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The Republic of Texas
Treaty of Velasco
• After San Jacinto, Santa Anna was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco. This treaty ended the Texas Revolution and gave Texas its independence.
• It had two parts, one public and one secret:
May 1836 – Treaties of Velasco
Public and Secret• The public part of the treaty made Santa Anna agree
to never fight against Texas again and to withdraw all troops out of Texas.
• The secret part of the treaty made Santa Anna promise to get Mexico to recognize Texas independence and set the southern border of Texas as the Rio Grande.
Republic of Texas
• Republic of Texas granted citizens liberties including freedom of religion
Results of the Election of 1836
Vice President: Congress:President:
Constitution: Annexation:
The Early Republic
Mirabeau B. Lamar elected senators and representatives
Sam Houston
approved the Texas Constitution of 1836
voted to seek U.S. annexation of Texas
In 1836, 5 months after the Revolution, Texans held an election
1836 – Sam Houston Elected President
1st Administration• Houston focused on:
– Forming a Gov’t– Focused primarily on: Debt– Other issues dealt with: army, American Indians &
Mexico– Moved capital to Houston
Problems in the new Republic1. Mexico wouldn’t acknowledge its independence &
disputed its territory2. Other nations wouldn’t recognize TX as independent3. Debt (lack of money) from Texas Revolution4. Conflicts with Texas Indians5. Military
Houston Solves Problems• Got U.S. to recognize the Republic of TX • Money: Economic Policies; added poll tax, printed more money• Military: sent entire army home, except 600 soldiers
– Texas Rangers: replace army with Rangers• Primary Purpose of TX Rangers – protect Texans from
American Indian Tribes • Indians: Called on the Texas Rangers; tried to make peace by
giving them title to their land, TX Senate refused to accept this• He believed the best thing for Texas would be annexation to
the U.S.
Chief Bowles
• Leader of the Cherokees• Signed treaty w/ Houston during the TX Revolution
Mexico not recognizing Texas as
independent DEBT Raids by Indians
Promissory notes
Cut SpendingTexas Rangers
Reduce military (ie: Felix Huston who
wanted to start war)
The Texas Question
• Most Texans wanted Texas to become part of the United States including Pres. Sam Houston.
• But Northerners in the U.S. did not want to see the expansion of Slavery into new U.S. territory.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 had limited the amount of future Slaves states and Texas would disrupt the balance.
• The addition of Texas to the United States made sense to many.
• Texan Anson Jones went to the U.S. Congress and tried to get them to accept Texas into the Union.
• Texas would have been considered a slave state, and many members of the U.S. congress opposed slavery.
• This decision was delayed, and Houston ordered Jones to withdraw the request.– Houston didn’t want Texas to be embarrassed by having
its request delayed any longer.
The First Attempt to Annexation
1838 – Mirabeau Lamar elected President
Vice President – David G. BurnetHouston couldn’t run fro a second term as President
Second Administration
Mirabeau Lamar• “Father of Education”• Didn’t agree w/Houston’s policies• Focused on:
– Pushing American Indians farther west– Commitment to education– A new capital (Austin)
• More than doubled the debt by Indian Wars & increased inflation
• Was against Annexation
A New Capital
• Lamar did not like Houston being the capital of Texas.• Lamar wanted a morecentrally located capital.• He choose 100 miles north of San Antonio.• He named this site Austin, in honor of Stephen F.
Austin.
http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/02/25/mardi.gras.melee/map.texas.austin.jpg
Lamar’s Problems• Biggest problem was money• Gov’t was spending more than it was making• TX gov’t was lots on military• TX dollar called “redbacks” was only work about 2
cents by 1841
Lamar’s Indian Policies• Lamar disliked Indians & wanted them removed from Texas• He ordered the Cherokees to leave Texas
• Chief Bowles – ordered to lead Cherokee out, refused
• Lamar sent soldier to force them out• Bowles was killed• Cherokees forced to present-day Oklahoma
Action
LAND POLICY
Result
ECONOMY TEXAS INDIANS
Action
Result
Action
Result
Lamar’s Presidency
issuedred backs
worthless within three years, in part because of
rising national debt
passedhomestead law
protected Texans’ homes and up to
50 acres from seizure for debts
declared war on American Indians
removed Cherokee from East Texas, pushed
Comanche north & west, increased debt
Third AdministrationSam Houston’s 2nd Term 1841• Worked to reduce debt created by Lamar’s policies• Worked to renew peace with Indians• Settled dispute over land titles • Pushed for annexation• Opposed building Navy – thought it would drain Texas’s
finances
FourthAdministration1844 - Anson Jones elected President
• Followed most of Houston’s policies• Maintained peace with Native Americans• Tried to limit spending• Pushed for Annexation
• 1845 – Texas is Annexed into the U.S.
Presidents of the Republic of TexasSam Houston (1836 - 1838)
• 1st President of the Republic of Texas
Mirabeau B Lamar (1838 - 1841)
• 2nd President of the Republic of Texas
• Known as the “Father of Education in Texas”
Sam Houston (1841 -1844)
• 3rd President of the Republic of Texas
Dr Anson Jones (1844 - 1846)
• 4th and final President of the Republic of Texas
• President when Texas became a state of the United States
• limited government spending• faced financial problems• promissory notes• was peaceful with Mexico and
the Indians• reduced the army• eliminated the navy• supported annexation• served as president of the
Republic of Texas• served 2 terms
• increased government spending
• faced financial problems
• “Redbacks” issued• encouraged war with
Mexico and Indians• supported military
expeditions• established public
education• wanted TX to be
independent• served as president of
the Republic of Texas• served 1 term
• announced the annexation of Texas
• supported annexation
• served as president of the Republic of Texas
• served 1 term