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The Quotative in Archi Michael Daniel, Moscow State
Marina Chumakina, Surrey Morphology Group
boli – complementizer strategy
boli as reported speech marker may only be introduced by a verb of speech;
(Especially clear in the cases where the lexical verb of speech is bos (RS + boli bo/boli). Same is (less convincingly) true of the extended uses of boli in purposive clauses - even though circumstancial, not introduced by a matrix verb)
unlike converb/evidential boli, may not have its own arguments
Summary of strategies
1st person (I /we said that...) + RSC boli bo / bo (all forms)
2nd person (you said that...) + RSC boli bo / bo (all forms)
3rd person (he/she/they said that...) + RSC
-(e)r / boli (bo) / bo (all forms)
-er strategy – complementizer?
Possesses predicative properties:
introduces its own arguments (speaker and addressee); may result in having several ergatives in what seems to be one clause
may have its own auxiliary
-er strategy – subordinating verb of
speech?A contra: it is cliticized to the reported
speech clause
underwent phonetic change (wa-r -> -er) triggers word internal sandhi (-u+e- -> -o-)
-er strategy
Possesses predicative properties:
introduces its own arguments (speaker and addressee may have its own auxiliary
but:
is a closely bound clitic
-er strategy
[ … V ]RS=QUOT-CVB AUX
syntactic
group
morphosyntactic word
phonological word
Options available:subordination (I)
‘say’
speaker
(agentive)
addressee
(addressive)
reported clause
(assumed P)
Options available:subordination (II)
‘say’
speaker
(agentive or patientive)
addressee
(patientive or addressive)
reported clause
(non-argumental)
Options available:parataxis
‘say’
speaker
(agentive or patientive)
addressee
(patientive or addressive)
reported speech clause
Options available:quotative particle
QUOT
reported clause
[… … … …]
Options available:
subordination I
subordination II
parataxis
quotative particle
verb of speech domi-nates reported speech
reported speech domi-nates verb of speech
reported speech
predicate of speech with its
arguments
mor
phos
ynta
ctic
dom
inat
ion
morp
hop
hon
ologi
cal
dom
ination
triggering logophorics in the RS clause
cliticization to the RS clause
What is it like?Overlap of two essentially different components – description of the reported speech act and the content of the reported speech. The two components are not juxtaposed – they are intertwined:
well,
he said
who will be able,
he said
them in front of everbody
to kill
headman
reported speech act
reported speech
linear order
What is it like?Overlap of two essentially different components – description of the reported speech act and the content of the reported speech. The two components are not juxtaposed – they are intertwined:
reported speech act
reported speech
why you did not stay he said
to mow the field
he aux (was saying)
linear order
Conclusion:
Pfv converb of the speech verb (boli)
Contracted ipfv form of the speech verb (-er)
Speech complementiz
er
Its extensions
(purposive)
Predicative clitic
Quotative particle
(floating, repetition, loss of argument licensing)
PS: what we think about when we talk about reported
speech.
Semidirect-ness!
Thank you (they said)
