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Treaty of Velasco After San Jacinto, Santa Anna was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco. This treaty ended the Texas Revolution and gave Texas its independence. It had two parts, one public and one secret: Santa Anna
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The Republic of Texas Treaty of Velasco After San Jacinto, Santa
Anna was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco. This treaty ended
the Texas Revolution and gave Texas its independence. It had two
parts, one public and one secret: Santa Anna Public and Secret The
public part of the treaty made Santa Anna agree to never fight
against Texas again and to withdraw all troops out of Texas. The
secret part of the treaty made Santa Anna promise to get Mexico to
recognize Texas independence and set the southern border of Texas
as the Rio Grande. REPUBLIC OF TEXAS IN 1836 Comancheria
Comancheria Problems in the new Republic
The new Republic of Texas faced many problems: It had no money and
was in debt from the Texas Revolution. Mexico would not acknowledge
its independence and disputed its territory. Native Americans were
upset by new settlers coming onto their lands. Houston as Texas
President
Sam Houston was elected the first President of Texas. He chose a
very experienced cabinet (advisors) to help him including Stephen
F. Austin as Secretary of State. Sam Houston Pres. Houstons
solutions to the problems
Sam Houston focused on restricting government spending and
establishing good foreign relations. Moved the Capital of Texas to
the new city of Houston (most Texans hated the location as it was
hot and muggy). He was very cautious and wanted to prevent war with
Mexico and the Indians. He believed the best thing for Texas would
be annexation to the U.S. The Texas Question Most Texans wanted
Texas to become part of the United States including Pres. Sam
Houston. But Northerners in the U.S. did not want to see the
expansion of Slavery into new U.S. territory. The Missouri
Compromise of 1820 had limited the amount of future Slaves states
and Texas would disrupt the balance. Death of Stephen F.
Austin
Austin served in the new government for three months before he died
of pneumonia on December 27th, 1836, he was 43. President Houston
proclaimed a 30-day period of mourning and said The Father of Texas
is no more; the first pioneer of the wilderness has departed."
Shortly before his death, Austin wrote, "The prosperity of Texas
has been the object of my labors, the idol of my existence--it has
assumed the character of a religion, for the guidance of my
thoughts and actions, for fifteen years." Presidential Terms The
Texas Constitution limited the first President to a term of only 2
years. It was soon changed to 3 years. In addition no President
could be elected two times in a row. Mirabeau Lamar After Houston,
Mirabeau Lamar was elected President. He was very different than
Houston. Lamar wanted Texas to stay an independent country and
expand Texas territory. Used the Texas army to fight the Comanche
for their land. He built a navy to fight Mexico. He believed in
government spending, set aside land for public education, and moved
the capital to Austin. Because of this Texas fell deeper in debt.
Lamar The Santa Fe Expedition 1841
Lamar sent the Santa Fe Expedition of around 300 men to capture the
city of Santa Fe and try and convince the people there they should
be loyal to the Texas Government. The Santa Fe Trail The expedition
was an attempt to gain control over the Santa Fe Trail (a trade
route) and control theNew Mexico territory. The Santa Fe expedition
was a disaster. The Texans were attacked constantly by Comanche,
got lost, and when they finally arrived in New Mexico a Mexican
Army of 1,500 troops surrounded them and they were forced to
surrender. The prisoners were marched 2,000 miles to the Mexican
city of Perote and held for a year. Sam Houstons Second Term
After the failure of the Santa Fe Expedition, most Texans lost
faith in Lamars vision for Texas. In 1841 Sam Houston was
re-elected for a second term in office.He would reinstall his
policies in Texas government. Restrict spending and restore peace
with Mexico One of his first actions was to disband the Texas Navy
which cost too much. Some members of the Navy refused to come back
to Texas so Houston labeled them pirates and told other counties to
attack these rebellious ships Santa Anna returns to Mexico
After being held prisoner in Texas and then being in exile in the
United States, Santa Anna is allowed to return to Mexico in 1838.
The Mexican Government had no use for him so he was forced to
retire to his hacienda. (Ranch)
But after France invaded Mexico in the so called Pastry War Santa
Anna was asked to lead the army again. He led the Mexican forces to
victory against the French. Santa Anna was wounded in the leg and
eventually had to have his leg amputated. Exploiting his wounds
with eloquent propaganda, Santa Anna came back to power. He retook
the presidency in 1838. Invasion of Texas In response to the Santa
Fe Expedition, in early March 1842 Santa Anna ordered his army to
cross the Rio Grande and occupy San Antonio. After a few days they
returned to Mexico. In September the Mexican government was
determined to keep the Texas frontier in turmoil. Santa Anna
ordered Adrin Woll to attack San Antonio again and informed the
Mexican Congress that he planned to retake Texas. Adrin Woll, seen
here in the 1860s, was actually a French adventurer and was with
Santa Anna at the Alamo and San Jacinto President Houston ordered
the Texas Army to attack the Mexican Army.
The Texans defeated them at the Battle of Salado Creek and the
Mexicans retreated back to Mexico. During the battle 36 Texans were
surrounded by Mexican cavalry and killed. This is know as the
Dawson Massacre The Archives War As you probably guessed Houston
and Lamar were bitter rivals. So when Houston was elected President
again in 1841 the last thing he wanted was to serve in Lamars
Capital. After the two brief Mexican invasions that captured San
Antonio, (only 70 miles away from Austin) Houston decided Austin
was unsafe and moved the capital to Washington-on-the-Brazos. (110
miles east) President Houston ordered the removal of theTexas
archives (public records) from Austin and assigned Texas Army
Colonel Thomas Smith and Captain Eli Chandlerto bring them to
Washington-on-the-Brazos without bloodshed. Smith and Chandler with
a small group of soldiers entered Austin in the dead of night on
December 29, 1842. As they loaded archives stored in the General
Land OfficeBuilding into wagons, Angelina Eberly was awakened by
thenoise. She ran outside and fired a cannon, alerting the town
that something was happening. Smith and Chandler fled with three
wagons full of archival material. The Soldierswere caught by a
armed group from Austin and the archives were returned to Austin.
The Texas Archives War ended without anyone getting hurt .