationof natural resources.Cognizantofthesechallenges,governmentpoliciesonpovertyeradication,investment,infrastructuredevelopmentandthemodernizationofagriculturehaveelevatedlandownershipissuestothetopofthenationaldevelopmentagenda.Forinstance,improvementsinlandregistrationhaveresultedinto14.3percentagepointincreaseinthepopula-tionwithtitledlandfrom21.7percentin2016to36percentin2017.Therehasalsobeenprogressinfemalelandownershipfrom16percentin2010to39percentin2012.However,discriminatorypracticescontinuetoreinforcewomen’sdependenceonmeninsecuringlandrights,sincelegalprovisionsrequirelandtransactionstohavethewrittenconsentofthemalespouseandtheAreaLandCommittee.

To accelerate poverty reduction efforts and ensure that no one is left behind, Uganda will undertake severalmeasures,whichinclude,amongothers:

i) Targetedinvestmentinproductionandproductivityforpriorityfoodcommoditiestoreducevulnerabilitytoshocks.

ii) ImplementationoftheregionaldevelopmentprogrammeadoptedinNDPIIItoaddressregionaldisparities.

iii) Streamliningandbroadeningthescopeofsocialprotectionprogrammesbyprovidingdirectincomesupporttovulnerablehouseholds,especiallythoseheadedbychildrenandthosewithchildrenoradultswithdisabilities.

iv) Expandingaccesstoandqualityofbasicservicessuchaswater,electricityandhousing.

v) Strengtheningthecollection,disseminationandutilizationofdisaggregateddatatoensurethatNoOneisLeftBehind.


4.2 GOAL 2: END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND IMPROVED NUTRITION AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Indicators Reported on: 2.2.1Prevalenceofstunting(heightforage<-2standarddeviationfromthemedianoftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)ChildGrowthStandards)amongchildrenunder5yearsofage.

2.2.2Prevalenceofmalnutrition(weightforheight>+2or<-2standarddeviationfromthemedianoftheWHOChildGrowthStandards)amongchildrenunder5yearsofage,bytype(wastingandoverweight)

2.2.3Prevalenceofanaemiainwomenaged15-49years,bypregnancystatus(percentage)underthetarget2.2toendformsofmalnutritionby2030

2.a.1Theagricultureorientationindexforgovernmentexpenditures

ThepastdecadehasseenprogressinimprovingthenutritionalstatusofchildreninUganda.Theprevalenceofstuntingamongchildrenunderfivehasdeclinedfrom33percentin2011to29percentin2016,withthehighestprev-alenceamongchildreninruralareas(30percent)comparedwithurbanareas(24percent).Inabsolutenumbers,thepopulationof2.4millionstuntedchildrenisveryhigh,necessitatinginvestmentinnutritionsupportformalnour-ishedchildrenaswellintersectoralcollaborationsandpartnershipsfornutrition.

FIGURE 3: PROPORTION OF CHILDREN UNDER AGE 5 WHO ARE MALNOURISHED

UDHS 2001

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

UDHS 2006 UDHS 2011 UDHS 2016

5.0

6.0 5.0

3.0

4.0

11.014.0

16.018.0

38.0

45.0

33.0

29.0

5.0

Wasted OverweightStunted Underweight

Thecountryhasmaintaineditscommitmenttoaddresschronicandacutemalnutrition,whichismeasuredbytwoindicators:therateofwastinginchildrenunderfiveyearsold,andtheproportionofunderweightchildreninthesameagecategory.Wastingdeclinedfrom5percentin2011to4percentin2016,whiletheproportionofunder-weightchildrendroppedfrom14percentto11percentduringthesameperiod.

AccordingtotheUNHS2016/17,manyUgandansconsumeapoorlydiversifieddiet,withstaples(cereals,rootsandtubers)forming55percentofDietaryEnergyConsumption(DEC)comparedwith36percentfromnutsandpulses,animaltissue(meat,fishandeggs),milk,andsugarcombined.Nevertheless,therehasbeenanimprove-mentinthequalityofdiets,asreflectedinadietarydiversityscore(numberoffoodgroupsconsumedovertime)thatgrewfrom7.6in2009/10to8.2in2015/16.Overall,Uganda’sDECof2,226kcal/person/day(withfemale-headedhouseholds consuming slightlymore calories thanmale-headed households (2,241 and 2,220 kcal/person/dayrespectively))wasabovetheminimumrequiredintakeof2,200kcalperpersonperday.


However,significantregionaldisparitiesinmalnutritionpersistandfoodpovertyremainsabigchallenge.Overall,37percentofhouseholdsinUgandawerefoodpoorwiththehighestnumberofcasesrecordedinKaramoja(70percent)andBukedi(58percent),whileAnkole(14percent)hadthefewest.Ruralhouseholdswerenearlytwiceaslikelytobefoodpoorastheirurbancounterparts(40percentand26percentrespectively).

AlthoughrefugeesinUgandaaregivenlandandmobilityrights,foodsecurityremainsaseriousconcernwith7outof10refugeehouseholdsexperiencingseverefoodinsecurityin2018,comparedwith5outof10inthehostcommunity.22Accordingtothejointinter-agencyMultiSectorNeedsAssessment,70percentofrefugeesinUgandareportedaccesstoland,ofwhich89percentwereabletocultivatethankstoproductiveassetsandcashassis-tance.23LandisscarcefornewerrefugeesinWestNile,whereonly50percentofmorelong-termrefugeeshaveaccesstoland(comparedwith75percentinSouthWest).

BOX 4: BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL NUTRITION COORDINATION FRAMEWORKUganda’s National Nutrition Forum, chaired by the Prime Minister, is critical for nutrition programming and includes all key national and local nutrition stakeholders. The forum meets annually to review implementation of the nutrition policy and to provide policy advice and advocacy for nutrition. The Policy Coordination Committee (PCC) for Nutrition, also chaired by the Prime Minister and responsible for policy, is a sub-Cabinet committee composed of Cabinet Ministers and Chairpersons of Ministries, Departments and Agencies implementing nutrition interventions. The Implementation Coordination Steering Committee (ICSC) consists of Permanent Secretaries and Executive Directors of relevant MDAs and is chaired by the Permanent Secretary of the Office of the Prime Minister. This committee is responsible for technical oversight of policy implementation and technical direction. The Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Technical Coordination Committee (MSNTC) is chaired by Permanent Secretary Coordinates and is responsible for technical guidance for smooth implementation across ministries and sectors. At the sector level, nutrition coordination committees are chaired by respective Permanent Secretaries. These committees ensure joint planning and budgeting for nutrition activities within each sector, prepare quarterly monitoring reports for submission to the Multi-sectoral Nutrition Technical Committee within their area of responsibility. At district level, District Nutrition Coordination Committees are chaired by Chief Administrative Officers, with members from the technical planning committees of different departments.

Anaemiacausedbynutritionaldeficiencyremainsaseverepublichealthproblem,withthecountryexperiencingareversalintrendsin2011(Figure4).In2018/19,at6.9percent,anaemiawasrankedthethirdleadingcauseofdeathinhealthfacilitiesaftermalariaandpneumonia.24Duringthesameperiod,theconditionwasreportedasoneoftheleadingcausesofmaternaldeath.

FIGURE 4: PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AMONG WOMEN AGED 15–49 YEARS60

50

40

30

20

10

0UDHS 2006 UDHS 2011 UDHS 2016

49

23

32.9

22 WorldBank,InformingtheRefugeePolicyResponseinUganda,201923 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/6965524 AnnualHealthSectorPerformancereport(2018/19)


https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/69655


4.3 GOAL 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIVES AND PROMOTE WELL-BEING FOR ALL AT ALL AGES

Indicators Reported on: 3.1.1Maternalmortalityratio3.1.2Proportionofbirthsattendedbyskilledhealthpersonnel3.2.1Under-fivemortalityrate3.2.2Neonatalmortalityrate3.3.1NumberofnewHIVinfectionsper1,000uninfectedpopulation3.3.2Tuberculosisincidenceper100,000population3.3.3Malariaincidenceper1,000population3.3.4HepatitisBincidenceper100,000population3.4.1Mortalityrateattributedtocardiovasculardisease,cancer,diabetesorchronicrespiratorydiseaseandIndicator

3.4.2Suicidemortalityrate3.6.1Deathrateduetoroadtrafficinjuries3.7.2Adolescentbirthrate(aged10–14years;aged15–19years)per1,000womeninthatagegroup

3.9.2Mortalityrateattributedtounsafewater,unsafesanitationandlackofhygiene3.9.3Mortalityrateattributedtounintentionalpoisoning3.a.1 Age-standardizedprevalenceofcurrenttobaccouseamongpersonsaged15yearsandolder

3.b.1 Proportionofthetargetpopulationcoveredbyallvaccinesincludedintheirnationalprogramme

TheMaternalMortalityRatio,NeonatalMortalityRate, InfantMortalityRate,TotalFertilityRate,andAdolescentPregnancyRatearethefivehealthimpactindicatorsintheHealthSectorDevelopmentPlanthattrackthesector’scontribution towards Universal Health Care by providing essential health and related services needed for thepromotionofahealthyandproductivelife.NationallyrepresentativedataontheseindicatorsaremeasuredeveryfiveyearsusingUgandaDemographicHealthSurvey(UDHS)data.SomeofthisanalysisusesproxyadministrativedataandprogrammaticreportstoestimateprogresstowardsthegoalofUniversalHealthCare.25

Ugandahascontinuedtoregistergainsinseveralhealthindicators,owinginparttoincreasinginvestmentinhealthinfrastructure,humanresourcesandaccesstomedicalservices.TheMaternalMortalityRate declinedfrom438deathsper100,000in2011to336deathsin2016(Figure5),surpassingtheNDPI(2010/11–2014/15)targetof394.However,theestimatedannualrateofdeclineof5.2percentisbelowthe7.5percentestablishedintheHealthSectorDevelopmentPlan(2015/16–2019/20) astheraterequiredtoachievetheSDGtargetof140by2030.Signif-icanteffortisalsorequiredtomeettheNDPIIItargetof211by2025.26

25 TheMinistryofHealthadministrativedataonhealthindicatorsiscapturedintheDHIS2.26 DraftNDPIIIresultsframeworkasat20March2020


FIGURE 5: PREGNANCY-RELATED DEATH PER 100,000 LIVE BIRTHSFigure 5: Pregnancy-related death per 100,000 live births

418 438

336

1999-20060

100

200

300

400

500

2004-2011 2009-2016 NDP

Source: UDHS, 2016

Theleadingcausesofmaternaldeathsareobstetrichemorrhage,accountingfor46percent,hypertensivedisorders(11percent)andpuerperalsepsis(6percent).27

Improvingaccess tohigh-quality intrapartumcare is a key strategy toaddress the leading causesofmaternalmortality in Uganda.28 Between 2011 and 2016, the proportion of births attended by skilled health personnelincreasedfrom58percentto74percent.29However,delayinthemotherseekinghelp,lackoftransporttogettoahealthfacilityandthentoreferralwhenneeded,aswellaslackofbloodproducts,commodities,supplies,andabsenceofcriticalstaff,continuetoaffectthequalityofintrapartumcare.

FIGURE 6: TRENDS IN CHILDHOOD MORTALITY (1988-2016)Figure 6: Trends in Childhood Mortality (1988-2016)

9881 88

7154

43

8772 69

61

3822

177

147 151

128

90

64

0

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40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

UDHS 1988 UDHS 1995 UDHS 2000 UDHS 2006 UDHS 2011 UDHS 2016

Deat

hs Pe

r 1,00

0

Infant mortality Child mortality Under-5 mortality

Source: UDHS, 2016

Enhancement in thequalityofcarehasalsoresulted inadecline inUnderFiveMortality from90 to64deathsper1,000livebirths,andininfantmortalityfrom54to43per1,000livebirthsbetween2011and2016(Figure6).However,advancementintheseindicatorshasbeenaffectedbypovertyandregionaldisparities.Only44percentofmothersinthepooresthouseholdsreceiveattentionfromaskilledattendantatbirth,comparedwith88percentintherichesthouseholds,andonly9percentofnewbornsinruralareasreceivepostnatalcarewithin2daysofbirth,comparedwith21percentinurbanareas.30

27 HealthSectorAnnualPerformancereport,2018/1928 MoH(2018).Mid-termReviewReportfortheHealthSectorDevelopmentPlan2015/16-2019/20..29 UDHS,201630 UNICEF (2020).Maternal andNewbornHealthDisparities inUganda, Available at https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/

uploads/country_profiles/Uganda/countrypercent20profile_UGA.pdf

https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/country_profiles/Uganda/country%20profile_UGA.pdf

https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/country_profiles/Uganda/country%20profile_UGA.pdf


TheMinistry of Health and its partners have taken steps to implement disability prevention andmanagementinterventionsthroughroutine immunization,capacitybuilding,awarenessraising,assessmentandrehabilitation.AccordingtotheNCPD’sDisabilityStatusreport,2019,theMinistryofHealthdistributed300wheelchairsandotherassistivedevicestoPersonswithDisabilities.

BOX 5: BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE: SAVING MOTHERS, GIVING LIFE (SMGL) INITIATIVESMGL was a multi-partner/multi-stakeholder initiative implemented from 2012 to 2017 to improve maternal and perinatal health in high-mortality settings, especially in northern Uganda. Through district system strengthening, integrated services, and community engagement interventions, the initiative increased emergency obstetric care coverage and access, and led to demand for improved quality of care that resulted in rapid declines in district maternal and perinatal mortality. As the country races towards 2030, it is critical that such initiatives are scaled up.31

WhilethecountryhasmadecommendablestridesinreducingHIV/AIDSinfectionsfrom7.3percentin2011to6.0percentin2016amongadultsaged15-49years,theabsolutenumberofinfectionsisstillhighatapproximately1.3million. Infection ratesarehigheramongwomen thanmen,at8.3percentand6.1percent, respectively. Inaddressingthesechallenges,theGovernmentsteppedupeffortsinimprovingcoverageofAnti-RetroviralTreat-ment (ARV).Among pregnantwomen,ARVaccess increased from91 percent in 2011 to 94 percent in 2016.In2016, theGovernment launched theTestandTreatguidelines thatenabled immediate treatmentofpersonsaftertestingpositive.EmphasishasalsobeenonimplementationofcomprehensiveHIVpreventiveinterventions,includingreactivationoftheAbstinence,BehaviourChangeandCondomuse(ABC)campaign,safemalecircumci-sion,andacampaignagainstteenagepregnancy,amongothers.However,thehighburdenofnewinfectionseachyear,over30percentofwhichareamongyoungpeople,remainamajorchallengeforARVcoverage.YoungpeopledisplaytheleastviralsuppressionandaretheleastlikelytoadheretoARVguidance.Theriseintheburdenofotherdiseases,suchasmalariaandtuberculosis,alsopresentsachallenge(Figure7).

FIGURE 7: TRENDS IN INCIDENCES OF MALARIAL, TUBERCULOSIS AND HEPATITIS B PER 100,000Figure 7: Trends in incidences of Malarial, Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B per 100,000

Tuberculosis Malaria Hepatitis B

500

106

193

54.4

20162015 2017 2018 2019

178

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Incid

ence

Per 1

00,00

0 Pop

ulatio

n 382

433

162

1.2 1

182

242

308340

0.80.6

Source: UBOS, 2019

31 SeeSerbanescuF1etal(2019)Impact of the Saving Mothers, Giving Life Approach on Decreasing Maternal and Perinatal Deaths in Uganda and Zambia,GlobHealthSciencePractice2019Mar13;7(Suppl1)

Distribution of assistive devices to Persons with Disabilities in Bunyoro Sub Region


FIGURE 8: PATTERN OF DEATH DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTSFigure 8: Pattern of death due to road tra�c accidents

28

31

1816 16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Mor

talit

y Rat

e

Additionally,non-communicablediseasessuchascardiovascularillness,cancers,andchronicrespiratorycondi-tionsareemergingchallenges,reachingepidemiclevel.

RoadtrafficaccidentsareamajorthreattothehealthandsafetyofpeopleofUganda.Increasedroadinfrastruc-turehascontributedtoariseinroadfatalities,whichwentupfrom2,597in2015to3,503in2016,representinganincreaseof25.9percent.32Nationally,roadtrafficdeathsstandat53per100,000ofthepopulation(exceedingtheAfricanregionalaverageof18deathsper100,000),withfemalesmakingup7fatalitiesper100,000ofthepopu-lationandmales46per100,000.TheaccidentseverityindexforUgandais24peoplekilledper100roadtrafficcrashes.Onaverage,Ugandaloses10peopleperdayinroadtrafficcrashes,thehighestleveloffatalitiesinEastAfrica.

32 Analysisofannualtrafficandroadsafetyreports


4.4 GOAL 4: ENSURE INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE QUALITY EDUCATION AND PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL

Indicators Reported on: 4.1.1 Proportion of children and young people: (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex4.2.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sex4.a.1 Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)4.c.1 Proportion of teachers with the minimum required qualifications, by education level.

Ugandarecognizesthateducationiscrucialforbothbuildinghumanempowerment,anddeliveringeconomicprog-ress.Infact,NDPIIInotesthatacountrythatdoesnotinvestinitshumancapitalmortgagesitsfuture.Awell-edu-catedandenlightenedpopulationisnecessarytofacilitatesustainabledevelopmentthroughincreasedproduction,productivityandtechnologicalgrowth.Tothisend,thecurrentEducationandSportsSectorPlan(2017/18–2019/20)recognizesthecriticalroletheeducationandsportssectorhastoplayintherealizationofthenationaldevelopmentagenda,articulatedintheNDPIIIandVision2040.Investmentandinterventionsinthesectoraregearedtowardsimprovingaccesstoqualityeducation,trainingandsportsinordertocreateanadequatelyskilledlabourforceandachievethedemographicdividend.Togetherwithitsdevelopmentpartners,theMinistryofEducationandSportshasalsoputinplaceinterventionstosupporttheinclusionoflearnerswithdisabilitiesineducationatalllevels.

Inordertoimproveaccesstoeducation,GovernmentintroducedUniversalPrimaryEducation(UPE)in1997,33 and hassincemadeeffortstogreatlyexpandresourcesandphysicalinputsintheeducationsector.Progressismani-festedin,forexample:primaryeducationenrolment–whichtripledfrom2.8millionin1997to8.8millionin2018;areductionininequalitiesinaccesstoeducationrelatedtoincome,locationandgender;areductioninPupil/Class-roomRatiofrom87:1in2003to55:1in2018;anincreaseinqualifiedprimaryschoolteachersfrom185,548in2013to207,238in2018;improvementintheGrossEnrolmentRatio(GER)andNetEnrolmentRatio(NER)inPrimarySchoolsfrom117percentand93percentin2015/16to111percentand94percentin2017/2018,respectively.34

FIGURE 9: LEARNING OUTCOMES (PRIMARY 3 PUPILS)Figure 9: Learning outcomes (primary 3 pupils)

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

2014/15 2015/16 2018/19

Literacy Numeracy

33 Initially,thepolicyentailedfreeprimaryschooltuitiontofourchildrenperhousehold,butin2000itwasextendedtoincludeeveryUgandanchildthatneededtoenrolinschool.Todate,parentsandguardiansretaintheresponsibilityforprovidingexercisebooks,pens,uniformsandschoolmeals,amongotherthings.

34 MinistryofEducationandSports(2019)EducationandSportsSectorAnnualPerformanceReport(ESSAPR)FY2018/19


FIGURE 10: LEARNING OUTCOMES (PRIMARY 6 PUPILS)Figure 10: Learning outcomes (primary 6 pupils)

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

2014/15 2015/16 2018/19

Literacy Numeracy

Source: Ministry of Education and Sports (2019). Notes: Shows the proportion of pupils reaching the defined level of competency in literacy and numeracy

BuildingonUPE,theGovernmenthasextendedfreeaccesstosecondaryandpost-ordinaryleveleducationandtraining(USE/UPOLET).Asaresult,thenumberofsecondaryschoolshasincreasedby26percentfrom2,373in2007to3,000in2017,withmoregrowthregisteredintheprivatesector(34percent)overthesameperiod.Therewasanincreaseinsecondaryenrolmentfrom1.23millionin2009/10to1.37millionin2016/17;publicTechnicalVocationalEducationandTraining(TVET)institutionsincreasedfrom126in2012to152in2018;andenrolmentin formalTVETwentup from34,380 in2012 to95,841 in2018. In termsof tertiaryeducation,universitiesandotherdegree-awardinginstitutionsincreasedfrom34in2011to60in2017;anduniversityenrolmentwentupfrom139,683to162,299studentsoverthesameperiod.Theseeducationgainshaveledtoanoverallincreaseinthecountry’sliteracyratefrom70percentin2012/13to74percentin2016/17,andaverageyearsofschoolingfrom4.7to6.1inoverthesameperiod.

However, several challenges remain. These include: inadequate access to and poor quality of education; lowaccesstoandpoorqualityofEarlyChildhoodCareandEducation;poorqualityandefficiencyofprimaryeducation;andlimitedsystemiccapacityintheeducationsector.Additionally,bringingaboutbehaviouralchange,withinthepublicsectorandamongthegeneralpopulation,remainsadauntingchallenge.Regardlessoffundinglevels,stan-dardsareunlikelytoriseunlesspublicoversightmechanismsarestrengthened.Compliancewithservicedeliverystandardsmustimprove,aswellascoordinationwithnon‐stateactorssuchastheprivatesector,CSOs,themedia,developmentpartnersandacademia.

Thepoorqualityofeducationmanifests itselfatanearlystageofchildhooddevelopment,asevidencedby lowliteracyrates (49.9percentatP.3,and53.1percentatP.6), lownumeracyrates (55.2percentatP.3,and50.9percentatP.6)andlowprimaryschoolcompletionratesat38percentin2018,owinginpart,tohighdrop-outrates(Figures9and10).


There is no major difference in literacy and numeracy between boys and girls in primary education (Figures 11 and 12).

FIGURE 11: PERCENTAGE OF P3 LEARNERS RATED PROFICIENT IN LITERACY AND NUMERACY, BY GENDER

Boys Girls

47%

54%

53%

56%

42%

44%

46%

48%

50%

52%

54%

56%

58%

Literacy Numeracy

FIGURE 12: PERCENTAGE OF P6 LEARNERS RATED PROFICIENT IN LITERACY AND NUMERACY, BY GENDER

Boys Girls

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Literacy Numeracy

53%56%

54%

46%

Otherstudies(UwezoAssessments,2019)indicatethat,whilesmallminoritiesofchildrenhavealreadyachievedbasicliteracyandnumeracyskillsattheageof6or7,bytheageof14,onlyaminorityofchildrenhaveachievedP2readingcompetence(about40percentinEnglishand34percentinalocallanguage).Thegeneraltrendofchil-dren’sdelayedprogressionthroughprimarygradespersists(Figure10).Bythetimechildrenreachtheagesof12and13,onlysmallproportionshavereachedPrimary7orSenior1.FromPrimary2onwards,over-ageenrolmentdominatesthesystem.

Literacyandnumeracychallengesareexacerbatedbyamongotherthings:insufficientinfrastructureandlearningmaterials;weakschoolmanagement;limitedteachercapacity;absenceofschoolfeeding;limitedparental/commu-nityparticipation; lowfinancing;poorassessmentmethodsandweakcompliancewithsetservicedeliverystan-dards. AtthelowersecondaryandTVETlevels,challengesstillexist,including:lowGER(25percent)andNER(22percent);poorlearningoutcomesinsciencesubjectsduetofewscienceteachers,laboratoriesandinstructionmaterials;lowsecondarycompletionrates(Senior4)–34.8percentin2017(36.2percentboysand33.5percentgirls)andteenagepregnancies;earlymarriages;lackoffees;andgenderdisparitiesinenrolmentinfavourofboysatsecondary(GenderParityIndex(GPI)of0.88).TVETischaracterizedbylowenrolmentcomparedwithuniversity,mainlyduetothenegativeimageassociatedwithTVET;alowGPIof0.61;arigidsupply-drivencurriculum;weaklinkageswithindustry;unsustainablefinancing;limitedinternationalizationofTVETawards;weakqualityassurancesystems;andfragmentationofmandateswithintheTVETsystem,amongotherthings.


