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The Redox Engine of Earth Guest Editors: Roberto Moretti, Maria Rita Cicconi, and Daniel R. Neuville 157 161 167 173 179 185 191 Earth’s Electrodes Maria Rita Cicconi, Roberto Moretti, and Daniel R. Neuville Redox Processes in Early Earth Accretion and in Terrestrial Bodies Kevin Righter, Christopher D.K. Herd, and Asmaa Boujibar The Redox Boundaries of Earth’s Interior Vincenzo Stagno and Yingwei Fei Magmas are the Largest Repositories and Carriers of Earth’s Redox Processes Maria Rita Cicconi, Charles Le Losq, Roberto Moretti, and Daniel R. Neuville Volcanic and Geothermal Redox Engines Roberto Moretti and Andri Stefansson DEPARTMENTS Editorial – A Symphony of Electrons ................... 151 From the Editors ................................. 152 Meet the Authors ................................ 154 Society News Association of Applied Geochemists ................. 197 Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft ................ 198 European Association of Geochemistry ............... 200 Geochemical Society ............................. 202 International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits . . 203 Mineralogical Society of America .................... 204 Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences ........... 205 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland ....... 207 Mineralogical Association of Canada ................. 208 Meteoritical Society .............................. 210 Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie . . . 212 Book Review – Thermodynamics in Earth and Planetary Sciences – 2 nd Ed . ..................... 215 Calendar ........................................ 219 Advertisers in this Issue ........................... 219 CosmoElements – Primitive Meteorite Contains Cometary Surprise ................................ 220 Electron Transfer Drives Metal Cycling in the Critical Zone Melanie Davranche, Alexandre Gélabert, and Marc F. Benedetti Biogeochemical Controls on the Redox Evolution of Earth’s Oceans and Atmosphere Christopher T. Reinhard and Noah J. Planavsky 149 Elements is published jointly by the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geochemical Society, The Clay Minerals Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, the International Association of GeoChemistry, the Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, the Association of Applied Geochemists, the Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, the International Association of Geoanalysts, the Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), the Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, the Meteoritical Society, the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences, and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. It is provided as a benefit to members of these societies. Elements is published six times a year. Individuals are encouraged to join any one of the partici- pating societies to receive Elements. Institutional subscribers to any of the following journals— American Mineralogist, Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, and The Canadian Mineralogist—also receive one copy of Elements as part of their 2020 subscription. Institutional subscriptions are available for US$180 (US$195 non-US addresses) a year in 2020. Contact the executive editor ([email protected]) for information. Copyright 2020 by the Mineralogical Society of America. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form, including translation to other languages, or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission from the copyright holder is strictly prohibited. Publications mail agreement no. 40037944 Printed in USA ISSN 1811-5209 (print) ISSN 1811-5217 (online) elementsmagazine.org pubs.geoscienceworld.org/elements Volume 16, Number 3 • June 2020

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Page 1: The Redox Engine of Earth - Elements Magazine

The Redox Engine of EarthGuest Editors: Roberto Moretti, Maria Rita Cicconi, and Daniel R. Neuville

157

161

167

173

179

185

191

Earth’s ElectrodesMaria Rita Cicconi, Roberto Moretti, and Daniel R. Neuville

Redox Processes in Early Earth Accretion and in Terrestrial BodiesKevin Righter, Christopher D.K. Herd, and Asmaa Boujibar

The Redox Boundaries of Earth’s InteriorVincenzo Stagno and Yingwei Fei

Magmas are the Largest Repositories and Carriers of Earth’s Redox ProcessesMaria Rita Cicconi, Charles Le Losq, Roberto Moretti, and Daniel R. Neuville

Volcanic and Geothermal Redox EnginesRoberto Moretti and Andri Stefansson

D E P A R T M E N T S

Editorial – A Symphony of Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151From the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Meet the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Society News

Association of Applied Geochemists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198European Association of Geochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Geochemical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits . . 203Mineralogical Society of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . 205Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland . . . . . . . 207Mineralogical Association of Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Meteoritical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie . . . 212

Book Review – Thermodynamics in Earth and Planetary Sciences – 2nd Ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Advertisers in this Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219CosmoElements – Primitive Meteorite Contains Cometary Surprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Electron Transfer Drives Metal Cycling in the Critical ZoneMelanie Davranche, Alexandre Gélabert, and Marc F. Benedetti

Biogeochemical Controls on the Redox Evolution of Earth’s Oceans and AtmosphereChristopher T. Reinhard and Noah J. Planavsky

149

Elements is published jointly by the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geochemical Society, The Clay Minerals Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, the Inter national Association of GeoChemistry, the Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, the Association of Applied Geochemists, the Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, the International Association of Geoanalysts, the Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), the Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, the Meteoritical Society, the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences, and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. It is provided as a benefit to members of these societies.

Elements is published six times a year. Individuals are encouraged to join any one of the partici­pating societies to receive Elements. Institutional subscribers to any of the following journals— American Mineralogist, Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, and The Canadian Miner alogist—also receive one copy of Elements as part of their 2020 subscription. Institu tional subscriptions are available for US$180 (US$195 non­US addresses) a year in 2020. Contact the executive editor ([email protected]) for information.

Copyright 2020 by the Mineralogical Society of America.

All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form, including translation to other languages, or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission from the copyright holder is strictly prohibited.

Publications mail agreement no. 40037944

Printed in USA

ISSN 1811­5209 (print) ISSN 1811­5217 (online)

elementsmagazine.orgpubs.geoscienceworld.org/elements

Volume 16, Number 3 • June 2020