The Renaissance and The Renaissance and ReformationReformation PagesPages

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What is the Renaissance?What is the Renaissance?

““Rebirth" in EuropeRebirth" in Europe((started in Italy 1300s- spread through started in Italy 1300s- spread through

Europe 15-1600s)Europe 15-1600s)

Intellectual & economic Intellectual & economic changes 14changes 14thth to 16 to 16thth centuries centuries

Emerged from the Emerged from the economic stagnation of economic stagnation of the Middle Agesthe Middle Ages

Artistic, social, scientific, Artistic, social, scientific, & political breakthroughs& political breakthroughs

HumanismHumanism

Intellectual movement where people began Intellectual movement where people began to focus onto focus on life in the present ( life in the present (in contrast in contrast to the Middle Ages' focus on the after life)to the Middle Ages' focus on the after life)

Importance of Importance of education-education- study of ancient study of ancient Greek and Roman texts  Greek and Roman texts 

Importance of the Importance of the individual-individual- driving force driving force of the Renaissance. of the Renaissance.

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Niccolo Machiavelli- Niccolo Machiavelli- The PrinceThe Prince

Advised rulers to use Advised rulers to use whatever means whatever means necessary to achieve necessary to achieve their goalstheir goals

““It is much safer to be It is much safer to be feared than to be feared than to be loved, if one must loved, if one must choose.”choose.”

ArtArt

Studied Greek statues Studied Greek statues and Roman buildingsand Roman buildings

Developed Developed perspective- objects 3 perspective- objects 3 dimensionaldimensional

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci The Mona LisaThe Mona Lisa

MichelangeloMichelangelo DavidDavid Ceiling of the Sistine Ceiling of the Sistine

ChapelChapel

LiteratureLiterature

Shakespeare-Shakespeare- 37 plays(1590 to 37 plays(1590 to 1613). Reflected individualism 1613). Reflected individualism and the unconquerable human and the unconquerable human spirit.  spirit. 

Miguel de Cervantes-Miguel de Cervantes- Don Don QuixoteQuixote (mocks Medieval knights) (mocks Medieval knights)

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

Scientists questioned Scientists questioned traditional beliefs traditional beliefs about the workings of about the workings of the universe. the universe. 

ScientificScientific Method-Method-uses observation and uses observation and experimentation to experimentation to explain theories on explain theories on how the universe how the universe works. works.

CopernicusCopernicus

HeliocentricHeliocentric modelmodel of of the universe- the universe- the sun the sun is the center, and that is the center, and that the earth revolves the earth revolves around it. around it.

GalileoGalileo

The telescopeThe telescope

Isaac Newton Isaac Newton

Gravity-Gravity- force that force that keeps planets keeps planets revolving around the revolving around the sun, what causes sun, what causes objects to fall to earth. objects to fall to earth.

The Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation

Many scholars, Many scholars, including Martin Luther including Martin Luther (German priest), grew (German priest), grew angry with the RCC for angry with the RCC for spending $ on wars spending $ on wars and palaces.and palaces.

LutherLuther

Greatly disturbed by Greatly disturbed by indulgencesindulgences, or , or pardons of sins. (church sold)pardons of sins. (church sold)

Composed a list of ?s, called the 95 theses, Composed a list of ?s, called the 95 theses, to the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church-to the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church-condemned indulgencescondemned indulgences

Taught the Bible and individual conscious Taught the Bible and individual conscious outweighed the church leaders and the popeoutweighed the church leaders and the pope

Other ReformsOther Reforms

Calvinism (John’s Calvinism (John’s Calvin’s new church)-Calvin’s new church)-

Predestination-Predestination- God God had decided in advance had decided in advance if people would be if people would be saved or condemned.saved or condemned.

Protestants and Protestants and Catholics waged bitter Catholics waged bitter wars against each other wars against each other for years. for years.