Governmentremainscommittedtoenhancingaccesstoandqualityofeducation.TheCapitationandSchoolFacili-tiesGrantswererecentlyincreasedtoensurebettereffectivenessoftheUPEandUSE/UPOLETprogrammes,andanadditional293primaryschoolsareunderconstructionacrossthecountry.Governmentinvestmentinelectricityandwatersupplyhas increasedtheproportionofschoolswithaccesstobasicservices(Figure13).Ninety-fivepercentofteachersintheprimaryschoolsub-sectorhavetheminimumrequiredqualifications,thankstonumerouspolicy reformsaimedat improving thequalityofTeacherEducation.Someof these include: introductionof theTeacherDevelopmentandManagementSystem (TDMS);phasingoutofGrade II teachers; the introductionofon-sitetrainingprogrammes;theteachers’schemeofservice;therevisionoftheentryrequirementsintoprimaryteaching;andthereviewofqualificationsfortutoringatPrimaryTrainingColleges.35

FIGURE 13: PROPORTION OF SCHOOLS WITH ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES

87.5%93.5% 90.0%

95.5%

40.9%

40.9%

PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY

BASIC DRINKING WATER SINGLE SEX SANITATION FACILITIES HAND WASHING FACILITIES

Despitechallenges,Ugandaissteadfastinitscommitmenttoimprovingearlychildhoodeducation.IthasdevelopedtheNationalIntegratedEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentPolicyandActionPlantoensureintegratedservicesforchil-drenfromconceptionto8yearsofage,coveringhealth,nutrition,education,protection,waterandsanitationandparentingsupportservices.Itrepresentsoneofthemostcost-effectivewaysforUgandatoachievemoresustain-ablesocio-economicgrowthinthefuture.Additionally,theNationalCurriculumDevelopmentCentrehasdevelopedtheLearningFrameworkforEarlyChildhoodandaCaregiversGuidetohelpimproveEarlyChildhoodEducation.36 ProvisionofPre-primaryeducationisguidedbythe2008Education(pre-primary,primaryandpost-primary)ActandtherecentNationalIntegratedSchoolEnrolmentandEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentPolicyofUganda,introducedbytheMoGLSD.AccordingtotheEducationSurveyreport2017,28percent(approximately1millioninabsolutenumbers)wereenrolledinpre-primaryschool.Pre-primaryenrolmentwashigherinurbanareas(42percent)thaninruralareas(24percent),andratesweresimilarformalesandfemales.Theproportionofthechildpopulationaged3–5yearsenrolledinschoolwashighinKampalasub-region(49percent)andlowestinKaramojasub-region.Earlychildhoodenrolment canbesignificantly enhanced ifCommunity-basedEarlyChildhoodDevelopment centres,normallymanagedbyuntrainedvolunteers,aresupportedintermsofstatefunding,theprovisionofequipmentandlearningaids,andbasicservicessuchascleanwaterandtoiletfacilities.Asacountry,Ugandaiscommittedtoimprovingaccesstoandthequalityofearlychildhoodeducation.Severalbestpracticemodelsarebeingrolledoutacrossthecountrywithpartnerstoensurethatchildrenages0–8yearsareprovidedwithnurtureandrelevantandqualitylearningopportunitiesatcoststheGovernment,familiesandcommunitiescanafford.

35 NPA(2018).ComprehensiveEvaluationofUniversalPrimaryEducation(UPE)Policy:ThematicReport 3.

36 Ibid,p.42


BOX 6: EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, THE MADRASA STORYThe Madrasa Early Childhood Programme Uganda (MECPU) is an initiative established by the Aga Khan Foundation in 1993. It focuses on the holistic development of the child by fostering rich learning environments that support girls and boys through their formative years. Through its Parenting Programme, working with village health teams and through pre-school teachers, MECPU has trained 20,000 parents on the importance of holistic childhood development, nurturing care and healthy child-rearing practices. In addition, through its School Readiness Programme, MECP has supported children aged 3–5 years and has worked with over 145 communities to set up quality ECD centres and train frontline workers, such as caregivers, teachers and health workers to deliver quality and sustainable ECD services to children. More than 433,000 children have benefited to date. MECPU children are able to learn in classrooms filled with a variety of locally-sourced materials (e.g. sticks, leaves, stones, soda cans, bottle caps, empty containers) or those made using local materials (e.g. dolls, toy cars, puppets, building blocks, books), which are organized into learning corner.

Availableevidenceontheproportionofchildrenunder5yearsofagewhoaredevelopmentallyontrackinlearningandpsychosocialwell-being,bysexindicatedthat63.3percentofyoungchildrenaged36–59monthslivingwiththeirmotheraredevelopmentallyontrackaccordingtotheEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentIndex.Ninety-onepercent ofchildrenareontrackinthephysicaldevelopmentdomain,86percentinthelearningdomain,68percentinthesocial-emotionaldomain,andonly26percent in the literacy-numeracydomain.According theUDHS2016, theproportionofchildrenwhoaredevelopmentallyontrackishighestinAnkole(84percent)andSouthCentral(82percent)regions.TheproportionislowestinLango(42percent),Teso(42percent),andKaramoja(43percent).Childrenwhoareattendingearlychildhoodeducationaremorelikelytobedevelopmentallyontrack(82percent)thanthosewhoarenotattending(53percent).

WhileUgandahaspromotedUniversalPrimaryEducation,we recognize thatwecannot reacheveryoneusingoneapproach.Theparticipationofyoungpeopleandadultsinformalandnon-formaleducationandtrainingiscrit-icaltomitigatingUganda’seducationchallenges.Non-FormalEducation(NFE)ispursuedtofulfiltheeducationalneedsofpeoplewhoarenotintheregulareducationsystembyusingtailor-madeapproachestocoverliteracy,lifeskills,continuingeducation,equityeducation,andincomegeneration.ThemajoractivitiesimplementedundertheNFEprogrammeareabasic literacy campaign, continuingeducation, community learning centres, equiva-lencyprogrammes,andnon-formalprimaryeducation.Currently,18percentofschool-agedchildrenareoutofschool.With7millionadultsbeingilliterate,andseveralnotbeingfunctionallyliterate,thevisionofbasiceduca-tionforallagegroupsisnotyetareality.Ugandaisthereforerollingoutinformaleducationthatfocusesonthosewhodidnotreceiveformaleducation.The informalsystemtargetsyoungadultsand/ordropoutsanddisadvan-tagedchildren.Underthissystem,arangeofpractical/hands-onskillsareimpartedtothosewhohavenotgone


throughoronlypartiallygonethroughtheformaleducationsystem.TheAlternativeBasicEducationforKaramoja(ABEK)programmeisanexampleofinformaleducationthatprovidesbasiceducationaboutlivestock,cropproduc-tion,peaceandsecurity,humanhealth,andotherrelevantskillsandknowledgetochildrenandyoungpeopleinKaramoja.TheFunctionalAdultLiteracy(FAL)programmeundertheMoGLSDisanotherinitiativethattargetsolderpeopleacrossthecountrywhodidnotgetanopportunitytogothroughtheformaleducationprocess.

FIGURE 14: PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN WHO ARE DEVELOPMENTALLY ON TRACK FOR INDICATED DOMAINSFigure 14: Percentage of children who are developmentally on track for indicated domains

28.4%24.2%

90.1% 92.1%

69.2%66.0%

85.6% 86.6%

Female

LITERACY PHYSICAL SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL LEARNING

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male

Marginalizedpeople,particularlythosewhoareunwillingorunabletoseekouteducationofanysortthemselves,areslippingthroughthecracks.Insuchcases,educationmustbetakentothestreetstoseeksuchpeopleout.37 Thisisbeingdoneacrosstheworldwithmobileschools,whichcanbewheeledaround,engagingpeoplewhoarelivingorworkingonthestreetwithfunandcreativelessons.38Theyprovideaneducationinbasiclifeskillssuchasnumeracyandliteracy,butalsoinhealth,entrepreneurshipandlanguagefluency,andcanbetailoredtomeetindi-vidualneeds.SomeNGOs39aretestingsuchinnovationstogreateffectinKampala,wherethereisahighnumberofextremelyvulnerableyoungpeoplewhoarenotattendingstationary,non-formaleducationprogrammes.

37 Thisideaistriedoutbyhttps://www.kidsclubkampala.org/38 Ibid,https://www.kidsclubkampala.org/39 See https://www.kidsclubkampala.org/blog/non-formal-educationforaninnovativeexample

https://www.kidsclubkampala.org/

https://www.kidsclubkampala.org/

https://www.kidsclubkampala.org/blog/non-formal-education


4.5 GOAL 5: ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS

Indicators Reported on: 5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual, or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20–24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 185.3.2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15–49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age 5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location.5.5.5 Proportion of seats held by (a) women in national parliaments and (b) local governments5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15–49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex

Beingfreeofdiscriminationisnotonlyeverywomanandgirl’sbasichumanright,itiscrucialforacountry’sdevel-opmentandsustainablefuture.Itisproventhatempoweringwomenandgirlshelpseconomicgrowthanddevelop-ment.Providingwomenandgirlswithequalaccesstoeducation,healthcare,decentwork,andrepresentationinpoliticalandeconomicdecision-makingprocessesaswellaseliminationofviolenceandharmfulpracticesnotonlyfuelssustainableeconomiesbutalsobenefitssocietiesandhumanityatlarge.

Byearly2000,longbeforethe2030Agenda,Ugandahadestablishedpoliciesandlegislationtoadvancegenderequalityandwomenempowerement.Forinstance,Article33(6)ofthe1995Constitution“prohibitslaws,customsortraditionswhichareagainstthedignity,welfare,orinterestofwomen”.Inaddition,Governmenthasenactedseveralgood and well-articulated gender-sensitive laws and policies, prominent ones being the Prohibition of FemaleGenitalMutilationAct2010,theDomesticViolenceAct2010,andthePreventionofTraffickinginPersonsAct2009.TheNationalGenderPolicyisalsoinplacetoguidegendermainstreaminginthedifferentsectorsofgovernmentandtheNationalPolicyandactionplanoneliminationofGBV2016.SeveralMinistries,DepartmentsandAgencies(MDAs)havegenderpoliciestoguidegendermainstreamingintheirwork.

TheexistenceofgenderequalitypoliciesandlawshasincreasedopportunitiesforwomenandgirlsinUganda.To date,morefemalesareindecision-makingpositions,andparticipateinthelabourmarket,albeitwithsomeregionaldisparities,andwithwomensystematicallydeniedthesameworkrightsasmen.Sexualviolenceandexploitation,theunequaldivisionofunpaidcareanddomesticwork,anddiscriminationinpublicofficeremainhugebarriers.Climatechangeanddisastersalsocontinuetohaveadisproportionateimpactonwomenandchildren.

Theexistenceofgenderequalitypoliciesandlawshasincreasedopportunitiesforwomenandgirls inUganda.Womenlegislatorsaccountfor34.7%in2016against30%quotaprovidedfor intheconstitution.Todate,morefemalesareindecision-makingpositionsandschools,andparticipateinthelabourmarket,albeitwithsomeregionaldisparitiesandwomensystematicallydeniedthesameworkrightsasmen.Highratesofgender-basedviolence–,physicalviolence56%,sexualviolence(22%)andhighlevelsofsocialtoleranceat49%and41%bywomenandmenrespectively(UDHS2016includingsexualharassmentintheworkplaceandpublicspace,unequaldivisionofunpaidcareanddomesticwork,anddiscriminationinpublicofficeremainsignificantbarrierstogenderequalityinUganda.Shocks,climatechangeanddisasterscontinuetohaveadisproportionateeffectonwomenandchildren.

Toenhanceaccountabilityforgenderresponsivebudgetinginthenationalplanningandappropriationprocess,anyMDAseekingappropriationofthenationalbudgetmustfirstbeissuedaGenderandEquityComplianceCertificate.Thisrequirestheproposedbudgettomeetminimumrequirementsofgenderandequitybudgetingandscoreat


least50percentintheassessment.ThecertificateisissuedtoMinistryofFinance,PlanningandEconomicDevel-opment(MoFPED),upontheadviceoftheEqualOpportunitiesCommission(EOC),whichundertakestheassess-ment.Thenationalbudgetcircularalsoincludesprovisionsongender,whichhaveinfluencedLocalGovernmentstobegintomainstreamgenderintheirplansandbudgets.AccordingtoEOC,theoverallcomplianceoftheNationalBudgetFrameworkPaperwithGenderandEquityrequirementsfortheFY2019/2020-2023/2024improvedto61percentwhileDLGsstandsat42%.However, there isnodataonactualexpendituresbysectorsandMDAsongenderandequity.

Despitesomeadvances,Ugandahasforthelasttwoyearsnotperformedwellonmostgendergapindices.Between2018and2020,itsrankingslidfromthe32ndpositionto35thin2020,withamajordeclineregisteredoneconomicempowermentindex(Table1).

TABLE 1: UGANDA GLOBAL GENDER GAP INDEX REPORT RANKINGS

PARAMETER 2018 2020GlobalIndex 43rd 65th

Economicempowerment 55th 82nd

EducationAttainment 126th 129th

Health&survival Amongthe1st Amongthe1st

Politicalempowerment 32nd 35th

Source: World Economic Forum, 2020

WhileUganda hasmade commendable effort in establishing national laws, policies, and strategies on genderequality.Mostoftheseprovideforissuesthataffectwomen,suchasaffirmativeaction,maternity/paternityleave,women’srights,andgender-basedviolence(Table2).However,manyotherlawsthathavegenderimplications,suchastheEducationActandthePreventionofTraffickinginPersonsAct,arelargelygenderblind.

TABLE 2: UGANDA’S GENDER EQUALITY -SPECIFIC NATIONAL LAWS AND POLICIES

NATIONAL LAW GENDER FOCUSThe Domestic Violence Act (2010) Domestic violence preventionThe Prohibition of female Genital Mutilation (2010) FGM preventionThe Public Finance Management Act (2015) Fiscal and Macroeconomic managementSexual Offenses Bill 2019 SGBV preventionSuccession (Amendment) Act (2018) Succession managementThe Employment (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Sexual harassment in the workplace Marriage Bill 2007 Marriage and sharing of propertyNational GBV Policy Elimination of GBVNational Male Engagement Strategy 2017, Male involvementPrevention of Trafficking in Persons Act (2009) Human trafficking preventionThe National Women’s Council Act (1993, amended 2010) Women’s empowermentEqual Opportunities Commission Act Equal opportunities for all

Source: Democratic Governance Facility (DGF), 2019

Althoughsteadilydeclining,ViolenceagainstwomenandgirlsremainsrampantinUganda.LifetimeprevalenceofexperiencinganyformofGBVinUgandaisestimatedat51percent40AccordingtotheUDHS2016,theproportionofwomenaged15-49whohaveeverexperiencedphysical,sexual,oremotionalviolencebytheircurrentormostrecenthusband/partnerdeclinedslightlyfrom60%in2011to56%in2016,whilethosewhoexperiencedspousalviolenceinthe12monthsbeforethesurveyalsodeclinedslightly,from43%in2011to39%in2016.

40 TheGlobalGenderGapReport(2017)


withnearlytwoineveryfive(39.6percent)experiencingspousalviolenceinthepreceding12months–upfrom15.4percentin2011.

Thepercentageofwomenwhohaveexperiencedphysicalviolencesinceage15declinedfrom60%in2006to56%in2011and51%in2016.Similarly,women’sexperienceofphysicalviolenceinthe12monthsprecedingthesurveydeclinedfrom34%in2006to27%in2011andthento22%in2016.

Sexualviolencealso remainshigh–one ineveryfive (22percent)ofwomen (15–49years)haveexperiencedsexualviolenceinherlifetime,downfrom28%in2011with13% experiencing sexual violence in the preceding 12 months.4135%ofgirlsexperiencesexualviolenceand59%experiencephysicalviolenceduringchildhood.42 Theproportionofwomenandmenwhoagreewithoneormorejustificationsforwifebeatinghasdeclinedsteadilyovertimefrom77%ofwomenand64%ofmenin2000-01,to70%ofwomenand60%ofmenin2006,to58%ofwomenand44%ofmenin2011,andto49%ofwomenand41%ofmenin2016.

TABLE 3: GBV PREVALENCE STATISTICS IN UGANDA IN PRECEDING 12 MONTHS

CATEGORY SEXUAL VIOLENCE (%)

PHYSICAL VIOLENCE (%)

SEXUAL VIOLENCE BY SPOUSE/

PARTNER (%)

PHYSICAL VIOLENCE

BY SPOUSE/ PARTNER (%)

EMOTIONAL VIOLENCE

BY SPOUSE/ PARTNER (%)

AGE GROUP15 – 19 5.3 22.7 16.8 23.5 24.820 – 24 13.9 22 18.7 25.4 31.025 – 29 15.8 22.5 17.5 22.9 31.130 – 39 16.2 22.7 16.7 22.3 30.440 – 49 13.2 19.4 13.4 19.2 25.5RESIDENCEUrban 8.5 16.0 12.3 17.3 224.4Rural 14.2 24.1 18.0 24.4 30.8Total 12.7 22.0 16.6 22.5 29.3

Source: MoGLSD GBV Database, 2020

Inthepast10years,globaleffortshaveledtothepreventionof25millionchildmarriagesworldwide,butmorethan120millionmoregirlswillmarrybeforetheir18thbirthdayby2030ifprogressisnotaccelerated.43 Uganda hasthereforemadeeffortstoscaleupprogrammesandpoliciestoprotectchildrenandrecognizeschildmarriage(marriagebeforetheageof18)asahumanrightsviolation.Itoftenresultsinearlypregnancyandsocialisolation,interruptsschooling,limitsthegirl’sopportunitiesandincreasesherriskofexperiencingdomesticviolence.Itcanalsoleadtoalifetimeofsuffering,withstudiesshowingthatgirlswhomarrybeforetheyturn18arelesslikelytoremaininschool,andmorelikelytoexperiencedomesticviolence.Youngteenagegirlsarealsomorelikelytodieduetocomplicationsinpregnancyandchildbirththanwomenintheir20s,andtheirchildrenaremorelikelytobestillbornordieinthefirstmonthoflife.Endingchildmarriagetodaycouldgenerate$3billionperyearforUgandaby2030.Today,ifwomenwhohadmarriedasgirlshadbeenabletodelaytheirmarriage,theirannualearningscouldhavebeenhigherbyanestimatedat$500million.(WorldBank10thUgandaEconomicUpdate,Dec.2017).

Despitelawsagainstchildmarriage,itremainswidespreadinUganda,Theproportionofwomenaged20–24yearswhoweremarriedorinaunionbeforetheageof15hasreducedbylessthan3percent,from10percentin2011to7.3percentin2016.Thosemarriedorinaunionbeforetheageof18yearsalsoreducedslightly,from40percentto34percent,overthesameperiod(Table4)

41 UDHS,201642 UBOS,ViolenceAgainstChildrenSurvey(2018)43 UNICEF(2019)


TABLE 4: PREVALENCE OF CHILD MARRIAGE IN UGANDA

CATEGORY 2011 (%) 2016 (%)Before age 15 10.0 7.3Before age 18 40.0 34.0

Source: MoGLSD GBV Database, 2020

Toaddresschildabuse(includingchildmarriages), in2015,Uganda launchedaNationalStrategytoendChildMarriage andTeenagePregnancy.Uganda established a toll-freeUganda (National)ChildHelpline (UCHL) toaddressthereportingandtrackingofchildabusecases,thishasrecentlybeenexpandedtoalsoincludeGBV.Theoutcomewasatotal200,185callsreceivedin2018/19alone,ofwhich107,871(98.8percent)wereresolvedandclosed.Theseincluded2percentchildmarriagecases.In2018,theMinistryofEducationrevisedtheguidelinesonschoolretentionandre-entryallowingpregnantgirlsatleastoneyearofmaternityleave.Someschoolheadshavenowembracedthispolicy.

TABLE 5: FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION PREVALENCE BY AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP 2011 (%) 2016 (%)15 – 19 1.0 0.120 – 24 1.0 0.325 – 29 2.0 0.230 – 34 2.0 0.435 – 39 1.0 0.540 – 44 2.0 0.7745 – 49 2.0 0.4TOTAL 1.4 0.3

Source: UBOS, UDHS 2016

Ugandarecognizes thatwomenare responsible formostof thecountry’sunpaiddomesticandcarework.Thismeansthat,intotal,theyareworkinglongerhoursthanmen.Ugandaalsorecognizesthatanunfairworkloadkeepswomeninpovertythroughgenerations.Therightpolicyandpracticeinterventionsareneededtoenablewomentoreachtheirfulleconomicpotentialandcontributetotransformingtheeconomythroughinitiativesandpoliciesthatrecognize,redistributeandreducetheimpactofunpaidcareworkonwomen.

It is estimated that only 22.4 percent of women in Uganda have opportunities inmodern waged employmentcomparedwith36.6percentofmenandthatmorewomen(17percent)engageinfamilyworkthanmen(11percent)(UNHS,2016/17).Inaddition,womenearnsignificantlylessthanmen,withthemedianmonthlywageforwomenexactlyhalfthatofmen(UGX110,000comparedwithUGX220,000)(UNHS,2016/17).Unpaiddomesticandcarework ispredominantlycarriedoutbywomenandgirls. If thesedimensionsarenotdistributedequallybetweenwomenandmenwithinandoutsidethehousehold,theheavyburdenofcareworkwillcontinuetonegativelyaffect,amongotherthings,womenandgirls’employmentandearnings,leisuretime,participationindevelopmentinitia-tivesandsleep.Accordingtoa2018reportbyUBOS/UNWomen/,44menspendmoretime(5.3hours)thenwomen(3.4hours)onproductivework,whilewomenspendmoretime(6.6hours)thanmen(5.1hours)onunpaidwork.

TABLE 6: AVERAGE TIME SPENT ON UNPAID DOMESTIC AND CARE WORK

SEX URBAN (HRS) RURAL (HRS) TOTAL (HRS)Female 6.5 6.7 7Male 4.7 5.4 5

44 GenderRolesAndTheCareEconomyInUgandanHouseholds–TheCaseOfKaabong,KabaleandKampalaDistricts–EconomicPolicyResearchCentre(EPRC),2017


InUganda,careworkisnotaddressedexplicitlyinpolicyorserviceprovision.ThepassingoftheEarlyChildDevel-opmentPolicy(March2016)andtheSocialProtectionPolicy(November2015)isastepintherightdirectioninreducingtheburdenofunpaidcarework.Overall,13.3percentofthecountry’spopulationspendstimeonnonpro-ductivework.45TheGovernmenthasthereforemadeinterventions,suchas:theprovisionofaffordablechildcarefacilities,tosignificantlyreducethenumberofhoursspentonchildcare,allowingwomentoparticipatemoreinpaidworkactivities;investinginaffordabletechnology,includingwaterharvestingreservoirs/damstoimproveaccesstowaterforfamilyuse;women’sempowermentandfinancialsupportprogrammestoenablewomentostartupsmallbusinessortradingactivities;andenergy-efficientstovestoreducetheamountoftimewomenandgirlsspendonfuelcollection,foodpreparationandcleaning.

TheGovernmenthassetuppoliciesandprogrammestoensurewomen’sfullandeffectiveparticipationandequalleadershipopportunitiesinpolitical,economic,andpubliclife.By2015,theproportionofwomeninParliamenthasrisenovertheyearsfrom1womanlegislatoroutof126in1980,to18%in2000,35%inthe2011and34.7%in2016. It is important tonotehowever thatof the152womenin the10thParliament,19weredirectlyelectedcomparedto12inthe9thParliament.Whiletheprogressisveryslow,itisinthepositivedirection.AtthelocalGovernment level, representationofwomen isat45.7%ofalldistrictcouncilsalbeitwith1%ofdistrictcouncilsbeing ledbywomenChairpersons.Majorityof thewomencouncillors to thedistrictcouncilshavebeenelectedonaffirmativeactionseatswith1.6%electedondirectseatsatdistrictlevel,2%atmunicipalityleveland8%atsubcounty level.While representationatbothNationalandLocal level isabove the30%quotaprovided in theconstitution,thenumberofwomenelectedoncontestedseatsremainsverylowovertheyears,demonstratingthedeeprootedculturalandtraditionalprejudicesthatcontinuetorejectwomenasequalandrightfulleaders.

This level isattributableto the introductionofmandatory femaledistrictMPpositions.Unfortunately,communityperceptionsthatpoliticalofficesarethereserveofmenhavecontinuedtohinderwomen’sparticipationinelectedoffices. Inaddition,non-mandatorydirectrepresentation, forexampleaschairpersonsondistrict,municipalandSubCountycouncils,accountsforthelowrepresentationofwomeninthosepositions.

