The Quest for Empire

You will need your spiral, pen and map pencils for this activity. The Quest The Quest

for for EmpireEmpire

Map Study: European nations Map Study: European nations create empires in North create empires in North AmericaAmerica

Trace the outline of the map of the western Hemisphere on page___ in your spiral. Place the map along the top edge of your spiral.

Trace the map of Europe on page _____ in your spiral. Place the map along the top edge of your page.

Print the labels as shown here.

Great Britain

France

SpainPortugal Italy

Print labels as shown here

New France(Canada)

English Colonies

New Spain

Present dayBrazil

Henry wanted to find a water route to India. The passage to India over land was long, slow, and dangerous. A ship could carry more goods to and from India than the largest caravans, but Europeans could only guess that sailors could circumnavigate, or go around, Africa. Prince Henry helped unlock the secrets of Africa. Henry set up a school for sailors to learn the secrets of the ocean. He paid for many sailing expeditions out of the Portuguese treasury. Henry also employed cartographers who created the most sophisticated maps of their time. The maps made it possible for sailors to learn from previous expeditions. Circumnavigate- to sail around the worldCartographers- map makers

Portugal

Color Portugal orange

Portugal

Goal: Controlsea trade with Africa

Circled Africa in 1488

Color Italy purple

Draw a red line from Italy to Spain

Christopher Columbus goes toSpain with plans to sail around the world

Italy

Columbus was born in 1451, in Corsica and grew up in Genoa He was the oldest of five children. As a child, he helped his father as a weaver. He always liked the sea.. Genoa was an important seaport. There is no doubt that as a child he caught rides on ships. He had little schooling but was a genius with the sea. His plan was not to prove that the world was flat, but it was to find a shortcut to the Spice Islands. He wanted to establish a city there for trade, seaports, and much more.When he grew into a man he was interested in sailing to Asia by going west. First he went to the king of Italy and presented his idea before him. Italy wasn't looking or a way to Asia, they were still receiving riches from their old trade routes.

This panel depicts Queen Isabella listening attentively to Columbus's explanation of his map, with King Ferdinand at her side. On April 17, 1492, the agreement to finance the voyage was signed. Beside this panel are figures of Alonzo d’Ojeda, a Spanish adventurer who accompanied Columbus to the New World, and Queen Isabella.

Spain:Goals= 3 G’s Gold God Glory

Columbus reaches America in 1492

Aztec Empire

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NinaPinta

Santa Maria

Cortez sails to Mexico, 1519

Cortez conquers Aztec Empire, 1521

Spain’s Policy:-convert Indians--make them Spanish citizens--obtain wealth and power

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The King and Queen ofSpain rewarded Columbusby granting him a title of nobility and giving him permission to create a coat of arms.

Columbus would make atotal of four voyages to the New World and wasappointed governorof the Spanish colony in Hispanola. His leadershipwas quite poor and he was replaced.

Both nations were Catholic. Both considered the Pope the final authority. Popes had already decided questions of territorialconflict between them.

The pope decided to draw a line of demarcation to separate the two empires. The pope's line ran from the arctic pole to the Antarctic, one-hundred leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands. Anything to the west of that line belonged to Spain.Anything to the east, belonged to Portugal. The exception was if any other Christian king or power already held lands withinthose areas by Christmas day, 1493.

Disagreements soon arose between Spain andPortugal over who could claim newly discoveredlands for their empires.

Demarcation- dividing line

Draw a purple line on your map as shown here.

Line of Demarcation

Pope gives all land to theeast to Portugal and all land to the west to Spain

John Cabot was an Italian-born English explorer and navigator. In Italy, he is known as Giovanni Caboto . At therequest of King Henry VII of England, Cabot sailed to Canada in 1497, commanding the small ship called "Matthew." Cabot landed near Labrador, Newfoundland, or Cape Breton Island on June 24, 1497 Cabot explored the Canadian coastline and named many of its islands and capes. The mission's purpose was to search for aNorthwest passage across North America to Asia (a seaway to Asia). Cabot's expeditions were the first of Britain's claims to Canada.

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Francis Drake

Great Britain

Goal: Find more resources and wealth

Label map and add details as shown

Cabot sails to North

America in 1497

Great Britain’s Policy: - remove all Indians - get resources ( trees)

Giovanni da VerranzanoIn 1524 Verranzano explored the New World for France. He searched for a route to the Indies through the continent. Verranzano sailed up and downthe East Coast of America looking for a passage that would take him further west. He could not find one so he returned to France.

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Verranzo

Label as shown

France::Goals: Obtain wealth,

Make trade agreements

Verranzano sailed to North America in 1524

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Cartier

Jacques CartierIn 1534 Cartier tried to find a sea passage to the East Indies through North America. He could not find a river that would take ships west from theAtlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Instead he discovered the St. Lawrence River. The which much sooner than Cartier expectedon a high hill which Cartier named Mont Real or King's Mountain in honor of the King of France. Mont Real later became Montreal. Cartier named thearea New France and claimed it in the name of the King of France. Cartier took colonists to Cape Rouge near Quebec but the colony was a failure. After this France lost interest in Canada. It would be more than 70 yearsbefore another Frenchman came to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.

In 1682, La Salle led an expedition that followed the MississippiTo the Gulf. He claimed all land (including Texas ) for France.

Label as shown

France’s Policy: Establish friendly trade with IndiansTrade for wealth (furs)

Cartier claimed land for New France in 1534.La Salle claimed more Land in 1682