TABLE 7: WOMEN’S REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT AND LG STRUCTURES SECTOR 2007(%) 2011(%) 2017(%)National Parliament 39 38 51Local Government (LC 5) 1 2 2

Source: Parliament of Uganda (2018).

Inthelastdecade,Ugandahasmadestridesinimprovingaccesstosexualandreproductivehealthservices.There is,however,adeclineintheproportionofwomenaged15–49yearsmakingtheirowninformeddecisionsregardingsexualrelations,contraceptiveuseandreproductivehealthcare,downfrom60percentin2011to58.5percentin2016.

Ugandahasalsocontinuedtoundertakereformstogivewomenequalrightstoeconomicresources,aswellasaccesstoownershipandcontroloverlandandotherformsofproperty,financialservices,inheritance,andnaturalresources, in accordancewith national laws.Secure tenure rights andwomen’s control over landwould boostproductivity, ruraldevelopmentandfoodsecurity.Althoughwomenmakeupa largerpercentageofagricultural-ists, theyhave limitedand inadequateaccess tosecureproperty rights,especially land (FAO-UN;GenderandLandStatistics).Only26.7percentofwomenownlandontheirowncomparedwith33.5percentofmen(UNHS,2016/17).Culturalbeliefsandpracticescontinuetohinderaccesstoproductiveassetsforwomen.AUNDPstudyin2015revealedthat60percentofthepopulationinUgandathinksthatlandparcelsshouldbetheresponsibilityofmen,andalmostoneinthreeUgandansbelievesthatwomenshouldnothavethesameaccesstolandasmen.

Onaverage,40percentofUganda’sadultpopulationisinagriculture,withsecureownershiporsecurerightsoverthelandtheyfarm(49percent,men,31percentwomen).Theproportionoftotalagriculturalpopulationwithowner-shiporsecurerightsoveragriculturalland(alltypes)stoodat41percentin2018,with40percentofthelandunderfreehold,37percentundermailotenure,and41percentundercustomaryownership,while35.5waspublicland.46

45 Self-careandmaintenanceincludessleeping,eating&drinking,personalhygiene&care,receivingpersonalhealthcareandtravelsrelatedtoself-care&maintenance

46 UBOS/MoLHUD(2018)


FIGURE 15: PROPORTION OF POPULATION (18+) IN AGRICULTURE WITH OWNERSHIP OR SECURE RIGHTS OVER THE LAND

Figure 15: Proportion of population (18+) in Agriculture with ownership or secure rights over the lands

49%

31%

40%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Men Women Uganda

Withthegrowingtideofthefourthindustrialrevolution,Ugandahasexperiencedrobustgrowthinthetelecommu-nicationsindustryandhasenhancedadoptionanduseofinformationandcommunicationstechnology,topromotetheempowermentofwomen.By2018,55.7percentofUgandansownedamobiletelephone,withownershiphigherformenat65.8percentthanforwomenat45.5percent(UNHS,2016/17).Uganda foresees great potential in this areaasitwilldriveservicedeliveryandexpansionoftheeconomyeveninthepost-COVIDpandemicera.Thiswillbeespeciallyrelevantintheareasofproductionandtrade,andwillinturnimproveefficiencyinperformanceacrossallsectors.Inlightofdigitaltransformationchallenges,UgandahasdevelopedtheNationalDigitalVisionandstrengtheneditsinstitutionstominimizetheexclusionthatcouldfacesegmentsofthepopulation,particularlythevulnerableandmarginalized.


4.6 GOAL 6: ENSURE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL

IndicatorsReportedon:

6.1.1Proportionofpopulationusingsafelymanageddrinkingwater6.2.1Proportionofpopulationusingsafelymanagedsanitationservices,includingahand-washingfacilitywithsoapandwater

6.4.2Levelofwaterstress:freshwaterwithdrawalasaproportionofavailablefreshwaterresources

6.5.1Degreeofintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementimplementation(0–100)6.6.1Changeintheextentofwater-relatedecosystemsovertime6.a.1Amountofwater-andsanitation-relatedofficialdevelopmentassistancethatispartofagovernment-coordinatedspendingplan

6.b.1Proportionoflocaladministrativeunitswithestablishedandoperationalpoliciesandproceduresforparticipationoflocalcommunitiesinwaterandsanitationmanagement.

SDG6callsforcleanwaterandsanitationforallpeople.Achievingthisgoalrequirescorporateaction.Moreimpor-tantly,significantprogressonthisgoaldependsontheavailabilityofrobustdataonthecurrentlandscapeandwhatneedstochangetoensuretheenvironmentalsustainabilityofwater.

In2018,thecountrystartedimplementingtheWater&EnvironmentSectorPerformanceMeasurementFramework(2016), includingrevisionof its22goldenandplatinum indicators to incorporate theSDGsandotheremergingissues emanating frommore stringentwater quality requirements, human rights towater and sanitation, goodgovernanceandclimatechange.Ugandaisendowedwithwaterresources,butitfacesseveralchallenges.Thereareseasonablevariationsandvariations inqualityacrossregions,while98percentofwatersourcesaretrans-boundary.Watersourcesareunder threat from increasingpollutionandan increaseddemand forwater fromagrowingpopulation,industrialization,urbanization,agriculture,hydropower,theneedforwater-relatedecosystems,and the impactsofclimatechange.Availableevidencesuggests thatachievinguniversalaccess toevenbasicsanitationservicesby2030wouldrequiredoublingthecurrentannualrateofprogress.

Theefficientuseandmanagementofwateriscriticaltoaddressingthegrowingdemandforwater,threatstowatersecurityandtheincreasingfrequencyandseverityofdroughtsandfloodsresultingfromclimatechange.Therefore,safeandaffordabledrinkingwaterforallby2030requiresinvestmentsinadequateinfrastructure,theprovisionofsanitationfacilities,encouraginggoodhygienepractices,andprotectingandrestoringwater-relatedecosystems.

Currently,theproportionoftheurbanpopulationusinganimproveddrinkingwatersourcehasincreasedfrom71percentin2015/16to79percentin2018/19,whileinruralareasithasincreasedfrom65percentto69percentoverthesameperiod.Theaccessequitygapbetweendistrictsremainshigh,withratesvaryingbetween32percentinsomedistrictsand95percentinothers.Thepercentageofvillageswithasafewatersupplycontinuestorise,upfrom64percentin2016/17to66percentin2018/19.Onaverage31percentofsmalltownsarecoveredbypro-poorfacilitieswherepeoplepaylessorequaltothehouseconnectiontariffintheservicearea.Thisfigurerisesto83percentinlargeurbanserviceareas.


FIGURE 16: RURAL WATER SUPPLY (%)

Access Functionality

0

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19

100

80

60

40

20

Uganda’scontinuedinvestmentsinwaterandsanitationhaveledtopipedschemesto1,211villagesand132,358domesticwaterservingpoints, enablingmorethan27millionUgandans,themajority(82percent)inruralareas,toaccessclean,safewater.Theaveragefunctionalityrateforwatersupplypointsstandsat85percentforruralareas,comparedwith94.3percentforsmalltownsandruralgrowthcentres.However,therearestillleast-serveddistrictswithlessthan55percentcoverage.Mostoftheseareinthedrycattlecorridor,whichhaslowsurfaceandgroundwaterpotentialandrequiresexpensivetechnologieslikeabulkpipedwatersupply.Themajorchallengestoprovidingaccess tosafewatersupplyservices include: theexhaustionofsimpler technologicalwatersupplyoptions, requiringashift tomoreexpensive technologies;a limited resourceenvelope thatdoesnotmatch theever-increasingpopulationinruralareas;thenatureofsettlementsthatrequiremorewatersupplytechnologies.

TheGovernment’scurrentfocustowardsfast-trackingrealizationoftheSDG6targetsisonincreasingcoveragefortheleast-servedareas,operationalizingnon-functionalwaterpoints,andestablishingmorepro-poorfacilitieswherepeoplepaylessorequaltothehouseconnectiontariffintheservicearea.Governmentisalsoconsideringadoptinga“tripleR”approachofRecognizingcareatpolicy,community,andhouseholdlevels,Reducingdifficultcareworkthroughlabour-savingtechnology,andRedistributingthecareworkcostsandresponsibilitiesfromwomentomen.

By2018/19financialyear,accesstosomeformofsanitationwasat87.9percentinurbanareasand77.2percentinruralareas,withruralaccesshavingdeclinedfrom79percentin2018.Theproportionofthepopulationusinganimprovedsanitationfacilitynotsharedwithotherhouseholdswas16.6percentforruralareasand37.4percentforurbanareas;whiletheproportionofthepopulationusingsafely-managedsanitationserviceswasat7.1percentinruralareasand42.8percentinurbanareas47.ByJune2019,thenationalpupiltostanceratiohadreducedfrom73:1in2018to71:1,despiteanationalrecommendationof40:1.Thelevelofhandwashingfacilitieswithsoapandwaterathomeremainslowat36percentinruralareasand40percentinurbanareas,whiletheproportionofpupilsenrolled inschoolswithbasichandwashingfacilitieshasincreasedfrom34percent in2015/16to42percent in2018/19.

RefugeeslackadequateaccesstocleanwaterandsanitationservicesForexample,inDecember2018,35percentofSouthSudaneserefugeefamiliesdidnotownahouseholdlatrine,resultinginthemeithersharingwithneigh-bouringfamilies,usingcommunallatrinesorpractisingopendefecationinthebush.Waterisnotdistributedequi-tably,withrefugeesreceivingbetween12and28litresperpersonperday.In2018/19,theMinistryofWaterandEnvironment(MoWE)madeeffortstointegrateWASHinterventionsinrefugee-hostingareaswithitsownservicesandapproaches.InMarch2020,itlaunchedacomprehensiveWaterandEnvironmentResponseplanforrefugeeandhostcommunities,inadditiontoanoperationandmaintenanceframeworkforwaterschemesservingrefugeesandtheirhostcommunities.

47 SectorAnnualPerformanceReport2019;MinistryofWaterandEnvironment


The Government has continued to make efforts to improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping, and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials through compliance monitoring and enforcement.Thisiscarriedoutthroughcontinuousmonitoringof industrialfacilitiesthatdischargewaste-water,suchastanneries,dairies,drinksfactories,fishandsugarprocessingplants,andotherfoodprocessingandpharmaceuticalfactories.

FIGURE 17: COMPLIANCE OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TO STANDARDS

43

3227

22 21

404447

53 544851

Com

plia

nce (

%)

BOD 32 43

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

47 44 51 48

27 22 21 40 53 54TSS

2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19

Source: NEMA Report 2019

Despitebettertreatmentofwastewaterbydrinksfactoriesandfishprocessingplants,whosecompliancestandsat80percentand64percentrespectively,compliancebysugarprocessingfactories,tanneriesanddairiesstandsat35percent,36percent,and40percent,respectively.Severalmeasureshavebeenputinplacetoincreasetheregulationofmajorpolluters.However,Ugandastillgrappleswiththeproblemofmanagingurbansolidwaste,withthepercentageofnon-managedwastegoingupfrom24percent to52percent in2017/18,andupfromthe65percentto70percentin2015/16.

Inrecentyears,Ugandahasexperiencedchangesintheextentofwater-relatedecosystems,whichin2017stoodat1percent,comparedwith0.88percent in2016.Wetlandsarevital forhumansurvivalandamongUganda’smostproductiveecosystems.Wetlandcoveragehasreducedto10.9percent(2016),downfrom15.6percentin1994.Thekeydriversofwetlanddegradationinclude:(i)humanpopulationpressureonwetlands;(ii)unplannedsettlementsandcultivation,especiallyby theurbanandruralpoor; (iii)over-exploitation formaterialgoods; (iv)agriculturalexpansionandintensification;(v)limitedinformation,fundingandtechnicalcapacity;and(vi)emergingnewchallengessuchasoilexploration,investmentsandclimatechangeimpacts.

In2010, theMinistryofWaterandEnvironmentdevelopedaFramework forcatchment-based integratedwaterresourcesmanagementwhichguidestheestablishmentofCatchmentManagementStructuresandpreparationofCatchmentManagementPlans.Inaddition,theGovernmenthascreatedfourregionalunitscalledWaterManage-mentZonestoimplementthisframework.

In 2017/18, 963.4 ha were restored, down from 1,063 ha in 2015/16. Through community empowerment andengagementprogrammes,communityparticipationinthemanagementofwaterinfrastructurecontinuestoimprove,with89percentofwaterpointsfoundtohavebeenfunctionalin2019,upfrom87percentin2015.Overall,womenholdkeypositionsin85percentofWaterSourceCommittees,whiletheproportionforCatchmentManagementCommitteeswentdownto35percentfrom53percentin2018.


FIGURE 18: TREND IN WETLAND RESTORATION BY FISCAL YEAR

2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19

1500

1945.3

758.3

210

431.5 476 487.4

734.4

2000

1000

500479.4

0

HACT

ARES

OF W

ETLA

NDS R

ESTO

RED

FISCAL YEAR

AlthoughUgandahasgreatpotentialforirrigation,withover15percentofitssurfaceareacoveredbyfreshwaterresources,thepresentutilizationrateofitsinternalrenewablewaterresourceislow(2.8percent).Currently,Ugan-da’sratioofcultivatedareaunderirrigationtotheirrigationpotentialisonly0.5percent,comparedwith3.6percentforTanzania,2.0percentforKenyaand1.6percentforBurundi(MoWE,2019).Ifthecountry’sfullirrigationpoten-tialwasexploited,waterproductionwouldincreasebyover400percentby2030tomeetthedemandforwaterforirrigation,Thishighlightstheneedtoincreaseaccesstoanduseofwaterforagriculturalproduction,whichisexpectedtoimprovefollowingthelaunchoftheNationalIrrigationMasterPlan.Thistakesintoaccounttheimpactsofclimatechangeandbuildsonthepublicprivatepartnershipmechanismforirrigationdevelopment.Forinstance,underthemasterplan,therewillbeafocusondevelopinginfrastructureandservicesforbulkwaterstorageandtransfer, includingwater abstraction systems, transmissionmains,water pumping systems, storage tanks, andwaterdistributionnetworks.


4.7 GOAL 7: ENSURE ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND MODERN ENERGY FOR ALL


7.1.1ProportionofthepopulationwithAccesstoElectricity7.1.2Proportionofthepopulationwithprimaryrelianceoncleanfuelsandtechnology7.2.1Renewableenergyshareinthetotalfinalenergyconsumption7.3.1EnergyintensitymeasuredintermsofprimaryenergyandGDP

In2010,NDPI(2010/11–2014/15)rebalancedthepolicyagendafromanarrowfocusonpovertyreductiontowardswealthcreationandtheproductivecapacityoftheeconomy.Thisshiftresultedintheprioritizationofpublicinvest-mentsinsectorssuchasenergytopropelgrowth.Overthemediumterm,focushasbeenon:increasingpowergenerationcapacitytodriveeconomicdevelopment;expandingtheelectricitytransmissiongridnetwork;increasingEnergyEfficiency;promotingtheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy;andstrengtheningthepolicy,legalandinsti-tutionalframework.

FIGURE 19: AERIAL VIEW OF RECENTLY COMMISSIONED ISIMBA HYDRO POWER PLANT (183MW)

Source: UEGCL, 2019

Thecountryhasincreaseditsinstalled capacityfrom899MWin2016to1,182.2MWin2019,48andisexpectedtoexpanditfurthertomorethan2,650MWby2027withtheplannedcommissioningofmorethan5powerplants.Duetoincreasedelectricitygeneration,therateofaccesstoelectricityhasincreasedfrom14.5percentin2015to28percentin2019(Figure20),withpeakelectricitydemandofapproximately650MW.TheGovernment’sruralelec-trificationprogrammehasincreasedconnectionstothenationalgridbyover60percentsince2009,atanannualgrowthrateof14percent.Supportofrenewableenergyisalsopickingupintermsofcontributiontothenationalenergymix,49andwillexpandwithcontinued implementationof theElectricityConnectionsPolicy2018–2027,50 whichaimstoachieve60percentaccesstoelectricityby2027.51

48 Hydro (932.45MW), Thermal (101.6MW), Cogeneration (96.2MW), Solar (50.83MW), Diesel (1.08MW) and Biomass(0.04MW)

49 Shareofrenewableenergyinthetotalfinalenergyconsumptionisat86percent,electricityat1.7percentandpetroleumat12.3percent.Source:EnergyandMineralDevelopmentSectorStatisticalAbstract,2018

50 RepublicofUganda (2018)ELECTRICITYCONNECTIONSPOLICY:Financingand Implementation forConnections–2018–2027,MinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment,Kampala

51 Ibid,p.18


FIGURE 20: PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION WITH ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY

14.5%

21%22.5%

28%

60%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

2015 2016 2017 2019 2027

POPU

LATI

ON W

ITH

ACCE

SS TO

ELEC

TRIC

ITY (

PERC

ENT)

TARGET

Households comprise the largest overall energy consumers, followedby industry and transportation.However,energyintensityasmeasuredbyconsumptionremainslow,andhasbeenindeclinesince2015.ConsumptionofprimaryenergydeclinedfromUS$743.3billionin2015toUS$576.5billionin2018(Figure21).Inaddition,elec-tricityconsumptionpercapitahasincreasedonlyfrom71kWhin2016to100kWhin2018/19,comparedwiththeNDPIIItargetof578kWh.Similarly,energyconsumptionpercapita(kgOE/capita)increasedmarginallyfrom376.7in 2016 to 389.2 in 2018.52

Despite theabovesignificantprogress inaccesstoenergy, theproportionof thepopulationthatreliesprimarilyoncleanfuelsandtechnologystandsatonly0.6percent(0.2percentfemalesand2.1percentmales).Thereislimitedproductiveuseofelectricity,especiallyinruralareas,whichnegativelyaffectsdemandgrowth,affordability,anduptake.Lowdemandgrowthcomparedtoplannedgenerationcapacityislikelytoexertpressureonconsumertariffs.53Affordability isalsoaffectedbyotherfactors includingpoverty,pricing, inflation,andtheperformanceofenergyserviceproviders.Additionally,thereislowaccesstomodernandefficientenergysourcesandservices,e.g.solarhomesystems,LiquefiedPetroleumGas,biogasandimprovedcookstoves,forlighting,heatingandcleancooking.

52 MinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment(2019)AnnualReportJuly2018–June201953 MinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment(2019)DraftNationalEnergyPolicy2019


FIGURE 21: ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER GDP

743.3

624.2584.4 576.5

0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

2015 2016 2017 2018

US$ B

ILLI

ON

Accesstosustainableenergyforsufficientandcleancooking,lightingandpowerremainsakeychallengeintherefugeesettlementsandrefugee-hostingareas.Over75percentofrefugees arewithoutanyrenewablesourceofenergy,with93percentofrefugeeandhostcommunityhouseholdsdependingonfuelwoodenergyforcooking.Only45percentof refugeeand20percentofhostcommunityhouseholdsreportusingenergy-savingstoves.Refugeehouseholdsspendonaverage22percentoftheirincomeonenergy,withwomenandchildrenspending12–24hoursaweekcollectingfirewood.TheMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopmentiscurrentlydevelopingacomprehensiveSustainableEnergyResponsePlanforrefugeeandhostcommunities.

TheGovernmenthasput inplaceseveral interventionstoacceleratetheachievementofSDG7.Theseincludeplans tobringdownthecostofelectricity toUS5centsperunit toencourageelectricityconsumption,onceallmajorgeneration,transmission,anddistributionprojectsarecompleted.TheGovernmenthasalsoleveragedpart-nershipswithcivilsocietyandprivatesectorpartnerstoattractinvestmentinthemanufactureanduseofimprovedstoves,suchastheRocketLorenaStoves,forhouseholdsandinstitutions.


4.8 GOAL 8: PROMOTE SUSTAINED, INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, FULL AND PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT WORK FOR ALL


8.1.1AnnualgrowthrateofrealGDPpercapita8.3.1Informalemployment8.5.2Unemploymentrate,bysex,ageandpersonswithdisabilities8.6.1Proportionofyouth(aged15–24years)notineducation,employmentortraining8.7.1Proportionandnumberofchildrenaged5–17yearsengagedinchildlabour,bysexandage

8.10.1Numberof(a)commercialbankbranchesper100,000adults,(b)numberofautomatedtellermachines(ATMs)per100,000adults.

8.10.2Proportionofadults(15yearsandolder)withanaccountatabankorotherfinancialinstitutionorwithamobile-money-serviceprovider

Ugandahasmadeimpressivegainsinsocialandeconomictransformation,keepinginsightitsambitiontotrans-form toamodernandprosperoussocietyasespousedbyVision2040,aswellas itscommitment to the2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Overthelast10years,progressineconomicgrowthhaslargelymanifestedinthedoublingofGDPfromUS$17.2billionin2009/1054toUS$34.4billionin2019.55Inaddition,theGDPgrowthratehasincreasedfrom4.8percentin2015/16to6.5percentin2018/19.Similarly,GDPpercapitaincreasedfromUS$807toUS$878overthesameperiod.Thedriversofthisdevelopmentareincreasedprivateandpublicsectoractivity,supportedbyamoderatelysteadyworldwideeconomicenvironmentandprudenteconomicmanagement.Theservicesectorremains the leadingcontributor toGDP,accounting for43.5percent in2016/17, followedbyindustryat26.0percentandagricultureat23.5percentrespectively.Taxeslesssubsidiesonproductscontributedonly7.0percent.

Despiteimpressiveeconomicgrowth,theslowpaceofstructuraltransformation,highunemployment(especiallyamongyoungpeople),andhighinformalityoftheeconomyconstraineffortstoaccelerateprogressonSDG8.Theslowprogressofhigh-impactsectorssuchasagriculture,manufacturingand tourism,coupledwithweakvaluechains,hashinderedtheeconomyfromoptimizinggainsinproductivity,jobcreation,povertyreductionandstruc-turalchange.Thishasresultedin85percent(86percentfemale,85percentmale)ofthepopulationbeingengagedininformalemployment.Moreover,almost90percentofyoungpeopleaged18–30yearsareininformalemploy-mentoutsideofagriculture,withmales (91percent)and females (90percent)affected inequalmeasure.HighlevelsofinformalemploymentincreasevulnerabilitytoshockssuchastheCOVID-19virus,asearningsarelesssecure,andoccupationalhealthandsafetyandworkingconditionsareunregulated.

Therefugeepopulationisexcludedfromeconomicgrowthandonlybenefits ina limitedwayfromdecentwork.Employmentamong refugees is28percent,and theirwagesare35percent to45percent lower than thehostcommunity.InSouthWest,forexample,refugeesearnhalfthatofnationals(523UGXperdaycomparedwith1,079UGXperday),mainlyinsmall-scaleagriculture.Althoughthereisaneedforskillsandjobtrainingamongrefugees,only8percentreportreceivingit.56

Highinformalemploymentisamanifestationofalackofproductiveemploymentanddecentwork,especiallyforthe bulging youth population.However, according to theNational LabourForceSurvey 20016/17, the nationalUnemploymentRatehasdeclinedsignificantlyfrom33.8percentin2013to9.7percentin2017.Thefemaleunem-ploymentrate(11percent)ishigherthanthatofmales(8percent),whiletheunemploymentrateoftheworking-agepopulation in rural and urban areas is almost the same (10 percent and 9 percent, respectively). The declineinunemployment ispartlyattributed togrowth in thenumberofemployees in the formalsector,aswellas thecontinuedimplementationofanumberoflabour-basedinstitutionalinterventionsandreformsaimedatprovidingequitableaccesstosafe,healthyanddecentemployment,whileincreasingemploymentandproductivity.

54 UgandaBureauofStatistics(2019).RebasedGDPEstimates–2016/17ReferencePeriod55 DraftThirdNationalDevelopmentPlan,Version4,asatApril17,202056 WorldBank,InformingtheRefugeePolicyResponseinUganda,2019



Nationally,theproportionofyoungpeople(aged15–24years)notineducation,employment,ortraining(NEET)was40.7percentin2016/17andwashighestamongmales(46.9percent)comparedtofemales(27.2percent).

Childlabourremainshighat15.1percent(female,13.5percent;male,16.8percent)nationally,57 with regional varia-tions.InBusogasub-regiontherateis53percent,owinginparttothefactthatmostchildreninthatsub-regionworkonsugarcaneplantations.Childlabourviolateschildren’srightsandhinderstherealizationofdevelopmentgoals.Moreover,prematurelyengagingchildreninworkaschildlabourershasadverseeffectsontheireducation.ThroughtheMoGLSD,UgandaiscommittedtoreducingchildlabourpracticesthroughimplementationoftheNationalChildLabourPolicyandotherinterventions,58suchasthedraftNationalActionPlanonChildLabour.Allthisisbeingdonetoensurethatthecountryeliminateschildlabour.

Uganda’sVision2040attributeslimitedaccesstofinance(orcredit)tolackofavailability.59Tothisend,theGovern-menthasstrengthenedthecapacityofdomesticfinancialinstitutionstoencourageandexpandaccesstobanking,insuranceandotherfinancialservicesforall.Accesstofinancialservicesenablesindividualsandfirmstomanagechanges in income, dealwith fluctuating cash flows, accumulate assets, andmake productive investments. Inaddition,improvedfinancialservicesincreaseeconomicgrowthandhelpinreducingpovertyandincomeinequality.

FIGURE 22: NUMBER OF COMMERCIAL BANK BRANCHES AND ATMS PER 100,000 ADULTS, 2015–2019

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Commercial Bank Branches 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.1

ATMs 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.7

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

NUM

BER

OF B

ANK

BRAN

CHES

AN

DATM

S PER

100,

000

Statelesspersons(thosewhodonothaveanationality)areofteninvisibleandfacehighlevelsofdiscriminationandsocialexclusion.Thenumberofstatelessandthereforeat-riskpeopleinUgandaiscurrentlyunknown,althoughthephenomenonisreportedamongsomemarginalizedtribesandsegmentsoftheundocumentedpopulation.ChildrenborninUgandawillbestatelessiftheirparentsarestatelessoriftheparentsareunabletoconfertheirnationalitytotheirchildrenunderthelawsoftheirState.In2015,theGovernmentofUgandapledgedtoregularizethestatusofsome15,000long-stayingrefugeeswhohavedevelopedstrongsocialtiesinUgandaandispreparingtoaccedetothe1961UNConventionontheReductionofStatelessness.

57 UgandaBureauofStatistics(2018),NationalLabourForce2017/18,UBOS,Kampala58 For instance, in2018, theMoGSLD, inpartnershipwithKampalaCapitalCityAuthority, removed283childrenfromthe

streetsofKampalaCityandprovidedthemwithsocialservices.59 EPRC(2013).Uganda2013FINSCOPEIIISurveyreportfindings.Unlockingbarrierstofinancialinclusion


4.9 GOAL 9: BUILD RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE, PROMOTE INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND FOSTER INNOVATION.


9.1.1Proportionoftheruralpopulationwholivewithin2kmofanall-seasonroad9.1.2Passengerandfreightvolumes,bymodeoftransport9.2.1ManufacturingvalueaddedasaproportionofGDPandpercapita9.2.2ManufacturingemploymentasaproportionoftotalemploymentIndicator

9.a.1Totalofficialinternationalsupport(officialdevelopmentassistanceplusotherofficialflows)toinfrastructure

Uganda is working to return to higher growth rates and move the country towards middle-in-come status. The development strategy is focusedon addressing infrastructure bottlenecks by buildinghydropowerplants,amodernroadnetwork,andrail-ways.Inaddition,Ugandaisdevelopingoilfieldswithan international consortium of oil companies. Thecrudeoilwill be transported to internationalmarketsviaapipelinethroughTanzaniaandsupplyaplanneddomestic refinery. The Government also recognizestherelevanceofsustainablewaterinfrastructureandhowitwillimprovepeople’slivesbyprovidingaccessto water and help managing scarce resources in asustainable manner. To strengthen the regulatoryenvironment,anumberoflegalandpolicyinstrumentshavebeenreviewed:theTollingPolicy2017,RoadsAct,2019,CivilAviationAct(Amended),2019,TrafficandRoadSafetyAct(Amended)2020.(MinistryofWorksandTransportProgressReport,2020).

Over the lastfiveyears, theGovernmenthascommittedto: increasethepavednational roadnetwork; improvetheconditionofpavedandunpavedroads; improve thesafetyof transportservices; increase thevolumeofairpassengerandcargotraffic;andincreasetheproportionoffreightcargoandpassengertrafficbyrail.Uganda’stotalroadnetworkstandsat159,364km,60ofwhich20,854kmarenationalroadsundertheUgandaNationalRoadsAuthority(UNRA),38,603kmaredistrictroads,79,947kmarecommunityaccessroads,and19,959kmareundertheUrbanMunicipal,TownCouncilsandKCCA.Of the totalnational roadnetwork,4,971km(23.8percent)arepaved.

Since2015, severalprojectshavebeen implementedunder thesector,especially in theupgradingof roads totarmac.

60 WorksandTransportAnnualSectorPerformanceReportFY2018/19

H.E. The President commissioning the road equipment procured from Japan


Notwithstanding theerraticclimatechangesaffectingmost infrastructureprojects,most roadshavebeenmain-tainedingoodcondition,upfrom78.5percentinFY2015/16to93percentinFY2018/19.

FIGURE 23: PROPORTION OF NATIONAL ROADS IN FAIR TO GOOD CONDITION FYS 2015/16-2018/19

78.5% 80%

97% 93%85%

71% 70%

83%75%

80%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

FY 2015/16 FY 2016/17 FY 2017/18 FY 2018/19 NDP II 2020 Target

% of Paved Roads % of Unpaved Roads

Source: Sector Annual Performance Report FY 2017/18 & UNRA Q4 Report FY 2018/19

TheGovernmentisimplementingseveralprojectstorehabilitate,upgradeandmaintainroadsacrossthecountry.Inaddition,ithasprocuredroadequipmentfromJapananddistributedittoallLocalGovernmentswiththeaimofmaintainingalldistrictsroads.Itisalsocommittedtomaintainingover2,500kmofpavedand10,000kmofunpavedroadsannually,whichisbeingimplementedbyUgandaNationalRoadsAuthority.

Intheaviationsector,thenumberofairtraffic(international,transitanddomestic)passengershasincreasedsteadilysince2015,from1.5millionto1.94millioninFY2018/19.Airtrafficcargohasalsoincreasedoverthesameperiod,from56,465tonsinFY2015/16to62,127tonsinFY2018/19.Uganda’stargetistoincreasethevolumeofinterna-tionalairpassengertrafficto2.16millionandaircargoto77,875tons,whichcouldbeachievedwiththeongoingrehabilitationofEntebbeInternationalAirport.61Figure24belowshowsthegrowthinairtrafficovertheyears.

FIGURE 24: AIR TRANSPORT PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT CARGO TRAFFIC 2015/16-2018/19

No. of Passengers Cargo (Tonnes) Linear (No. of Passengers)

1,505,5051,607,628

1,727,314

1,949,2732,160,000

56,465 59,556 62,093 62,127 77,875

FY 2015/16 FY 2016/17 FY 2017/18 FY 2018/19 NDP II 2020 Target

Source: UBOS Statistical Abstract, 2017

61 GAPR2019,p.130


RenovationworktoEntebbe–Uganda’sinternationalairport–isisnearingcompletionandincludesanewcargocentrecomplex,newpassengerterminalandrehabilitationworkstorunwaysandtaxiways.Newairports are also under construction.Phase1 ofKabaaleairportiscompletedanditisplannedtocommenceoper-ationsin2021.TwoBombardierCRJ900aircraftsweredeliveredtotheNationalcarrierandbegancommercialoperationsinAugust2019.62

Revitalizationand re-equippingof theEastAfricanCivilAviationAcademy,Soroti isunderway,whiledevelopmentandupgradingofArua,Gulu, Jinja,Kasese andSoroti airfields is alsomakingprogress,whichwillboostdomesticflights.

Water transport has long contributed to Uganda’s growth. TheGovernment is in the process of constructing a new Port andmodernizing and rehabilitating existing ones. By March 2020,Government had operationalized new ferries and developed 5landingsites–Namasale-Zengebe(MV-Kyoga2),Wanseko-Pa-nyimur,Namasale-Lwampanga,SiguluIsland,andKumi–KatakwiFerry(LakeBisina).

In NDPIII, the Government has prioritized the rejuvenation ofrailwaytransport.FeasibilitystudiesforStandardGaugeRailwayhavebeen completed, rehabilitation of theMeter gauge railwaylineisunderway,andRailwayPassengerServicesarealsobeingrevived. In Greater Kampala Metropolitan Areas, the averagenumber of passengers per month is 40,000,(i.e. 480,000 perannum).(MinistryofWorksandTransport,2020)

On road transport, the Government undertook construction ofOneStopBorderPosts(OSBPs)tofacilitatefasterbordercrossingandclearanceprocesses, improvecross-bordertrade,andeasethemovementofgoodsandpassengers.Malaba,Busia,MiramaHills,MutukulaandEleguOSBPswerecompletedandareoper-ational.Katuna,Goli,NtorokoPortLandingSiteOSBPsareunderconstruction,andBunaganaandMpondweOSBPsareplannedforconstruction.

Uganda is also realizing an increase in the value added as aproportionofGDPandpercapita.Manufacturingactivitiesgrewby7.1percentin2018/19comparedwith4.6percentin2017/18.Thisgrowthwasattributedtogoodperformanceinthemanufactureofdairyproducts(27.1percent);theprocessingandpreservationoffish(24.3percent);theprocessingandpreservationofmeat(21.0percent);andthemanufactureofgoodsmadeofconcrete,cementandplaster (20.3percent).However, over thesameperiod, themanufactureofcoffee registeredadeclineof26.3percent.Thebiggest contributors to the manufacturing industry were grainmillingandstarchproducts(11.6percent),furniture(11.1percent),pharmaceutical products (8.5 percent) and the processing andpreservationofmeat(7.0percent),whichtogethercontributed40percenttototalmanufacturingin2018/19.

62 SeeGAPR,2018,p.131

Malaba one stop border post

Launch of Uganda airlines by H.E. the President


Employmentinindustryaccountedfor7.527percentoftotalemploymentin2019.SeeTable8forthepercentageofemployeesindifferentindustriesandservices.

TABLE 8: SHARE OF UGANDAN EMPLOYEES BY MAIN ACTIVITY OF ESTABLISHMENT AND YEAR (%)

YEARUGANDAN EMPLOYEES

MAIN ACTIVITY OF ESTABLISHMENT 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Manufacturing 7.1 7.1 7.3 8.1 7.7 7.9Trade & Repairs 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.7Transportation & Storage 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6Accommodation & Food service Activities 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.6Financial & Insurance Activities 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8Administrative & Support Service Activities 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8Public Administration 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 8.8 8.5Education 73.1 73.3 73.2 71.5 67.5 66.7Human Health & Social Work Activities 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2Other Service Activities 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4Total 100 100 100 100 100 100Number 698,800 732,900 761,700 820,900 918,400 1,011,600

Source: Manpower Survey, 2018

Overall,manufacturingproduction is largely for thedomesticmarket,withmanufacturedexportscontributinganaverageofabout11percentoftotalexports.TheimprovementinexportperformanceislargelytheresultofnewmarketopportunitiesintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo,Sudan,andRwanda.63

Thetotalofficialdevelopmentassistance toUganda(grantsand loans forallprojects/interventions)grewby83percentfromUS$798.8millionin2015toUS$1,438.9millionin2019.Overthelastfiveyears,loansacquisitionbyGovernmenthasgrownby145percentfromUS$531.3millionin2015toUS$1,301.6millionin2019,whilegrantsreducedby49percentfromUS$267.5millionandUS$137.3million.SeeFigure25below.

FIGURE 25: OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE TO UGANDA 2015–2019

267.

5

272.

0

201.

4

206.

5

137.

3

531.

3

1,00

3.9

1,00

3.0

1,29

8.9

1,30

1.6

798.

8

1,27

6.0

1,20

4.4

1,50

5.5

1,43

8.9

0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1,000.0

1,200.0

1,400.0

1,600.0

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Grants (US$ m) Loans (US$ m) Total (US$ m)

Source: MoFPED, 2020

63 MariosObwonaetal.(2008)The evolution of industry in Uganda,BrookingsInstitute,WashingtonD.C.


TheUgandaneconomyhasreceivedaboostfromthetelecommunicationssectorwithgrowthinthemobilenetwork. Theproportionofthepopulationwithmobilenetworksubscriptionsgrewfrom57percentin2015to63.5percentin2019.SeeFigure26below.

FIGURE 26: PROPORTION OF POPULATION COVERED BY A MOBILE NETWORK, BY TECHNOLOGY

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

57.2%

62.6%

66.1%

62.7%

63.5%0.93%

1.01%

0.69%

0.48%0.36%

0.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

1.20%

52.0%

54.0%

56.0%

58.0%

60.0%

62.0%

64.0%

66.0%

68.0%

PERC

ENT F

IXED

LINE

S SUB

CRIP

TION

S

PERC

ENT M

OBIL

E NET

WOR

KSU

BSCR

IPTI

ONS

% mobile subscriptions % �xed lines subcriptions

Source: Uganda Communication Commission (2015-2019)

Therewere25.6millionmobilenetworksubscriptionsin2019comparedwith20.2millionin2015.Areductionin2018wasattributedtothedeactivationofunregisteredSIMsinthedifferentnetworksaspartofadeliberategovern-mentefforttocleanuptheindustryandreducetelecom-relatedcrimes.Theproportionofthepopulationsubscribingtofixedlinescontinuedtodropfrom0.93percentin2015to0.36percentin2019.


4.10 GOAL 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AND AMONG COUNTRIES

Indicators reported on

NoSDGindicatorshavedatapointscurrently

Thereisgrowingconsensusthateconomicgrowthisnotsufficienttoreducepovertyifitisnotinclusiveandifitdoesnotinvolvethethreedimensionsofsustainabledevelopment–economic,social,andenvironmental.Indeed,SDG10enjoinscountriestoreduceinequalitywithinandamongcountries.ItisimperativefordevelopingcountrieslikeUgandatobuildfairerandmoreinclusiveeconomies.InUganda,aswellasintheEAC,thereareframeworksforsupportingtheachievementofSDG10.Forinstance,Uganda’sVision2040emphasizesbalanceddevelopmentthroughensuringthatallregionsofthecountrybenefitfromgrowthofthenationaleconomy.ThegoaloftheEAC’sVision2050(Chapter2section2.4)istohaveadeveloped,stableandcompetitiveregionalblocthatwillensure“enhancedinclusivenessindevelopmentandsocio-economictransformation”.

AtthestartoftheSDGperiod,Ugandaenjoyedabuoyanteconomicgrowthrateof7percentperannumoverthetwodecadesspanning the late1990sand theearly2000s.Thiswas inpartdue toprudentmacro-stabilizationpoliciesandarapidworkforceexpansionintheearly2000s,andmodestfactorproductivity.However,Uganda’seconomicgrowthhasbeenlowerinrecentyears,averagingjust5.1percentin2016and2019.64 This growth trend isalso2–3percentbelowthe7percentgrowthtrendperceivedasnecessaryfortheattainmentofSDG8.1,whichfocuseson increasingeconomicgrowth.Thedifferencebetweenactualandpotential (outputgap)hasnegativeimplicationsforUganda’sambitiousmiddle-incometargetby2040.

Despitetheeconomicgrowthachievedsofar,Uganda’smarket-drivengrowthhasseenonlyafewpeoplebene-fitingfromthecountry’seconomicgrowth.EvidencefromtheUNHS2016/17indicatesthattherichest10percentofUganda’spopulationenjoyoverone-third(33.5percent)ofnationalincome.Thisproportionhasgrownbynearly20percentoverthepasttwodecades.Thebottom40percenttakelessthanone-fifth(16.4percent)ofthenationalincome,andtheproportionhasfallenbyover10percentoverthelasttwodecades.TheGini-coefficientrosefrom0.365in1992to0.42in2016.Between2006and2016,theGinicoefficientgrewatanannualrateof0.2percent,implyingthatundercurrentcircumstances,inequalitywillcontinuetoriseandisexpectedtoreach0.429in2030.Ifinequalitycontinuestorise,morepeoplewillbeexcludedfromhumandevelopmentgains.Accordingtothe2019HumanDevelopmentreport,inequalityreducedUganda’shumandevelopmentvaluebyover27percentin2018.InequalityisabigobstacletoachievingSDG10asitaffectscriticaldevelopmentdimensionsandincreasesvulner-abilitytopoverty.Undercurrentcircumstances,thevulnerablepopulationisprojectedtoincreaseto30.6millionby2030.Accompanyingtherecentriseinpovertyisgrowingincomeinequality.

Highinequalityhasindeedweakenedthegrowthpovertylinkage.Forexample,aswellastheshareofagriculturetoGDPdeclining,itsgrowthratehasalsobeendeclining,growingbyjust4percentin2015andhavingnegativegrowthof-0.3percentin2016.Giventhelargenumberofpeoplethesectoremploys,andahighpopulationgrowthrate,thisdeclininggrowthrateinagriculturehasimplicationsforpovertyandinequality.Forinstance,therecentreversal inpoverty trends, especially in the sub-regionsofBukedi,Busoga,TesoandBunyoro, is attributed toheavy relianceonsubsistence rain-fedagricultureas theonlyeconomicactivity.Significantnumbersofpeoplein thesesub-regionsdependonsubsistenceagricultureas theirmainsourceof livelihood, forexample:Bukedi(73.5percent),Busoga(71.1percent),andTeso(81.7percent).Inaddition,povertyinBukediregionisattributedtolowfarmoutputduetopestsanddiseases.InBusogaandBunyororegions,thesmallsizeoffarmsforsugar-canegrowingishighlylikelytobecontributingtotheincreaseinpoverty.ThehighpovertylevelsinKaramojaareattributedtoharshweatherconditions,aswellaspooragriculturalandculturalpractices.65

64 UBOS(2019).RebasedGDPEstimates-2016/17ReferencePeriod.65 UNHS2016/17


Uganda also recognizes gender inequality and its significance in disadvantage.Whilemorewomen thanmenareemployedintheagriculturalsector,constitutingover70percentoftheagriculturalworkforce,theyownonly7percentoftheland.Inwagedjobsinthepublicsector,theaveragepayforwomenis40percentlessthanitisformen.66

Thesewidegenderdisparitiespresentamajorchallengeforthecountryandrequiresoundpoliciestoempowerlower-incomeearners,andpromoteeconomic inclusionofall regardlessof sex, raceorethnicity.Someof thesuggested actions relate to implementing programmes that support social protection, and investing in regionaldevelopmenttoaccelerateequitable,regionaleconomicgrowthanddevelopment.Inaddition,theGovernmentwillenactlegislationthatsupportswomen’sownershipofcriticalproductionfactorssuchasland,andalsoaccesstotechnologiesthatimproveagriculturalproductivityandreducelabourintensivework.Itwillalsofocusonpoliciesthatpromoteinclusivegrowthandcreatejobsforthelowersegmentsofsociety.

66 UgandaNationalHouseholdSurvey2016/17


4.11 GOAL 11: MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE, SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE

Indicators Reported on: 11.1.1Proportionofurbanpopulationlivinginslums,informalsettlementsorinadequatehousing

Ugandaisundergoingrapidpopulationgrowthand,likemanyothercountries,isexperiencingrapidurbanization.Thecountryhasapopulationof42millionandahighpopulationgrowthrateof3.2percent–makingitoneofthefastest-growingpopulationsinAfrica.Thisrapidpopulationgrowthhasseriousimplicationsintermsofdemandforland,housing,water,health,education,jobsandurbanservices,aswellasimpactsontheenvironment.

Most of this growthhasbeen in secondary towns suchasHoima–10.7percent,Mbarara–8.6percent, andMukono–10.4percent.67TheGreaterKampalaMetropolitanAreahasthehighesturbanpopulation,representingover50percentofUganda’stotalurbandwellers.It isprojectedthatbytheyear2035,Uganda’spopulationwillhavegrownto68.4million,30percentofwhichwillbe inurbanareas.Currently,Uganda’surbanpopulation is24.4percentofthetotalpopulation,withurbanizationoccurringatarateof5.7percentannually.68ItisthesecriticalmetricsthatmakeGoal11importantfortheattainmentoftheSDGs.

Ahighproportionoftheurbanpopulationlivesinslumsandinformalsettlementsorinadequatehousing.In2014,theproportionofpeoplelivinginslumsstoodat53percent.Kampalahasremainedtheprimaryurbancentre,butsmallerurbanareasaregrowingfaster,withtheproportionofKampalacitytothetotalurbanpopulationdecliningfrom41percentin1991to25percentin2014.69Between2002and2014,Wakisotowncouncilshowedthehighestgrowth rate (11.9 percent), followedbyHoima (10.7 percent),Mukono (10.4percent),Masindimunicipality (8.9percent),Mbarara(8.6percent)andKasese(5.3percent).70

Well-managedurbanizationcanstimulateeconomicgrowthandproductivejobsforUganda’syoungandrapidly-ex-pandingpopulation.71Theurbancentresandcitiesaredrivingtheexpansionofproductivebusinessesbyreducingthedistancebetweensuppliersandmarkets.72Urbanizationisalsocontributingpositivelytotheprovisionofsocialservicesandinfrastructurethrougheconomiesofscale.Thesepositiveeffectsofurbanizationarealreadyvisible,withpovertylevels7percentlowerinurbanareasthantheyareinruralareas.73

Uganda’shousingpolicy ispremisedon theprincipleofpartnership, involvingallstakeholders– theMinistryofHousingonbehalfofGovernment,theprivatesector,landowners,financialinstitutions,cooperatives,andindivid-uals–toworkprogressivelytoprovideadequatehousingforall.Inits2016NationalHousingPolicy,theGovern-mentestimatesthatUgandahasabout7.3millionhouseholdslivingin6.2millionhousingunitswithanaveragehouseholdsizeof4.7persons.Thenationaloccupancydensity isestimatedat1.1householdperhousingunit,givingatotalbacklogof710,000housingunits.Thereisalsoanestimatedbacklogof900,000housingunitsasaresultofsub-standardhousesandstructuresthatwerenevermeantforhumanhabitation.74Theannualneedfornewhousingfortheentirecountryisestimatedat200,000units,ofwhich135,000areinruraland65,000inurbanareas,resultingfromthepopulationgrowthof3.0percentand5.7percenturbanizationperyear.Theestimatedconstructionrateofreasonablygoodhousesisestimatedat40,000housingunitsinruralareasand20,000inurban

67 UBOS,201668 See https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ug.html69 KampalaCityCouncilAuthority(2014)Strategic Plan 2014/15-2018/19: Laying a Foundation for Kampala City Trans-

formation,KCCA,Kampala70 MLHUD(2016)71 SeeWorldBankEconomicUpdates(variousyears)72 UNHabitat(2006),Situation Analysis of Informal Settlements in Kampala;UN-Habitat,Nairobi73 UBOSStatisticalAbstract,201874 MinistryofLands,HousingandUrbanDevelopment(2016)TheUgandaNationalHousingPolicy,Adequate Housing for All:

MLHUD,Kampala

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ug.html


areas.Thiscreatesadeficitof140,000housesnationallyofwhich95,000areinruralareasand45,000inurbanareas.Thisshortagedoesnotincludethebacklogof1,600,000housingunitscarriedforward.75

AccesstoPublicTransportplaysacrucialroleinconnectingpeopletogoods,servicesandopportunitiesforsocialand economic advancement, and in fostering development. In relation to the proportion of the populationwithconvenientaccesstopublictransport,bysex,ageandpersonswithdisabilities(PWDs),householdswithnoPWDshadslightlyhigherownershipratesofmotorvehiclesandmotorcyclesthanthosewithPWDs.Theproportionofhouseholdsthatreportedowningamotorvehicleamonghouseholdsheadedbynon-PWDs(4.3percent)wasmorethantwicethatofthoseheadedbypersonswithmultipledisabilities(1.8percent).Relatedly,differencesexistedwhenownershipofamotorcyclewasconsidered,withsome10percentofhouseholdsheadedbypersonswithoutadisabilityhavingaccesstoamotorcyclecomparedwith6percentofothercounterparts.Nomajordifferencesexisted,however,inbicycleownershipandwheelchairownership,probablybecauseofthelowpriceoftheseformsof transport.76

Citizens’ participation in urban planning.Although Indicator 11.3.2 on the proportion ofcities with a structure enabling civil society toparticipate democratically in urban planningandmanagement is not tracked specifically inUganda, a good practice example was imple-mented in the development of the KampalaCity Strategic Plan. The priority concerns ofcitizensandvisitorstoKampalawerecollectedat various strategy development engagementsandformedthefoundationofthestrategy.Thestrategyindicatedthattheseissueswouldgoontoformthebasisforthedevelopmentofaciti-zens’ charter. The strategy alsomentions thatservicedeliverywillbeamongthekeyparame-terstobeassessedaspartofacitizens’satis-factionsurvey.

Ugandaappreciates that the conditions that haveallowed the challengesof urbanization toexist have seriouspolicyimplicationsthatrequireintervention. Thesechallengesinclude:uncoordinatedplanninganddevelopmentleadingtouncontrolledsprawlingofthemajortowns;ayouthbulgeinurbanareas;thegrowthofslumsandinformalsettlements,dilapidatedhousing,andpoorsanitation;privatizationofurbandevelopmentwithoutprovidingpublicspace and connectivity; andweaknesses in administration, institutions, legal normative framework and overallplanning.Uganda’sVision2040has thereforesetout tocontrolurbansprawling through legislation, integratedphysicalplanningandstrictdevelopmentcontrol.Overtime,theGovernmentwillincreasethedensityofsettlementbyconstructinghighrisebuildings.Thiswillinvolveadoptingwell-planned,high-densitysettlementforKampalaandmedium-densitysettlementfortheregionalandstrategiccities.77

FollowingtheNewUrbanAgendaadoptedatthe68thPlenaryMeetingofthe71stSessionoftheGeneralAssembly,heldon23December2016insupportoftheSDG11thatcallsforcitiestobeinclusive,safe,resilientandsustain-able.TheSafeCitiesFreeofViolenceagainstWomenandGirls,discrimination was initiated inKampalaandsurroundingtowncouncilsthatsufferedtheeffectsofthewomenmurders.TheSafeCitiesandPublicspacesaimstoensurethat;womenandgirlsaresocially,economicallyandpoliticallyempoweredinpublicspaceswhicharefreefromsexualharassmentandotherformsofsexualviolence,areprotectedsocially,economicallyandpoliticallybyimplementingGender-Responsivelocallyownedinterventions,adoptionandenforcementoflaws&policestopreventandrespondtoVAWG,investinginSafety&economicviabilityofSafeCitiesandSafePublicspacesandchangingsocialattitudesandbehaviorsthatfuelsexualharassmentandviolenceagainstwomeninpublicspaces.

75 Ibid,p.1076 UBOS(2019)The National Population and Housing Census 2014 – National Analytical Report on persons with disabilities,

UBOS,Kampala.77 Vision2040,p.51


4.12 GOAL 12: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

Indicators Reported 12.1.1 Numberofcountrieswithsustainableconsumptionandproductionnationalactionplansorsustainableconsumptionandproductionmainstreamedasapriorityoratargetintonationalpolicies

12.b.1 Implementationofstandardaccountingtoolstomonitortheeconomicandenvironmentalaspectsoftourismsustainability

12.3.1 Globalfoodlossindex12.6.1 Numberofcompaniespublishingsustainabilityreports

Tooperationalizetheprinciplesofgreengrowth78espousedinthe2030Agenda,Uganda’sVision2040andNDPII,theGovernmentdevelopedtheUgandaGreenGrowthDevelopmentStrategy(2017/18–2030/31)anditsimple-mentationroadmap.79Thestrategyidentifiescatalyticinvestmentareasforprioritizationinthetransitiontowardsa green economy. These include sustainable agriculture production; natural capital management with a focuson tourismdevelopment; sustainable forestry,wetlands, andoptimalwater resourcemanagement; green cities(planned urbanization); and sustainable transport and energy for green growth. Investment in green economyinterventions isexpectedtocontributetoeradicatingpovertyaswellassustainingeconomicgrowth,enhancingsocialinclusion,improvinghumanwelfare,andcreatingopportunitiesforemploymentanddecentworkforall,whilemaintainingthehealthyfunctioningoftheecosystems.80

Uganda is party to Multilateral EnvironmentAgreements (MEAs). These include the Convention on BiologicalDiversity,StockholmConvention,BaselConvention,MinamataConvention,andtheViennaConvention/MontrealProtocol.TheMEAsaremainstreamed/integratedintotheGovernment’smedium-termandannualplansandareimplementedthroughKeyPerformanceAreas.81

UgandahasalsodevelopedandadoptedtheGreenGrowthDevelopmentStrategy(UGGDS).Threeprogrammesinthecurrentstrategicplanfocusonconservation,notablyresourceconservationandmanagement,researchandecologicalmonitoringandcommunityconservation.Thegovernmenthassupportedtheprivatesectortoensureenvironmental complianceandsustainability throughcomplianceassistanceandenforcement.This reflects theincreaseddemandfornaturalresourcesthathasdefinedthepastdecades,resultinginanundueburdenonenvi-ronmentalresources.82Thisimpliesthaturgentactionisneededbyallcountriesaroundtheworld.

Toimplementthestandardaccountingtoolstomonitortheeconomicandenvironmentalaspectsoftourismsustain-ability,theUgandaWildlifeAuthorityadoptednewfinancialreformsthatincludeanintegratedFinancialManage-mentandRevenuecollectionsystemunderthebroaderGovernmentIntegratedFinancialManagementSystem.StatisticsonWildlifePopulationwereupdatedanddisseminatedintheStatusofUgandaWildlifeResourcereportinJune2019.Thisisamajorfactorinenablingthetrackingandprotectionoftheprimatepopulation.TheUgandaWildlifeAuthorityhasbalanceditsfocustoavoidconcentrationonlyonrevenuecollectionandincludetheconser-vationof tourismfor futuregenerations.Outof thesixstrategicprogrammes in thecurrentstrategicplan, threeare focusedon conservation, notably: resource conservation andmanagement; researchandecologicalmoni-toring;andcommunityconservation.Tourismdevelopmentandfinancialsustainabilityistheonlyprogrammethatisfocusedoneconomicandrevenueactivities.

78 IntheUgandacontext,asasystemordevelopmentparadigmthataimsatcatalyzingeconomicgrowththroughtheefficientuseofthecountry’snatural,human,andphysicalcapital inaninclusivemanneralongalowcarbonemissions,climateresilientdevelopmentpathway(UGGDS).

79 NPA(2018)UgandaGreenGrowthStrategy80 GoU(2010)UgandaVision204081 NEMAAnnualReport,201982 SeeSecretaryGeneralSDGProgressReport,2019


2007

: RE

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(201

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Source: UGGDS: Implementation Roadmap

TheGovernment isbuildingcapacity inpostharvesthandling. In2019,farmerswere trained inpost-harvest technologies. Inaddition,apesti-cideresiduemonitoringplanwasdeveloped,outofwhichtwoheattreat-mentplantstomitigateaflatoxinsinsimsim,chiaseedsandcocoabeforeshipmentwereconstructedinMukono(PIRT,2020).

Asameansofreducingrelianceonrain-fedagricultureandmitigatingtheimpactofclimatechange,theGovernmentispromotingandfacilitatingirrigation, including solar powered irrigation and rainwater harvesting.Through the National Environment ManagementAuthority (NEMA), ithasengagedtheprivatesectorandcivilsocietywiththeaimofensuringthatenvironmentalconcernsare integrated in theirdevelopmentplanstofostersustainableenvironmentmanagementpractices.NEMA,LocalGovernmentsandCSOs/NGOshavebeenempoweredtofollow-uponthePresidentialdirectiveon theevictionofabusers,and tooperation-alizetheenvironmentaltribunalsthathandleenvironmentaldegradation.

Next steps • Investmentinthetourismsectortoenhanceresearchandthe

marketingofUganda’stourismpotentialaswellasconservation.

• Effectiveintegrationandmainstreamingofbiodiversityatbothnationalandlocalgovernmentlevelsduringdevelopmentplanningandbudgetingprocesses.

• Fasttrackingimplementationofpolicyandlegalreformsforbiodi-versityconservationinUganda,forexampletheNationalEnviron-mentManagementPolicyandtheNationalEnvironmentAct2019,andotherrelevantsectorpoliciesandlawssuchastheNationalGeneticEngineeringAct,2019.

• UnderNDPIII,theGovernmentwillundertakeappliedresearchandinnovationonsustainableconsumptionandproductiontoensureresource-useefficiencytoreducedomesticmaterialconsumptionpercapita.

Government has supported the private sector to ensure environmental compliance and sustainability through compliance assistance and enforcement.

This has led to the establishment of effective systems and mechanisms for environmental compliance and sustainability with industries, including:• Sugar Corporation of Uganda

Limited (SCOUL) and Kakira Sugar Works Cement (Tororo and Hima,)

• Nile and Uganda breweries

• Food processing (Britannia and Harris International)

• Oil and gas

• Uganda Battery Limited.

Internal regulatory policies and systems have been developed and new technologies acquired, e.g. effluent treatment plants (ETPs) to ensure environmental compliance. (NEMA Annual Report, 2019)


4.13 GOAL 13: CLIMATE ACTION

Indicators Reported on:13.1.2 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people13.2.1 Establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)13.3.1 Level of integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary, and tertiary curricula13.3.2 Strengthening of institutional, systemic, and individual capacity building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions.

SDG13focusesmainlyonaddressingtheneedsofdevelopingcountriestobothadapttoclimatechangeandinvestinlow-carbondevelopmentandtoimproveawarenessraising,educationandinstitutionalandhumancapacityonmitigation,impactreduction,earlywarning,andadaptationtoclimatechange.

TheGovernmentofUgandaacknowledgestheneedforrisk-informeddevelopmentasaprocessandnotanevent.Indeed, the development process considers climate changeas oneof the potential risks to sustainable devel-opment.Likemanyothercountries,Ugandahasnotbeensparedfromtheincreasingfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchasheatwaves,droughts,floods,andtropicalcyclones.Thishasaggravatedwatermanagementproblems,reducingagriculturalproductionandfoodsecurity,increasinghealthrisks,damagingcrit-icalinfrastructure,interruptingtheprovisionofbasicservicesincludingwaterandsanitation,education,energy,andtransport,andincreasingpovertyandinequality.

Uganda is ranked the15thmostvulnerableand49th least readycountry,particularly tohydro-meteorologicalhazards,83 impedingthe country’s capacity to realize its full development potential.About 7 percent and 40 percent of the country are highly andmoderately susceptible to drought, respectively. As a result, in2016 Uganda experienced prolonged droughts that have beenlargely blamed for an increase in poverty from 19.7 percent in2012/13 to 21.4 percent in 2016/17. In 2019–2020, the countryisexperiencingextremeweatherconditionsthathaveresultedinfloodingand lossof lifeandsourcesof livelihood,especially forpeople living in themountainous areas of Bududa, Bundibugyoand Kasese. The 2016 drought left over 5 million people foodinsecurewhiledivertingasignificantamountof resourcesawayfromdevelopment interventions.However, riskmanagement practices (before it happens) are scanty,with lowlevelsofriskmanagementcapacitiesatalllevels.Thecountryneedstoimproveitsadaptivecapacitiesandresil-ience.Riskandevidence-basedplanningcanbestrengthened.Effectiveinstitutionalstructuresandframeworksformanagingdisastersandrecoveryneedtobeinplaceandbackedwithproactiveinvestmentinadaptationandmitigationmeasures.Climatechangeanddisasterriskreductionconsiderationscanalsobebetterintegratedintothemanagementoftheenvironmentandnaturalresources.

83 HazardsthatUgandaisexposedtoinclude:drought,floods,landslides,earthquakes,lightening,hailstorms,windstorms,fires, conflicts, bothhumanand livestockepidemics, croppest infestations, etc– source https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/2019

During the U-report VNR survey May 2020; 7 in every 10 young people reported having experienced at least one range of climate-related effects over the last two years, the most common being: excess rain that damaged crops (29%), prolonged drought (25%) and floods and mud slides (15%). Only 47% of the young people said they were engaged in climate mitigation activities

https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/

https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/


Basedon the preamble ofAgenda2030 for sustainable development,which focuseson the plan of action forpeople, planet and prosperitythroughpeace and partnership,theGovernmentofUgandahasintegratedenviron-mentandnatural resourcesmanagement,adaptationandmitigationofclimatechange in itsNationalDevelop-mentFramework.Measuresincludetherestorationofdegradedfragileecosystemsandthepromotionofclimateactionsforecosystemandsocietyresilience(adaptationmeasures),emissionreduction(mitigationmeasures),anddisasterriskreductionandmanagement.

Whiletherearepositivestepsintermsofclimatefinanceflowsandthedevelopmentofnationallydeterminedcontri-butions, farmoreambitiousplansandacceleratedactionareneededonmitigationandadaptation.Theannualaverageeconomic losses fromclimate-relateddisastersare in thehundredsofbillionsofdollars.This isnot tomentionthehumanimpactofgeo-physicaldisasters,whichare91percentclimaterelated.SupportingvulnerableregionswilldirectlycontributenotonlytoGoal13butalsototheotherSDGs.Theseactionsmustalsogohandinhandwitheffortstointegratedisasterriskmeasures,sustainablenaturalresourcemanagementandhumansecurityinnationaldevelopmentstrategies.

Insomefragileecosystems,suchasmountainslopescoupledwithpoorlandusepractices,heavyrainsleadtolandslidesandmudslides,causinglossoflifeandlivestock,damagetoproperty,anddisruptiontotheeconomy.Forexample,in2010thelandslidesonthedeforestedslopesofMt.ElgonhadanemergencycostofUS$1.2million.By2019,anaverageof150deaths,missingpersonsanddirectlyaffectedpersonsper100,000peoplewereattributedtodisasters(OPM,2019).Itisestimatedthattherateofwetlanddegradationis70timestherestorationrate,trans-latingintodegradationof75,210ha(2–2.5percent)ofcriticalwetlandecosystemsperyear.Itisalsoprojectedthatby2040,thecountrywillhaveonly374,470ha(1.6percent)ofwetlandsleftifnoradicalmeasuresareputinplacetorestoretheir integrity.Deliberateinterventionshavebeenintroducedaimedat increasingthecountry’srapidlydecliningstockofwetlandsfromthecurrent10.9percentto12percentby2030throughtherestorationanddemar-cationofgazettedwetlands.

WhileUgandahasoneofthelowestpercapitacarbonemissions,estimatedat1.39tCO2e–farbelowtheglobalaverageofapproximately7.99tCO2e–andwithitscontributiontotheworld’stotalcarbonemissionestimatedatjust0.099percent,84 itshighvulnerability toglobalwarmingandclimatechange impacts justifies itsshort-andmedium-termfocusonmakingitsdevelopmentclimateresilient,whileatthesametimecontributingtoglobalmiti-gationefforts,anapproachthatisfullyreflectedintheStrategicProgrammeforClimateResilience.TheGovern-mentofUgandaisapartytomost internationalenvironmentalandclimatechangeagreementssuchastheUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),KyotoProtocol,UNConventiononBiologicalDiversity,theConventiontoCombatDesertificationandMontrealProtocol.It isalsopartytoseveralrelevantregionaltreatieswhichthatvaluetotheintegrationofclimatechangeindevelopmentplanning.

To date, government investments in environment and naturalmanagement, and climate change adaption/miti-gation,haveresulted inbiodiversityaccountingforUS$63.9billionperyearaspartofUganda’snaturalcapital.Between2016and2019,theforestrysub-sectorcontributed3.5percentofGDPperannum,wetlandscontinuedtoprovidedomesticwaterestimatedatUS$34millionperannum,andrain-fedagriculturecontinuedtoaccountfor75percentofemployment(withwomenprovidingover50percentoflabour).In2017/18,mainlyduetobiodiversityconservation,tourismcontributedUS$1.3billiontonationalrevenue.TheNDPIIIpredictsthistorisetoUS$2.5–3.0billionby2025.

84 MinistryofWaterandEnvironment,CCD(2015).Uganda’s IntendedNationallyDeterminedContribution (INDC,2015):SubmittedtotheConferenceofParties2015(COP21)oftheUNFCCC


Accordingtoavailablemeteorologicaldata,meancountrywideannualtemperatureshaverisenby1.3ºCsince1960,averaginga0.28ºCincreaseperdecade.Thenumberofaveragehotdaysandhotnightshasincreasedsignifi-cantly,whilethatofcolddayshasdecreased.Rainfallhasalsobecomemoreunpredictableandpoorlydistributed.Onsetsandcessationsofrainfallseasonshavebecomemoreerraticandrainfallhasbeenheavierandmoreviolentinrecentyears.Extremeweathereventssuchasdroughts,floodsandlandslidesareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.TheimpactsofclimatechangecanthereforealreadybefeltinUganda,intheagriculture,waterandenvi-ronmentsectors(UgandaNationalActionPlan–AgricultureReport,2017).Themeteorologicalobservationnetworkcoverageimprovedfrom24percentin2015/16to56percentin2017/18.ForthepurposesofbeingISOcompliant,thecountry’srecentfocushasbeenonaeronauticalmeteorologyinordertoservetheaviationindustry,whileanadditional12synopticweatherstationshavebeenestablishedinthe16climatologicalzonesacrossthecountrytostrengthennationalearlywarningsystems.

The functionalityofweatherobservationstationshas improved,with60percentof stationscountrywideopera-tionalandsubmittingdatathroughout2018/19.Also,48percentofdistrictshadfunctioningearlywarningsystemsin2018/19,upfrom28percentin2016/17.AsthecountrypreparestoenactaClimateChangeBill,theNationalDeterminedConditionsforclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationhavefocusedonagriculture(sustainablelandmanagement, climate-smart agriculture and livestock breeding), forestrywater, energy efficiency, infrastructureresilienceandsustainability,health,riskmanagement,disasterriskreductionandmanagement,andanincreaseinwetlandcoveragefrom10.9percentin2016to12percentby2030.Notably,Uganda’sambitiousNationallyDeter-minedContribution(NDC)emissionreductiontargetis22percentby2030.


4.14 GOAL 14: CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE THE OCEANS, SEAS, AND MARINE RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Indicators Reported on:14.4.1Proportionoffishstockswithinbiologicallysustainablelevels14.b.1Degreeofapplicationofalegal/regulatory/policy/institutionalframeworkwhichrecognizesandprotectsaccessrightsforsmall-scalefisheries.

Overall,15.3percentofUganda’slandareaiscoveredbyopenfreshwatersources(rivers, lakes,streamsandswamps).The country’s total renewablewater resources (TRWR)amount to 66 cu kms.Fisheriesplaya veryimportantroleasafoundationforsubsistenceandcommerciallivelihoods.LakeVictoriaisbyfarthelargestandmosteconomicallysignificantof thenationalfisheries.However,other large lakes– includingGeorge,Edward,Albert,andKyoga,alongwith theRiverNileandagreatvarietyofminor lakesaround the large lakes (usuallyreferredtoas‘satellitelakes’),swampsandstreams–alsocontributesubstantiallytotheannualnationalcatch.ItisthereforeimperativethatUgandamanagesthesewaterbodiesinamannerthatpromotesthesustainableuseoftheseresources.Fisherieslegislationandregulationhasbeenharmonized,andaBilateralAgreementbetweenUgandaandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(DRC)onFisheriesManagementandDevelopmentwassignedduringthe7thUganda–DRCJointPermanentCommission(20October2018).

Overall,fisheryactivitiesalongthevaluechaincontribute3percenttonationalGDPand12percenttoUganda’sagriculturalGDP.Fisheriesplayacritical role in thesubsistenceand livelihoodsofmanyUgandanhouseholds,employingupto1.7millionpeopledirectlyandover3.5millionindirectly.Fishisasourceoffoodfor69percentofthetotalpopulation,andaccountsforover50percentofanimalproteinfood,withpercapitaconsumptionof10kg.

It is projected that capture fisheriesproductionwill increaseby530,000metric tonsby theendof 2020,whileaquacultureproductionisprojectedto300,000metrictons.Whilefishcontinuestocontributetoforeignexchange,theMinistryofAgriculture,AnimalIndustryandFisherieshasreportedacontinueddeclineinfishproductionfrom396,205metrictonsin2015to389,244metrictonsin2016.ThisisdueinparttoincreasedenforcementbytheFisheriesProtectionUnit.

Smallpelagicfishcontinuetomakeupthemaincatch,whilethechiefcommercialspeciescaughtonallthemainwaterbodiesincludeNileperch,TilapiaandMukene .85

A2018studyofUganda’snationalgenderprofileofagricultureandrurallivelihoodsindicatesthatfishingcontinuestobethepreserveofmen,whilewomendominatefishprocessingandtradinginmostpartsofthecountry.86AroundLakeVictoria,morethanhalf(57percent)ofwomenearnanincomepurelyfromthefishtrade,while43percentcombinefishtradingwithothersmallbusinessessuchasfoodvending.Thesepercentagescontrastsharplywiththose ofmen, though the trend is the same: three-quarters (74 percent) survive purely from fishing, while 24percentearnalivingbycombiningfishingwithotherbusinesses.87Despitewomen’simportanceandcontributiontotheartisanalfishingindustry,womenhavereceivedlittleattentionfrombothgovernmentandnon-governmentalorganizations.

85 MAAIF,2017,7386 FoodandAgriculturalOrganization(2018)National Gender Profile of Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods, FAO, Kampala87 Ibid,p.15


TheGovernmentrecognizesthatadequatewaterresourcesarepivotalintheindustrializationofUgandaandthecreationofjobs,especiallyinthefrontlinesectorsofthenationaleconomy.88Ugandacontinuestofacechallengesrelatingtowaterqualityandpollution.Theseincludewaterbornediseases,increasesinsomeformsofcancer,theincreasedcostoftreatingdrinkingwater,theemergenceofweedssuchaswaterhyacinth,reducedfisheriesandimpairedwatertransport.89TheGovernmentisthereforeworkingontheregulationofwaterandsanitationservicestoensureabalancebetweenthecommercialobjectivesofefficientandsustainableserviceprovision,andthesocialobjectiveofprovidingaccessibleandaffordablewaterandsewerageservicesinruralandurbanareas.

Currentgovernmenteffortsfocuson:decreasingthelevelofpollutioninthelargewaterbodies;developingandimplementingecosystemmanagementandrestorationplans;andrestorationofthedegradedfragileecosystems(riverbanks,barehills,rangelandsandlakeshores).

Overthelast23years,wetlandscoveragehasdeclinedasaresultofincreasedpressurescausedbypopulationexplosion,industrialization,waterstressandclimatechangeeffects.Itisestimatedthatthecountryloses846km2ofitswetlandsannually,90andthattherateofwetlanddegradationis70timestherestorationrate,translatingintodegradationof75,210ha(2–2.5%)ofcriticalwetlandecosystemsperyear.Itisprojectedthatby2040,thecountrywillhavewithonly374,470ha(1.6%)ofwetlandsifnoradicalmeasuresareputinplacetorestoretheirintegrity.91

Someoftheinterventionsaimedat increasingthecountry’srapidlydecliningstockofwetlandsfromthecurrent10.9percentto12percentby2030andachievingSDG14includethedemarcation,restorationandgazettingofwetlands,andimplementinglegalandgovernancemechanismsforsustainablewetlandsmanagement.

Keyachievementsreportedin2019include:restorationof293.28haofdegradedwetlandsin9districts;demar-cationof185.4kmofwetlandboundariesdemarcatedin8districts;restorationof150haofdegradedriverbanksinMabiraCFRandbetweenIsimbaandOwenFalls;surveyinganddemarcationof42.7kmoftheExtendedKala-galaFallsShoreline;ongoingconstructionof5irrigationschemesinDoho-II(58.9%),Ngenge(64.8%),Mubuku-II(36.5%),Tochi(72.3%)andWadelai(29%);andthedistributionof4,293,404treeseedlingsinthe5irrigationcatch-mentsunderconstruction,tofacilitaterestorationofapproximately4,293haand120kmsofriverbanks.92

88 GAPR2019,p.8289 GAPR2019,p.8490 Ibid,p.1591 Ibid,p.1692 Seevariousagencypresentationsatthe2018JointSectorReviewathttps://www.mwe.go.ug/library/jsr-2019-presentations

andtheGAPR2019fordetailsofthesereportednumbers.

https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/jsr-2019-presentations


4.15 GOAL 15: PROTECT, RESTORE AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE USE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, SUSTAINABLY MANAGE FORESTS, COMBAT DESERTIFICATION, HALT AND REVERSE LAND DEGRADATION AND HALT BIODIVERSITY LOSS


15.1.1Forestareaasaproportionoftotallandarea15.7.1Proportionoftradedwildlifethatwaspoachedorillicitlytrafficked

Thetotal forest reservearea inUganda isestimatedat1,277,684hectares,ofwhich99.6percent is located in506CentralForestReserveswhile therest isonLocalForestReserves.Between2016and2019, the forestrysub-sectorcontributed3.5percentofGDPperannum.Uganda’sforestsprovide88percentofthecountry’senergy,61percentoftourismincome,andjobsforabout1millionpeople.93

Thecountryisfacingasignificantthreattoitsforestcover,whichhasdeclinedfrom24percent(or4.9millionha)in1990to9percent(1.83millionha)in2018,accountingforalossof(lossof3millionha)injust25years.Studiesindicatethattherewillbenoforestsleftin40yearsifcurrenttrendscontinue.94

Thisextentofdegradationislargelyattributedtooverrelianceonbiomassforenergy.Evidencefromthe2016/17NationalHouseholdSurveyindicatesthatfirewoodandcharcoalconstitutethemainfuelforcookingfor94percentofhouseholds–64percentfirewoodand29.8percentcharcoal.95

Otherdriversofdegradationinclude,butarenotlimitedto,thegrowingdemandforagricultural land,populationpressure,urbanization,andincomepoverty.Additionally,existingpenaltiesandenforcementmechanismsareinad-equatetoaddressincreasingdeforestation.

Toavertdegradation,theGovernmenthasputinplaceseveralpolicies,legalandinstitutionalbodiestopromotetheconservationandsustainableuseofforestresources.Theseinclude:theNationalForestryPolicy2001;NationalForestryandTreePlantingAct2003; theForestrySectorSupportDepartment; theNationalForestryAuthority;DistrictForestryServices;andenforcementmeasures through theEnvironmentalProtectionPoliceUnit.About3,500haofdegradednaturalforestshavebeenrestored,about5,400haofthe60,000allocatedtocommercialtreeplantationsestablished,and950kmofexternalboundariesresurveyedandmarked.However,restorationhasnotkeptpacewiththeannuallossofforestcoverandlossofindividualtrees.Theseeffortswerecombinedwiththeaimtoreach6.5millionhouseholdswithefficientcharcoalandwoodstovesby2017,toreducetheamountofwoodandcharcoalusedforcooking.

93 GAPR,201994 See http://envalert.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ENR-CSO-Network-Engagements-31July2019.pdf95 Firewood and charcoal combined constitute themain fuel for cooking for over 94 percent of households in Uganda.

Three-quartersofhouseholds(75percent)usefirewoodforcookingwhileoneineveryfivehouseholds(21percent)usecharcoal.

http://envalert.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ENR-CSO-Network-Engagements-31July2019.pdf


4.16 GOAL 16: PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS


16.1.1Numberofvictimsofintentionalhomicideper100,000population,bysexandage16.1.4Proportionofpopulationthatfeelsafewalkingalonearoundtheareatheylive

16.2.1Proportionofchildrenaged1–17yearswhoexperiencedanyphysicalpunishmentand/orpsychologicalaggressionbycaregiversinthepastmonth

16.2.2Numberofvictimsofhumantraffickingper100,000population,bysex,ageandformofexploitation

16.2.3Proportionofyoungwomenandmenaged18‐29yearswhoexperiencedsexualviolencebyage18

16.3.1Proportionofvictimsofviolenceintheprevious12monthswhoreportedtheirvictimizationtocompetentauthoritiesorotherofficiallyrecognizedconflictresolutionmechanisms

16.3.2Unsentenceddetaineesasaproportionofoverallprisonpopulation16.5.1Proportionofpersonswhohadatleastonecontactwithapublicofficialandwhopaidabribetoapublicofficial,orwereaskedforabribebythosepublicofficials,duringtheprevious12months

16.6.1Primarygovernmentexpendituresasaproportionoforiginalapprovedbudget,bysector(orbybudgetcodesorsimilar)

16.6.2Proportionofthepopulationsatisfiedwiththeirlastexperienceofpublicservices16.7.1Proportionsofpositions(bysex,age,personswithdisabilitiesandpopulationgroups)inpublicinstitutions(nationalandlocallegislatures,publicservice,andjudiciary)comparedtonationaldistributions

16.7.2Proportionofpopulationwhobelievedecision-makingisinclusiveandresponsive,bysex,age,disabilityandpopulationgroup

16.9.1Proportionofchildrenunder5yearsofagewhosebirthshavebeenregisteredwithacivilauthority,byage

16.b.1Proportionofpopulationreportinghavingpersonallyfeltdiscriminatedagainstorharassedintheprevious12monthsonthebasisofagroundofdiscriminationprohibitedunderinternationalhumanrightslaw

Uganda’seffortstowardsachievingSDG16havecentredon:consolidatingthepeaceandsafetyofpeopleandproperty;wideninganddeepeningaccesstojustice,lawandorderservices;thedevelopmentandfundingofspecialprogrammestargetinggender,age,povertyandother formsofvulnerability;andtacklingcorruptionandhumanrights violations.

Whilethehomicideratestagnatedatabout12per100,000between2014and2019,thecountryhasregisteredimprovementsinseveralareas.Forinstance,overthesameperiodtherewasa4.7percentdecreaseinmurderbyshooting,a12.3percentdropincasesofpoisoning,andasmall(0.5percent)reductionincasesofdomesticviolence.96

Feelings of safety during the daytime improved from 51 percent in 2013 to 94.3 percent 201797 but, despitesome improvement, remained lower for nighttime (60.6percent) over the sameperiod.98 The proportion of the population that feels safe walking alone around the area where they live increased to 61 percent in 2017.99

Performanceonthisindicatorwashigherformen(65percent)thanitwasforwomen(55percent).Forbothcate-gories,feelingsafewasmorepronouncedduringdaytimethannighttime.

96 AnnualCrimeReport201997 UBOS(2017)ReportoftheNationalGovernancePeaceandSecuritySurvey2017,UBOSandUNWomen,Kampala98 Ibid,p.9799 NationalGovernance,PeaceandSecuritySurvey(NGPSS,2017)


Overall,reportedcasesofchild-relatedoffences100declinedfrom 18,140 in 2015 to 10,596 in 2019.The proportion ofchildrenwho experienced any physical punishment and/orpsychologicalaggressionbycaregiversstoodat84.9percentin2016.About32percentofgirlsand41.9percentofboyswhoencounteredviolencewereawareofavailableservices.However,only10.2percentofgirlsand11.8percentofboysinthiscategorysoughthelp,andonly8.2percentofgirlsand10.8percentofboysreceivedservices.101

In 2016, about 25 percent of girls and 11 percent of boysaged 13–17 years reported that they had been subjectedtosexual violence in thepast year, largelyperpetuatedbyneighboursandstrangers.102Thefrequencyofsexualviolencewashighestonroads,followedbyownhomeandschool.Amongwomenandmenaged15–49whoexperiencedphysicalorsexualviolenceandsoughthelp,themostcommonsourceofsupportwastheirownfamily(57percentwomen,40percentmen),husband’s/partner’sfamily(31percentwomen),andpolice(23percentmen,16percentwomen).Menaremorelikelythanwomentoseekhelpfrommedicalpersonnel(18percentversus5percent)orafriend(18percentversus8percent).

Aroundone-third(35percentofthepopulation–32percentwomen,39percentmen)reportedhavingfeltdiscrim-inated against or harassed.103Overall,itisestimatedthatapproximately48percentofvictimsofviolencein2016reportedtocompetentauthoritiesorotherofficiallyrecognizedconflictresolutionmechanisms.JusticeinstitutionscontinuetostrengthentheircapacitytohandlecasesofGBVandtoensureperpetratorsareheldaccountable.TheproportionofGBVcases(Rape,defilementandDomesticViolence)takentocourtincreasedby5.8%from7,376in2018to7,810in2019,whilea0.5%declinewasregisteredinthenumberofcasespendingincourtfrom5,510in2018to5,537in2019.Similarly,GBVcasespendinginvestigationdecreasedby13.5%from12,467in2018to10,776in2019.

Refugeescontinuedtofacesignificantchallengesinaccessingjustice,especiallyinremoteareaswherethepresenceofthejudiciaryandpolice is limitedornon-existent. In2018,some64,539individualsincludingthoseforSGBVreceivedsupporttoaccess legalassistanceand legal remedies,although trialdelays occurred, especially for cases before theHighCourtandtheChiefMagistratesCourt.

Thecountrystillfaceschallengesinhumantrafficking.Victimsof trafficking inhumansper100,000persons increased from0.3in2014to1.2in2019.Ofthe455casesregisteredin2019,71wereinvolvedininternaltrafficking(54femalejuveniles,13malejuveniles,4femaleadults)while384weretransnational(42femalejuveniles,2malejuveniles,314femaleadults,26maleadults).104

Whilethecountrystill facessignificantchallengesinclearinga backlog of cases, the implementation of plea bargainingandotherexpeditedcourtproceedings ishelping toaddressthe problem. Between 2017/18 and 2018/19, the proportionofprisonersonremandreducedfrom51.4percentinto47.7percent, respectively.Theaverage lengthofstayon remandalsoreducedslightlyfrom19.5monthsto18monthsduringthesameperiod.

100 UgandaPoliceForcecategorizeschildrelatedoffencesas:childneglect,childdesertion,childstealing,childtrafficking,kidnap,childabuse/torture,infanticide,andabortion

101 VACS,2018102 UDHS 2016103 UBOS(2017)Report of The National Governance Peace and Security Survey2017,UBOSandUNWomen,Kampala104 Uganda Police Force, Annual Crime Reports 2014 -2019

Local Council Court (LCCs), forming a part of the local government machinery operate as the court of first instance for matters arising out of land disputes, civil matters and matters of juvenile justice… If LCCs are adequately capacitated… they can prove fundamental in ensuring access to justice, reduce pressure and mitigate issues of case backlog in higher courts. Citizen’s voice

Currently, state funded legal aid is only dispensed at a few Justice Centres housed within a few Magistrate Courts and one High Court that only offer legal aid for criminal matters. Magistrate courts are not easily accessible as only 18.2 percent of the people in rural areas have access to a Magistrate Court within a 5 km distance and the scope of legal aid provided is insufficient as civil matters are not included. While some non-state actors and non-governmental organizations also offer legal aid, rural communities are often left outside the radius of service. Passing of the Legal Aid Act or a Legal Aid policy is imperative to reach the farthest behind. Citizen’s voice


TheGovernmenthasremainedsteadfastinitsfightagainstcorruption,butthisfightrequiresthecommitmentofcitizensaswell.In2016,16percentofpeople(13percentwomen,21percentmen)reportedthattheyhadpaidorwereaskedtopayabribebyapublicofficial.105Mostpaidbribestohealthandpolicepublicinstitutions,mainlytospeedupaccesstoservicesortoclearoffences.

TABLE 9: EXTRACT ON INDICATOR 16.5 FROM THE NATIONAL GOVERNANCE PEACE AND SECURITY SURVEY (NGPSS) 2017

SDG TARGET 16.5: SUSTAINABILITY AND BRIBERY IN ALL FORMS16.5.1 – Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

16% 21% 13% 21% 15%

Bribery happens most often with: 1.Healthcare system 43% 35% 54% 42% 44%2. Police 41% 49% 29% 41% 40%3. Education system 6% 5% 7% 7% 5%

Source: NGPSS, 2017

AsseeninTable9,severalrespondentsreportedthatbriberyhappensmostlyinhealthcaresystems(43percent–35percentmen,54percentwomen,42percentinurbanareas,44percentinrural).Withthepolice,thenumberwashighestformeninurbanareas(49percentmen,29percentwomen).Itisclearthatbriberyisstillrampant.Otherstudies indicate thatbriberyexists inplaceswhere thecriminal justicesystemandgovernment isweak,wheredecisionmakingisunaccountable,andwhereaccesstodecisionmakersdependsonsocialcontacts.Theexistenceofbriberyandcorruption,particularly inpublic institutions, implies that theservicespeopleshouldbegettingforfreeoratsubsidizedpricesarebeingpaidfor,whetherincashorinkind.Thismeansthatonlythosewhoarefinanciallyablecanaccesstheservicesofferedbytheseinstitutions,denyingpeopletheirhumanrights.Asaresult,thepubliclosestrustintheinstitutionswhichgreatlyaffectstheirperformance.Itplacesthemopentotheaccusationofnotbeingtransparentandaccountabletothepeopleundertheirjurisdiction.ThiswillnegativelyaffecttheattainmentofSDG16andallSDGs,becausesomepeoplewillbeleftbehindanddiscriminatedagainst.

SincetheRegistrationofPersonsAct(2015),106whichrequiresallchildrentoberegisteredimmediatelyaftertheyareborn,andthecreationoftheNationalIdentificationandRegistrationAuthority,birthregistrationofchildrenagedunder5yearshasgoneupfrom18percentfemaleand17.3percentmalein2013to32.2percentforbothfemalesandmalesin2016.107Nofeesarechargedforregistration.WithinthecontextofnationalplanningandstrategiesforachievingtheSDGs,awell-developedandfunctioningcivilregistrationsystemforallvitalevents,includingbirths,marriagesanddeaths,andtheissuingofrelevantcertificatesasproofofsuchregistration,iscritical.Uganda’scivilregistrationprocesswillpromoteefficientgovernmentplanning,effectiveresourceuse,andaccuratemonitoringofprogresstowardsachievingtheSDGsandNationalDevelopmentGoalsandTargets.

Ugandauses theGPS-SHaSA108questionasproxy forSDG indicator16.6.2:How well do you think your local council is handling the following: delivering local services? Results fromtheNGPSSindicatethatnationally66percentfeltlocalcouncilsweredoingwell(women67percent,men65percent).The2015NationalServiceDeliverySurvey(NSDS)collectsdataonhouseholds’experienceswithwhatisreferredtoas‘resourcemanagement’.Thevariablesindicatehowpeopleratedthemselvesintermsofparticipatinginselectedpublicserviceareas,asshowninthetablebelow.

105 UBOS(2017)Report of the National Governance Peace and Security Survey 2017106 ThefullActishere107 See UDHS 2013 and 2016108 GPS-SHaSAreferstoGovernance,PeaceandSecurity(GPS)StrategyfortheHarmonizationofStatisticsinAfrica(SHaSA

2).ThisisapioneeringefforttoincludethedomainofGovernance,PeaceandSecurityinofficialstatistics.Themethod-ologyhasbeenpilot-testedin16countriesandmoduleswillmonitorprogressinmeetingAspirations3(onGoodGover-nance)and4(onPeaceandSecurity)oftheAU’sAgenda2063andtheUN’sSDG16.Formoreinformationvisitwww.austat.org

http://www.austat.org

http://www.austat.org


TABLE 10: HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (%)

Involved Fairly Involved Not Involved

Monit

oring

and

evalu

ation

20154 5 91

20085 6 89

Value

for

Mone

yAu

dits

20153 3 94

20083 4 92

Plan

ning f

or

Deve

lopme

nt Pr

ojects

20157 6 86

20088 9 83

Prac

ticing

the

Deve

lopme

nt Pr

ojects

20158 8 84

200810 12 78

Identi

fying

the

Deve

lopme

nt Pr

ojects

201511 10 79

200812 16 72

Source: NSDS, 2015

Table10aboveshowsthat11percentofhouseholdsreportedthattheyhadparticipatedinidentifyingdevelopmentprojects;8percentinprioritizingthedevelopmentprojects;4percentinthemonitoringandevaluationofdevelop-mentprojects;and3percentin“valueformoneyaudits”.Thisindicatesthateveninareaswhichrelatetogeneraldevelopment,thelevelofparticipationneedstobeimprovedifUgandaistobeontrackfortheattainmentofSDG16.

Onthe“proportionofpopulationwhobelievedecision-makingisinclusiveandresponsive,bysex,ageanddisability,thestatisticsindicatethat29percentbelievedecisionmakingisinclusive(30percentwomen,28percentmen).Thesefiguressuggestthatthemajorityofpeopledonothaveconfidenceinthedecision-makingprocesses.Thesefindings can be related to the analysis that has beenmade by theworld values surveywhich concluded thatpeople’sprioritiesshift fromsurvival toself-expressionvaluesas theirsenseof individualagency increases (orbackwardsfromself-expressionvaluestosurvivalasthesenseofindividualagencydecreases).109 The low levels ofbeliefthattheyarepartofthedecision-makingprocesscouldbeattributedtothehighlevelsofdeprivationandneedasdiscussedearlierunderSDG2.

Uganda’sinstitutionalframeworksemphasizeinclusivityintheplanningandimplementationofgovernmentpriori-ties,butmoreeffortisrequiredtoensurethatcitizensfullyparticipateandfeelpartofallprocesses.About29percentofthepopulation(30percentfemale,28percentmale)believethatdecisionmakingisinclusiveandresponsive.AsFigure27belowindicates,nationally,20percentofthepopulationaged18yearsandabovehadparticipatedinplanningmeetingsforservicedeliveryatvillagelevelinthe12monthsprecedingthesurvey(men24percent,women16percent).Participationinplanningmeetingswaslowerinruralareas(22percent)thaninurbanareas(25percent),andhighestinWesternregion(25percent)andlowestinKampala(15percent).Thedataavailabledoesnotdisaggregatetheissuesatthelevelofdisability,thereforeitisnotpossibletoseetheextentthat“themarginal-izedorofthoseleftfurthestbehind”areexcluded.

109 SeeanalysisofthefindingoftheWorldValuesSurveyhere:http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jspaccessed20November2019

http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp


FIGURE 27: PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING MEETINGS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY AT VILLAGE LEVEL (%)

Figure 27: Participation in planning meetings for Service Delivery at village level

25 24.3

15.8

Male Female 31-59 60+ Urban Rural Kampala Central Eastern Nothern Western18-30

SEX

PERC

ENTA

GE

AGE RESIDENCE REGION UGANDA

15.8

21.2

24.922.3

14.6

24.1

15.213.9

25.0

19.720

15

10

5

0

Source: NGPSS, 2017

According to the 2017NGPSS, 66 percent of the populationwas satisfiedwith their last experience of publicservices(67percentfemale,and65percentmale).However,35percentofrespondentsfeltdiscriminatedagainst(32percentwomen,39percentmen).110Thetablebelowshowsthetypesofdiscriminationasreportedbyvariousindividualsbysexandareaofresidence.

TABLE 11: PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION BY SEX AND AREA OF RESIDENCE

CHARACTERISTIC OF RESPONDENTTYPE OF DISCRIMINATION MALE FEMALE URBAN RURAL UGANDAPoverty or wealth 74.1 71.8 77.3 71.1 72.9Political affiliation 64.4 58.2 66.8 58.8 61.1Ethnicity/Language 60.4 56.1 65.6 55.1 58.1Regional origin 46.3 43.3 51.5 42.0 44.7Religion 44.6 42.5 49.1 41.2 43.4Disability 42.6 41.8 48.5 39.7 42.2Sex 39.5 40.3 44.1 38.3 40.0Nationality 35.8 34.2 38.1 33.7 34.9Any discrimination 83.0 79.0 85.6 78.9 80.8No discrimination 17.0 21.0 14.4 21.1 19.2

Source: NGPSS 2017

TwoaspectsofdiscriminationstandoutinTable11–povertyandpoliticalaffiliation.Morethanthree-quarters((77percent)ofurbandwellerscitedpoverty-relateddiscrimination,whileintheareasitwasslightlyless(71percent).Politicalaffiliationandethnicityalso rankedveryhighat66.8percent inurbanand58.8percent in ruralareas.Therewerenotrendsdataavailable,thereforewecannotreportprogressinanyoftheseindicators.Butthedataclearlyindicatestheneedformoreworktobedonetoensurethatcitizensdonotfeeldiscriminatedagainstwithinthecontextofthe“leavenoonebehind”principleoftheSDGs.In2016,UgandawasreviewedforthesecondtimeundertheUniversalPeriodicReview,apeermechanismundertheHumanRightsCouncil.Ugandareceived226recommendations,outofwhich148wereacceptedand78noted.TheSDGHumanRightsDataExplorer gives usefulanalysisthatindicatesthatduringtheUniversalPeriodicReviewUgandaagreedtocreateaparliamentaryprocesstoensurethatitslawsconformwiththecountry’sinternationalcommitmentsinthefieldofhumanrights.111 SinceeveryStateispartytoahumanrightstreatyprohibitingdiscriminationonthebasisofsexand/orprotectingequality betweenmen andwomen,Uganda needs to continue on its journey of ensuring that citizens are notdiscriminatedagainstonanybasis.

110 UBOS(2017)Report of The National Governance Peace and Security Survey 2017,UBOSandUNWomen,Kampala111 SeeanalysisofUniversalPeriodicReviewandSDGsintheSDGHumanRightsDataExplorerhere

https://sdgdata.humanrights.dk/en/explorer?country=1008&mechanism=UPR&sdg=106519&group=All&target=All&treaty=All&procedure=All&response=All&cycle=All&year=&year_end=&keywords=&recomtype=1032&historic=All

https://sdgdata.humanrights.dk/en/explorer?country=1008&mechanism=UPR&sdg=106519&group=All&target=All&treaty=All&procedure=All&response=All&cycle=All&year=&year_end=&keywords=&recomtype=1032&historic=All


4.17 GOAL 17: STRENGTHEN THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND REVITALIZE THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Indicators Reported on: 17.1.1TotalgovernmentrevenueasaproportionofGDP17.1.2ProportionofDomesticBudgetFundedbyDomesticTaxes17.3.2VolumeofremittancesasaproportionoftotalGDP17.4.1Debtserviceasaproportionofexportsofgoodsandservices17.8.1ProportionofindividualsusingtheInternet

Effective development cooperation remains important in supporting Uganda’s long-term development progress.Thepoliticaleconomyandrecentevolutionof thepartnershipandcoordinationstructures inUgandaarecloselytiedtothreeapproximateperiods,theBudgetSupportperiod(1998–2012),theNDPIperiod(2010/11–2014/15)andtheNDPIIperiod(2014/15–2019/20).

UgandaneedsmoresubstantialdevelopmentfinanceasitmovesintoimplementationofNDPIII,withmorefocusonacceleratingprogressonthe2030Agenda.Inthemediumterm,thisislikelytobeprovidedbyamixofdomesticrevenue,internationalfinancialsupportfromtraditionaloverseasdevelopmentassistance(ODA)andbeyond,theprivatesector,andcivilsociety,amongothers.

Thecountryhasregisteredgainsindomesticrevenuemobilization,manifestedbytheincreaseintheTax-to-GDPratio from11.1percent in2016 to12.6percent in2018/19 (Figure28),andprojected increase to16.5percentin2024/25.TheDomesticRevenueMobilizationStrategy (2019/20–2023/24) isguidingGovernmentonhow toleveragedifferentsourcesoffinancingtoexpandonitsresourcemobilization.

TheGovernment’scontinuedeffortstomobilizedomesticresourceshaveledtoanincreaseintheproportionofdomesticbudget fundedbydomestic taxes from87.8percent in2016 to88.9percent in2019,albeitstill lowerthanthe92.5percentrecordedin2018(seeFigure28).Despitethisprogress,significantbudgetarychallengespersist.Between2015/16and2017/18,fiscaldeficitasapercentageofGDPwasabout4.8percent,112resultingintheexpansionofdomesticborrowing,theshorttimematurityofwhichplacesadditionalpressureonthebudget.Includingexternal financing,Uganda’s debt-to-GDP ratio rose from26.2 percent in 2014/15 to 36.1 percent in2018/19.

FIGURE 28: PROPORTION OF DOMESTIC BUDGET FUNDED BY DOMESTIC TAXESFigure 28: Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes

88.2% 87.8% 88.9% 92.5% 88.9%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

112 Domesticrevenuein2018wasUS$4.133billioncomparedwithgovernmentspendingofUS$5.99billion,basedontheaverageof2017/18expectedoutturnsand2018/19projectedoutturns.Source:2018/19ApprovedBudgetEstimates -seepage1,Table1FiscalFrameworkofhttp://budget.go.ug/budget/sites/default/files/Nationalpercent20Budgetpercent20docs/Approvedpercent20Budgetpercent20Estimatespercent202018-19percent20Volumepercent201..pdf

http://budget.go.ug/%20budget/sites/default/files/National%20Budget%20%20docs/Approved%20Budget%20Estimates%202018-%2019%20Volume%201..pdf

http://budget.go.ug/%20budget/sites/default/files/National%20Budget%20%20docs/Approved%20Budget%20Estimates%202018-%2019%20Volume%201..pdf


Theincreaseinexternaldebttofinancekeyflagshipprojects113hascreatedabigdebtserviceburden.Debtserviceas a percentageof domestic revenuehas increased from11.1 percent in 2015 to about 16.9 percent in 2019andisprojectedtoaccountfor23percentoftheNDPIIIbudgetby2024/25.However,overall,Ugandaisatlowdebtrisk,owinginparttothestrongdebtpolicyframeworks.Governmentborrowingisguidedbythe2013PublicDebtManagementFrameworkthatisoperationalizedbytheMedium-TermDebtStrategy.Theframeworkseekstoensurethatthecountry’spublicdebtstockiswithinthemanageablerate.

Progressontheproportionofthepopulationwithaccesstotheinternethasbeenslow.In2016,15.6percentofthepopulationusedtheinternet,andtheratesweredisproportionatelylowerforfemales(8.6percent)thanmales (22.5percent),114 signifyinga largedigitaldivide.Overall, four inevery ten people cited lack of confidence, knowledge, or skills as themajor reason for not using the internet. Limitation of access to digitalconnectivityiscompoundedbylowlevelsofownershipofmobilephones,at52percentofadults.Menaresignificantlymorelikelytohavemobilephones(58percent)andaccesstotheinternet(13percent)thanwomen(phone:46percent;internet:8percent).

Intheareaofdomesticresourcemobilization,Uganda’sdataonindicator17.1.1–totalgovernmentrevenueasaproportionofGDP,bysource–significantprogresshasbeenachieved.Studiesshowthatoverthelast7yearsthetaxrevenuetoGDPratiohasimprovedfrom11.7percentinFY1999/00to14.3percentin2018/19.115However,domesticrevenuetoGDPratioremainslowat14.4percentcomparedtothe21percentaverageforsub-SaharanAfrica.116Studiesalsoreportsignificantweaknessesintaxadministrationandcompliance,withtheWorldBankesti-matingrevenuelossesof2.5percentofGDPduetoVATexemptions.117ItisarguedthatifVATexemptionsweretobeabolished,theNDPIIrevenuetoGDPtargetof16percentwouldhavebeenachievedevenwithintheNDPIIperiod.Efforts to increasedomestic revenuecollectionare furtherunderminedby the largesizeof the informalsector,whichexpertsestimatedtobemorethan35percentofGDP.118Theincrementalimprovementsintheperiod2017to2019aretheresultofalargesetofsmallertaxmeasures,includingtaxrateincreasesandtheintroductionofnewtaxmeasuressuchasthemobilemoneylevy,ataxonsocialmediause(OTTtax),andadutyoncookingoil.119Studiesindicatethat,fromarevenuegeneratingperspective,themobilemoneylevyandthedutyoncookingoilwere successful.TheOTT tax, however, generated far less revenue than expected, due to implementationissues.120

Intermsoftaxperformance,thereisaclearpositiveimpactcreatedbythegrowthofVATandexciseduty.Incometaxandcorporatetaxarealsogrowingbutveryminimallybecauseofchallengesrelatedtocomplianceandenforce-mentaswellasdisputesresolution.Theinternationaltrade-relatedtaxesaregoingdownbecauseoftheloweringoftariffsandrelatedtradebarriersrelatedtoregionalintegrationintheEastAfricanCommunity(EAC)andCommonMarketforEasternandSouthernAfrica(COMESA).121

113 Forexample,IsimbaHydroPowerproject,theJinjaNilebridge,andKampala-EntebbeExpresshighwayamongothers,114 UNHS,2016/17115 NPA,2019116 Ibid,p.20117 See https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uganda/overview118 UKAIDandCitiesAlliance(2013)Uganda:TheRoleoftheInformalEconomyinCityGrowth,PolicyBrief,Universityof

Westminster,London119 ChristianHiddink,JonathanWolsey,GeraldTwijukyeandCorradoMinardi(2019)Development Finance Assessment of

Uganda,UNDP,Kampala120 Ibid,p.48121 Ibid,50

However, access to internet among the youth aged 15–30 is still highest (70%) in Kampala with a national average of 66% and lower (57%) in Teso region. U-report VNR survey, May 2020

https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uganda/overview


FIGURE 29: GOVERNMENT REVENUE BREAKDOWN (% GDP)Figure 29: Government Revenue Breakdown (% GDP)

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16* 2016/17* 0

Income Tax (individuals)VATOther taxes on international trade

Excise TaxOther

Corporate Tax

Total

Source: Development Finance Assessment of Uganda Report, 2017

DataonODAinUgandashowsanupwardtrendasashareofGDP.Thisismostlyattributedtoinflowsrelatedtorefugeehostingcostsbythecountry.122OtherpartnersprovidingsignificantODAfinancingincludetheWorldBank,DFID,USAIDandGlobalFundinthesectorsofeducationandhealth.Overall,Uganda’smaindonorsinclude:theUSA,WorldBank,UK,AfDB,EU,andtheUNasshowninFigure30below.

FIGURE 30: MAIN DONORS TO UGANDA (US$ MILLIONS)Figure 30: Main Donors to Uganda (US$ millions)

800

600

400

200

02008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

United StatesUnited KingdomAfrican Development Bank, TotalUnited Nations, TotalNorway

World Bank Group, TotalEU InstitutionsJapanDenmarkGermany

Source: Development Finance Assessment of Uganda Report, 2017

TheofficialdevelopmentassistanceandSouth-Southcooperationasaproportionoftotaldomesticbudgetshowscontinuedprogressandgrowth.Studiesindicatethat,Ugandaisoneofthecountriesthatattractthemostforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)inEastAfrica.FDIflowstoUgandaaccountedforUS$1.3billionin2018,anincreasefromUS$803millionin2017.FDIstockalsogrewtoUS$13.333billionin2018(estimatedat47.4percentoftheGDP).123 Currently,10countriesdominatetheFDIinflowsandtheyprovide85.5percentofthetotalFDIstockinthecountry.

122 DFA,2019123 See https://www.nordeatrade.com/dk/explore-new-market/uganda/investment

https://www.nordeatrade.com/dk/explore-new-market/uganda/investment


ThelargestvolumeofinvestmentscomesfromtheNetherlands,UK,FranceandSwitzerland.124Themining,quar-rying,oilandgassectorhasalsoattractedseveralinvestorsfromFrance,theUnitedStates,BritainandChina.125 Theseinvestmentsareclusteredintheminingandquarrying,andoilandgassectors.126

Overthepast20years,remittanceinflowsinUgandahavebeenincreasingsteadilywhileoutflowshaveremainedrelativelystable.UgandahadoverUS$1billionflowingintothecountryin2016.Itisthesixth-highestrecipientofremittancesinAfrica.127Especiallyoverthepastthreeyears,inflowshaverisensharplywithanaverageincreaseof13percentperyear–almostdoublethegrowthininflowsintoneighbouringKenya.Inflowsin2016addedtheequivalentofaround4percenttoUganda’sGDP,makingremittancesavitalsourceofcapitalforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.128Figure31 belowsummarizestheremittancetrendsforUganda.

FIGURE 31: REMITTANCE INFLOWS TO UGANDA

REM

ITTA

NCE V

ALUE

IN M

ILLI

ON U

SD

1998

199 9

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

In�ows

Out�ows

No Data

0

Source: FDS Africa, 2018

Uganda’spublicsectordebthasgrownfromUS$8.4billioninFY2015/16toUS$9.4billioninFY2016/17.Thiswaslargelydrivenbyanincreaseinexternaldebt.ExternaldebtincreasedfromUS$5.2billioninFY2015/16toUS$6.2billioninFY2016/17,whilethestockofdomesticdebtinUSdollarsremainedunchangedatUS$3.2billion.129 Analyticalreportspointoutthatsignificantrisksareapparent,especiallyrelatedtonon-debtvariables,particularlyinterestratesandtheexchangerate.ThisimpliesthatUgandaneedstocontinueborrowingonconcessionaltermsasmuchaspossible.TheslowgrowthinexportswillbeachallengebecausethisisanimportantsourceofforeignexchangewhichGovernmentusestoservicedebtobligations.Figure32showstrendsintheevolutionofexternaldebtinUganda.

124 DFA,2019125 BankofUganda(2017)Private Sector Investment Survey 2017,BoU,Kampala126 Ibid,p.87127 FDSAfricaandUKAID(2018)Exploring barriers to remittances in sub Saharan Africa series: Volume 3: Remittances in

Uganda,FDSAfrica,Bellville,SouthAfrica128 WorldDevelopmentIndicators,2016129 MinistryofFinance,PlanningandEconomicDevelopment(2017)Debt Sustainability Analysis Report 2016/17,MoFPED,

Kampala


FIGURE 32: EVOLUTION OF EXTERNAL DEBT

2005

/6

2006

/7

2007

/8

2008

/9

2016

/17

2009

/10

2013

/14

2010

/11

2011

/12

2012

/13

2014

/15

2015

/16

US$ B

ILLI

ONS

% O

F GDP

10.5

9.5

8.5

7.5

60

50

40

30

20

10

6.5

5.5

4.5

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

External Debt Domestic Debt Norminal Debt/GDP

Source: Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development

Ugandahascontinuedtoharnessthedigitaltransformationoftheeconomy.

AsurveybyFinScope2018,revealedthat52percentofadults(9.7million)havemobilephonesand10percent(1.9million)haveaccesstotheinternet.Maleadultsaresignificantlymorelikelytohavemobilephones(58percent;5million)thanfemaleadults(46percent;4.6million).Maleadultsarealsomorelikelytohaveaccesstotheinternet(13%;1.1million)thanfemaleadults(8%;0.8million).Adultslivinginruralareasaresignificantlylesslikelytohavemobilephonesandaccesstotheinternetthanadultslivinginurbanareas.Figure33belowsummarizesthefindingsbasedonthe2018Survey.

FIGURE 33: MOBILE PHONE OWNERSHIP AND INTERNET ACCESS

Mobile Phone Ownership

46%

70%

52%

5%

25%

10%

Internet Access

% Of Rural Adults % Urban Adults % All Adults

Source: FinScope, 2018


ThereissignificantprogressreportedinUgandaonthedollarvalueoffinancialandtechnicalassistance(includingthroughNorth-South,South-Southandtriangularcooperation)committedtodevelopingcountries.Conceptually,studies indicate thatSouth-SouthDevelopmentCooperation (SSDC) isan importantdimensionof internationaldevelopmentcooperation.ItcomplementsNorth-Southcooperationandisrootedinthecontextofcommonstruggleforgenuinedevelopment.130SSDCisseenasanexpressionofsolidarityamongpeoplesandcountriesoftheSouth,basedontheirshareddevelopmentexperiencesandobjectives.It isguidedbyprinciplesofrespectfornationalsovereignty,nationalownershipandindependence,equality,non-conditionality,non-interferenceindomesticaffairsandmutualbenefit.131Therise inquantum,geographicalreach,anddiversity inapproaches inSSDCmakeitacrucialadditionalresourcetosupportSoutherncountries’developmentobjectives.

South-South cooperation in Uganda is largely dominated by China, which provides about 91.3 percent of allsouth-south funds, according to data compiledbyUNDP.SouthKorea,SaudiArabia, andKuwait are thenextmostimportantsouth-southpartners,providingabout4.3percent,3.6percent,and0.7percentrespectively.Theremaining16partnercountriesprovidealtogetherabout0.2percentofallsouth-southflows.Between2000and2014,91percentofChinesesupportcame in the formof loans(81percent)andgrants (10percent) tosupportinfrastructuredevelopmentprojects,someofwhicharecoreprojectsunderNDPII.132Figure34belowprovidesanoverviewofthemainprovidersofSSDCtoUganda.

FIGURE 34: SSDC PROVIDERS TO UGANDA

3.6%

0.7%0.2%

4.3%

91.3% China

Korea, Republic of

Saudi Arabia

Kuwait

Other

Source: Department of Foreign Affairs 2019

WhileSSDCmaybemotivatedbyprinciplesofsolidarityinpursuingpartnerships,leftunprotected,itmayslowlyevolveintonewformsofinequalitiesandunderdevelopment.133Itthusbecomesimperativetoenhancetheaccount-abilityandmonitoringofSSDCpoliciesandpracticesaccordingtothewidelyacceptedSSDCprinciples,ifitistoeffectivelycontributetotheeradicationofpovertyandinequalitiesaswellassustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountries.

130 CSOPartnershipforDevelopmentEffectiveness(2019)ConceptNotefortheDevelopmentCooperationForum,Unpub-lished,Manila

131 Ibid,p.3132 DFA,2019133 CPDE,2019,p.1


Ugandahasmadeprogressrelatedtoputtingmechanismsinplacetoenhancethepolicycoherenceofsustain-abledevelopment.StudiesindicatethatoneofthegreatstrengthsoftheSDGframeworkinitscurrentformisitsrecognitionoftheintimatelinksbetweenhumanwell-being,economicprosperityandahealthyenvironment.134Aclearmessagehasemergedthatrestoringandmaintainingthehealthofthenaturalresourcebaseisanecessaryconditionforeradicatingpovertyandsustainingeconomicprogressforall.135

As ameans of implementing this undertaking,Uganda developed aPartnershipPolicy in 2013 and a Frame-workforthePartnershipDialoguetoprovideanewframeworkforrelationshipsbetweenGovernmentanddonorsduringtheimplementationoftheNDPII.136ThePartnershipPolicyidentifiedthePolicyCoordinationCommittee,theImplementationCoordinationSteeringCommitteeandtheTechnicalImplementationCoordinationCommitteeasbi-annual,quarterlyandmonthlymeetingsdesignedasareplacementfortheJointBudgetSupportFramework,butexpandedtocoverissuesfromstrategicpriorities,toaideffectivenessandGovernmentPerformanceAnnualReporting.137TheFrameworkforthePartnershipDialoguealsointroducedtheNationalPartnershipForum(NPF)asthehighestlevelofconsultationwithfewerlinkstogovernmentprocessesandlessfrequentmeetings,butcoveringsimilar topics.Everythreeyears, theGovernmentpresentsanannualreportonthe implementationof thePart-nershipPolicytoParliamenttofacilitateanindependentevaluationofthePartnershipPolicy,andtheperformanceofGovernmentandeachdonoristobereviewedtwiceannuallywithdevelopmentpartnersandtheresultsmadepublic.138Anidentifiedareaforimprovementinthestudiesisbetterdifferentiationbetweenfinancertypesandbetterintegrationoftheprivatesector,SSDCandtriangularcooperationastheprivatesectorrolesarecurrentlycombinedwithCSOs,andalldonorsaremanagedtogetherasonesupposedlycohesivegroup.Allnon-LocalDevelopmentPartnerGroupmembersalsoneedtheirownforaatthesamelevelasLocalDevelopmentPartnerGroup(LDPG).Thesearemeasurestowardsimprovingpolicycoherenceforsustainabledevelopment.

Ontheextentofuseofcountry-ownedresultsframeworksandplanningtoolsbyprovidersofdevelopmentcooper-ation–theGlobalPartnershipforEffectiveDevelopmentCooperationmonitoringsurvey2016givesaninsightintotheprogressonthisindicator.In2016,Ugandareportedhavingasingleresultsframeworkwithdonorstoassessbudgetsupport,and92percentofaidprojectobjectivesarealignedwiththeNDP(85percentin2018).However,only 46 percent of aid used the nationalmonitoring framework, and only 35 percent used nationalmonitoringsystemsand/ordata.139Nearlyallaidprojects(96percent)wereevaluatedbyGovernment,butonly47percentoftheseevaluationsaredonejointlywithdonors–withsignificantvariationbetweendonors.SincetheJointAssis-tanceFrameworkendedin2014,theresultsframeworkreferredtoin2018istheoneintegratedintotheNDP.140 Figure35belowpresentsacomparisonwithothercountriesintheregion.Thecomparatorcountriesareusedsothatthenumericscorescanbecontextualized.

134 UNEP(2015)Policy Coherence of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Natural Resource Perspective,AnInternationalResourcePanelReport,UNEP,NewYork

135 Ibid,p.5136 GermanFDRetal(2019)137 Ibid,p.30138 GermanFDRetal(2019)139 Ibid,p.24140 Ibid,p.24


FIGURE 35: UGANDA AND EAST AFRICAN COUNTRIES 2016 GPEDC SCORES ON RESULTS FRAMEWORKSFigure 35: Uganda and East African Countries 2016 GPEDC scores on Results Frameworks

Uganda Kenya Rwanda

South Sudan Ethiopia United Republic of Tanzania

Objectives from nationalresults framework

Indicators from nationalresults framework

Indicators usenational results data

Projects that plan jointevaluation

100

9080706050

4030

2010

o

Source:General Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation

Uganda has continued to make progress by adoptingmulti-stakeholder development effectivenessmonitoringframeworksthatsupporttheachievementoftheSDGs.Thecountryhasalonghistoryofevaluationthatsupportsresultsmanagement.In2003,theCabinetoftheGovernmentofUgandaapprovedacoordinationframeworktoensurethatallgovernmentprogrammesworkinarationalandsynchronizedmanner.Thiscoordinationframeworkissupportedbyanintegratedmonitoring,evaluationandinformationmanagementsystem.141Thesubsequentinte-gratedprocessrepresentedaconglomerationofalleffortsaimedatdatacollectionandinformationgatheringanddisseminationwithrespecttothedeliveryofGovernment’sintendedgoalsandpolicyobjectives,aslaidoutintheNDPandsectoralframeworks.ThishistoryiswhatledtothedevelopmentoftheNationalIntegratedMonitoringandEvaluationStrategy(NIMES).142OneofthecornerstonefunctionsofNIMESwastoensurethattherearecontin-uousobservationsofinputs,activities/processes,outputs,reachandoutcomesattheconstituentsystems’level,withfeedbackbetweenandwithineachsystemtobringtogetherinformationfromthevariousgovernmentsystems.NIMESwasthereforeenvisagedtobeacoordinationmechanismthatwouldcoverallexistingmonitoringandeval-uationsystemsfromacountry-wide,sector-wideandLocalGovernmentperspective.TheseGovernmentinitiativesandprocesseswereputinplacetoensurethattheGovernment’scommitmenttoeradicatingmasspovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment.

Atthenationallevel,theperformanceofgovernmentprogrammesaswellasthewelfareofthepopulationhas,sincetheearly1990s,beenmonitoredthroughmulti-stakeholderdatacollectioninitiativessuchas:theUgandaNationalHouseholdSurveys(UNHS),UgandaDemographicandHealthSurveys(UDHS),NationalServiceDeliverySurveys(NSDS)andUgandaPopulationandHouseholdCensus,allconductedbytheUgandaBureauofStatistics(UBOS)butwithelementsthatpromotepartnershipsundertheuser-producergroups.ThesewerecomplementedbyrelatedinitiativessuchastheUgandaParticipatoryPovertyAssessmentsProcess(UPPAP),PovertyStatusReportsandotheranalyticalreportsproducedbytheMinistryofFinance,PlanningandEconomicDevelopment(MFPED)thatalsoemphasizedmulti-stakeholderpartnerships.143

141 SsewakiryangaRichard(2008)For a Consultancy on Setting up an Evaluative Research Fund for the National Monitoring and Evaluation Working Group,OfficeofthePrimeMinister,Kampala

142 SsentongoMukisaPeter(2004)The National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy,paperpresentedattheAfricanEvaluationAssociationConference,December1-4,2004,CapeTown,SouthAfrica

143 Ssewakiryanga(2008)


Further,forthelastsevenyears,GovernmenthasbeenproducingtheGovernmentAnnualPerformanceReport(GAPR).ThisreportprovidesacomprehensiveassessmentofGovernment’sperformanceandtheresultsofpublicspendingof thatFinancialYear.TheReport focuseson theperformanceofMinistries,DepartmentsandAgen-cies(MDAs)againstoutput targetsacrossallsectorsofGovernmentandprogressmade in the implementationofkeyactionsagreedduring the lastgovernmentperformanceretreats.144Theaimof thereport is toprovideabasisforaccountabilityoftheuseofresourcesandtheresultsachieved;toprovideabasisforpolicydiscussionswithinGovernmentandtoguidedecisionsonresourceallocationsintheFinancialYear.Theseareinitiativesthatcontributetomulti-stakeholderengagementsinUganda.

Inrelationtoindicatorsthatrelateto‘data,monitoringandaccountability’145,Ugandahasalongtraditionofenhancingdataqualityanduse.TheUgandaBureauofStatisticsAct1998providesforthedevelopmentandmaintenanceoftheNationalStatisticalSystem(NSS)toensurecollection,analysisandproductionofintegrated,relevant,reliableandtimelystatisticalinformation.TheUgandaBureauofStatistics(UBOS)isthereforeestablishedasacoordi-nating,monitoringandsupervisorybodyfortheNSS,andforothermattersincidentaltotheforegoing.146

To effectively implement this mandate, UBOS in collaboration with selected MDAs and Local Governments,developsandimplementsaPlanforNationalStatisticalDevelopment(PNSD)torespondtotheevolvingdemandsandrequirementsoftheNationalStatisticalSystem.

UnderthePNSDframework,MDAsanddevelopandimplementSectorStrategicPlansforStatistics(SSPS)thatprovideaframeworkforstreamliningstatisticsdevelopmentandthebasisforimprovingsectorstatisticsproductionwithintheMDAs.LocalGovernmentsalsodevelopandimplementLocalGovernmentStrategicPlansforStatistics(LGSPS)thatprovideaframeworkforstrengtheningtheproductionanduseofstatistics.Theseimproveevidence-baseddecisionmaking,planningandmanagementattheLocalGovernmentsaswellasenhancingtheflowanduseofinformationfromthelowestadministrativeunittotheCentre.147

Inaddition,Ugandahasdeveloped theNationalStandard indicatorFrameworkasa comprehensive system toguideharmonisationofplanning,monitoring,reportingandresourceallocation.Ugandahasundertakenfivepopu-lationcensusesinthepost-independenceperiodsince1962themostrecentbeingtheNationalPopulationandHousingCensus2014tosupportinclusiveevidencebasedprogramming,reportinganddecisionmaking.148

144 See https://opm.go.ug/government-annual-performance-report/145 Seeindicators-17.18.1,17.18.2,17.18.3,17.19.1,17.19.2146 UgandaBureauofStatistics(1998)StatisticsAct,GovernmentPrinter,Kampala147 See https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-documents/ACS/SGD-Indicators-2017/15-session2.pdf148 See https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/03_20182014_National_Census_Main_Report.pdf

https://opm.go.ug/government-annual-performance-report/

https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-documents/ACS/SGD-Indicators-2017/15-session2.pdf

https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/03_20182014_National_Census_Main_Report.pdf


CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS ThisVNRhasbeenadeeplyconsultativeprocess.Ithasreviewedover300hundreddocumentsrelatedtothe17SDGsinUganda.IthasbeeninformedbyconsultationwithvariousstakeholdersinGovernment,civilsociety,theprivatesector,academia,culturalandreligiousinstitutions,youngpeople’sorganizations,schoolchildren,personswithdisabilitiesandmanyothers.Asthereportindicates,therearemanythingsUgandashouldbeproudofandseveral others that require urgent attention.WhenUganda participated in the first VNR process in 2016, thatprocessfocusedontheSDGreadinessofthecountry.Thisreportbuildsonthatreadinesstopresentapictureofthestatusandprogressmadeonvariousindicators.ThereareseveraloverarchingareasandthemesthatUgandawillcontinuetopaycloseattentiontoinadditiontothegoal-specificactionsthatwillbeundertakenbyvariousstake-holders.Theoverarchingthemesinclude:

5.1 STRONGER PARTNERSHIPS, COORDINATION, AND COLLABORATION Ugandahasbuiltarobustsystemofcoordinationthatincludesboththepoliticalandtechnicalarmsofgovernmentaswellaspartnersandstakeholdersincivilsocietyandbusiness.TheTechnicalWorkingGroupsprovideaveryclearcoordinationsystemthatrequiresadditionalsharpeningtoensurestrongersynergyandcolorationbetweenthecoremandatesofthegroupsandtheassignmentofdepartmentswithininstitutions.A“processevaluation”ofthetechnicalworkinggroupswillbeconductedtoensurethatlessonsarelearnedabouthowtheyareworkingandinwhichwaystheycanbestrengthenedaspartoftheGovernment’sroutinemonitoringandreportingmechanismsonSDGsthatareresults-focused.Further, thecollaborationofpartnersoutsideGovernmentrequiresadditionalreflectiononthebestwaystoensuredeepercollaborationwithallpartnerssothatGovernmentcancollectbothcriticalandconstructiveinputfromadiversityofpartners.

5.2 DEEPER LOCALIZATION AND POPULARIZATION OF THE SDG AGENDA TheSDGagendaisstrongeriflocalizationisstronger.Ugandaisadeeplydecentralizedcountrywithseveralpolit-icalleadersatvariouslevelsplayingveryimportantrolesintheimplementationofgovernmentpolicy.ItisimportantthatatalllevelsSDGfocalpersonsandagenciesareidentifiedsothatthereisfurthersynergybetweennationalandlocallevelprocesses,butalsodeeperlocalizationoftheSDGagenda.SDGchampionsneedtobeidentifiedatalllevelsfromcommunitytonationallevel.ForeachSDG,differentpromotioninitiativeswillneedtobepromotedandbuilt.Governmentwillhavetodomoretostrengthencollaborationwithcivilsocietyactorsacrossthecountry,includingyoungpeople,whoshouldbeencouragedtoinnovateactivitiestoimplementtheSDGagendaaswellaspopularizeit.Atcommunitylevel,theGovernmentshouldadoptaruraldevelopmentstrategy–thenewinclu-sivesustainablecommunitymodelinspiredbytheSaemaulUdongmodel149forlocalizingtheSDGs.Thismodelpromotesself-help,communityempowermentandparticipation.

5.3 BUILDING A LEADERSHIP CULTURE FOR THE SDG AGENDA AT ALL LEVELSBeyondthelocalizationagenda,itisnowcommonknowledgethattheSDG“war”willbewonandlostinthearenaofleadership.Wherethereisdecisive,citizen-basedandinclusiveleadership,theSDGswillthrive.ButtheleadershiprequiredforthesuccessofSDGsinUgandawillnotbeleadershipthatiscopiedfromaglobaltemplate.Itwillhavetobehome-grownandrespondtoUganda’suniquecircumstances,learningandadaptingfromthesolutionsfromelsewhere.ItwillthereforebeimperativeforUgandatoquicklyensurethatisworksverycloselywithpartnersinandoutsidethecountrytobuildstrong“leadershipfortheSDGs”.ThisagendawillberolledouttoallfocalagenciesandstakeholderssothatthedecadeofactioncanrecruitfrontrunnersthatwilldeliverstrongSDGprogressforUganda.

149 https://www.gc-council.org/international/index.php/news-analysis/66-learning-from-korea-s-saemaul-undong-to-achieve-sdgs

CHAPTER 5


5.4 PROMOTING SDG-FOCUSED INNOVATION BY ALL CITIZENS, ESPECIALLY YOUNG PEOPLE

WeallappreciatethattheSDGsbroughttoourlives17goals,169targetsand231indicatorstoimplement,monitor,measure,andreporton.Thisisanoverwhelmingsetoftargetsatanylevel.Forcountrieswithmeagreresourcesandwhoaresomeofthefurthestbehind,itistemptingtothinkthatthesolutionwillbetolookatwhathasworkedelsewhereandcustomizethesetoourlocalconditions.Butwealsoknowthatsolutionsarefarandwide.WhatisrequiredfortheSDGstosucceedistothinkcreatively,innovativelyandinaninterconnectedmannertorepresentthetrueSDGnexusofeconomy,environment,andsociety.Todeliverthisprocesswell,wemustfindwaysofexper-imentingwithnewmethodsofbuildingpartnershipstodriveinnovativeandintegratedapproaches.Thisshouldbedoneatalllevelsandtheseinnovativeapproachesshouldbetested,piloted,andshared.

5.5 FOCUSING ON FINANCING FOR THE SDGS – HARNESSING UGANDA’S POTENTIAL Globallytherearetectonicshiftsinglobaltradeandhealth–accompaniednowbythetwincrisesofCovid-19andtheglobaleconomic recession.Weareseeingallkindsofchallengesamongstrongeconomies,withcountriesleavingeconomicblocs,moreunilateralismratherthanmultilateralism,andprotectionistmeasures.ForcountrieslikeUgandaatthelowendoftheladder,theseglobaldevelopmentsmeanthereislessexternalfinancingathand.Coupledwiththisisthehostiletradeenvironment,withexportvolumesfallingformanycountries,includingUganda.TheAfricanContinentalFreeTradeArea(AfCFTA)isstillinitsinfantstagesandAfricamuststilllookoutwards.Theimplicationofallthisisthatthelevelsofexternalindebtednessareatanall-timehighinmanydevelopingcountries,includingUganda,anddebtsustainabilityisarealchallenge.Thehugeanddiverseinformalsectorofoureconomydoesnotimprovemattersastherearefewerresourcesavailableinthenationalcoffersbecauseoflowdomesticrevenuemobilization.Corruptionandpatronagebecomeoffshootsofthesestrainedeconomictimes.Itwillthere-forebeimperativethatthediscussiononfinancingtheSDGsinUgandabecomesapriorityasthecountryexploreshowtoensurethatfinancingfortheSDGsismobilized–harnessinglocalresourcesinnovatively.

5.6 STRENGTHENING TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SDG IMPLEMENTATION

In the 21stcentury,digitalizationisapreconditionforgrowth,povertyreductionandjobcreation,anditisadriverof transformationinthepublicandprivatesector.AroundtheworldandinUganda,advancesintechnologyarecreatingdataat unprecedented levels of detail and speed. It is evident that traditional sectors (manufacturing,services,andagriculture)growfasterwithdigitalization.TheCOVID-19pandemichasawakenedmanycountriestothefactthatitispossibletodeliverhigh-qualityservicesusingtechnologyatasmallfractionofthecostofconven-tionalmeans.Whiletheremaybeadigitaldivideglobally,thereisnodatadivide.However,asacountry,duetoresourceconstraintsUgandastillreliesondatathatareoutofdate,withtoomanypeoplemissingfromthenumberscollected.WeneedmoretimelyandrelevantdatatoachievetheSDGs,andtomakethebestuseofthevariousformsofdataaroundus.Inordernottobeleftbehindinthedatarevolution,weneedtobuildastrongcultureofdataconsumptionandproduction,workingwithallrelevantpartnersacrosstheworld.


ANNEXINDICATOR PROGRESS MATRIX /SDG DASHBOARD

SDG

INDI

CATO

R MA

TRIX

150

SDGI

OF

FICI

AL

CODE

PROX

Y IN

DICA

TORS

SOUR

CE

PROD

UCER

DA

TA P

OINT

S20

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

1.2.1

UNHS

UBOS

21.4%

1.3.1

Prop

ortio

n of p

opula

tion w

ith

acce

ss to

socia

l insu

ranc

e; he

alth

insur

ance

, rec

eiving

dire

ct inc

ome

and a

cces

s to s

ocial

care

servi

ces

NDP

IIINP

A

So

cial in

sura

nce -

5%

healt

h ins

uran

ce 2%

dir

ect in

come

- 0.5

%;

1.4.1

Prop

ortio

n of c

ommu

nities

with

be

tter li

ving c

ondit

ions i

nclud

ing

drink

ing w

ater, s

anita

tion a

nd

hygie

ne, e

nerg

y (co

oking

and

lighti

ng),

trans

port

(nea

rest

feede

r ro

ad),

healt

h car

e, ed

ucati

on an

d inf

orma

tion t

echn

ologie

s

UNHS

UBOS

Wate

r (18

%) R

oads

(20%

), Int

erne

t acc

ess (

20%

) ,

Peac

eful e

nviro

nmen

t - (1

7%),

Socia

l ame

nities

(17

%),

Acce

ss to

elec

tricity

(10%

)

1.4.2

Prop

ortio

n of ti

tled l

and (

by se

x and

re

gion)

, %tag

e cov

erag

e of la

nd

infor

matio

n sys

tem,

Prop

ortio

n of la

nd tit

les is

sued

by

type (

regio

n, ge

nder,

and r

ural/

urba

n and

perce

ntage

chan

ge in

the

numb

er of

land

titles

regis

tered

(se

x, re

gion a

nd ru

ral/u

rban

)

LISML

HUD

21

.7%36

%

1.5.1

Numb

er of

victi

ms of

natur

al dis

aster

NDP

IIIOP

M

150

1.b.1

Perce

ntage

of ho

useh

olds

infor

med o

f gov

ernm

ent S

afety

Net

Prog

rams

UNHS

UBOS

, MFP

ED

SA

GE: 7

6.9%

OW

C: 92

.2%

YLP:

88.6%

YV

LF: 5

9.2%

2.2.1

Prev

alenc

e of s

tuntin

g (low

heigh

t for

age)

in ch

ildre

n und

er 5

year

s of

age

UDHS

2016

UBOS

/ MOH

F:

26.9%

M: 3

0.9%

T:

28.9%

2.2.2

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS/ M

OH

M: 8.

9%

F: 5.

6%

T:

7.3%

2.2.3

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS, M

oH

38.2%

2.a

.1

GFS

UBOS

0.17

0.16

0.22

0.16

0.16

3.1.1

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS

336/1

0000

0 live

birth

s

3.1.2

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS

74.2%

3.2

.1

UDHS

2016

UBOS

F:

56/10

00 M

: 72/1

000

T: 64

/1000

150

http://uganda.opendataforafrica.org/sdg

http://uganda.opendataforafrica.org/sdg

VOLU

NTAR

Y NA

TION

AL R

EVIE

W R

EPOR

T ON

THE

IMPL

EMEN

TATI

ON O

F TH

E 20

30 A

GEND

A FO

R SU

STAI

NABL

E DE

VELO

PMEN

T86SD

GI

OFFI

CIAL

CO

DE

PROX

Y IN

DICA

TORS

SOUR

CE

PROD

UCER

DA

TA P

OINT

S20

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

3.2.2

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS

F: 23

/1000

M: 3

1/100

0 T:

27/10

00

3.3.1

Ug

anda

Pop

ulatio

n-Ba

sed

HIV

Impa

ct As

sess

ment

MOH

F: 8.

3

M: 6

.1

T: 7

.3

73/10

00 ne

w ca

ses o

f HIV

amon

g ad

ults (

15-6

4 yrs)

3.3.2

TB

Sur

vey

MOH

106

178

162

182

308

3.3.3

HM

IS M

OH19

343

338

224

234

03.3

.4

HMIS

MOH

54.4

1.21

0.60.8

3.4.1

Morta

lity ra

te att

ribute

d to

card

iovas

cular

dise

ase,

canc

er,

diabe

tes or

chro

nic re

spira

tory

disea

se (1

000 p

opula

tion)

HMIS

MOH

3836

3737

45

3.4.2

Suici

de m

ortal

ity ra

te (1

00,00

0 po

pulat

ion)

Repo

rted C

rime d

ataMO

H, U

PF,

UBOS

4274

105

6085

3.6.1

An

nual

Crim

e Rep

ort

Ma

les 79

% (

n=2,5

34)

Fema

les 21

% (

n= 69

0)

Male

79%

(n=2

,920)

; Fe

male

21%

(n=7

69)

Male=

76%

(n

=296

2)

Fema

le=24

%

(n=9

18)

3.7.1

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS

53.9%

3.7

.2

UDHS

2016

UBOS

2/1

000 w

omen

(10-

14)

13

2/100

0 wom

en (1

5-19

)

3.8.1

Prop

ortio

n of th

e pop

ulatio

n with

ac

cess

to un

iversa

l hea

lth ca

re %

NDP

IIIUB

OS/M

OH

44%

3.9.2

Morta

lity ra

te att

ribute

d to u

nsafe

wa

ter, u

nsafe

sanit

ation

and l

ack

of hy

giene

(exp

osur

e to u

nsafe

W

ater, S

anita

tion a

nd H

ygien

e for

Al

l (WAS

H) se

rvice

s) pe

r 100

0 po

pulat

ion

HMIS

MOH

2831

1816

16

3.9.3

HM

ISMO

H8

78

97

3.a.1

UD

HSUB

OS

M: 9.

4

F: 0.

8

T: 5.1

3.b

.1

UDHS

UBOS

M:

36.5

F: 3

5.0 T

: 35.8

SDGI

OF

FICI

AL

CODE

PROX

Y IN

DICA

TORS

SOUR

CE

PROD

UCER

DA

TA P

OINT

S20

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

4.1.1

(N

APE)

UNEB

/MoE

S

Grad

e 3

Nume

racy

; 55.2

%

Boys

; 54.3

%

Girls

; 56.1

%;

Liter

acy;

49.9%

B

oys;

47.4%

G

irls; 5

2.5%

Gr

ade 6

Nu

mera

cy; 5

0.9%

Bo

ys; 5

6.2%

G

irls; 4

5.9%

; Lit

erac

y; 53

.1%

Boys

; 52.7

%

Girls

; 53.5

%

4.2.1

UD

HSUB

OS

F: 64

.6

M: 6

2 T

: 63.3

4.2

.2

Educ

ation

surve

yMo

ES/ U

BOS

Pa

rticipa

tion r

ate: 1

5.4%

Bo

ys; 1

5.0%

Gi

rls; 1

5.7%

4.a.1

Ed

ucati

on su

rvey

MoES

/ UBO

S

Ba

sic d

rinkin

g wa

ter

Prim

ary;

87.5%

Se

cond

ary;

93.85

Si

ngle

sex s

anita

tion

facil

ities

Pr

imar

y: 90

%

Seco

ndar

y; 95

.5%

Basic

han

d wa

shin

g fa

ciliti

es

Prim

ary;

40.9%

Se

cond

ary;

56.8%

4.c.1

E

duca

tion s

urve

yMo

ES/ N

CHE/

UB

OS

Pr

e-pr

imar

y; 60

.0%

Prim

ary;

79.6%

Se

cond

ary;

83.5%

5.2.1

UD

HSUB

OS

Natio

nal: (

39.6%

) Ty

pes P

hysic

al Vi

olenc

e:22.5

Sexu

al Vi

olenc

e:16.6

; P.V

: 29.3

RE

GION

S - S

outhe

rn

Centr

al: 31

.5; N

orth

Centr

al:

32.7;

Kam

pala:

22.4

; Bu

soga

: 32.1

; Buk

edi:

58.9;

Bu

gisu:

37.2;

Teso

: 39.2

; Ka

ramo

ja: 5

4.1; L

ango

: 40

.9; A

choli

: 38.6

; Wes

t Nile

: 43

.4; To

ro: 4

3.9; B

unyo

ro:

33.6;

Kige

zi: 4

2.1; A

nkole

: 56

.2

VOLU

NTAR

Y NA

TION

AL R

EVIE

W R

EPOR

T ON

THE

IMPL

EMEN

TATI

ON O

F TH

E 20

30 A

GEND

A FO

R SU

STAI

NABL

E DE

VELO

PMEN

T88SD

GI

OFFI

CIAL

CO

DE

PROX

Y IN

DICA

TORS

SOUR

CE

PROD

UCER

DA

TA P

OINT

S20

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

5.2.2

UD

HSUB

OS

5.6%

5.3

.1

UDHS

UBOS

Be

fore a

ge 15

: 7.3

perce

nt,

befor

e 18:

34%

5.3.2

UD

HSUB

OS

0.30%

5.4

.1Pe

rcenta

ge of

the p

opula

tion t

hat

spen

ds tim

e on n

onpr

oduc

tive

works

by se

x

TUS

UBOS

M: 13

.5%,

F: 13

.1%

T: 13

.3%

5.5.1

Ad

min d

ataPa

rliame

nt (2

018)

UB

OS(2

018)

34.9%

NP

45.7%

LGs

5.6.1

UD

HSUB

OS

58.5%

5.a

.1

AAS

2018

UBOS

, MLH

UD

All T

enur

e: 40

%

Free

hold:

40%

Ma

ilo: 3

5%

Custo

mary:

41%

Pu

blic l

and:

34%

5.b.1

UN

HS, U

DHS

UBOS

F:

45.5

M: 6

5.8 T

: 55.7

6.1

.1Pr

opor

tion o

f hou

seho

lds w

ith

acce

ss to

safe

drink

ing w

ater

servi

ces

UNHS

UBOS

F:

74.2

M: 9

0.8 T

: 77.9

6.2.1

UN

HSUB

OS

F: 17

.7 M

: 31.7

T:

20.8

6.3

.1

MW

E

79

%6.4

.2

MWE

MWE

1.67%

1.72%

6.5

.1

Indica

tor 6.

5.1 th

emati

c re

port

2017

MWE/

DW

RM

45%

59%

6.5.2

Ind

icator

6.5.2

them

atic

repo

rt 20

17MW

E/DW

RM

84

%

6.6.1

Ind

icator

6.6.1

them

atic

repo

rt 20

17MW

E/Re

lated

Ag

encie

s

-0.88

%1%

6.a.1

UN

Wate

r data

porta

lMW

E

155.1

7

6.b.1

Prop

ortio

n of w

ater p

oints

with

functi

onal

user

comm

ittee

MW

E/ M

oLG

87

%88

%89

%89

%

7.1.1

ER

T III

2018

UBOS

F:

23.9

M: 2

4.2

T: 51

.0

7.1.2

UD

HS 20

16UB

OS

F: 0.

2 M

: 2.1

T: 0

.6

7.2.1

Spec

ific E

nerg

y Con

sump

tion

(SEC

)Co

ntribu

tion o

f Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

to

the N

ation

al En

ergy

Mix

Ener

gy B

alanc

e, 20

17 S

heet

MEMD

Ener

gy co

nsum

ption

by so

urce

: Pe

troleu

m 12

.3%, E

lectric

ity 1.

7%,

Rene

wable

Ene

rgy 8

6.0%

7.3.1

Ener

gy co

nsum

ption

per G

DPEn

ergy

Bala

nce

MEMD

743

624.2

584.3

657

6.5

SDGI

OF

FICI

AL

CODE

PROX

Y IN

DICA

TORS

SOUR

CE

PROD

UCER

DA

TA P

OINT

S20

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

8.1.1

Na

tiona

l Acc

ounts

Stat

istics

UBOS

4.8

3.9

8.3

.1

NLFS

UBOS

F:

85.6

M: 8

4.5 T

: 84.9

8.5

.2

NLFS

UBOS

F:

11.4

M:

8.2

T:

9.7

Di

sabil

ity:

F: 9.

5 M

: 8.6

T

: 9.0

8.6.1

NL

FSUB

OS

F: 27

.2 M

: 46.9

T: 4

0.7

8.7.1

NL

FSUB

OS

F: 13

.5 M

: 16.8

T:

15.1

8.1

0.1

NLFS

BOU

(a) 3

.0

(b)

4.7

(a) 2

.9

(b)

4.6

(a) 2

.7

(b

) 4.2

(a) 2

.6

(b)

4.2

(a) 3

.1

(b)

4.7

8.10.2

NL

FSUB

OS

F: 12

.9 M

: 21.9

T: 1

7.4

9.1.1

Impr

oved

tran

spor

tation

servi

ces i

n ru

ral a

reas

UNHS

UBOS

b) 31

.1

9.1.2

Numb

er of

Pas

seng

er by

air

Fr

eight

volum

es by

air

Nu

mber

of P

asse

nger

by W

ater

Freig

ht vo

lumes

by W

ater

Nu

mber

of P

asse

nger

by R

oad

Freig

ht vo

lumes

by R

oad

Mo

WTC

, CAA

, UN

RA

No. o

f pas

seng

ers b

y air

2,008

,238,

Freig

ht vo

lumes

by ai

r 64

,731,

Numb

er of

pass

enge

rs by

wa

ter 4,

275,1

12, F

reigh

t vo

lumes

by w

ater 8

6914

9.2.1

Manu

factur

ing V

alue A

dded

in

shar

e of to

tal va

lue ad

ded

Natio

nal A

ccou

nts S

tatist

icsUB

OS

8.68.3

9.2.2

NL

FSUB

OS

F: 8.

1 M

: 10.2

T:

9.4

F: 3.

4 M

: 6.2

9.a.1

Mo

FPED

MoFP

EDGr

ants

(USD

)267

4969

79.35

8371

Loan

s (US

D)

5312

8333

5.106

789

Total

(USD

) 79

8780

314.4

6516

Gran

ts (U

SD) 2

7202

4145

.85

8887

Lo

ans (

USD)

1003

9385

73.77

782

To

tal (U

SD)

1275

9627

19.63

671

Gran

ts (U

SD) 2

0140

4234

.6454

46

Loan

s (US

D) 10

0295

3478

.7059

2

Total

(USD

) 120

4357

713.3

5136

Gran

ts (U

SD)

2065

3314

6.838

878

Lo

ans (

USD)

12

9892

6003

.6762

9

Total

(USD

) 15

0545

9150

.5151

6

Gran

ts (U

SD) 1

373

2383

3.933

563

Loan

s (US

D) 13

0156

3790

.4420

8

To

tal (U

SD)

1438

8876

24.37

564

11.1.

1

NDP

IIIMo

LHUD

60

13

.1.1

ND

P III

OPM

15

0

13.2.

2Av

erag

e ann

ual c

hang

e in

gree

nhou

se ga

sND

P III

MWE

1.3

9

15.1.

1

MWE

Secto

r rep

ort (

2018

)MW

E10

-11%

10-11

%9%

9%

15.7.

1(P

IKE)

Pro

portio

n of il

legall

y kille

d ele

phan

ts UW

A Re

cord

sUW

A0.4

00.3

60.2

50.3

20.3

3

16.1.

1

Crim

e Data

UPF

M: 22

F:

2 T

: 12

M: 27

F:

12 T

: 19

M: 21

F:

5 T

: 12.9

6M:

20

F

: 5

T:

12

16.1.

4

NGPS

SUB

OS

M:

65%

F:55

% T

:61%

16.2.

1

UDHS

UBOS

F:

84.6

M: 8

5.2

T: 84

.9

16.2.

2Nu

mber

of re

gister

ed vi

ctims

of

traffic

king

Annu

al Cr

ime R

epor

tUP

F10

828

335

5b)

650

VOLU

NTAR

Y NA

TION

AL R

EVIE

W R

EPOR

T ON

THE

IMPL

EMEN

TATI

ON O

F TH

E 20

30 A

GEND

A FO

R SU

STAI

NABL

E DE

VELO

PMEN

T90SD

GI

OFFI

CIAL

CO

DE

PROX

Y IN

DICA

TORS

SOUR

CE

PROD

UCER

DA

TA P

OINT

S20

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

16.2.

3

UDHS

UBOS

F:

5.2%

M:

1.3%

16

.3.1

Cr

ime V

ictim

s Sur

vey

UBOS

M:44

% F

: 52%

N:

48%

16.3.

2Re

mand

priso

ners

as a

prop

ortio

n of

over

all pr

ison p

opula

tion

UPS

Stati

stica

l Abs

tracts

UPS

54.9

55.1

51.8

51.8

48.1

16.5.

1

NGPS

SUB

OS

F:

13%

M: 2

1%

16

.6.1

MT

EFMo

FPED

100%

16.6.

2

NGPS

SUB

OS

F:

67%

M

: 65%

T:

66%

16.7.

1

NGPS

SUB

OS,

Parlia

ment,

Mo

LG, E

C,

MoPS

, Jud

icial

Servi

ce

Comm

ission

F: 35

% M

: 65%

. 41

% of

MPs

40 ye

ars o

r you

nger

16.7.

2

NGPS

SUB

OS,

Parlia

ment,

Mo

LG, E

C,

MoPS

, Jud

icial

Servi

ce

Comm

ission

F: 30

%

M: 2

8%

T: 29

%

16.9.

1

UDHS

UBOS

, URS

B

F: 32

.2 M

: 32.2

T: 3

2.2

16.b

.1

NGPS

SUB

OS

F:

32%

M

: 39%

T

: 35%

17.1.

1 T

ax R

even

ue to

GDP

Rati

oMo

FPED

MoFP

ED10

.8%11

.1%11

.5%11

.7%12

.6%17

.1.2

Mo

FPED

MoFP

ED88

.2%87

.8%88

.9%92

.5%88

.9%17

.3.2

BOU,

MoF

PED

3.64.1

3.93.9

4.117

.4.1

Mo

FPED

MoFP

ED11

.1%12

.6%15

.6%15

.6%16

.9%17

.6.1

UCC

0.36

17.8.

1

UDHS

UBOS

, UCC

F:

8.6

M: 2

2.5 T

: 15.6

17

.15.1

GP

EDC

Dash

boar

dOP

M

88%

The SDG SecretariatOffice of the Prime Minister,Level 3, Postel Building Clement Hill Road, KampalaEmail: [email protected] Website: www.sdgs.opm.go.ug


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